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Wellington Park Historic Tracks and Huts Network Comparative Analysis

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Wellington Park Historic Tracks and Huts Network Comparative Analysis THE HISTORIC TRACK & HUT NETWORK OF THE HOBART FACE OF MOUNT WELLINGTON Interim Report Comparative Analysis & Significance Assessment Anne McConnell MAY 2012 For the Wellington Park Management Trust, Hobart. Anne D. McConnell Consultant - Cultural Heritage Management, Archaeology & Quaternary Geoscience; GPO Box 234, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001. Background to Report This report presents the comparative analysis and significance assessment findings for the historic track and hut network on the Hobart-face of Mount Wellington as part of the Wellington Park Historic Track & Hut Network Assessment Project. This report is provided as the deliverable for the second milestone for the project. The Wellington Park Historic Track & Hut Network Assessment Project is a project of the Wellington Park Management Trust. The project is funded by a grant from the Tasmanian government Urban Renewal and Heritage Fund (URHF). The project is being undertaken on a consultancy basis by the author, Anne McConnell. The data contained in this assessment will be integrated into the final project report in approximately the same format as presented here. Image above: Holiday Rambles in Tasmania – Ascending Mt Wellington, 1885. [Source – State Library of Victoria] Cover Image: Mount Wellington Map, 1937, VW Hodgman [Source – State Library of Tasmania] i CONTENTS page no 1 BACKGROUND - THE EVOLUTION OF 1 THE TRACK & HUT NETWORK 1.1 The Evolution of the Track Network 1 2.2 The Evolution of the Huts 18 2 A CONTEXT FOR THE TRACK & HUT 29 NETWORK – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS 2.1 Introduction – Setting Some Boundaries 29 2.2 A Comparative Analysis of the Tracks 30 2.3 A Comparative Analysis of the Huts 47 3 ASSESSMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE 63 3.1 Introduction 63 3.2 Significance Assessment – the Historic Tracks 64 3.3 Significance Assessment – the Historic Huts 60 4 REFERENCES 79 APPENDIX The Context of Recreational Track & Hut Evolution Figures & Tables Figure 1 Examples of historic tracks on Mount Wellington 2 Figure 2 Time series maps of track development on Mount Wellington 9 Figure 3 Examples of historic huts on Mount Wellington 22 Figure 4 Scenic Tourism Promotion 28 Figure 5 Examples of historic track in Australia & overseas 36 Figure 6 Examples of historic huts & shelters in Australia & overseas 54 Table 1 Periods of track building & key influences, Mount Wellington 5 Table 2 Chronological list of historic tracks on Mount Wellington 7 Table 3 Key periods of hut building, Mount Wellington 24 Table 4 Chronological list of historic hut on Mount Wellington 25 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Wellington Park Historic Tracks & Hut Network Project Report McConnell (May 2012) Comparative Analysis & Significance Assessment Prepared for the Wellington Park Management Trust ii Table 5 Chronological list of historic tracks in Australia to c.1940 32 Table 6 Heritage listed purpose-built recreational tracks in Australia 45 Table 7 Heritage listed purpose-built recreational huts in Australia 58 Table 8 Summary key characteristics and significance of the historic 71 Table 9 Summary key characteristics and significance of the historic 73 recreational huts on Mount Wellington ABBREVIATIONS AHPI Australian Historic Places Inventory asl above sea level CCC Civilian Conservation Corps (USA) CNP Canadian National Parks DOC Department of Conservation (NZ) GCC Glenorchy City Council HCC Hobart City Council HPT Historic Places Trust (NZ) HT Heritage Tasmania (DPIPWE) HWC Hobart Walking Club NLA National Library of Australia NPS National Park Service (USA) NSW New South Wales NT Northern Territory PWS Parks & Wildlife Service Qld Queensland SA South Australia SLT State Library of Tasmania SLV State Library of Victoria TAHO Tasmanian Heritage & Archives Office (formerly AOT) Tas Tasmania THC Tasmanian Heritage Council THR Tasmanian Heritage Register TMAG Tasmanian Museum & Art Gallery TTA Tasmanian Tourism Association Vic Victoria WA Western Australia WPMT Wellington Park Management Trust __________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Wellington Park Historic Tracks & Hut Network Project Report McConnell (May 2012) Comparative Analysis & Significance Assessment Prepared for the Wellington Park Management Trust 1 1 BACKGROUND – THE EVOLUTION OF THE TRACK & HUT NETWORK 1.1 The Evolution of the Track Network Overview Although Aboriginal people would have travelled to the top of Mount Wellington by a variety of routes, the routes used by Europeans from settlement in 1803, onwards, appear to have been restricted to a limited number of particular routes, later formalised as marked routes, and again later as cut tracks. The initial and key routes on Mount Wellington were focused on getting to the summit of Mount Wellington, and were all from the core part of Hobart, therefore all on the eastern face. The first documented route was that taken in 1789by George Bass who is credited as being the first non- Aboriginal person to climb Mount Wellington. Bass is understood to have made the ascent via the New Town Rivulet and Mount Arthur. The second documented route is the exploratory one taken in 1804by men of Collins party who were investigating the hinterland of Sullivans Cove preparatory to making the decision to make the area a permanent settlement (moving it from the Risdon Cove settlement established by Bowen in 1803). This party comprised Robert Brown (botanist), George Harris (surveyor) and AWH Humphrey (geologist), and the route they appear to have taken was up the Hobart Rivulet to the Springs, then presumably up slope to South Wellington, then across the open summit ridge to the Pinnacle. The route appears to have been determined by their interest in establishing the source of the Hobart Rivulet and establishing its reliability, as well to get a better geographical appreciation of the region from the summit with its expansive views (McConnell & Handsjuk 2010). Both these routes became the early regularly used routes to the summit from the early Hobart Town settlement, both becoming more formalised during the early colonial period, with some sections becoming well made logging roads or bridle tracks while other sections were little more than routes. The year 1845 however saw a significant departure from these routes and the focus on the summit. In 1845 Wellington Falls was „discovered‟ by the white settlers, and with burgeoning world-wide interest in the Sublime the falls were seen as a marvel of nature which should be easily accessible to all those with an interest. That same year enough funds were raised by public subscription for a track to the Falls, and in the same year a track was cut from the Springs around the southern side of Mount Wellington to Wellington Falls on the North West Bay River, a distance of c.6 km (c.3.6 miles). This was the first purpose built recreational track to be built on Mount Wellington, and in fact in Tasmania. It was amongst the earliest recreational tracks to be cut, and the first publicly built recreational track, in Australia.1 From this point in time new tracks were slowly developed on Mount Wellington. For the rest of the 1800s, the additional routes were mainly developed to access the summit from the key entry points around Hobart, or to connect to the main Mountain stopping points Fern Tree and the Springs, or as short walks from them. Until the late 1800s the upwards routes went straight up the slopes, generally using spur ridges, but from 1890 when the better graded Radfords Track was constructed as an alternative to the Fingerpost Track, most tracks on the mountain were built as „sidling‟ tracks – well benched tracks that cut across or diagonally up and across the slopes. From the late 1800s through to the early 1900s (c.1880 to 1920) a special interest in Mount Wellington was the „ferneries‟, or fern groves, in the gullies on the mid-slopes of the mountain, and a small number of public 1 The other tracks were a small number of tracks had been cut by private land owners (at this time mainly publicans) to newly „discovered scenic points in the Blue Mountains west of Sydney (Smith et al, 2006). ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Wellington Park Historic Tracks & Hut Network Project Report McConnell (May 2012) Comparative Analysis & Significance Assessment Prepared for the Wellington Park Management Trust 2 Figure 1 Some examples of the Historical Tracks on Mount Wellington Earliest image of an historical track on Mount Wellington, Probably the upper Icehouse Track possibly the Fingerpost Track no date, author unknown [Source – SLT] 1866-86, Robert Bruce [Source – NLA] Junction of the Wellington Falls Track and Icehouse Track McRobies Gully Track no date, author unknown, [Source – Sheridan 1998, image no date, author unknown [Source – SLT] originally from the TMAG Collection] ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Wellington Park Historic Tracks & Hut Network Project Report McConnell (May 2012) Comparative Analysis & Significance Assessment Prepared for the Wellington Park Management Trust 3 tracks were built to access these. One of these was the Fern Glade Track which was built at the same time as Radfords Track. This interest was also manifest in the development of small „weekend‟ huts which were tucked away in the various gullies on the Hobart face of Mount
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