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GHANA PORTS AND HARBOURS AUTHORITY Contents Chapter 1 – Introduction 1 Chapter 2 – Facility Requirements at the Port of Takoradi 1 2.1 Bulk Facilities 1 2.1.1 Ghana Cement Company (GHACEM) Needs 2 2.1.2 Bauxite Export Facilities 5 2.1.3 Manganese Ore 7 2.1.4 Other Dry Bulk 7 2.2 Container Facility Requirements 8 2.3 Oil Services Requirements 10 2.4 Other Cargoes 11 Chapter 3 – Physical Conditions at the Port of Takoradi 13 3.1 Physical Environment 13 3.2 Metrological Conditions 13 3.3 Temperature 13 3.4 Hydrographic Conditions 16 3.4.1 Geological & Geotechnical conditions 20 3.4.2 Seismic Condition (FROM JICA) 22 3.4.3 Site Investigation by Boskalis International BV (1992) 29 3.5 Existing Port Facilities 39 3.5.1 Introduction 39 3.5.2 General Description 39 3.5.3 Waterfront Structures 41 3.5.4 Existing Conditions 42 3.5.5 Conclusions and Recommended Actions 85 GHANA PORTS AND HARBOURS AUTHORITY 3.5.6 Assessment of Dry Bulk Facilities at the Port of Takoradi, Ghana 88 Chapter 4 – Develop Master Plan for Port of Takoradi 112 4.1 Preliminary alternatives options 112 4.1.1 Option A 116 4.1.2 Option B 116 4.1.3 Option C 117 4.1.4 Recommendation for Container Yard Development 119 4.2 Recommended Master Plan for 2028 119 4.3 Staging of the Master Plan 120 Chapter 5 - Facilities Engineering & Cost Development 123 5.1 Wharf Structures 123 5.2 Breakwater & Revetments 123 5.3 Landfill 126 5.4 Geotechnical Field Surveys 129 5.5 Preliminary Design Criteria 131 5.5.1 Concrete Block 132 5.5.2 Pile-Supported Platform 134 5.5.3 Precast Concrete Caisson 135 5.5.4 Evaluation of Concepts 137 5.5.5 Fuel Bunkering 137 5.6 Preliminary Cost Estimates 137 5.7 Offsite Road Improvements 143 5.7.1 Landside Access 143 5.7.2 Major Assumptions 143 5.7.3 Methodology 144 5.7.4 Conclusions 146 5.8 Rail Improvements 146 5.9 Electrical Supply 146 Chapter 6 – Implementation Planning 148 6.1 Bulk berths 148 6.2 Container Facilities 149 6.2.1 CONTAINER YARD CAPACITY ANALYSIS 150 GHANA PORTS AND HARBOURS AUTHORITY 6.3 Oil Services Facilities 155 6.4 Other Port Facilities 155 6.5 Key Success Factors 155 Chapter 7 – Environmental Impact Analyses 157 7.1 Background 157 7.1.1 Port of Takoradi 157 7.2 Project Objectives and Justification 158 7.2.1 Overview and Justification of the Project 158 7.2.2 Port of Takoradi 159 7.3 Purpose and Objectives of the Preliminary Environmental Assessment 160 7.4 Legal and Regulatory Requirements 160 7.4.1 Environmental Protection Agency Act 1994 161 7.4.2 Environmental Assessment Regulations 1999 161 7.4.3 Environmental Assessment (Amendment) Regulations 2002 161 7.4.4 Ghana Maritime Authority Act 2002, Act 630 162 7.4.5 Ghana Shipping Act 2002, Act 645 162 7.4.6 Ghana Ports and Harbors Authority Law 1986, PNDC Law 160 162 7.5 Takoradi Port 163 7.6 Project Life Cycle 165 7.6.1 Construction Phase 165 7.6.2 Operation Phase 166 7.6.3 Termination/Decommissioning Phase 166 7.7 Baseline Data and Assessment Methodology 166 7.7.1 Existing Environmental Data and Information 166 7.7.2 Land Use 166 7.7.3 Water Uses 170 7.7.4 Socio-economic Environment 170 7.7.5 Cultural Heritage and Archaeology 172 7.7.6 Traffic and Transport 172 7.7.7 Geology and Hydrogeology 173 7.7.8 Coastal Processes and Sediment Transport 175 7.7.9 Water and Sediment Quality 176 7.7.10 Marine and Terrestrial Ecology 176 7.7.11 Fisheries Resources 178 GHANA PORTS AND HARBOURS AUTHORITY 7.7.12 Air Quality 179 7.7.13 Noise 180 7.7.14 Landscape and Visual Aspects 180 7.7.15 Identified Environmental Data Gaps 181 7.8 Assessment Methodology 181 7.8.1 Method used in Assessment 181 7.8.2 Consultations 182 7.9 Assessment of Environmental Impacts 183 7.9.1 Land Uses 183 7.9.2 Water Uses 183 7.9.3 Socio-economic Impacts 184 7.9.4 Traffic and Transport 184 7.9.5 Geology and Hydrogeology 184 7.9.6 Coastal Processes and Sediment Transport 184 7.9.7 Water and Sediment Quality 185 7.9.8 Marine and Terrestrial Ecology 185 7.9.9 Fisheries Resources 186 7.9.10 Air Quality 186 7.9.11 Noise 187 7.9.12 Visual aspects 187 7.10 Impact Mitigation and Amelioration 187 7.10.1 Land Uses 187 7.10.2 Water Uses 188 7.10.3 Socio-economic Impacts 188 7.10.4 Traffic and Transport 188 7.10.5 Geology and Hydrogeology 188 7.10.6 Coastal Processes and Sediment Transport 189 7.10.7 Water and Sediment Quality 189 7.10.8 Marine and Terrestrial Ecology 189 7.10.9 Fisheries Resources 190 7.10.10 Air Quality 190 7.10.11 Noise 190 7.10.12 Visual aspects 190 7.11 Provisional Environmental Management Plan 190 7.11.1 Environmental Monitoring 190 7.11.2 Environmental Management Strategy 191 GHANA PORTS AND HARBOURS AUTHORITY 7.11.3 Reporting 191 7.11.4 Environmental Management Plan 192 7.12 Conclusion 192 Chapter 8 – Financial & Economic Impact Analyses 192 8.1 Commodity Flows 192 8.2 Port Redevelopment Characteristics and Economic Impacts 193 8.3 Vessel Sizes at the Port of Takoradi 193 8.4 Economic Feasibility Analysis 195 8.4.1 Data Inputs to the Analysis 196 8.4.2 Results of the Economic Calculations 200 8.4.3 Economic Feasibility and Potential Risk Factors 206 8.4.4 Privatized Project Financing Parameters 207 8.5 Key Assumptions 207 8.5.1 Financial Feasibility Results 208 8.6 Risk Issues and Risk Assessment 208 8.7 Sensitivity Tests 210 8.8 Conclusions 211 Chapter 9 – Developmental Impact Analyses 213 9.1 Economic Impact Analysis for the Proposed Takoradi Port Development 213 9.2 The Source of Economic Impacts 213 9.3 Analytical Approach 214 9.4 Direct and Secondary Impacts Estimation 216 9.4.1 Overview of Requirements Tables 216 9.4.2 Analytical Assumptions for Takoradi 218 9.4.3 Impact of Port Operations 219 Chapter 10 - Concession/Franchise Recommendations 221 10.1 Fixed and Variable Payments 222 10.2 Limitation of Operations 222 10.3 Repairs, Improvements, and Investments 223 10.4 Audits 223 10.5 Condition of Leased Premises 223 GHANA PORTS AND HARBOURS AUTHORITY 10.6 Lessee Rates and Charges 223 10.7 Default 224 10.8 Force Majeure 224 10.9 Lease Termination 224 10.10 Access to Leased Premises 224 10.11 The Model Lease 224 Appendix A Draft Specification of Soils Boring Program 226 Appendix B West African Gas Pipeline Project Geotechnical Survey 217 Appendix C Opportunities for US Companies 222 GHANA PORTS AND HARBOURS AUTHORITY Illustrations Figures: Figure 2-1 Takoradi Port Facility Plan Figure 3-1 Speed of Offshore Guinea Current (July, August, and September) Figure 3-2 Extent of Guinea Current Figure 3-3 Expansion Plan Boreholes Figure 3-4 Boring Location Plan of Tk-1 and Tk-2 (Jica 2002) Figure 3-5 Boring Location Plan of Borings Bh-1 thru Bh-8 (1 thru 8 on Map) (Boskalis, 1992)(3) Figure 3-6 Variation of Point Load Index (ls50) vs. Elevation Figure 3-7 Variation of Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) vs. Elevation. Figure 3-8 Variation of Fissure Index (FI) vs. Elevation. Figure 3-9 Variation of Weathering Index (FI) vs. Elevation Figure 3-10 Summary Plot of UCS Test Results vs. Elevation for the 3 Site Investigations. Figure 3-11 Takoradi Port Facility Plan Figure 3-12 Berths 1, 2, and 3: Typical Section Figure 3-13 General view of Berth 1 (Manganese Ore Berth), south elevation. Figure 3-14 Berth 1. Moderate deterioration of concrete and shotcrete repairs at the underside of the deck. Figure 3-15 Berth 1. Minor mechanical damage along face of the berth. Figure 3-16 Berth 1. Severely damaged fender system. Figure 3-17 General view of Berth 2, south elevation. Figure 3-18 Berth 2. Minor mechanical damage at concrete cope. Figure 3-19 Berth 2. Severe damage to rubber arch fenders. Figure 3-20 Berths 4, 5, and 6: Typical Section Figure 3-21 General view of Berth 5, south elevation. Figure 3-22 Berth 4. Minor cracking and mechanical damage in concrete. Figure 3-23 Berth 6. Rubber tire fenders. Figure 3-24 General view of Pontoon Berth, east elevation. Figure 3-25 General view of the Tug Berth, south elevation. Figure 3-26 General view of the Coal Wharf, south elevation. Figure 3-27 Coal Wharf. Severely damaged and broken concrete piles. Figure 3-28 Coal Wharf. Settlement of Concrete Deck. Figure 3-29 Coal Wharf. Rubber tire fenders. Figure 3-30 General view of the Copra Wharf, east elevation. Figure 3-31 General view of West Lighter Wharf, east elevation. Figure 3-32 West Lighter Wharf (North), Typical Section Figure 3-33 View of north end of West Lighter Wharf, east elevation. Figure 3-34 West Lighter Wharf (South) Typical Section Figure 3-35 View of southern end of West Lighter Wharf, east elevation. GHANA PORTS AND HARBOURS AUTHORITY Figure 3-36 West Lighter Wharf, south end. Typical condition of concrete deck and undermining of rear beam footing. Figure 3-37 General view of North Log Wharf, north elevation.
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