DOCSLIB.ORG

Human Trafficking in Kenya

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Human Trafficking in Kenya HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN KENYA 4th DRAFT REPORT JUNE, 2015 Copyright© 2015 by National Crime Research Centre Nairobi; Printed in Kenya Part of this publication may be copied for use in research and education purposes provided that the source is acknowledged. This publication may not be produced for other purposes without prior permission from the National Crime Research Centre ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report has been made possible through colossal contribution from various individuals and organizations. The National Crime Research Centre (NCRC) wishes to thank the government for allocating funds to the Centre for the realization of the core mandate of carrying out research into the causes of crime and its prevention. The Centre appreciates the authority to conduct the study granted by and participation in interviews of agencies and their members in the criminal justice system. The findings and recommendations of the study are timely and for all intents and purposes will assist in addressing human trafficking menace with a view to achieving a crime free society. The Centre would like to recognize members of the Governing Council under the chairmanship of Prof. Githu Muigai and the Research and Development Committee of the Council under the chairmanship of Dr. Beneah Mutsotso for their dedication and support in approving the implementation funds and offering research guidance. This has immensely contributed to the implementation of the study, improvement of the quality and production of the report of the study. The Centre is grateful for the service and contribution of its staff and particularly the researchers Mr. Stephen M. Muteti (Principal Researcher) and Mr. Luchetu Likaka (Research Officer I) for coordination and supervision of the study in data collection, analysis and report writing. Finally, the Centre would like to thank members of the public for their co-operation and participation in interviews which enabled the researchers to collect the required information on human trafficking in Kenya. To all who participated in one way or the other in facilitating this study, the Centre remains indebted to them. J.ORIRI ONYANGO DIRECTOR NATIONAL CRIME RESEARCH CENTRE iii FOREWORD iv LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1: Selected Clusters ......................................................................................................... 17 Table 3.1 Gender and Age of the Respondents ............................................................................. 24 Table 3.2: Countries of Origin, Transit and Destination ............................................................. 50 Table 3.5 Effectiveness of organizations in addressing human trafficking .................................. 57 v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3.1: Marital Status ............................................................................................................ 25 Figure 3.2: Highest Educational level .......................................................................................... 26 Figure 3.3: Nationality and Religion ............................................................................................ 26 Figure 3.4: Occupation ................................................................................................................. 27 Figure 3.5: Forms of Human Trafficking ..................................................................................... 28 Figure 3.6: Awareness of forms of trafficking .............................................................................. 29 Figure 3.7: Prevalence of Trafficking .......................................................................................... 30 Figure 3.8 Rating of Prevalence of Human Trafficking ............................................................... 31 Figure 3.9: Voluntary and involuntary domestic and external trafficking ................................... 32 Figure 3.10 Reasons for Voluntary Trafficking ............................................................................ 32 Figure 3.11: Payment cost ............................................................................................................ 33 Figure 3.12 Refunding of Monies ................................................................................................. 34 Figure 3.13: Reasons for non payment ......................................................................................... 34 Figure 3.14 Treatment/Conditions and Awareness ...................................................................... 35 Figure 3.15: Purpose for Human Trafficking ............................................................................... 36 Figure 3.16: Factors Contributing to Human Trafficking............................................................ 37 Figure 3.18 Victims of Domestic Trafficking ................................................................................ 38 Figure 3.19: Gender of External Victims ..................................................................................... 39 Figure 3.20: Socio-economic profiles of Victims in Domestic Human Trafficking ...................... 40 Figure 3.21 Methods of recruitment and awareness .................................................................... 42 Figure 3.22 Facilitators of recruitment and level of facilitation in domestic human trafficking . 42 Figure 3.23: Facilitators of recruitment and level of facilitation in external human trafficking . 43 Figure 3.24 Networks and Processes in recruitment .................................................................... 44 Figure 3.25 Kenya as source, transit route and destination of victims of Human Trafficking .... 46 Figure 3.26: Persistence of Human Trafficking in Kenya ............................................................ 47 Figure 3.27: Sources of victims .................................................................................................... 47 Figure 3.28 Mode of transport for Domestic Human Trafficking ................................................ 48 Figure 3.29 Destinations for Domestic Human Trafficking ......................................................... 49 Figure 3.30: External destinations of Human Trafficking............................................................ 49 Figure 3.32 Awareness of socio-economic effects of Human Trafficking .................................... 52 vi Figure 3.33: Socio-economic effects identified by Sample respondents....................................... 53 Figure 3.34: Challenges faced in Preventing and Combating Human Trafficking ...................... 54 Figure 3.35: Solution to challenges preventing and combating human trafficking ..................... 55 Figure 3.36: Organization Awareness .......................................................................................... 56 Figure 3.37: Best practices in Addressing Human Trafficking .................................................... 59 vii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. iii FOREWORD................................................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................... v LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ vi ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ....................................................................................... xi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... xiii CHAPTER ONE .............................................................................................................................. 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Research Objectives ................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.1 General Objective ................................................................................................................... 10 1.2.2 Specific Objectives ................................................................................................................. 10 1.3 Research Questions .................................................................................................................... 10 1.4 Justification of the study ............................................................................................................ 11 1.5 Assumptions of the Study .......................................................................................................... 12 1.6 Scope of the Study ..................................................................................................................... 12 1.7 Theoretical Framework of the Study ......................................................................................... 12 1.7.1 Rational Choice Theory .......................................................................................................... 13 1.7.2 Victim Vulnerability Model ...................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Emancipating Modern Slaves: the Challenges of Combating the Sex
    Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2013 Emancipating Modern Slaves: The hC allenges of Combating the Sex Trade Rachel Mann Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Mann, Rachel, "Emancipating Modern Slaves: The hC allenges of Combating the Sex Trade" (2013). Honors Theses. 700. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/700 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EMANCIPATING MODERN SLAVES: THE CHALLENGES OF COMBATING THE SEX TRADE By Rachel J. Mann * * * * * * * * * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Political Science UNION COLLEGE June, 2013 ABSTRACT MANN, RACHEL Emancipating Modern Slaves: The Challenges of Combating the Sex Trade, June 2013 ADVISOR: Thomas Lobe The trafficking and enslavement of women and children for sexual exploitation affects millions of victims in every region of the world. Sex trafficking operates as a business, where women are treated as commodities within a global market for sex. Traffickers profit from a supply of vulnerable women, international demand for sex slavery, and a viable means of transporting victims. Globalization and the expansion of free market capitalism have increased these factors, leading to a dramatic increase in sex trafficking. Globalization has also brought new dimensions to the fight against sex trafficking.
    [Show full text]
  • Countering Violent Extremism the Counter Narrative Study
    ! COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM THE COUNTER NARRATIVE STUDY “Countering the Narratives of Violent Extremism FOREWORD The Achilles’ heel of our strategy against terrorism and violent extremism has been the failure to counter the narratives that groups use to recruit. As long as groups attract a steady stream of new members, the terrorism and violence will continue. This is why the strategy known as Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) is so important, and must be used as a counterterrorism tool alongside military, intelligence, and law enforcement operations. Through our partnership with the Qatar International Academy for Security Studies (QIASS), we offer critical guidance to those wishing to counter the narratives of violence and extremism. “Countering Violent Extremism: The Counter-Narrative Study” is the result of a year- long research project conducted by our team of former top law enforcement, intelligence, and counterterrorism officials. We traveled around the world, from Malaysia to Kenya to Norway to Northern Ireland to the United States, studying extremist and terrorist groups and interviewing their members, as well as those in government and other important stakeholders responsible for tackling the problem. As you will see from our “Findings,” we’ve put together some essential lessons. One of the most important takeaways is understanding the pattern(s) behind group recruitment. Terrorist and extremist groups first prey on local grievances—exploiting feelings of anger, humiliation, resentment, or lack of purpose. They then incorporate, into their violent pronouncements, conspiratorial messages that blame those they are targeting. Self-proclaimed religious groups use distorted religious edicts in their narratives. Recruiters achieve success by providing both answers and a sense of purpose to vulnerable individuals.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Trafficking in Persons Report
    are often subjected to sex trafficking in Italy after accepting trafficking victims who were provided government shelter and JAMAICA promises of employment as dancers, singers, models, restaurant services, and increased awareness-raising efforts. However, the servers, or caregivers. Romanian and Albanian criminal groups government did not meet the minimum standards in several force Eastern European women and girls into commercial sex. key areas. The government did not hold complicit officials Nigerians represent 21 percent of victims, with numbers nearly accountable, publish a standard victim protection protocol, doubling in 2016 to approximately 7,500 victims. Nigerian or publish an annual report monitoring its efforts. women and girls are subjected to sex and labor trafficking through debt bondage and coercion through voodoo rituals. Men from Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe are subjected to forced labor through debt bondage in agriculture in southern Italy and in construction, house cleaning, hotels, and restaurants in the north. Chinese men and women are forced to work in textile factories in Milan, Prato, Rome, and Naples. Children subjected to sex trafficking, forced begging, and forced criminal activities are from Romania, Nigeria, Brazil, Morocco, and Italy, particularly Romani and Sinti boys who may have been born in Italy. Transgender individuals from Brazil and Argentina are subjected to sex trafficking in Italy. Unaccompanied children RECOMMENDATIONS FOR JAMAICA are at risk of trafficking, particularly boys from Somalia, Eritrea, Vigorously prosecute, convict, and punish traffickers, including Bangladesh, Egypt, and Afghanistan, who often work in shops, any officials complicit in sex or labor trafficking; increase bars, restaurants, and bakeries to repay smuggling debts.
    [Show full text]
  • A Critique of the Global Trafficking Discourse and U.S. Policy
    The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare Volume 34 Issue 4 December Article 4 2007 A Critique of the Global Trafficking Discourse and U.S.olicy P Moshoula Capous Desyllas Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, Public Policy Commons, and the Social Work Commons Recommended Citation Desyllas, Moshoula Capous (2007) "A Critique of the Global Trafficking Discourse and U.S.olicy P ," The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare: Vol. 34 : Iss. 4 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw/vol34/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you by the Western Michigan University School of Social Work. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Critique of the Global Trafficking Discourse and U.S. Policy MOSHOULA CAPOUS DESYLLAS Portland State University School of Social Work This article examines the dominant discourse on trafficking in per- sons and the implementation of international and U.S. policy to address trafficking globally. Features of the United Nations Pro- tocol and the Trafficking in Victims Protection Act demonstrate how trafficking frameworks currently in place contain underly- ing fears of migration and female sexuality. The implications of policy on the construction of third world women as "victims to be saved" through governments, National Government Organiza- tions,feminists and the media will show how these misrespresenta- tions only reinforce racism and dualistic simplifications of a com- plex issue. An emphasis is placed on the importance of women's agency and the possibility of multiple realities. An alternative way of thinking about human trafficking and related policy through a labor rights, migration and human rights framework is proposed.
    [Show full text]
  • The United States As Global Sheriff: Using Unilateral Sanctions to Combat Human Trafficking
    Michigan Journal of International Law Volume 27 Issue 2 2006 The United States as Global Sheriff: Using Unilateral Sanctions to Combat Human Trafficking Janie Chuang American University Washington College of Law Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, Law and Gender Commons, Legislation Commons, and the Transnational Law Commons Recommended Citation Janie Chuang, The United States as Global Sheriff: Using Unilateral Sanctions to Combat Human Trafficking, 27 MICH. J. INT'L L. 437 (2006). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol27/iss2/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Journal of International Law at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE UNITED STATES AS GLOBAL SHERIFF: USING UNILATERAL SANCTIONS TO COMBAT HUMAN TRAFFICKING Janie Chuang* I. COMPETING RESPONSES TO THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN T RAFFICKING ............................................................................ 44 1 A. The InternationalResponse: A FragileConsensus in Vienna............................................................................ 442 1. The Definition of Trafficking ...................................... 443 2. Criminal Justice vs. Human Rights ............................. 446 B. The United States'Response: U.S. Norms with G lobal R each ..................................................................... 448 1. The U.S. Anti-Trafficking Legislation ........................ 449 2. The Role of the United States in the Global Fight Against Trafficking ............................................ 454 II. A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSING UNILATERAL SANCTIONS AND INTERNATIONAL ANTI-TRAFFICKING N oRM DEVELOPMENT .............................................................. 456 A. The Standard Critiques of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime
    2 Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime 3 Fondation SCELLES Under the Direction of Yves Charpenel Deputy General Prosecutor of the Supreme Court of France President of the Fondation Scelles Sexual Exploitation Prostitution and Organized Crime ECONOMICA 49, rue Héricart, 75015 Paris 4 Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime « The proceeds from the sale of this book will be given directly to the Fondation Scelles » Translated from the original French Edition Exploitation sexuelle – Prostitution et crime organisé © Ed. Economica 2012 Translation copyright © Ed. ECONOMICA, 2012 All reproduction, translation, execution and adaptation rights are reserved for all countries Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime 5 Excerpt from the Dictionary of the French Academy PROSTITUTION n. 13 th century, meaning of "debauchery"; 18 th century, the current meaning. From the Latin prostitutio , "prostitution, desecration." The act of having sexual relations in exchange for payment; activity consisting in practicing regularly such relations. The law does not prohibit prostitution, only soliciting and procuring. Entering into prostitution. A prostitution network. Clandestine, occasional prostitution . ANCIENT MEANING. Sacred prostitution , practiced by the female servants of the goddesses of love or fertility in certain temples and for the profit of these goddesses, in some countries of the Middle East and of the Mediterranean. The Aphrodite temple, in Corinth,
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 Trafficking in Persons Report
    are often subjected to sex trafficking in Italy after accepting trafficking victims who were provided government shelter and JAMAICA promises of employment as dancers, singers, models, restaurant services, and increased awareness-raising efforts. However, the servers, or caregivers. Romanian and Albanian criminal groups government did not meet the minimum standards in several force Eastern European women and girls into commercial sex. key areas. The government did not hold complicit officials Nigerians represent 21 percent of victims, with numbers nearly accountable, publish a standard victim protection protocol, doubling in 2016 to approximately 7,500 victims. Nigerian or publish an annual report monitoring its efforts. women and girls are subjected to sex and labor trafficking through debt bondage and coercion through voodoo rituals. Men from Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe are subjected to forced labor through debt bondage in agriculture in southern Italy and in construction, house cleaning, hotels, and restaurants in the north. Chinese men and women are forced to work in textile factories in Milan, Prato, Rome, and Naples. Children subjected to sex trafficking, forced begging, and forced criminal activities are from Romania, Nigeria, Brazil, Morocco, and Italy, particularly Romani and Sinti boys who may have been born in Italy. Transgender individuals from Brazil and Argentina are subjected to sex trafficking in Italy. Unaccompanied children RECOMMENDATIONS FOR JAMAICA are at risk of trafficking, particularly boys from Somalia, Eritrea, Vigorously prosecute, convict, and punish traffickers, including Bangladesh, Egypt, and Afghanistan, who often work in shops, any officials complicit in sex or labor trafficking; increase bars, restaurants, and bakeries to repay smuggling debts.
    [Show full text]
  • ANNUAL REPORT 2019 WELCOME to WEILL CORNELL MEDICINE-QATAR ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Contents
    ANNUAL REPORT 2019 WELCOME TO WEILL CORNELL MEDICINE-QATAR ANNUAL REPORT 2019 Contents Leadership Report 06 Joint Advisory Board 08 Foundation and Pre-Medical Education 10 Medical Education 16 Continuing Professional Development 36 Clinical and Faculty Affairs 56 Research 64 Institute for Population Health 76 Student Outreach and Educational Development 94 Admissions 102 Student Affairs 108 Community Development 116 Statistics 128 Leadership Structure 134 WCM-Q Publications 136 In addition to the continued pursuit and achievement of excellence, the past year also saw a marked intensification and expansion of WCM-Q’s engagement with external institutions. Leadership Report Dr. Javaid I. Sheikh, Dean. The last 12 months has seen our a leadership role and providing a This expanding influence as a regional and our commitment to nurturing a strong institution continue to reach the forum for the sharing of expertise international leader in medical education homegrown pool of local research talent very highest standards across and knowledge, benefiting every and biomedical research is testament to and engendering a forward-looking culture a wide range of competencies, party involved and frequently the ever greater ambition and confidence that embraces innovation. with our faculty excelling in the leading to the conception and we feel as an institution, and speaks spheres of education, patient launch of exciting new projects. volumes about the unstinting support and In a similar vein, this year’s graduating class care and research, our students This year, for example, WCM-Q enlightened guidance we continue to receive – the Class of 2019 – contained a strong achieving extraordinary results, led the way with events sharing from Qatar Foundation and the leadership contingent of Qatari nationals and long- and our alumni attaining prominent expertise on subjects as diverse of the State of Qatar, for which we remain term residents, demonstrating WCM-Q’s positions in elite healthcare and wide-ranging as simulation- extremely grateful.
    [Show full text]
  • Characterizing the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa
    Public Disclosure Authorized Characterizing the Public Disclosure Authorized HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Middle East Public Disclosure Authorized and North Africa TIME FOR STRATEGIC ACTION Public Disclosure Authorized Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Francisca Ayodeji Akala, Iris Semini, Gabriele Riedner, David Wilson, and Ousama Tawil Characterizing the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa Characterizing the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Middle East and North Africa TIME FOR STRATEGIC ACTION Laith J. Abu-Raddad, Francisca Ayodeji Akala, Iris Semini, Gabriele Riedner, David Wilson, and Ousama Tawil Washington, D.C. © 2010 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 13 12 11 10 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law.
    [Show full text]
  • A Abortions ...109, 110, 115, 116, 117 Abrasives, Stone
    Index Table Table A Aerospace industry: —Con. Abortions ................... 109, 110, 115, 116, 117 Shipments .................... 1450, 1451, 1452 Abrasives, stone ........................ 1146, 1147 Afghanistan. See Foreign countries. Accidents and fatalities . 211, 212, 989, 1010, 1011, AFL-CIO ........................................ 682 1013, 1018, 1032, 1153 Africa. See Foreign countries. Aircraft ................... 138, 989, 1043, 1045 Age of population. See Population. Aggravated assault ........ 310, 311, 312, 313, 325 Costs ....................................... 209 Agricultural implements and machinery industry . 1211 Deaths and death rates . 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, Agricultural loans. See Farm mortgage loans. 133, 138, 1010, 1011, 1013, 1032, 1153 Agricultural nonprofit associations ............. 1278 Foreign countries ...................... 1328 Agricultural products. See Farms and individual Infants .................................. 126 products. Drownings .................................. 138 Agricultural sciences: Falls ........................................ 138 Degrees conferred ..... 299, 301, 302, 303, 974 Fires ........................................ 361 Agricultural services: Industrial .............. 674, 675, 676, 677, 1153 Employees .................. 641, 642, 839, 840 Injuries ..................... 210, 211, 212, 1153 Establishments ........................ 839, 840 Motor vehicles . 128, 129, 131, 138, 1010, 1011, Agriculture (see also Farms and Farmers and farm 1012, 1013, 1340 workers): Motorcycle ................................
    [Show full text]
  • COLLATERAL DAMAGE the Impact of Anti-Trafficking Measures on Human Rights Around the World
    COLLATERAL DAMAGE The Impact of Anti-Trafficking Measures on Human Rights around the World Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women 2007 COLLATERAL DAMAGE The Impact of Anti-Trafficking Measures on Human Rights around the World © 2007 Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women (GAATW) ISBN 978-974-8371-92-4 Cover Design by GAATW International Secretariat Printed at Amarin Printing & Publishing Public Company Limited, Thailand Global Alliance Against Traffic in Women P.O. Box 36 Bangkok Noi Post Office Bangkok 10700 Thailand Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.gaatw.org CONTENTS Acknowledgments Preface ...................................................................................................................... vii Dr Jyoti Sanghera Introduction ................................................................................................................ 1 Mike Dottridge Australia ....................................................................................................................28 Elaine Pearson Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) ..................................................................................61 Barbara Limanowska Brazil .........................................................................................................................87 Frans Nederstigt and Luciana Campello R. Almeida India ........................................................................................................................ 114 Ratna Kapur Nigeria ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of Women Trafficked in the Migration Process
    A Comparative Study of Women Trafficked in the Migration Process Patterns, Profiles and Health Consequences of Sexual Exploitation in Five Countries (Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Venezuela and the United States) Janice G. Raymond, PhD – International Coordinator Jean D’Cunha, PhD, Thailand Siti Ruhaini Dzuhayatin, Indonesia H. Patricia Hynes, United States Zoraida Ramirez Rodriguez, PhD, Venezuela Aida Santos, The Philippines A Comparative Study of Women Trafficked in the Migration Process Patterns, Profiles and Health Consequences of Sexual Exploitation in Five Countries (Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Venezuela and the United States) Janice G. Raymond, PhD – International Coordinator Jean D’Cunha, PhD, Thailand Siti Ruhaini Dzuhayatin, Indonesia H. Patricia Hynes, United States Zoraida Ramirez Rodriguez, PhD, Venezuela Aida Santos, The Philippines i DEDICATION In Memory of Raquel Edralin-Tiglao Friend, Brave Spirit, Political Prisoner, Woman Warrior in the Struggle Against Violence Against Women, Insightful Counselor, Founder of the Women’s Crisis Center, Manila in the Philippines, and Co-Founder of the Coalition Against Trafficking in Women, Asia Pacific ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We thank all the women who agreed to be interviewed for this project and gave of their time, experience, and insights. Many of these women who are survivors of trafficking and prostitution consented to be interviewed in spite of the difficulties they experienced in talking about some of these issues. We also thank those NGOs, service providers, advocates, and law enforcement and governmental personnel who spoke with us. In the process of completing this study, several individuals worked on the project who are not named in the country reports. We thank Jan Dahms who investigated the health literature relating to prostitution and trafficking, participated in the first planning meeting, and who also assembled the bibliography; and Russ Lopez who investigated the U.S.
    [Show full text]