Department of State Trafficking in Persons
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Emancipating Modern Slaves: the Challenges of Combating the Sex
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2013 Emancipating Modern Slaves: The hC allenges of Combating the Sex Trade Rachel Mann Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Mann, Rachel, "Emancipating Modern Slaves: The hC allenges of Combating the Sex Trade" (2013). Honors Theses. 700. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/700 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EMANCIPATING MODERN SLAVES: THE CHALLENGES OF COMBATING THE SEX TRADE By Rachel J. Mann * * * * * * * * * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Political Science UNION COLLEGE June, 2013 ABSTRACT MANN, RACHEL Emancipating Modern Slaves: The Challenges of Combating the Sex Trade, June 2013 ADVISOR: Thomas Lobe The trafficking and enslavement of women and children for sexual exploitation affects millions of victims in every region of the world. Sex trafficking operates as a business, where women are treated as commodities within a global market for sex. Traffickers profit from a supply of vulnerable women, international demand for sex slavery, and a viable means of transporting victims. Globalization and the expansion of free market capitalism have increased these factors, leading to a dramatic increase in sex trafficking. Globalization has also brought new dimensions to the fight against sex trafficking. -
Trafficking in Human Beings in Lebanon - a Stock-Taking Report
20YEARS Traffi cking in Human Beings in Lebanon A Stock-Taking Report International Centre for Migration Policy Development 2013 Trafficking in Human Beings in Lebanon - A Stock-Taking Report International Centre for Migration Policy Development 2013 ICMPD Team: Melita Gruevska-Graham, Jenny Andersson Pucher, Elisa Trossero, Dania Younes Copyright: International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD), 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission of the copyright owners. International Centre for Migration Policy Development (ICMPD) Gonzagagasse 1, 5th floor Vienna, Austria A-1010 www.icmpd.org This publication was made possible through support provided by the United States Department of State, under the terms of Award No. S-SGTIP-10-GR-0064. The opinions expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Department of State. Layout by Jad Harb Printed and Bound by Doculand ISBN: 978-3-900411-86-2 FOREWORD This assessment looks at the situation of trafficking in human beings in Lebanon through an analysis of existing legal and institutional responses. An attempt has been made to identify the current state of play of the main forms of trafficking present in Lebanon, as well as the challenges related to the identification and referral of trafficked persons. Based on these analyses the document outlines the ambiguity and complexity which surrounds the issue of trafficking in human beings as a crime: a crime that is often hidden and intertwined with other migration related matters. -
Sex Work in French Mandate Lebanon and Syria: a History of Representations and Interventions (1920-1946)
Sex Work in French Mandate Lebanon and Syria: A History of Representations and Interventions (1920-1946) Pascale Nancy Graham Institute of Islamic Studies McGill University, Montréal August 2019 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy © Pascale Nancy Graham Table of Contents Abstract/Résumé iii Acknowledgements vii List of Abbreviations of Archives ix Chapter One: Introduction 1 Regulatory Structures of Sex Work through the Early Modern Ottoman Empire 8 From Ottoman Administration to the French System: Sex Work as Pathology 25 Implicating the League of Nations 39 Public Debates and the Creation of “Diametrically Opposed States of Existence” 46 Colonialism and Humanitarianism: Power and Exclusion 57 Primary Sources and Methodology 61 Thesis Overview 66 Chapter Two: The Power of Medicine: Sex Work, Containment, and the New Discourse of Public Health 71 The Insertion of Scientific Vocabulary into the State Apparatus: The “Truth” about Sex Work 75 Research on Sex Work in the Metropole: The “Indispensable Excremental Phenomenon” 78 The Transmission of Knowledge: The Pathologizing of Sex Work Comes to the Levant 85 The Commission of Medical Reports with the Same Old Message under the New Regime 95 Assessing the Risk of Social Contagion in a Rural Context 108 Conclusion 114 Chapter Three: The Paradox of Liminality: Medico-Administrative and Legal Discourses in Defense of Public Health 119 Those Existing Outside the Law: The Paradox of the French System in the Levant -
Countering Violent Extremism the Counter Narrative Study
! COUNTERING VIOLENT EXTREMISM THE COUNTER NARRATIVE STUDY “Countering the Narratives of Violent Extremism FOREWORD The Achilles’ heel of our strategy against terrorism and violent extremism has been the failure to counter the narratives that groups use to recruit. As long as groups attract a steady stream of new members, the terrorism and violence will continue. This is why the strategy known as Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) is so important, and must be used as a counterterrorism tool alongside military, intelligence, and law enforcement operations. Through our partnership with the Qatar International Academy for Security Studies (QIASS), we offer critical guidance to those wishing to counter the narratives of violence and extremism. “Countering Violent Extremism: The Counter-Narrative Study” is the result of a year- long research project conducted by our team of former top law enforcement, intelligence, and counterterrorism officials. We traveled around the world, from Malaysia to Kenya to Norway to Northern Ireland to the United States, studying extremist and terrorist groups and interviewing their members, as well as those in government and other important stakeholders responsible for tackling the problem. As you will see from our “Findings,” we’ve put together some essential lessons. One of the most important takeaways is understanding the pattern(s) behind group recruitment. Terrorist and extremist groups first prey on local grievances—exploiting feelings of anger, humiliation, resentment, or lack of purpose. They then incorporate, into their violent pronouncements, conspiratorial messages that blame those they are targeting. Self-proclaimed religious groups use distorted religious edicts in their narratives. Recruiters achieve success by providing both answers and a sense of purpose to vulnerable individuals. -
2017 Trafficking in Persons Report
are often subjected to sex trafficking in Italy after accepting trafficking victims who were provided government shelter and JAMAICA promises of employment as dancers, singers, models, restaurant services, and increased awareness-raising efforts. However, the servers, or caregivers. Romanian and Albanian criminal groups government did not meet the minimum standards in several force Eastern European women and girls into commercial sex. key areas. The government did not hold complicit officials Nigerians represent 21 percent of victims, with numbers nearly accountable, publish a standard victim protection protocol, doubling in 2016 to approximately 7,500 victims. Nigerian or publish an annual report monitoring its efforts. women and girls are subjected to sex and labor trafficking through debt bondage and coercion through voodoo rituals. Men from Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe are subjected to forced labor through debt bondage in agriculture in southern Italy and in construction, house cleaning, hotels, and restaurants in the north. Chinese men and women are forced to work in textile factories in Milan, Prato, Rome, and Naples. Children subjected to sex trafficking, forced begging, and forced criminal activities are from Romania, Nigeria, Brazil, Morocco, and Italy, particularly Romani and Sinti boys who may have been born in Italy. Transgender individuals from Brazil and Argentina are subjected to sex trafficking in Italy. Unaccompanied children RECOMMENDATIONS FOR JAMAICA are at risk of trafficking, particularly boys from Somalia, Eritrea, Vigorously prosecute, convict, and punish traffickers, including Bangladesh, Egypt, and Afghanistan, who often work in shops, any officials complicit in sex or labor trafficking; increase bars, restaurants, and bakeries to repay smuggling debts. -
Jamaican Trafficking Victims and Failed to Provide JAMAICA Enforcement Officers on Trafficking Laws and Best Practices for Many of Them with Adequate Assistance
to victims. The government regularly updated a manual for law identified few Jamaican trafficking victims and failed to provide JAMAICA enforcement officers on trafficking laws and best practices for many of them with adequate assistance. assisting victims. The government coordinated an interagency working group to generate guidelines and procedures for victim identification and referral, as part of the creation of the JAMAICA TIER RANKING BY YEAR national plan. The government postponed publication of the plan until 2014 due to limited funds available for assistance in 2013. The government worked with NGOs to coordinate and implement anti-trafficking initiatives, but, unlike in prior years, did not conduct any evaluations in 2013. In cooperation with 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 municipalities, police, social services, and NGOs carried out local education campaigns aimed at reducing the demand for prostitution. The ministry of foreign affairs implemented regular RECOMMENDATIONS FOR JAMAICA: training programs for diplomatic officers deployed abroad and Vigorously prosecute, convict, and punish trafficking offenders, included modules on the prevention of trafficking in persons. including officials complicit in forced labor or sex trafficking; The government did not publish a systematic evaluation of its identify and assist more victims of forced labor and sex anti-trafficking efforts. In 2013, Italian authorities investigated trafficking, including prostituted Jamaican children; implement 281 illegal labor recruiters; unscrupulous -
TAIWAN (Tier 1) and Psychological Counseling Services to Approximately 30 Female Trafficking Victims in 2009
Protection a domestic worker. In addition, they require employment During the year, the government made modest progress contracts be issued by the Ministry of Interior and in protecting trafficking victims, while demonstrating contain standardized regulations regarding the provision improved partnerships with NGOs and international of monthly paychecks, clothing, food, medicine, living TAIWAN organizations to identify and provide services to quarters, and time off. Beyond prosecuting clients and victimized women and children. As it did in Damascus brothel proprietors, the government took no specific during the previous reporting period, the government actions to reduce the demand for commercial sex acts. donated building space for a trafficking victims’ shelter Syria is not a party to the 2000 UN TIP Protocol. in Aleppo, which opened in January 2010. These two shelters, operated by local NGOs, offered legal, medical, TAIWAN (Tier 1) and psychological counseling services to approximately 30 female trafficking victims in 2009. The government Taiwan is a destination, and to a much lesser extent, continued to lack procedures for identifying potential source and transit territory for men, women, and children victims among vulnerable populations; as a result, subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically forced victims of trafficking may have been arrested and prostitution and forced labor. Most trafficking victims in charged with prostitution or violating immigration laws Taiwan are workers from Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, before being deported or punished. There were reports, and the Philippines, employed through recruitment however, that some women arrested on such charges agencies and brokers to perform low-skilled work in and subsequently identified as victims of trafficking Taiwan’s manufacturing industries and as home caregivers were referred to shelters; this is a positive development. -
General Assembly Distr.: General 28 February 2011
United Nations A/HRC/16/44/Add.1 General Assembly Distr.: General 28 February 2011 English/French/Spanish only Human Rights Council Sixteenth session Agenda item 3 Promotion and protection of all human rights, civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights, including the right to development Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights defenders, Margaret Sekaggya Addendum Summary of cases transmitted to Governments and replies received* * The present document is being circulated in the languages of submission only, as it greatly exceeds the word limitations currently imposed by the relevant General Assembly resolutions. GE.11-11427 A/HRC/16/44/Add.1 Contents Paragraphs Page Introduction............................................................................................................. 1–3 5 Algeria ................................................................................................................ 4–33 5 Angola ................................................................................................................ 34–41 9 Argentina ................................................................................................................ 42–74 10 Austria ................................................................................................................ 75–89 15 Bahrain ................................................................................................................ 90–210 16 Bangladesh............................................................................................................. -
Exit Study-Report June-2020.Pdf
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 6 CHAPTER ONE: BACKGROUND 11 1.1 Context of the Study 11 1.2 Study Questions, Objectives, and Guiding Framework 13 CHAPTER TWO: METHODOLOGY 16 2.1 Recruitment of Participants and Sample 16 2.2 Ethical Considerations 18 2.3 Challenges and Limitations 19 CHAPTER THREE: PROSTITUTION UNDER INTERNATIONAL AND LEBANESE LAWS 21 3.1 States Obligations under International Human Rights Law 21 3.2 Prostitution under Lebanon's Domestic Laws and Regulations 23 CHAPTER FOUR: PROFILE AND BACKGROUND OF WOMEN 26 4.1 Socio-Demographics 26 4.2 Previous Experiences of Violence and Childhood Abuse 27 4.3 Pimped, Trafficked, and Groomed: Circumstances of Women's Entry into Prostitution 30 CHAPTER FIVE: RISKS FACED BY WOMEN IN PROSTITUTION AND THEIR STRATEGIES TO LIMIT HARM 34 5.1 Theft and Threats by Sex Buyers 34 5.2 Physical and Sexual Violence by Sex Buyers 36 5.3 Arrest and Assault by Authorities 37 5.4 Women's Self-defense and Strategies to Limit Harm 38 CHAPTER SIX: CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS TO EXITING PROSTITUTION 41 6.1 Inability to Find a Job and Lack of Educational Qualifications 41 6.2 Homelessness 42 6.3 Physical and Mental Health 42 6.4 Coercion and Violence by Traffickers and Pimps 44 6.5 Debts and Debt Bondage 45 6.6 Criminalization of the Victims of Prostitution and Trafficking 46 6.7 Lack of Legal and Residency Documentation 46 Exit: Challenges and Needs of Lebanese and Syrian Women in Prostitution CHAPTER SEVEN: NEEDS OF WOMEN IN PROSTITUTION AND PROTECTION GAPS 47 7.1 The Process of Exiting -
Southwestern Journal of International Law
SOUTHWESTERN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW VOLUME XXVI 2020 NUMBER 1 2019 SYMPOSIUM TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AFTER ARGENTINA’S AMIA BOMBING: JUSTICE VS. IMPUNITY ARTICLES Keynote Address: Inter-American Commission on Human Rights’ Observer at the AMIA Bombing Trial Claudio Grossman The Use of Evidence Provided by Intelligence Agencies in Terrorism Prosecutions: Challenges and Lessons Learned from Argentina’s AMIA Bombing Leonardo Filippini The AMIA Special Investigation Unit: An Overview of Its History and a Proposal for the Future Agustin Cavana Acting as Private Prosecutor in the AMIA Case Alberto L. Zuppi NOTES & COMMENTS Knocking Down the One-Room Brothel in Hong Kong Virginia Wong America’s Scarlet Letter: How International Law Supports the Removal and Preservation of Confederate Monuments as World Heritage of America’s Discriminatory History Blake Newman Nuclear Weapons and the Need for a No-First-Use Agreement Between the United States and South Korea For North Korea Ryan Chang SOUTHWESTERN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW VOLUME XXVI 2020 NUMBER 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2019 SYMPOSIUM - TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AFTER ARGENTINA’S AMIA BOMBING: JUSTICE VS. IMPUNITY KEYNOTE ADDRESS: INTER-AMERICAN COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS’ OBSERVER AT THE AMIA BOMBING TRIAL ............................................................ 1 Claudio Grossman ARTICLES THE USE OF EVIDENCE PROVIDED BY INTELLIGENCE AGENCIES IN TERRORISM PROSECUTIONS: CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNED FROM ARGENTINA’S AMIA BOMBING ................................................................................. 11 Leonardo Filippini THE AMIA SPECIAL INVESTIGATION UNIT: AN OVERVIEW OF ITS HISTORY AND A PROPOSAL FOR THE FUTURE ........................................................................ 39 Agustín Cavana ACTING AS PRIVATE PROSECUTOR IN THE AMIA CASE ...................................... 83 Alberto L. Zuppi NOTES & COMMENTS KNOCKING DOWN THE ONE-ROOM BROTHEL IN HONG KONG ........................ -
Human Trafficking in Kenya
HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN KENYA 4th DRAFT REPORT JUNE, 2015 Copyright© 2015 by National Crime Research Centre Nairobi; Printed in Kenya Part of this publication may be copied for use in research and education purposes provided that the source is acknowledged. This publication may not be produced for other purposes without prior permission from the National Crime Research Centre ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This report has been made possible through colossal contribution from various individuals and organizations. The National Crime Research Centre (NCRC) wishes to thank the government for allocating funds to the Centre for the realization of the core mandate of carrying out research into the causes of crime and its prevention. The Centre appreciates the authority to conduct the study granted by and participation in interviews of agencies and their members in the criminal justice system. The findings and recommendations of the study are timely and for all intents and purposes will assist in addressing human trafficking menace with a view to achieving a crime free society. The Centre would like to recognize members of the Governing Council under the chairmanship of Prof. Githu Muigai and the Research and Development Committee of the Council under the chairmanship of Dr. Beneah Mutsotso for their dedication and support in approving the implementation funds and offering research guidance. This has immensely contributed to the implementation of the study, improvement of the quality and production of the report of the study. The Centre is grateful for the service and contribution of its staff and particularly the researchers Mr. Stephen M. Muteti (Principal Researcher) and Mr. -
A Critique of the Global Trafficking Discourse and U.S. Policy
The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare Volume 34 Issue 4 December Article 4 2007 A Critique of the Global Trafficking Discourse and U.S.olicy P Moshoula Capous Desyllas Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw Part of the Gender and Sexuality Commons, Public Policy Commons, and the Social Work Commons Recommended Citation Desyllas, Moshoula Capous (2007) "A Critique of the Global Trafficking Discourse and U.S.olicy P ," The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare: Vol. 34 : Iss. 4 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw/vol34/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you by the Western Michigan University School of Social Work. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A Critique of the Global Trafficking Discourse and U.S. Policy MOSHOULA CAPOUS DESYLLAS Portland State University School of Social Work This article examines the dominant discourse on trafficking in per- sons and the implementation of international and U.S. policy to address trafficking globally. Features of the United Nations Pro- tocol and the Trafficking in Victims Protection Act demonstrate how trafficking frameworks currently in place contain underly- ing fears of migration and female sexuality. The implications of policy on the construction of third world women as "victims to be saved" through governments, National Government Organiza- tions,feminists and the media will show how these misrespresenta- tions only reinforce racism and dualistic simplifications of a com- plex issue. An emphasis is placed on the importance of women's agency and the possibility of multiple realities. An alternative way of thinking about human trafficking and related policy through a labor rights, migration and human rights framework is proposed.