DOCSLIB.ORG

Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime 2 Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime 3 Fondation SCELLES Under the Direction of Yves Charpenel Deputy General Prosecutor of the Supreme Court of France President of the Fondation Scelles Sexual Exploitation Prostitution and Organized Crime ECONOMICA 49, rue Héricart, 75015 Paris 4 Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime « The proceeds from the sale of this book will be given directly to the Fondation Scelles » Translated from the original French Edition Exploitation sexuelle – Prostitution et crime organisé © Ed. Economica 2012 Translation copyright © Ed. ECONOMICA, 2012 All reproduction, translation, execution and adaptation rights are reserved for all countries Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime 5 Excerpt from the Dictionary of the French Academy PROSTITUTION n. 13 th century, meaning of "debauchery"; 18 th century, the current meaning. From the Latin prostitutio , "prostitution, desecration." The act of having sexual relations in exchange for payment; activity consisting in practicing regularly such relations. The law does not prohibit prostitution, only soliciting and procuring. Entering into prostitution. A prostitution network. Clandestine, occasional prostitution . ANCIENT MEANING. Sacred prostitution , practiced by the female servants of the goddesses of love or fertility in certain temples and for the profit of these goddesses, in some countries of the Middle East and of the Mediterranean. The Aphrodite temple, in Corinth, was a place where sacred prostitution was practiced . Fig. Degradation, defilement to which one consents by desire of goods, honors, etc. He refuses to prostitute his talent. The prostitution of the awareness . 6 Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime 7 Acknowledgements This publication is the result of the work of a research team from the CRIDES (Center for International Research and Documentation of Sexual Exploitation), an auxiliary organization of the Fondation Scelles, and of external collaborators. We wish to warmly thank them for their work: Researchers from the Fondation Scelles and the CRIDES: Aurélie Bezault, Frédéric Boisard, Samantha Brazill, Geunmin Cha, Yves Charpenel, Catherine Goldmann, AnnPôl Kassis, Ina Mihaylova, Anne Pascal, Alice Pfister, Isaure Revel, Yves Scelles, Devony Schmidt, Hassan Sefrioui, François Vignaud. External collaborators: Myriam Quémener, Magistrate, Deputy State Counsel responsible for the Criminal pole at the French court of first instance in civil and criminal matters of Créteil ( Cyber-prostitution ) Francis Stoliaroff, Senior Assistant State Counsel responsible for the Directorate of criminal affairs and pardons of the French Ministry of Justice, of the negotiation and the transposition of the international penal norms ( Organized crime and money generated by prostitution ) Marta Torrès-Scelles, Lawyer ( Spain - with the collaboration of the APRAMP ; Prohibiting the purchase of sexual services ) Dominique Charpenel, Psychologist responsible for the reception of human trafficking victims within the EACPs (Equipes d’Action Contre le Proxénétisme) ( Choices of prostitution, topics, and variations; Health and prostitution ). The Review committee , comprising some members of the Board of Directors of the Fondation Scelles and external collaborators, for their participation and their important observations. Our translation team : Fiona Connors, Ashley Doyle, Liv Gudmundson, Briana Murphy, Christine O’Neill, Nina Oberman, Daniel Rios, Anna Skipper and Marie-Claire Verniengeal. Coordinator of the book: Sandra Ayad, Head of the CRIDES 8 Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime 9 Summary Preface .......................................................................................................................................... 11 Foreword ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Prostitution Around the World: Lessons From The News ..................................................... 15 Methodological note .................................................................................................................... 19 Some remarks .............................................................................................................................. 21 2011 COUNTRIES ’ PANORAMA ..................................................................................................... 23 Albania....................................................................................................................................... 25 Argentina ................................................................................................................................... 31 Australia..................................................................................................................................... 37 Austria ....................................................................................................................................... 44 Belgium ..................................................................................................................................... 50 Brazil ......................................................................................................................................... 55 Bulgaria ..................................................................................................................................... 61 Cambodia ................................................................................................................................... 68 Canada ....................................................................................................................................... 73 China .......................................................................................................................................... 80 Congo (Democratic Republic of) .............................................................................................. 87 Croatia ....................................................................................................................................... 90 Cuba ........................................................................................................................................... 94 Cyprus ........................................................................................................................................ 98 Czech Republic ........................................................................................................................ 102 Dominican Republic ................................................................................................................ 107 Egypt ........................................................................................................................................ 112 France ...................................................................................................................................... 116 Germany .................................................................................................................................. 121 Greece ...................................................................................................................................... 129 Guatemala ................................................................................................................................ 133 Haiti ......................................................................................................................................... 138 Hungary ................................................................................................................................... 142 India ......................................................................................................................................... 147 Iraq ........................................................................................................................................... 155 Ireland ...................................................................................................................................... 159 10 Sexual Exploitation: Prostitution and Organized Crime Israel ........................................................................................................................................ 164 Italy .......................................................................................................................................... 170 Japan ........................................................................................................................................ 177 Latvia ....................................................................................................................................... 182 Lebanon ................................................................................................................................... 186 Madagascar .............................................................................................................................. 191 Mexico ..................................................................................................................................... 196 Moldova ..................................................................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Chapter 30B Manual: Procuring Supplies, Services and Real Property
    Notice This manual supersedes the 2014 edition of The Chapter 30B Manual. The contents of older editions may not reflect current law or interpretations of the Office of the Inspector General. You may download this manual from our website at www.mass.gov/ig or purchase copies from the State Bookstore, Room 116, State House, Boston, MA 02133, (617) 727-2834. Massachusetts Office of the Inspector General Address: Room 1311 John McCormack State Office Building One Ashburton Place Boston, MA 02108 Contact Information: (617) 727 - 9140 (Main Office) (617) 722 - 8838 (Chapter 30B) (617) 727 - 9140 (MCPPO Program) (800) 322 - 1323 (Confidential 24-Hour Hotline) (617) 723 - 2334 (FAX) www.mass.gov/ig Copyright 2016 by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts Office of the Inspector General, Boston, Massachusetts All rights reserved First edition published 1990, revised 1995, 1998, 2000, 2006, 2011, 2014, 2016 Printed on recycled paper November 2016 Dear Reader: I am pleased to issue this updated edition of The Chapter 30B Manual: Procuring Supplies, Services and Real Property. The manual is one component of the Office of the Inspector General’s ongoing efforts to prevent fraud, waste and abuse in the expenditure of public funds. It provides comprehensive guidance and information about complying with the Uniform Procurement Act, M.G.L. c. 30B (Chapter 30B). This new edition of the manual incorporates statutory changes to Chapter 30B that are effective November 7, 2016, including the new thresholds and requirements in Chapter 218 of the Acts of 2016, An Act Modernizing Municipal Finance and Government. It also includes updated forms and checklists, as well as practical advice on conducting a wide range of procurements.
    [Show full text]
  • Migrant Smuggling in Asia
    Migrant Smuggling in Asia An Annotated Bibliography August 2012 2 Knowledge Product: !"#$%&'()!*##+"&#("&(%)"% An Annotated Bibliography Printed: Bangkok, August 2012 Authorship: United Nations O!ce on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) Copyright © 2012, UNODC e-ISBN: 978-974-680-330-4 "is publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-pro#t purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNODC would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations O!ce on Drugs and Crime. Applications for such permission, with a statement of purpose and intent of the reproduction, should be addressed to UNODC, Regional Centre for East Asia and the Paci#c. Cover photo: Courtesy of OCRIEST Product Feedback: Comments on the report are welcome and can be sent to: Coordination and Analysis Unit (CAU) Regional Centre for East Asia and the Paci#c United Nations Building, 3 rd Floor Rajdamnern Nok Avenue Bangkok 10200, "ailand Fax: +66 2 281 2129 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.unodc.org/eastasiaandpaci#c/ UNODC gratefully acknowledges the #nancial contribution of the Government of Australia that enabled the research for and the production of this publication. Disclaimers: "is report has not been formally edited. "e contents of this publication do not necessarily re$ect the views or policies of UNODC and neither do they imply any endorsement.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysing Prostitution Through Dissident Sexualities in Brazil
    Contexto Internacional vol. 40(3) Sep/Dec 2018 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-8529.2018400300006 Queering the Debate: Analysing Prostitution Through Dissident Pereira & Freitas Sexualities in Brazil Amanda Álvares Ferreira* Abstract: The aim of this article is to contrast prominent discourses on prostitution and human trafficking to the context of prostitution in Brazil and local feminist discourses on this matter, un- derstanding their contradictions and limitations. I look at Brazilian transgender prostitutes’ experi- ences to address an agency-related question that underlies feminist theorizations of prostitution: can prostitution be freely chosen? Is it necessarily exploitative? My argument is that discourses on sex work, departing from sex trafficking debates, are heavily engaged in a heteronormative logic that might be unable to approach the complexity and ambiguity of experiences of transgender prostitutes and, therefore, cannot theorize their possibilities of agency. To do so, I will conduct a critique of the naturalization of gender norms that hinders an understanding of experiences that exceed the binary ‘prostitute versus victim.’ I argue how both an abolitionist as well as a legalising solution to the is- sues involved in the sex market, when relying on the state as the guarantor of rights to sex workers, cannot account for the complexities of a context such as the Brazilian one, in which specific concep- tions of citizenship permit violence against sexually and racially marked groups to occur on such a large scale. Keywords: Gender; Prostitution; Sex Trafficking; Queer Theory; Feminism; Travestis. Introduction ‘Prostitution’ as an object of study can be approached through different perspectives that try to pin down exactly what are the social and political problems involved in it, and therefore how it can be dealt with by the State.
    [Show full text]
  • Emancipating Modern Slaves: the Challenges of Combating the Sex
    Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2013 Emancipating Modern Slaves: The hC allenges of Combating the Sex Trade Rachel Mann Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Inequality and Stratification Commons, and the Political Science Commons Recommended Citation Mann, Rachel, "Emancipating Modern Slaves: The hC allenges of Combating the Sex Trade" (2013). Honors Theses. 700. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/700 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. EMANCIPATING MODERN SLAVES: THE CHALLENGES OF COMBATING THE SEX TRADE By Rachel J. Mann * * * * * * * * * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of Political Science UNION COLLEGE June, 2013 ABSTRACT MANN, RACHEL Emancipating Modern Slaves: The Challenges of Combating the Sex Trade, June 2013 ADVISOR: Thomas Lobe The trafficking and enslavement of women and children for sexual exploitation affects millions of victims in every region of the world. Sex trafficking operates as a business, where women are treated as commodities within a global market for sex. Traffickers profit from a supply of vulnerable women, international demand for sex slavery, and a viable means of transporting victims. Globalization and the expansion of free market capitalism have increased these factors, leading to a dramatic increase in sex trafficking. Globalization has also brought new dimensions to the fight against sex trafficking.
    [Show full text]
  • Lecturers' Bio Notes
    Migration: Educational, Political and Cultural Aspects Beit Berl College 18-19 March 2019 Lecturers’ Bio Notes Steering Committee: Prof. Amos Hofman (Chairperson), Prof. Kussai Haj-Yehia, Dr. Orit Abuhav, Dr. Liat Yakhnich, Dr. Merav Nakar-Sadi, Dr. Adi Binhas, Dr. Ronit Web- man-Shafran, Dr. Saami Mahajna, Anat Benson Note: Bio-notes are listed alphabetically. They are presented as provided by the authors, with only minor editing. Alter, Grit Innsbruck University [email protected] Dr Grit Alter received her Ph.D. from the Münster University (Germany) in 2015. She currently holds a post-doc position at the School of Education/Department of Foreign Language Teacher Education at Innsbruck University (Austria). Her research interests include literature for young readers in foreign language education, CEF-based lit- erary competences, and concepts of cultural learning, textbook analysis, critical media literacy and means of differentiation in ELT. Arar, Khalid Al-Qasemi Academic College of Education [email protected] Prof. Khalid Arar, specializes in research on educational administration, leadership and policy analysis in education and higher education. He conducted studies in the Middle-East, Europe and in North America and in many other cross-national con- texts. His research focuses broadly in equity and diversity in educational leadership and higher education. He serves as associate editor for the International Journal of Leadership (Routledge). Dr. Arar is a board member of International Journal of Educational Management, Higher Education Policy, Journal of Educa- tion Administration & Applied Research in Higher Education. He authored Arab women in management and leadership (2013, Palgrave); Higher Education among the Palestinian Minority in Israel (2016, Pal- grave, with Kussai Haj-Yehia); and edited six different books in Higher Education, Multicultural Educa- tion, and Educational Leadership.
    [Show full text]
  • The French Law of April 13 2016 Aimed at Strengthening the Fight Against the Prostitutional System and Providing Support For
    The French law of April 13 2016 aimed at strengthening the fight against the prostitutional system and providing support for prostituted persons Principles, goals, measures and adoption of a historic law. 1 CAP international, March 2017 www.cap-international.org Authors: Grégoire Théry, Executive director of CAP international Claudine Legardinier, Journalist Graphic design: micheletmichel.com Translation: Caroline Degorce Contents Presentation of the law of April 13, 2016 > Introduction ................................................................................................................................................p.5 > Content of the law ....................................................................................................................................p.5 French law following the adoption of the new Act > The fight against procuring and pimping .......................................................................................p.8 > Prohibition of the purchase of sex acts .......................................................................................... p.9 > Protection, access to rights and exit policy for victims of prostitution, pimping and trafficking .......................................................................................................................p.10 The spirit of the law > Philosophical foundation ....................................................................................................................p.13 > Adoption of the parliamentary resolution of December
    [Show full text]
  • Trafficking of Women and Children for Sexual Exploitation in the Americas
    Trafficking of Women and Children for Sexual Exploitation in the Americas Women, Health and Development Program Pan-American Health Organization Women, Health and Development Program Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation TRAFFICKING OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN FOR SEXUAL EXPLOITATION IN THE AMERICAS prepared by Alison Phinney for the Inter-American Commission of Women (Organization of American States) and the Women, Health and Development Program (Pan American Health Organization) CONTENTS INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………........... 1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK…………………………………………………………............ 1 TRAFFICKING IN THE AMERICAS........................................................................................... 3 TRAFFIKCING AND HUMAN RIGHTS............................................................................... 4 TRAFFICKING AND HEALTH.................................................................................................. 4 THE LEGAL CONTEXT........................................................................................................ 6 WHAT IS BEING DONE?..................................................................................................... 7 REFERENCES..................................................................................................................... 9 Women, Health and Development Program Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation “We came to the United States to find a better future, not to be prostitutes. No woman or child would want to be a sex slave and endure the evil that I have
    [Show full text]
  • Contrasting the Conceptualisation of Victims of Trafficking for Sexual Exploitation: a Case Study of Brazilians in Spain and Portugal
    Contrasting the conceptualisation of victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation: a case study of Brazilians in Spain and Portugal Abstract Despite the significant emphasis given to the trafficking of Brazilians to the sex industry of the Iberian Peninsula, the concepts of “victim of trafficking for sexual exploitation” used in these three countries vary. This article analyses the positions of Brazil, Spain and Portugal regarding the conceptualisation of “trafficking victim,” focusing on their legislation and policies, as well as on relevant narratives which show how these policies are being applied. It showcases how the incompatible definitions being used compromise genuine anti-trafficking actions and may be an indicator that stopping trafficking may not be the primary concern of the policies developed by these governments. Keywords Brazil; Human trafficking; Portugal; Spain; Trafficking victim; Trafficking policy Pérez, J.L. (2014). Contrasting the conceptualisation of victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation: a case study of Brazilians in Spain and Portugal. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research. doi: 10.1007/s10610-014-9265-3 This is a pre-print version of the published article. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10610-014-9265-3. Contrasting the conceptualisation of victims of trafficking for sexual exploitation: a case study of Brazilians in Spain and Portugal Introduction Brazil is considered one of the major source countries of women who are trafficked to the European Union (EU) for sexual exploitation. Among the receiving states, Portugal and Spain, countries with which it has strong historical and cultural ties, have held at times some of the largest declared numbers and percentages of its victims (Ministério da Justiça 2011).
    [Show full text]
  • Institutional Approaches to the Rehabilitation of Survivors of Sex Trafficking in India and Nepal
    University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 6-1-2010 Rescued, Rehabilitated, Returned: Institutional Approaches to the Rehabilitation of Survivors of Sex Trafficking in India and Nepal Robynne A. Locke University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Locke, Robynne A., "Rescued, Rehabilitated, Returned: Institutional Approaches to the Rehabilitation of Survivors of Sex Trafficking in India and Nepal" (2010). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 378. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/378 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. RESCUED, REHABILITATED, RETURNED: INSTITUTIONAL APPROACHES TO THE REHABILITATION OF SURVIVORS OF SEX TRAFFICKING IN INDIA AND NEPAL __________ A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Social Sciences University of Denver __________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts __________ by Robynne A. Locke June 2010 Advisor: Richard Clemmer-Smith, Phd ©Copyright by Robynne A. Locke 2010 All Rights Reserved Author: Robynne A. Locke Title: Institutional Approaches to the Rehabilitation of Survivors of Trafficking in India and Nepal Advisor: Richard Clemmer-Smith Degree Date: June 2010 Abstract Despite participating in rehabilitation programs, many survivors of sex trafficking in India and Nepal are re-trafficked, ‘voluntarily’ re-enter the sex industry, or become traffickers or brothel managers themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright by Sean R. Tiffee 2013
    Copyright by Sean R. Tiffee 2013 The Dissertation Committee for Sean R. Tiffee Certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: Trauma and the Rhetoric of Horror Films: The Rise of Torture Porn in a Post Nine-Eleven World Committee: ____________________________________ Joshua Gunn, Supervisor ____________________________________ Katherine Arens ____________________________________ Barry Brummett ____________________________________ Richard Cherwitz ____________________________________ Dana Cloud Trauma and the Rhetoric of Horror Films: The Rise of Torture Porn in a Post Nine-Eleven World by Sean R. Tiffee, B.A.; M.A. Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The University of Texas at Austin August, 2013 Dedication To my family, for always being there. Acknowledgements If I were to list every person who helped me on my journey towards the completion of my Ph.D., this section would be longer than the dissertation itself. Although I want to thank everyone, these limitations require me to note only those whose support was instrumental, endless, and tireless. First and foremost, I want to thank my advisor, Joshua Gunn. Josh’s patience, diligence, and guidance are unmatched and I am truly blessed to be one of his advisees. Mere words are not capable of expressing how much I appreciate his efforts and his meticulous attention to detail pushed me to produce the very best work that I could. He is someone that I am proud to call a mentor and humbled to call a friend. I would also like to thank the other members of my dissertation committee.
    [Show full text]
  • Explaining Destination Countries of Human Trafficking With
    EXPLAINING DESTINATION COUNTRIES OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING WITH FACTORS RELEVANT TO TRAFFICKERS by Gabrielle Denae Boliou A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Political Science Boise State University May 2018 © 2018 Gabrielle Denae Boliou ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BOISE COUNTRY UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COLLEGE DEFENSE COMMITTEE AND FINAL READING APPROVALS of the thesis submitted by Gabrielle Denae Boliou Thesis Title: Explaining Destination Countries of Human Trafficking with Factors Relevant to Traffickers Date of Final Oral Examination: 28 February 2018 The following individuals read and discussed the thesis submitted by student Gabrielle Denae Boliou, and they evaluated her presentation and response to questions during the final oral examination. They found that the student passed the final oral examination. Brian Wampler, Ph.D. Chair, Supervisory Committee Michael Allen, Ph.D. Member, Supervisory Committee Ross Burkhart, Ph.D. Member, Supervisory Committee The final reading approval of the thesis was granted by Brian Wampler, Ph.D., Chair of the Supervisory Committee. The thesis was approved by the Graduate College. DEDICATION “Is not this the kind of fasting I have chosen: to loose the chains of injustice and untie the cords of the yoke, to set the oppressed free and break every yoke?” – Isaiah 58:6 To everyone I know who chooses to make a difference. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank Dr. Wampler, Dr. Allen, and Dr. Burkhart for guiding me through this research and for pushing me to find real answers. I would like to thank my family for letting me learn from each of them and never doubting me.
    [Show full text]
  • THE LEGALIZATION of PROSTITUTION: a Violation of International Law Dianne Post 1826 E Willetta St Phoenix, AZ 85006-3047 602-271-9019 Pho/Fax Email
    THE LEGALIZATION OF PROSTITUTION: A Violation of International Law Dianne Post 1826 E Willetta St Phoenix, AZ 85006-3047 602-271-9019 pho/fax email: [email protected] www.diannepost.net www.diannepost.com October 2010 Introduction ―The prostitution of women and girls for profit is one of the fastest growing global enterprises, …‖1 It is now ranked by the United Nations as number two in international crime, tied with illegal arms sales and only trailing illegal drug sales. 2 “ Trafficking in women and children is a growing worldwide problem that needs to be tackled on a global and national level. Women and children are particularly vulnerable to this modern form of slavery. Of the estimated 600,000 to 800,000 people trafficked across international borders each year approximately 80 percent are women and girls and up to 50 percent are minors. The rate of paid-for sex with women has doubled in a decade, reveals research in Sexually Transmitted Infections. The findings are based on the results of two national surveys of 11,000 British adults in 1990 and 2000 (Natsal). Respondents were asked about their sexual lifestyles and attitudes to sex. Men were asked if they had ever paid for sex. In 1990, 5.6 percent of the men said they had paid for sex at some time during their lives, with two percent saying they had done this within the previous five years, and 0.5 percent within the past year. Ten years later, the comparable figures were twice as high.3 The increase in trafficking and prostitution coincides with more countries suggesting that legalization and thus normalization of prostitution is permissible.
    [Show full text]