Cassini/Huygens Program Archieve Plan for Science Data
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The Contribution of Global Ocean Observation of Continuity of HY-2
CGMS-XXXVI-CNSA-WP-04 Prepared by CNSA Agenda Item: III/3&4 The contribution of global ocean observation of continuity of HY-2 satellite HY-2 satellite, an ocean dynamic environment observation satellite, mainly ` objective is monitoring and detecting the parameters of ocean dynamic environment. These parameters include sea surface wind fields, sea surface height, wave height, gravity field, ocean circulation and sea surface temperature etc. The contribution of global ocean observation of continuity of HY-2 satellite 1. Introduction HY-2 satellite scatterometer provides sea surface wind fields, which can offset the observation gap of the plan of global scatterometer. At the same time, HY-2 satellite altimeter provides sea surface height, significant wave height, sea surface wind speed and polar ice sheet elevation, which can offset the observation gap of the plan of global altimeter around 2012, and can offset the observation gap of JASON-1&2 at polar area. More details as follows. 2. Observation of sea surface wind fields The analysis accuracy of wind field for ocean-atmosphere can improve 10-20% by using the satellite scatterometer data, by which can improve greatly the quality of initial wind field of numerical atmospheric forecast model in coastal ocean. Satellite scatterometer data has play important role on study of large-scale ocean phenomenon, such as sea-air interactions, ocean circulation, EI Nino etc. The figure 1 shows that QuikSCAT scatterometer has operational application in 1999, but it has not the following plan. ERS-2 scatterometer mission has transferred to METOP ASCAT in 2006. GCOM-B1 will launch in 2008, one of its payloads is an ocean vector wind measurement (OVWM) instruments, and it also called AlphaScat. -
In Brief Modified to Increase Engine Reliability
r bulletin 102 — may 2000 3rd Space Station ESA, together with a European industrial Element to be Launched consortium headed by DaimlerChrysler (D) and including Belgian, Dutch and French NASA and the Russian Aviation and partners, was responsible for the design, Space Agency (Rosaviakosmos) plan that development and delivery of the core data the next component of the International management system, which provides Space Station (ISS) – the Zvezda service Zvezda’s main computer. module – will be launched on 12 July from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. ESA also has a contract with Rosaviakosmos and RSC-Energia for Following a Joint Programme Review and performing system and interface a General Designers’ Review in Moscow, it integration tasks required for docking with was agreed that Zvezda (Russian for Zvezda by ESA’s Automated Transfer ‘star’) will be launched by a Proton rocket Vehicle (ATV), which will be used for ISS with the second and third stage engines re-boost and logistics support missions In Brief modified to increase engine reliability. from 2003 onwards. Through its ATV industrial consortium led by Aerospatiale Zvezda will provide the early living quarters Matra Lanceurs (F), ESA is also procuring for ISS crew, together with the life sup- some Russian hardware and software for port, electrical power distribution, data use with the ATV. management, flight control, and propul- sion systems for the ISS. On the scientific side, ESA has concluded contracts with Rosaviakosmos and RSC- Energia for the conduct of scientific experiments on Zvezda, including the Global Timing System (GTS) and a radiobiology experiment (called Matroshka) to monitor and analyse radiation doses in ISS crew. -
JUICE Red Book
ESA/SRE(2014)1 September 2014 JUICE JUpiter ICy moons Explorer Exploring the emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Definition Study Report European Space Agency 1 This page left intentionally blank 2 Mission Description Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer Key science goals The emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants Characterise Ganymede, Europa and Callisto as planetary objects and potential habitats Explore the Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants Payload Ten instruments Laser Altimeter Radio Science Experiment Ice Penetrating Radar Visible-Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph Imaging System Magnetometer Particle Package Submillimetre Wave Instrument Radio and Plasma Wave Instrument Overall mission profile 06/2022 - Launch by Ariane-5 ECA + EVEE Cruise 01/2030 - Jupiter orbit insertion Jupiter tour Transfer to Callisto (11 months) Europa phase: 2 Europa and 3 Callisto flybys (1 month) Jupiter High Latitude Phase: 9 Callisto flybys (9 months) Transfer to Ganymede (11 months) 09/2032 – Ganymede orbit insertion Ganymede tour Elliptical and high altitude circular phases (5 months) Low altitude (500 km) circular orbit (4 months) 06/2033 – End of nominal mission Spacecraft 3-axis stabilised Power: solar panels: ~900 W HGA: ~3 m, body fixed X and Ka bands Downlink ≥ 1.4 Gbit/day High Δv capability (2700 m/s) Radiation tolerance: 50 krad at equipment level Dry mass: ~1800 kg Ground TM stations ESTRAC network Key mission drivers Radiation tolerance and technology Power budget and solar arrays challenges Mass budget Responsibilities ESA: manufacturing, launch, operations of the spacecraft and data archiving PI Teams: science payload provision, operations, and data analysis 3 Foreword The JUICE (JUpiter ICy moon Explorer) mission, selected by ESA in May 2012 to be the first large mission within the Cosmic Vision Program 2015–2025, will provide the most comprehensive exploration to date of the Jovian system in all its complexity, with particular emphasis on Ganymede as a planetary body and potential habitat. -
On the Use of Scatterometer Winds in Nwp
ON THE USE OF SCATTEROMETER WINDS IN NWP Ad Stoffelen KNMI, de Bilt, the Netherlands, Email: [email protected] Lars Isaksen, Didier le Meur ECMWF, Reading, UK ABSTRACT Over the last years the processing of ERS scatterometer winds has been refined. Subsequently, High Resolution Limited Area Model, HIRLAM, and ECMWF model data assimilation experiments have been carried out to assess the impact of one scatterometer, ERS-1 and of two scatterometers, ERS-1 and ERS-2, on the analyses and forecasts. We found that scatterometer winds have a clear and beneficial impact in the data assimilation cycle and on the forecasts. Furthermore, ECMWF has shown that ERS scatterometer data improve the prediction of tropical cyclones in 4Dvar, where unprecedented skillful medium-range forecasts result of potential large social-economic value. Nevertheless, scatterometer winds contain much sub-synoptic scale information where the smallest scales resolved are difficult to assimilate into a Numerical Weather Prediction, NWP, model. This is mainly due to the otherwise general sparsity of the observing system over the ocean. In line with this it is found that scatterometer data coverage is very important for obtaining a large impact. In that respect future scatterometer systems such as SeaWinds on QuikSCAT and ADEOS- II, and ASCAT on EPS are promising. 1. INTRODUCTION After the launch of ERS-1 much improvement has been made in the interpretation of scatterometer backscatter measurements and a good quality wind product has emerged (Stoffelen and Anderson, 1997a, 1997b and 1997c). The consistency of the scatterometer winds over the swath makes them particularly useful for nowcasting purposes and several examples of the usefulness of the direct visual presentation of scatterometer winds to a meteorologist can be given. -
From the Hubble Space Telescope
Teacher’s Guide From the Hubble Space Telescope Exploring Space and Cyberspace An electronic field trip via interactive television and on-line networks into America’s classrooms Project Notes Programs and Initial Air Dates and Times Contingency Announcement Program 2 Making YOUR Observations Field research on a scientific frontier is March 14, 1996, 13:00-14:00 Eastern inherently unpredictable. Even traditional school trips are subject to weather and dis- Program 3 Announcing YOUR Results ruptions. An electronic field trip is no dif- Live from the Hubble Space April 23, 1996, 13:00-14:00 Eastern ferent: the Telescope programs are dependent on the Please Note: HST operating normally, NASA’s Tracking and Data Relay Satellites being available, Program 1 The Great Planet Debate and all domestic satellite links holding (see first aired November 9, 1995, as an introduction Activity 2D, page 24 below, for more to the entire project. (For videotapes, see below) background on how the electronic images get from Pluto to you!) The production Primary Satellite Coordinates team has put in place contingency plans for most eventualities. In the event of tempo- Ku-band: PBS K-12 Learning Services:Telstar 401, 97 degrees rary loss of signal, live programming will West, transponder 8, horizontal, 11915 Mhz, audio on 6.2 and 6.8 continue from ground sites, interspersed Please note: this refers to carriage on the primary satellite used by PBS. Carriage on with pre-taped segments. the satellite itself does not guarantee broadcast by any individual PBS station. Please Register for on-line Live from the check local listings well in advance of air time to verify local arrangements! An on-line Hubble Space Telescope updates or check listing of confirmed carriage by local stations and educational networks will be acces- our Web site: sible between March 1, 1996 and April 23, 1996. -
ASCAT – Metop's Advanced Scatterometer
ascat ASCAT – Metop’s Advanced Scatterometer R.V. Gelsthorpe Earth Observation Programmes Development Department, ESA Directorate of Application Programmes, ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands E. Schied Dornier Satelllitensysteme*, Friedrichshafen, Germany J.J.W. Wilson Eumetsat, Darmstadt, Germany Introduction Figure 1 indicates the form of the variation of Wind scatterometers already flown on ESA’s backscattering coefficient with relative wind ERS-1 and ERS-2 satellites have demonstrated direction (at a fixed incidence angle) for a range the value of such instruments for the global of wind speeds. determination of sea-surface wind vectors. These highly successful instruments – part of If an instrument were to be constructed that the Active Microwave Instrument (AMI) – were determined the sea-surface backscattering conceived about twenty years ago. During coefficient from a single look direction, the the intervening period, there has been a overlapping nature of the curves would limit considerable evolution in the capabilities of its capabilities to providing a rather coarse spaceborne hardware. estimate of wind speed and no information on wind direction. The earliest successful space- ASCAT is an advanced scatterometer that will fly as part of the borne wind scatterometer, that of Seasat, used payload of the Metop satellites, which in turn form part of the two dual-polarised antennas pointed at 45 and Eumetsat Polar System. It is developed by Dornier Satellitensysteme 135 deg with respect to the satellite’s direction under the leadership of Matra Marconi Space**, the satellite Prime of flight to determine sea-surface scattering Contractor, for ESA. From its polar orbit, ASCAT will measure sea- coefficients from two directions separated by surface winds in two 500 km wide swaths and will achieve global 90 deg. -
Cassini RADAR Sequence Planning and Instrument Performance Richard D
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING, VOL. 47, NO. 6, JUNE 2009 1777 Cassini RADAR Sequence Planning and Instrument Performance Richard D. West, Yanhua Anderson, Rudy Boehmer, Leonardo Borgarelli, Philip Callahan, Charles Elachi, Yonggyu Gim, Gary Hamilton, Scott Hensley, Michael A. Janssen, William T. K. Johnson, Kathleen Kelleher, Ralph Lorenz, Steve Ostro, Member, IEEE, Ladislav Roth, Scott Shaffer, Bryan Stiles, Steve Wall, Lauren C. Wye, and Howard A. Zebker, Fellow, IEEE Abstract—The Cassini RADAR is a multimode instrument used the European Space Agency, and the Italian Space Agency to map the surface of Titan, the atmosphere of Saturn, the Saturn (ASI). Scientists and engineers from 17 different countries ring system, and to explore the properties of the icy satellites. have worked on the Cassini spacecraft and the Huygens probe. Four different active mode bandwidths and a passive radiometer The spacecraft was launched on October 15, 1997, and then mode provide a wide range of flexibility in taking measurements. The scatterometer mode is used for real aperture imaging of embarked on a seven-year cruise out to Saturn with flybys of Titan, high-altitude (around 20 000 km) synthetic aperture imag- Venus, the Earth, and Jupiter. The spacecraft entered Saturn ing of Titan and Iapetus, and long range (up to 700 000 km) orbit on July 1, 2004 with a successful orbit insertion burn. detection of disk integrated albedos for satellites in the Saturn This marked the start of an intensive four-year primary mis- system. Two SAR modes are used for high- and medium-resolution sion full of remote sensing observations by a dozen instru- (300–1000 m) imaging of Titan’s surface during close flybys. -
Highlights in Space 2010
International Astronautical Federation Committee on Space Research International Institute of Space Law 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren c/o CNES 94 bis, Avenue de Suffren UNITED NATIONS 75015 Paris, France 2 place Maurice Quentin 75015 Paris, France Tel: +33 1 45 67 42 60 Fax: +33 1 42 73 21 20 Tel. + 33 1 44 76 75 10 E-mail: : [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Fax. + 33 1 44 76 74 37 URL: www.iislweb.com OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS URL: www.iafastro.com E-mail: [email protected] URL : http://cosparhq.cnes.fr Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law The United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs is responsible for promoting international cooperation in the peaceful uses of outer space and assisting developing countries in using space science and technology. United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs P. O. Box 500, 1400 Vienna, Austria Tel: (+43-1) 26060-4950 Fax: (+43-1) 26060-5830 E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.unoosa.org United Nations publication Printed in Austria USD 15 Sales No. E.11.I.3 ISBN 978-92-1-101236-1 ST/SPACE/57 *1180239* V.11-80239—January 2011—775 UNITED NATIONS OFFICE FOR OUTER SPACE AFFAIRS UNITED NATIONS OFFICE AT VIENNA Highlights in Space 2010 Prepared in cooperation with the International Astronautical Federation, the Committee on Space Research and the International Institute of Space Law Progress in space science, technology and applications, international cooperation and space law UNITED NATIONS New York, 2011 UniTEd NationS PUblication Sales no. -
Newsletter 110 ª June 2002 NEWSLETTER
Newsletter 110 ª June 2002 NEWSLETTER The American Astronomical Societys2000 Florida Avenue, NW, Suite 400sWashington, DC [email protected] AAS NEWS PRESIDENT’S COLUMN Wallerstein is Anneila I. Sargent, Caltech, [email protected] My term as President of the American Astronomical Society Russell Lecturer will end with our meeting in Albuquerque in June 2002. Usually This year, the AAS this letter would be the appropriate place to consider my bestows its highest honor, expectations and goals when I took up the gavel and compare the Henry Norris Russell these with what actually happened. Lectureship on George The events of 11 September 2001 caused me to write that kind Wallerstein, Professor of reflective letter in the December issue of this Newsletter.I Emeritus of Astronomy at won’t repeat myself here except to note that at that time there the University of seemed to be less enthusiasm to fund research in the physical Washington. Wallerstein is sciences than we had grown to expect when I took office. recognized in the award citation for “...his As I write this column, the prospects look much less bleak. In contributions to our another part of this Newsletter, Kevin Marvel discusses how understanding of the astronomy fared in the President’s FY ’03 budget request. George Wallerstein of the University of NASA’s Office of Space Science is doing very well indeed. In Washington will deliver his Russell Lecture abundances of the at the Seattle Meeting in January 2003. elements in stars and fact, the OSS budget has been increasing steadily since 1996 and clusters. -
MOONS of the SOLAR SYSTEM Europa Narrator: Ever Since Man First Looked Into the Heavens, the Most Intriguing Question Has Alway
MOONS OF THE SOLAR SYSTEM Europa Narrator: Ever since man first looked into the heavens, the most intriguing question has always been, "Are we alone?". An icy world, circling Jupiter, could answer that age old question. Professor Michele Dougherty: Moons in our Solar system are very important so that we can understand how they formed and what their interiors are made of, then we'll better understand how our planets formed, and so we'll better understand where we came from. Dr Lewis Dartnell: We now think that beneath the frozen shell of Europa there lies an ocean with more liquid water in it than al the seas and lakes and rivers and oceans for the whole of the Earth put together. And on Earth, where there's water there's life. Narrator: Europa first attracted attention back in the 1970s, when the Voyager spacecraft flew past Jupiter and took the first close up images of its moons. Dr David Rothery: The Voyager fly bys showed that Europa had a young surface and we already knew it was icy and we already knew that the ice couldn't be more than about a 100 kilometres thick. The question was, is it ice all the way the to the rock or is the ice sitting on top of some water? And because it looks like though the surface has moved around a little bit, a lot of people including Arthur C Clarke, the famous science fiction author, were suggesting there is water down there below the ice. Mission Audio: The spacecraft is stable. -
Leonid Gurvits JIVE and TU Delft June 3, 2021 ©Cristian Fattinanzi Piter Y Moons Xplorer
Leonid Gurvits JIVE and TU Delft June 3, 2021 ©Cristian Fattinanzi piter y moons xplorer Why a mission to Jupiter? Bits of history Mission challenges Where radio astronomy comes in • ~2000–2005: success of Cassini and Huygens missions (NASA, ESA, ASI) • 2006: Europlanet meeting in Berlin – “thinking aloud” on a Jovian mission • 2008: ESA-NASA jointly exploring a mission to giant planets’ satellites • ESA "Laplace" mission proposal (Blanc et al. 2009) • ESA Titan and Enceladus Mission (TandEM, Coustenis et al., 2009) • NASA Titan Explorer • 2009: two joint (ESA+NASA) concepts selected for further studies: • Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM) • Titan Saturn System Mission (TSSM: Coustenis et al., 2009) • 2010: EJSM-Laplace selected, consisting of two spacecraft: • ESA’s Jupiter Ganymede Orbiter (JGO) • NASA’s Jupiter Europa Orbiter (JEO) • 2012: NASA drops off; EJSM-Laplace/JGO becomes JUICE • 2013: JUICE payload selection completed by ESA; JUICE becomes an L-class mission of ESA’s Vision 2015-2025 • 2015: NASA selects Europa Clipper mission (Pappalardo et al., 2013) Voyager 1, 1979 ©NASA HOW DOES IT SEARCH FOR ORIGINS & WORK? LIFE FORMATION HABITABILITY Introduction Overarching questions JUICE JUICE Science Themes • Emergence of habitable worlds around gas giants • Jupiter system as an archetype for gas giants JUICE concept • European-led mission to the Jovian system • First orbiter of an icy moon • JGO/Laplace scenario with two Europa flybys and moderate-inclination phase at Jupiter • Science payload selected in Feb 2013, fully compatible -
The Future of Space Imaging
The FutureofSpaceImaging The Future of Space Imaging Report of a Community-Based Study of an Advanced Camera for the Hubble Space Telescope hen Lyman Spitzer first proposed a great, W earth-orbiting telescope in , the nuclear energy source of stars had been known for just six years. Knowledge of galaxies beyond our own and the understanding that our universe is expanding were only about twenty years of age in the human consciousness. The planet Pluto was seventeen. Quasars, black holes, gravitational lenses, and detection of the Big Bang were still in the future—together with much of what constitutes our current understanding of the solar system and the cos- mos beyond it. In , forty-seven years after it was conceived in a for- gotten milieu of thought, the Hubble Space Telescope is a reality. Today, the science of the Hubble attests to the forward momentum of astronomical exploration from ancient times. The qualities of motion and drive for knowledge it exemplifies are not fixed in an epoch or a gen- eration: most of the astronomers using Hubble today were not born when the idea of it was first advanced, and many were in the early stages of their education when the glass for its mirror was cast. The commitments we make today to the fu- ture of the Hubble observatory will equip a new generation of young men and women to explore the astronomical frontier at the start of the st century. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 FRONT & BACK COVER 1.Globular clusters containing young stars at the core of elliptical galaxy NGC 1275.