THESE TERMS GOVERN YOUR USE OF THIS DOCUMENT

Your use of this Geological Survey document (the “Content”) is governed by the terms set out on this page (“Terms of Use”). By downloading this Content, you (the “User”) have accepted, and have agreed to be bound by, the Terms of Use.

Content: This Content is offered by the Province of Ontario’s Ministry of Northern Development and Mines (MNDM) as a public service, on an “as-is” basis. Recommendations and statements of opinion expressed in the Content are those of the author or authors and are not to be construed as statement of government policy. You are solely responsible for your use of the Content. You should not rely on the Content for legal advice nor as authoritative in your particular circumstances. Users should verify the accuracy and applicability of any Content before acting on it. MNDM does not guarantee, or make any warranty express or implied, that the Content is current, accurate, complete or reliable. MNDM is not responsible for any damage however caused, which results, directly or indirectly, from your use of the Content. MNDM assumes no legal liability or responsibility for the Content whatsoever.

Links to Other Web Sites: This Content may contain links, to Web sites that are not operated by MNDM. Linked Web sites may not be available in French. MNDM neither endorses nor assumes any responsibility for the safety, accuracy or availability of linked Web sites or the information contained on them. The linked Web sites, their operation and content are the responsibility of the person or entity for which they were created or maintained (the “Owner”). Both your use of a linked Web site, and your right to use or reproduce information or materials from a linked Web site, are subject to the terms of use governing that particular Web site. Any comments or inquiries regarding a linked Web site must be directed to its Owner.

Copyright: Canadian and international intellectual property laws protect the Content. Unless otherwise indicated, copyright is held by the Queen’s Printer for Ontario.

It is recommended that reference to the Content be made in the following form: , . ; Ontario Geological Survey, , p.

Use and Reproduction of Content: The Content may be used and reproduced only in accordance with applicable intellectual property laws. Non-commercial use of unsubstantial excerpts of the Content is permitted provided that appropriate credit is given and Crown copyright is acknowledged. Any substantial reproduction of the Content or any commercial use of all or part of the Content is prohibited without the prior written permission of MNDM. Substantial reproduction includes the reproduction of any illustration or figure, such as, but not limited to graphs, charts and maps. Commercial use includes commercial distribution of the Content, the reproduction of multiple copies of the Content for any purpose whether or not commercial, use of the Content in commercial publications, and the creation of value-added products using the Content.

Contact:

FOR FURTHER PLEASE CONTACT: BY TELEPHONE: BY E-MAIL: INFORMATION ON The Reproduction of MNDM Publication Local: (705) 670-5691 Content Services Toll Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext. [email protected] 5691 (inside , United States) The Purchase of MNDM Publication Local: (705) 670-5691 MNDM Publications Sales Toll Free: 1-888-415-9845, ext. [email protected] 5691 (inside Canada, United States) Crown Copyright Queen’s Printer Local: (416) 326-2678 [email protected] Toll Free: 1-800-668-9938 (inside Canada, United States)

LES CONDITIONS CI-DESSOUS RÉGISSENT L'UTILISATION DU PRÉSENT DOCUMENT.

Votre utilisation de ce document de la Commission géologique de l'Ontario (le « contenu ») est régie par les conditions décrites sur cette page (« conditions d'utilisation »). En téléchargeant ce contenu, vous (l'« utilisateur ») signifiez que vous avez accepté d'être lié par les présentes conditions d'utilisation.

Contenu : Ce contenu est offert en l'état comme service public par le ministère du Développement du Nord et des Mines (MDNM) de la province de l'Ontario. Les recommandations et les opinions exprimées dans le contenu sont celles de l'auteur ou des auteurs et ne doivent pas être interprétées comme des énoncés officiels de politique gouvernementale. Vous êtes entièrement responsable de l'utilisation que vous en faites. Le contenu ne constitue pas une source fiable de conseils juridiques et ne peut en aucun cas faire autorité dans votre situation particulière. Les utilisateurs sont tenus de vérifier l'exactitude et l'applicabilité de tout contenu avant de l'utiliser. Le MDNM n'offre aucune garantie expresse ou implicite relativement à la mise à jour, à l'exactitude, à l'intégralité ou à la fiabilité du contenu. Le MDNM ne peut être tenu responsable de tout dommage, quelle qu'en soit la cause, résultant directement ou indirectement de l'utilisation du contenu. Le MDNM n'assume aucune responsabilité légale de quelque nature que ce soit en ce qui a trait au contenu.

Liens vers d'autres sites Web : Ce contenu peut comporter des liens vers des sites Web qui ne sont pas exploités par le MDNM. Certains de ces sites pourraient ne pas être offerts en français. Le MDNM se dégage de toute responsabilité quant à la sûreté, à l'exactitude ou à la disponibilité des sites Web ainsi reliés ou à l'information qu'ils contiennent. La responsabilité des sites Web ainsi reliés, de leur exploitation et de leur contenu incombe à la personne ou à l'entité pour lesquelles ils ont été créés ou sont entretenus (le « propriétaire »). Votre utilisation de ces sites Web ainsi que votre droit d'utiliser ou de reproduire leur contenu sont assujettis aux conditions d'utilisation propres à chacun de ces sites. Tout commentaire ou toute question concernant l'un de ces sites doivent être adressés au propriétaire du site.

Droits d'auteur : Le contenu est protégé par les lois canadiennes et internationales sur la propriété intellectuelle. Sauf indication contraire, les droits d'auteurs appartiennent à l'Imprimeur de la Reine pour l'Ontario. Nous recommandons de faire paraître ainsi toute référence au contenu : nom de famille de l'auteur, initiales, année de publication, titre du document, Commission géologique de l'Ontario, série et numéro de publication, nombre de pages.

Utilisation et reproduction du contenu : Le contenu ne peut être utilisé et reproduit qu'en conformité avec les lois sur la propriété intellectuelle applicables. L'utilisation de courts extraits du contenu à des fins non commerciales est autorisé, à condition de faire une mention de source appropriée reconnaissant les droits d'auteurs de la Couronne. Toute reproduction importante du contenu ou toute utilisation, en tout ou en partie, du contenu à des fins commerciales est interdite sans l'autorisation écrite préalable du MDNM. Une reproduction jugée importante comprend la reproduction de toute illustration ou figure comme les graphiques, les diagrammes, les cartes, etc. L'utilisation commerciale comprend la distribution du contenu à des fins commerciales, la reproduction de copies multiples du contenu à des fins commerciales ou non, l'utilisation du contenu dans des publications commerciales et la création de produits à valeur ajoutée à l'aide du contenu.

Renseignements :

POUR PLUS DE VEUILLEZ VOUS PAR TÉLÉPHONE : PAR COURRIEL : RENSEIGNEMENTS SUR ADRESSER À : la reproduction du Services de Local : (705) 670-5691 contenu publication du MDNM Numéro sans frais : 1 888 415-9845, [email protected] poste 5691 (au Canada et aux États-Unis) l'achat des Vente de publications Local : (705) 670-5691 publications du MDNM du MDNM Numéro sans frais : 1 888 415-9845, [email protected] poste 5691 (au Canada et aux États-Unis) les droits d'auteurs de Imprimeur de la Local : 416 326-2678 [email protected] la Couronne Reine Numéro sans frais : 1 800 668-9938 (au Canada et aux États-Unis)

MARGINAL NOTES Hon. Frank S. Miller Ministry of Minister LOCATION: , Ingram, Pense, Armstrong, Hilliard, Natural and Townships are in the District of Timiskaming Dr. J. K. Reynolds between Latitudes 47049© and 470 51© North and Longitudes PENSE R 1222 Resources Deputy Minister 790 31© and 790 53© West. and Earlton are the prin cipal communities, and in addition there are several smaller Ontario communities, e.g., at the southern boundary of the map-area, and Tomstown, Hilliardton, and Heaslip within the map-area. ONTARIO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Excellent access is provided to all but the northeastern part of Pense Township: by highways PRELIMINARY MAP R1225 11, 571, 562, 640, and 569, t by the Ontario Northland Railway main line and the spur line GEOLOGICAL SERIES from Earlton junction towards Elk Lake, by lot and conces sion line roads in the townships, all of which are subdivided, and by the Englehart and Blanche Rivers. BRETHOUR TOWNSHIP

DISTRICT OF TIMISKAMING b ka e c l dy 88 K-1 ) 16 Scale: 1:15,840 or 1 inch to V* mile

NTS Reference: 31M/12E, 13E ODM-GSC Aeromagnetic Map: 514G, 515G, 1493G, 1494G MINERAL EXPLORATION: Because of the extensive cover ODM Geological Compilation Map: 2205 of soil and flat-lying Paleozoic and Proterozoic rocks over the Early Precambrian rocks, which are the most favourable OMNR-OGS1977 for metals other than the silver-cobalt assemblage, exploration has been confined mainly to Pense Township, where most of Parts of this publication may be quoted if credit is given to the Ontario Ministry of Natural / A wells Resources, Division of Mines, Geological Branch and the material is properly referenced. the exposures of Early Precambrian rocks occur. O/ general log: Exploration has been carried out on showings of silver, f i . . *r\r\ lead, and copper associated with Nipissing Diabase, particu larly in Ingram Township.

GENERAL GEOLOGY: Present in the map-area are rocks of Early Precambrian (Archean), Middle Precambrian, and old well 84; Paleozoic ages. cal B4.I/"© The Early Precambrian rocks include: Pontiac-type meta- grey clay 21 sedimentary schists and gneisses, Keewatin-type metavolcanics . rock 12 9 intruded by small bodies of granitic syenite and ultramafic rock, and one dike of Diabase (in Pense Town e-g-l- 1Q\ - ship). V The Middle Precambrian lay 70 rocks consist of Cobalt Group nd.bldrs 1 sedimentary rocks and Nipissing "Diabase" complex intrusive lay 44 rocks. c l ay 89 grvl 8 hpan 7 Flat-lying Paleozoic rocks consisting of Ordovician and 2 Silurian limestone, shale, and sandstone underlie the central i.. P0 n 8 part of the Englehart-Earlton area. The map-area is at the heart of the Little Clay Belt farm 17,300 JQOO land, which has been developed mainly on silt and clay that were deposited on the bottom of Pleistocene pro-glacial Lake Barlow-Ojibway between about 10,300 and 8,700 years Before Present. INDEX MAP Scale : 1 : 1,013,760 or l inch to 16 miles .,/ ,--7A A\ clay,hpan 5 blue clay 294 LEGEND Unit6 " msnd 1 PHANEROZOIC /""© blue clay 180 hpan,bldr STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY: The Englehart-Earlton area CENOZOIC asnd ©10 contains two main sets of faults, the northwest-striking Lake QUATERNARY Timiskaming Rift Valley faults (Lovell and Caine 1970) and PLEISTOCENE AND RECENT north-striking faults. The emplacement of a Matachewan Till, varved clay, sand, gravel, peat Diabase dike in Pense Township, concession III, lot 10 may blue cfay"T6 have been controlled by a fault of the latter set. qsnd 10 UNCONFORMITY Most of the farmland is contained in down-dropped rift csnd 210 grvl PALEOZOIC blocks bounded by the Lake Timiskaming West Shore Fault 12 SILURIAN (LOWER AND MIDDLE) Zone and the Blanche River Fault Zone. Thornloe (Clinton) Formation Part of the course of Evanturel Creek and part of the 13 Limestone, dolostone, sandstone flow north along a distinct set of lineaments ^ i angular red clay 12 * Wabi Formation roughly parallel t.o the Onaping-Matachewan Diabase faults. boulders blue clay 20 These lineaments probably mark the extension of the fault qsnd 52 12 Limestone, shale zone under the Munro Esker near . Englehart©s grvl,bldr 5 municipal water supply is derived from wells in the fault zone, DISCONFORMITY Oft PARACONFORMITY and Earlton©s wells are less than 2.5 km (1 172 miles) east of Unitll? the fault zone. ORDOVICIAN (MIDDLE AND UPPER) red clay 12 LISKEARD GROUP The Early Precambrian rocks (in Pense and Brethour lue clay Township) dip steeply and are generally wrapped around O \qsnd ___ Dawson Point, Farr, Bucke, Guigues Formations 1 1 1 1 the nose of the (domical) granitic batholith to the east in Liskeard Gr ghvl.bldr 2 Limestone, shale, sandstone the adjoining part of Quebec province. UNCONFORMITY The Middle Precambrian rocks are essentially flat-lying except at the edges of basins, or where rendered plastic by PRECAMBRIAN adjacent Nipissing Diabase intrusions, or in minor dragfolds LATE PRECAMBRIAN along faults. MAFIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS (KEWEENAWAN) clay /15 .-©clay 160 The gently westward dipping Paleozoic rocks are largely blue clavy25 y sand 20 10 10 Augite and olivine diabase covered by muskeg, particularly in Armstrong. .. hpan 10 MIDDLE PRECAMBRIAN r grvl 10 MAFIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS (NIPISSING) 9 ~l 9 Unsubdivided 9a Transition rock (varied texture diabase), minor granophyre and aplite 8 l 8a Quartz diabase (diorite) ECONOMIC GEOLOGY: The only major mineral production 8b Hypersthene diabase (including norite) has been of sand, gravel, and limestone used for road fill and other types of construction material. INTRUSIVE CONTACT Judging from present indications, the best exploration potential for base metals is in the minor felsic metavolcanics HURONIAN SUPERGROUP and interbedded carbonaceous (amorphous graphite) iron COBALT GROUP formation interbedded with the (Pohtiac-type) metasedimen- Gowganda Formation tary schists. In these rocks sulphide mineralization including red©clay 2? ( Firstbrook Member sphalerite and chalcopyrite have been found in Pense Township. qsnd 50 7 Argillite (boulders) cshd 50 blue clay 160 Occurrences of the silver-cobalt mineral assemblage have pan.bldr 50 © qsnd 5 Coleman Member been found in the map-area, as ©- grvl 15 in Ingram Township near flrvl 26 6a Conglomerate Mallard Lake. These occurrences are in quartz-carbonate 6b Quartzitic arkose, greywacke veins in the Nipissing Diabase, and some have a considerable 6c Argillite variety of minerals present e.g., galena, sphalerite, and chalco pyrite in addition to the typical silver-cobalt types. UNCONFORMITY Limestone outcropping in the map-area as hills, such as the Silurian limestone ridges southeast and north of Earlton EARLY PRECAMBRIAN (ARCHEAN) and the hillside quarry on the escarpment west of Earlton MAFIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS (MATACHEWAN) airport, so far as is known are not of the Ordovician type, 5 | 5 Diabase that is metallurgically reactive and therefore useful in pulp FELSIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS (ALGOMAN) mills and mine mills, and for neutralizing acidic . 4a Granitic rocks Perhaps, however, the reactive Ordovician limestone underlies 4b Syenite some of the Silurian bedrock of the map-area. For information on the properties see Division of Mines INTRUSIVE CONTACT Miscellaneous Paper 69 by H.L. Lovell. MAFIC TO ULTRAMAFIC INTRUSIVE ROCKS (HAILEYBURIAN) AND POSSIBLE EXTRUSIVE

l 3a Serpentinite 3b Gabbro and diorite SELECTED REFERENCES INTRUSIVE CONTACTOR DISCONFORMITY Boissoneau, A.N. MAFIC AND INTERMEDIATE METAVOLCANICS (KEEWATIN) 1965: Algoma, Sudbury, Timiskaming, and Nipissing Surficial Geology; Ontario Dept. Lands and For 2a Mafic to intermediate tuffs and flows and chlorite schist ests, Map No. S465, scale 1 inch to 8 miles. Sur 2b Iron formation, magnetite cherty tuff, carbonaceous sulphide-bearing ficial Geology 1962 to 1963. schists and pyroclastics

Burrows, A.G., and Hopkins, P.E. O overburden UNCONFORMITY OR CONTACT METAMORPHIC ZONATION 1922: Blanche River Area; Ontario Dept. Mines, Vol.31, pt.3, 22p. Accompanied by Map 31 b. METASEDIMENTS (PONTIAC) 1 Unsubdivided Card, K.D., Church, W.R., Franklin, J.M., Frarey, M.J., 1a Quartz-biotite schist, gneiss Robertson, J.A., West, G.F., and Young, G.M. 1b Mica-quartz feldspar slate, greywacke 1 972: The Southern Province; p.335-380 in Variations in Tectonic Styles in Canada; Edited by R.A. Price and R.J.W. Douglas, Geo). Assoc. Canada, special paper no.11, 688p. Chagnon, Jean, Y. GEOLOGICAL AND SYMBOLS DH 1968: Quinze Lake-Barriere Lake Area, Temiscaminque Glacial striae. Jointing; (horizontal, County; Quebec Dept. Natural Resources, Geol. 0 7 clay 16 inclined, vertical). 6b,c,8af Glacial fluting. Drumlin. Rept. 134, 101 p. Accompanied by 1 map, scale 1 sand 20 hpan 1 O Drill hole; (vertical, inclined). inch to 1 mile or 1:63,360. qcv,ma?,py,cp Area of bedrock outcrop. grvl 1O Gravel pit. Hoffman, D.W., Wicklund, R.E., and Richards, N.R. Bedding, top unknown; (inclined, vertical). MA Magnetic attraction. 1955: Soil Survey of New Liskeard-Englehart Area; Rept. No.21 of the Ontario Soil Survey, 90p. Accompan Bedding, top indicated by Water well, bedrock ied by 1 map, scale 1 inch to 1 mile. arrow; (inclined, vertical, m intersected. overturned). Hriskevich, M.E. Water well bedrock not Schistosity; (horizontal, intersected. 1952: Petrology of the Nipissing Diabase Sheet of the inclined, vertical). Cobalt Area of Ontario; unpubl. Ph.D. thesis. Contour lines. Height above Princeton University, New Jersey. Geological boundary, sea level in feet. position interpreted. 1968: Petrology of the Nipissing Diabase Sill of the Co balt Area, Ontario, Canada; Geol. Soc. Amer. Fault; (assumed). Bull., Vol.79, No.10, p.1387-1404. Hume, G.S. 1917: Paleozoic Rocks of Lake Timiskaming Area; Geol. Surv. Canada, Sum. Rept. for 1916, p.188-192. 1920: The Stratigraphy and Geologic Relations of the METAL AND MINERAL REFERENCES Paleozoic Outlier of Lake Timiskaming; Amer. J. Ag ...... Silver hem ...... Sci., Ser.4, Vol.50, p.293, 309. . Hematite asb ...... Asbestos mag ...... Magnetite 1925: The Paleozoic Outlier of Lake Timiskaming, bn ...... , .Bornite po ...... Pyrrhotite Ontario and Quebec; Geol. Surv. Canada, Mem. carb ...... Carbonate py ...... Pyrite 145, 129p. Co ...... Cobalt qcv ...... Quartz-carbonate vein cp...... Chalcopyrite qv...... Quartz vein Jambor, J.L. gf...... Graphite sp...... Sphalerite 1971a: The Nipissing Diabase; Geol. Surv. Canada, pre gn...... Galena print, 66p. 1971b: Spotted Chloritic Alteration; Geol. Surv. Canada, WATER WELL ABBREVIATIONS preprint, 66p. (in feet) 1971c: Geology of the Cobalt-Gowganda Region, Geol. bldr ...... Boulder hpan...... Hard pan Surv. Canada, preprint, 32p. cgl ...... Conglomerate Imsn ...... Limestone 1971d: Origin of the Silver Veins of the Cobalt-Gowganda csnd ...... Coarse-grained sand msnd...... Medium-grained sand Region, Geol. Surv. Canada, preprint, 15p. fsnd ...... Fine-grained sand qsnd ...... Quicksand 1971e: Distribution of Some Minor Elements in the grvl...... ,. . Gravel snds ...... Sandstone Nipissing Diabase of the Cobalt-Gowganda Reigon; Geol. Surv. Canada, preprint, 49p. PROPERTY LIST (for P.1220-P.1225) 1971f: The Nipissing Diabase; p.34-76 in The Silver- (now mostly Crown Land) Arsenide Deposits of the Cobalt-Gowganda Region, Armstrong Township (P. 1223) Pense Township (P.1222) Ontario, The Canadian Mineralogist, Vol.11, pt.1, (1) Belanger, P. (6) Armstrong-Cummings 429p. Brethour Township (P.1225) (7) Canadian Nickel Company Limited Lovell, H.L., and Caine, T.W. (2) Brethour Tp. concession l lot 10 (8) Gereghty, G.J. and Waddell, L.A. (3) Dominion Gulf Company (9) Mines Limited, The 1970: Lake Timiskaming Rift Valley; Ontario Dept. Ingram Township (P.1221) (10) Johnston, R.F. Mines, MP39, 16p. Thwaites -|- (4) Marshall, F.D. and Marshall, J.A. (11) Wabi River Mining Syndicate (5) Peerless Canadian Explorations Ltd. Lovell, H.L., and Frey, E.D. 1976: Geology of the New Liskeard Area, District of Timiskaming; Ontario Div. Mines, GR144, 34p. Accompanied by Maps 2300 and 2301, scale 1 inch to Vi mile (1:31,680). Ontario Water Resources Commission CASEY SOURCES OF INFORMATION 1972: Water Well Records for Ontario, Northern Area; Geology by H..L. Lovell, 1972. Geology is not tied to surveyed lines. Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Water Re Assessment work and additional reports on file at Kirkland Lake Resident Geologist©s office. sources Bull. 2-9, 617p. Base-maps derived from maps of the Forest Resources Inventory, Division of Lands, Ministry of Natural Resources, Petruk, William with modifications by H.L. Lovell. Topography transferred from Natural Topographic Series areas 31M/13W, 31M/13E, 1968: The Ore Deposits of the Cobalt-Gowganda Area 31M/12W, and31M712E. in Ontario; Canada Dept. Energy, Mines and Water well data from the Ontario Water Resources Commission (Ministry of the Environ Resources, MS PP 68-38, 45p. ment), 1972. Burrows, A.G. and 1971: General Characteristics of the Deposits; p.77- Hopkins, P.E., Blanche River Area, ODM Ann. Rept., Vol.31, Part 3, 1922 and ODM Map 31 b, 1922. 107 in The Silver-Arsenide Deposits of the Cobalt- Dominion Dept. of Agriculture, Map 21, Soil map of the New Liskeard-Englehart Area, Gowganda Region, Ontario, The Canadian Miner 1955. alogist, Vol.11, pt.1,429p. Magnetic declination, approximately 9000©W, 1975.

Thomson, Robert This map is published with the permission of E.G. Pye, Director, Geological Branch, Division of Mines, Ontario Ministry of Natural 1957: Cobalt Camp, p.377-388 in Structural Geology of Respurces. Canadian Ore Deposits, Sixth Commonwealth Belle Issued 1977 Mining and Metallurgical Congress, Vol.2, CIM. 1965: Casey and Harris Townships; Ontario Dept. Mines ei: e - Information from this publication may be quoted if credit is given to the Ontario Ministry POST OFFICE GR36, 77p. and 3 maps. of Natural Resources, Division of Mines, Geological Branch. It is recommended that refer 1968: Proterozoic Rocks Intersected by a 7,000-foot ence to this map be made in the following form: Drill Hole in Henwood Township, District of Timiskaming; Ontario Dept. Mines OFR6019, Lovell, H.L. 1977: Brethour Township, District of Timiskaming; Ontario Geological Survey Prelim. 16p. plus core log from 7,000 to 7,662 feet. Map P.1225, Geol. Sen, scale 1:15,840 or 1 inch to V* mile. Geology, 1972.

Metric Conversion Factor l fobt s 0.3048 m.