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Tera: Papilionidae): Cladistic Reappraisals Using Mainly Immature Stage Characters, with Focus on the Birdwings Ornithoptera Boisduval
Bull. Kitakyushu Mus. Nat. Hist., 15: 43-118. March 28, 1996 Gondwanan Evolution of the Troidine Swallowtails (Lepidop- tera: Papilionidae): Cladistic Reappraisals Using Mainly Immature Stage Characters, with Focus on the Birdwings Ornithoptera Boisduval Michael J. Parsons Entomology Section, Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 900 Exposition Blvd., LosAngeles, California 90007, U.S.A.*' (Received December 13, 1995) Abstract In order to reappraise the interrelationships of genera in the tribe Troidini, and to test the resultant theory of troidine evolution against biogeographical data a cladistic analysis of troidine genera was performed. Data were obtained mainly from immature stages, providing characters that appeared to be more reliable than many "traditional" adult characters. A single cladogram hypothesising phylogenetic relation ships of the troidine genera was generated. This differs markedly from cladograms obtained in previous studies that used only adult characters. However, the cladogram appears to fit well biogeographical data for the Troidini in terms of vicariance biogcography, especially as this relates to the general hypotheses of Gondwanaland fragmentation and continental drift events advanced by recent geological studies. The genus Ornithoptera is shown to be distinct from Troides. Based on input data drawn equally from immature stages and adult characters, a single cladogram hypothesising the likely phylogeny of Ornithoptera species was generated. With minor weighting of a single important adult character (male -
Butterfly Catalogue January 2004
Insect Farming and Trading Agency: Butterfly Catalogue January 2004 INSECT FARMING AND TRADING AGENCY www.ifta.com.pg PO Box 129 BULOLO, MOROBE PROVINCE PAPUA NEW GUINEA Fax: (+675) 474 5454 Tel: (+675) 474 5285 Email: [email protected] Butterfly Catalogue – all prices are in $US Genus Ornithoptera ........................................................................2 Family Papilionidae ........................................................................4 Genus Pieridae ..............................................................................5 Genus Nymphalidae ........................................................................6 Moths...........................................................................................7 Genus Lycaenidae...........................................................................8 Page 1 of 8 Insect Farming and Trading Agency: Butterfly Catalogue January 2004 Genus Ornithoptera All birdwings are ex. pupae ranched specimens and are sent under appropriate approved CITES permit. They are all sold in pairs, apart from specific male or female variations, though special arrangements maybe available for some orders: please send us any specific requests, and we will deal with them individually. Description Male Female Pair Pairs 10 20 50 Ornithoptera priamus Poseidon 5.00 4.50 4.00 3.50 f.aurago (strongly yellow HWV) 9.00 f.lavata (no yellow on HWV) 6.00 f.brunneus (all black/brown FW) 9.00 f.kirschi (yellow/green) 50.00 f.NN (very pale/white) 9.00 f.triton (single large gold spot) 9.00 f.cronius -
Ornithoptera Goliath Ppt Entomologi
Ornitophtera goliath Si Cantik dari Papua Oleh: SUHARA Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi Fakultas Pendidikan Matematika dan Ilmu Pendidikan Alam Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia 2009 MENGENAL KUPU-KUPU Di dalam pengelompokan jenis hayati, oleh karena memiliki tubuh beruas-ruas dan kaki 3 pasang maka kupu-kupu dan ngengat di masukan ke dalam kelas insekta atau serangga. Oleh karena merupakan serangga yang mnemiliki sayap maka kupu-kupu dimasukan ke dalam kelas Pterygota dan oleh karena sayapnya di tutupi oleh sisik yang halus maka kupu-kupu di masukan ke dalam ordo Lepidoptera. Kupu-kupu dan ngengat merupakan serangga terbang yang mengalami metamorfosa sempurna karena kehidupannya di mulai dari telur-larva- pupa-dewasa. Di dalam menjalani di dalam daur hidup tersebut kupu-kupu dan ngengat hanya memerlukan makan pada fase larva dan dewasa. Pada fase larva kupu-kupu dan ngengat di kenal juga sebagai ulat, makanan ulat berupa bagian-bagian dari tumbuh-tumbuhan, termasuk buah dan biji; oleh karena itu mulut ulat memiliki bentuk sedemikian rupa sehingga dapat di pakai unutk menggigit dan mengunyah. Kupu-kupu dan ngengat (fase dewasa ) dapat hidup apabila makan nectar bunga denganh menggunakan mulutnya yang berbentuk selang penghisap yang di sebut proboscis. Perbedaan natara kupu-kupu dan ngengat dapat di bedakan dari perilaku dan bentuknya (Stanek 1992). 1. ngengat hinggap dengan kedua pasang sayap terbuka, sedang kupu-kupuy tertutup. 2. ngengat aktif pada malam hari (nokturnal) dan umumnya tertarik cahaya lampu, sedangkan kupu-kupu aktif siang hari (diurnal). 3. ngengat mempunyai antena (sungut) pendek dan bentuknya mirip bulu, beberapa jenis ujungnya membesar (clubed), sedang antena kupu-kupu langsing, gilig seperti lidi dengan ujung membesar (clubed). -
2. Identifikasi Dan Analisa Data
2. IDENTIFIKASI DAN ANALISA DATA 2.1. Landasan Teori 2.1.1. Fotografi 2.1.1.1. Sejarah fotografi Dalam seni rupa, fotografi merupakan proses pembuatan lukisan dengan menggunakan media cahaya. Istilah fotografi berasal dari bahasa Inggris. Photo yang berarti cahaya dan graphis yang berarti gambar karena itu fotografi dapat diartikan sebagai proses atau metode untuk menghasilkan gambar atau foto dari suatu obyek dengan merekam pantulan cahaya yang mengenai obyek tersebut pada media yang peka cahaya. Dalam perjalanan sejarahnya fotografi bermula jauh sebelum Masehi. Dalam buku The History of Photography karya Alma Davenport, terbitan Universitas of New Mexico Press tahun 1991, disebutkan bahwa pada abad ke-5 Sebelum Masehi (SM) seorang pria bernama Mo Ti sudah mengamati gejala. Apabila pada dinding ruangan yang gelap terdapat lubang kecil (pinhole), maka di bagian dalam ruang itu akan terefleksikan pemandangan di luar ruang secara terbalik lewat lubang tadi. Mo Ti adalah orang pertama yang menyadari fenomena camera obscura (“sejarah photography”, par 1 ) . Pada tahun 1558, seorang ilmuwan Italia, Giambattista della Porta menyebut “camera obscura” pada sebuah kotak yang membantu pelukis menangkap bayangan gambar (“sejarah photography", par 4). Pada awal abad ke-17 seorang ilmuwan berkebangsaan Italia bernama Angelo Sala menemukan, bila serbuk perak nitrat dikenai cahaya, warnanya akan berubah menjadi hitam. Demikian pula Professor anatomi berkebangsaan Jerman, Johan Heinrich Schulse, pada 1712 melakukan percobaan dan membuktikan bahwa menghitamkan pelat chloride perak yang disebabkan oleh cahaya dan bukan oleh panas merupakan sebuah fenomena yang telah diketahui sejak abad ke-16 bahkan mungkin lebih awal lagi. Ia mendemonstrasikan fakta tersebut dengan menggunakan cahaya matahari untuk merekam serangkaian kata pada 11 Universitas Kristen Petra pelat chloride perak; sayang ia gagal mempertahankan gambar secara permanen. -
Ornithoptera Goliath Titan Grose-Smith O
VOLUME 29, NUMBER 2 85 NOTES ON THE BIOLOGY OF ORNITHOPTERA GOLIATH AND O. CHIMAERA (PAPILIONIDAE) R. STRAATMAN Sogeri, Papua-New Guinea AND F. SCHMID Biosystematics Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada Ornithoptera goliath Oberthur and O. chimaera Rothschild are in cluded in the subgenus Schoenbel'gia, for which information on the early stages is scanty. Jordan (1908) mentions of O. goliath: "it has been bred several times but nothing appears to have been published." Ornithoptera goliath titan Grose-Smith O. goliath (Fig. 9) is one of the rarest Ornithoptera species. It is widely distributed, from the island of Ceram (East Indonesia), Waigeu, the whole mainland of New Guinea to Goodenough Island. However, it is always rare and very local. Its rarity may be due to the scarcity of its Aristolochia hostplant and the peculiar way mature larvae almost totally destroy their host before pupation. Early Stages Egg (Fig. 1). Very large, diameter 4.6-4.7 mm. Yellowish, pearly white, slightly flattened at the base. Generally deposited on mature leaves of the hostplant. Incu bation period varied from 14 days (Sogeri, altitude 500 m.) to 19 days (Wau, altitude 1300 m.) depending on local average temperatures. First instar larva (Figs. 2-3). Groundcolour of head, prothoracic shield, body, legs and prolegs black. Fourth abdominal segment has broad, greyish white saddle mark, mid-dorsally divided by black stripe. All segments carry long, spiny, black tubercles. Second-final instars (Figs. 4-6). Groundcolour remains unchanged. Tubercles fleshy, blunt, with broad base, black with the exception of the two light yellow dorsal ones on abdominal segment 4. -
Introduction 2 1
Chapter 1 Introduction 2 1. Introduction This chapter introduces the diversity of insects Taxon identified estimated total no. and the reasons for their success. Furthermore mammals 4,170 4,300 the ecological importance of insects and their birds 8,715 9,000 amphibians 3,125 3,500 role in the life of humans are briefly discussed. insects 750,000 2.5 - 65 million Conservation aspects and the sustainable use of total no. of species 1.3 million 4.4 - 100 million insects are summarised and finally biogeo- Box 1-1: Number of identified and estimated graphy and the distribution of insects in the total number of species of selected taxa South Pacific are outlined. Although at present, PNG can’t compete with the world’s fastest car or tallest building, it 1.1 Insect Diversity does have a number of impressive insect superlatives to offer from its immense species One good reason for studying insects is their richness. The world’s largest and second tremendous diversity. Scientists assume that largest butterfly, the largest moth, the longest the total number of species is somewhere beetle, the largest katydid, one of the longest between 4.4 and 100 million. 76.3 % of the stick insects and other superlatives shown on species are animals. Approximately ¾ of the Plates 5 L, 8 I, 9 A, C, E and in box 1-2 can animal species and more than half of the entire be found in PNG. The people of PNG are lucky species including animals, plants, protista, and can be proud of the biodiversity PNG has fungi and bacteria are believed to be insects. -
Estimating Time and Space in the Evolution of the Lepidoptera
Estimating time and space in the evolution of the Lepidoptera Rienk de Jong Several aspects of estimating what happened when and where in the evolution of the Lepidoptera are discussed. Because of their scarcity and often poor preservation, fossils are not very helpful, but at least they demonstrate that, in the Oligocene some taxa of butterflies, perhaps at tribal level or higher, did occur in the Northern as well as in the Southern Hemisphere. The concept of a molecular clock is seen as a most needed test for vicariance explanations of disjunct distributions. Special emphasis is laid on the importance of calibration of the clock. The use of geological vicariance events as calibration points is rejected, because of circularity when vicariance explanations are to be tested. Fossils as calibration points should ideally be replaced by the minimum age of an apomorphous character state demonstrated by the fossil rather than a supposed identity on the basis of overall similarity. Some conditions that directed the evolution of Lepidoptera (called constraints here) are discussed for their possible use as calibration points. Estimation of the evolution in space through time (palaeobiogeography) as found in recent literature is discussed, the often supposed role (of the break-up) of Gondwana in the evolution of the butterflies is challenged, and an alternative hypothesis is given. R. de Jong, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands. E-mail: [email protected] Introduction extrapolate the data to far back in history and to Estimating time and space of events in the evolu- make use of (reputed) circumstantial evidence. -
Chapter 391. International Trade (Fauna and Flora) Act 1979
Chapter 391. International Trade (Fauna and Flora) Act 1979. Certified on: / /20 . INDEPENDENT STATE OF PAPUA NEW GUINEA. Chapter 391. International Trade (Fauna and Flora) Act 1979. ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS. PART I – PRELIMINARY. 1A. Compliance with Constitutional requirements. 1. Interpretation. “animal” “approval means an approval to import a living exotic specimen in accordance with Section 13B;” “authorization” “certificate” “certificate of origin” “CITES-listed” “Convention” “controlled native specimen” “export” “export licence” “export permit” “exotic species and exotic specimen” “import” “import permit” “inspector” “introduction from the sea” “Management Authority” “native species” “primarily commercial purposes” “re-export” “re-export permit” “Schedule 1 species and Schedule 1 specimen” “Schedule 2 species and Schedule 2 specimen” “Schedule 3 species and Schedule 3 specimen” “Schedule 4 species and Schedule 4 specimen” “Schedule 5 species and Schedule 5 specimen” “Scientific Authority” “Secretariat” “species” “specimen” 2. Amendment of Schedules. 2A. Application. 2B. Act binds the state. 3. Saving of other laws. PART IA – REGULATION OF TRADE IN FAUNA AND FLORA. 3A. Management Authority. 3B. Scientific Authorities. 3C. Appointment of Inspectors. 3D. Issue of Authorizations. PART II – TRADE IN SCHEDULE 1 SPECIMENS. 4. Exportation. 5. Importation. 6. Re-exportation. 7. Introduction from the sea. PART III – TRADE IN SCHEDULE 2 SPECIMENS. 8. Exportation. 9. Importation. 10. Re-exportation. 11. Introduction from the sea. PART IV – TRADE IN SCHEDULE 3 SPECIMENS. 12. Exportation. 13. Importation. PART IVA – EXPORTATION OF CONTROLLED NATIVE SPECIMENS. 13A. Exportation. PART IVB – IMPORTATION OF LIVING EXOTIC SPECIMENS. 13B. Importation. PART IVC – ENFORCEMENT. 13C. Powers and Functions of Inspectors. 13D. Obstruction of Inspectors, etc. 13E. Offences of Import, Export etc. -
Flügel Hinter Glas
Flügel hinter Glas Der Insektenhandel in Deutschland unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera) von Peter Schütz Europe - Deutschland WWF Deutschland Herausgegeben von TRAFFIC-Europe/Umweltstiftung WWF-Deutschland, Frankfurt am Main © Copyright: TRAFFIC-Europe/ Umweltstiftung WWF-Deutschland, Frankfurt am Main, 2000 TRAFFIC © Copyright bei WWF-International, Gland Alle Rechte vorbehalten. Nachdruck, auch auszugsweise, nur mit Genehmigung des Herausgebers und unter Nen- nung von TRAFFIC-Europe. Die in dieser Arbeit dargestellten Meinungen und Aussa- gen sind jeweils mit Quellenangaben versehen oder Be- obachtungen des Autors. Sie stellen nicht notwendiger- weise die Meinung von TRAFFIC, WWF oder IUCN dar. Die innerhalb dieser Arbeit verwendeten Bezeichnungen von geographischen Gebieten, Staaten, Ländern und Ter- ritorien stellen nicht die Haltung von TRAFFIC, noch die einer TRAFFIC unterstützendenOrganisation zum rechtli- chen Status eines Gebietes, Staates, Landes oder Territo- rium dar. TRAFFIC ist ein gemeinsames Programm von WWF und IUCN. Viele Projekte des TRAFFIC Programms benötigen finanzielle Unterstützung. Um aktuelle Informationen über den Bedarf für das TRAFFIC Programm zu erhalten, und für weitere Informationen wenden Sie sich bitte an unsere Adresse auf der Rückseite. Empfohlenes Zitat: Schütz, P. (2000). Flügel hinter Glas – Der Insektenhan- del in Deutschland unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Schmetterlinge (Lepidoptera). TRAFFIC-Europe/Um- weltstiftung WWF-Deutschland. ISBN 3-00-006097-9 Impressum -
The Biology Curator
The Biology Curator Th e Publication of th e B iology Cu rator's Group Diary Dates These include ethnography. stone, or textiles collections. This course will therefore appeal to conservators working Insect Pests in Museums with similar materials in other collections, such as I 0-11 March 1997, Natural History Museum. London ethnograph ic and archaeological conservators, to people responsible for the care of natural science collections, as A two-day course by David Pinniger covering : pests and well as existing natural science conservators. damage, pest identi fication, pest envi ronments, pest monitoring and control, pest management and other topics. This 5 week course will cover natural science materials from a modem conservation perspective. lt wi ll discuss their Contact : Ph.iJ Ackery, Dept of Entomology, Natural History treatments in light of approaches to si mil ar materials in other Museum. areas of conservation and wi ll also look at traditional Tele: 017 1 938 9346 methods of preparing and conserving this material. The What's in the Box7 - Collection Access and Care course will cover the chemistry of these materials, control of deterioration (from both a passive and an active perspective) 16 and 17 April 1997 at the National Museums & Galleries of and collections mai ntenance. Wales, Cardiff People who complete the course will have a solid Two-day Joint Conference, with AGMs. between the BCG overview of the factors which cause the deterioration of and Natural Sciences Conservation Group. natural science materials and how these collections are Natural Science Curatorial Course maintained and conservation problems can be resolved. -
VENTE DU 11/06/2020 - 1 5, Rue F.-J
V.BERTRAND VENTE DU 11/06/2020 - 1 5, rue F.-J. Talma 44000NANTES Edité le : 27/05/2020 11:35- N° Description Estimations 1, Sphingidae mundi, B. D’Abrera, Classey, 1986. 80 / 90 2, Butterflies of the Australian Region, B. D’Abrera, Landsdown, 1971. Etat moyen. 80 / 90 3, Mariposas de la Pensinsula iberica: Ropaloceros I-II, Heteroceros I, Ministerio de agricultura, 50 / 60 Madrid. 4, Faune lépidoptérologique de la Loire-Inférieure ; Faune entomologique armoricaine : 20 / 30 Rhopalocères, C. Oberthur et C. Houlbert, 1912. 5, Thèses de Doctorat de René Catala: Variations expérimentales de Chrysiridia 50 / 80 madagascariensis, 1947. 6, Neuf ouvrages sur les voyages et l’ethnologie : Pacifique, Papous, Les Forêts tropicales, 50 / 60 Indonésie, etc. 7, Saturniidae Mundi, Vol. I et III, B. D’Abrera, Hill House, 1995 et 1998. 150 / 180 8, A Monograph of the Birdwing Butterflies, Haugum and Low, Vol. I Part 1-3, Vol. 2 Part. I, 150 / 200 Scandinavian Science Press Ltd, 1978-80. Et A Monograph of the Birdwing Butterflies Vol. 2, 1982-1985, relié. On joint des bulletins entomologiques (SSNOF). 9, Les Morpho d’Amérique du Sud et Centrale, Le Moult et Réal, 1963; The Genus Morpho, I et 60 / 80 II, P. Blandin, Sciences Nat. On joint une traduction du texte du Vol. I de Blandin en français. 10, Six ouvrages sur le thème des animaux : La fabuleuse aventure de la vie, Animaux du 40 / 50 monde, Les araignées, Boubée, etc. 11, Neuf livres et divers fascicules sur le thème de l’histoire naturelle dont Un musée dans la 40 / 50 ville, Ouest éditions. -
蝴蝶CITES Identification Guide
CITES Identification Guide Butterflies CITES 辨識圖鑑－蝴蝶 A project of Environment Canada and TRAFFIC East Asia 序 自民國七十八年野生動物保育法公布施行以來，我國推展野生 動物保育的工作已有明顯的進展。舉凡保護區的劃定、棲㆞的 保護、物種的保育，乃至市場的管理與國際貿易的管制等，在 在說明我國執行保育工作之成果已有長足之進步；而對於未來 中長程保育目標之規劃，亦已逐步完成且漸具規模。 然而保育類野生動物種類繁多，在保育法執行㆖倍顯困難， 尤其物種之辨識更為落實執法工作之主要關鍵所在，CITES蝴 蝶物種鑑定指南，有助於國際間保育類蝴蝶物種之辨識並落實 其保育管理。為此，本會特將此等鑑定辨識手冊之編印，列入 年度工作之優先辦理項目。並獲知加拿大所編行出版之華約（ CITES）附錄蝴蝶類物種鑑定指南別具特色，特委請東亞野生 物貿易研究委員會，經向加方相關單位商得授權後，由台北野 生物貿易研究委員會編譯成書。全書不僅蒐錄全球數十餘種蝴 蝶類物種資料，並著墨其亞種與產製品，其內容豐富、設計新 穎，並且摒除過去㆒貫以動物之各項生物特徵做為分類基礎之 方式，而改以生動有趣之圖繪表現動物重要外型特徵更為本書 特色。 期望執法㆟員參閱本書簡單之介紹與切要之說明指引後，能輕 易查閱並迅速辨識物種是否列入保育，係為本書編譯之重要目 的。此外，也希望本次㆗譯本之發行除對於未來其他辨識教材 或手冊之編排、設計有所突破外，並提供我國相關單位作為執 法㆖參考，以落實並執行野生動物保育法。 行政院農業委員會 主任委員 謹識 ㆗華民國九十㆒年十㆒月 CITES辨識圖鑑－蝴蝶 ㆗文譯本 辨識 CITES 管制蝴蝶類物種的圖鑑 作者：科㆞（Lonny D. Coote） 加拿大環境部野生動植物署 原創意者：依凡．拉夫爾（Yvan Lafleur） 加拿大環境部執法單位動植物組主任 協調㆟：理查．夏綠蒂（Richard Charette） 加拿大環境部執法單位國家協調員 繪圖：科㆞（Lonny D. Coote）與史密斯（Ian Smith） 設計：馬理巴爾（Tamara Maliepaard） 攝影：米勒（Doug Millar）與科斯特（Trina Koster） 印刷協助： CITES秘書處，瑞士日內瓦 加拿大環境部生物多樣性公約辦公室 與法國政府 ㆗文版編譯：曾詩琴、陳楊文 A project of Environment Canada and TRAFFIC East Asia 編譯：台北野生物貿易研究委員會（TRAFFIC East Asia-Taipei） 印行：行政院農業委員會 國家圖書館出版品預行編目資料 CITES辨識圖鑑－蝴蝶／科㆞（Lonny D. Coote）著： 曾詩琴、陳楊文譯--初版--台北市：行政院農業委員會， 2002民91 面：公分--（農委會林業特刊：第68號） 含索引 譯自：CITES Identification Guide: Butterflies ISBN：957-01-2505-5（平裝） 1.蝴蝶－圖錄 387.793 91020631 書 名：CITES辨識圖鑑－蝴蝶 原書名：CITES Identification Guide: Butterflies 著 者：科㆞（Lonny D. Coote） 譯 者：曾詩琴、陳楊文 行政編輯：湯曉虞、賴建興、方國運、王冠邦、張瓊如 美術編輯：林育正 編 譯：台北野生物貿易研究委員會（TRAFFIC East Asia-Taipei）、 自然生態保育協會 發行㆟：范振宗 出版者：行政院農業委員會 ㆞ 址：100台北市南海路37號 電 話：02-23812991 印 刷：自然國有限公司 初版㆒刷：2002年10月 ISBN ：957-01-2505-5（平裝） GPN ：1009103822 農委會林業特刊第68號 版權所有，請勿翻印 Introduction ? 紫色介紹頁 紫 色 章 節 含 有 簡 介 ， 解 釋 如 何 使 用 本 圖 鑑 。 同 時 也 含 有 蝴 蝶 的 資 訊 ， 敘 述 有 關 蝴 蝶 貿 易 ， 以 及 在 鑑 識 過 程 正 確 處 理 蝴 蝶 標 本 及 活 蛹 的 方 法 。 在 使 用 本 圖 鑑 前 ， 這 個 章 節㆒定要先讀過。 目 錄 頁碼 ? 目錄..........................................................................................................................