SPARC Assembly Language Reference Manual
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Sun Fire E2900 Server
Sun FireTM E2900 Server Just the Facts February 2005 SunWin token 401325 Sun Confidential – Internal Use Only Just The Facts Sun Fire E2900 Server Copyrights ©2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Sun Fire, Netra, Ultra, UltraComputing, Sun Enterprise, Sun Enterprise Ultra, Starfire, Solaris, Sun WebServer, OpenBoot, Solaris Web Start Wizards, Solstice, Solstice AdminSuite, Solaris Management Console, SEAM, SunScreen, Solstice DiskSuite, Solstice Backup, Sun StorEdge, Sun StorEdge LibMON, Solstice Site Manager, Solstice Domain Manager, Solaris Resource Manager, ShowMe, ShowMe How, SunVTS, Solstice Enterprise Agents, Solstice Enterprise Manager, Java, ShowMe TV, Solstice TMNscript, SunLink, Solstice SunNet Manager, Solstice Cooperative Consoles, Solstice TMNscript Toolkit, Solstice TMNscript Runtime, SunScreen EFS, PGX, PGX32, SunSpectrum, SunSpectrum Platinum, SunSpectrum Gold, SunSpectrum Silver, SunSpectrum Bronze, SunStart, SunVIP, SunSolve, and SunSolve EarlyNotifier are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. All other product or service names mentioned -
SPARC/IOBP-CPU-56 Installation Guide
SPARC/IOBP-CPU-56 Installation Guide P/N 220226 Revision AB September 2003 Copyright The information in this publication is subject to change without notice. Force Computers, GmbH reserves the right to make changes without notice to this, or any of its products, to improve reliability, performance, or design. Force Computers, GmbH shall not be liable for technical or editorial errors or omissions contained herein, nor for indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages resulting from the furnishing, performance, or use of this material. This information is provided "as is" and Force Computers, GmbH expressly disclaims any and all warranties, express, implied, statutory, or otherwise, including without limitation, any express, statutory, or implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non−infringement. This publication contains information protected by copyright. This publication shall not be reproduced, transmitted, or stored in a retrieval system, nor its contents used for any purpose, without the prior written consent of Force Computers, GmbH. Force Computers, GmbH assumes no responsibility for the use of any circuitry other than circuitry that is part of a product of Force Computers, GmbH. Force Computers, GmbH does not convey to the purchaser of the product described herein any license under the patent rights of Force Computers, GmbH nor the rights of others. CopyrightE 2003 by Force Computers, GmbH. All rights reserved. The Force logo is a trademark of Force Computers, GmbH. IEEER is a registered trademark of the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. PICMGR, CompactPCIR, and the CompactPCI logo are registered trademarks and the PICMG logo is a trademark of the PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturer’s Group. -
Microsparc-II-Usersm
Products Rights Notice: Copyright © 1991-2008 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, California 95054, U.S.A. All Rights Reserved You understand that these materials were not prepared for public release and you assume all risks in using these materials. These risks include, but are not limited to errors, inaccuracies, incompleteness and the possibility that these materials infringe or misappropriate the intellectual property right of others. You agree to assume all such risks. THESE MATERIALS ARE PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND OTHER CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS (INCLUDING ANY OF OWNER'S PARTNERS, VENDORS AND LICENSORS) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THESE MATERIALS, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Solaris, OpenSPARC T1, OpenSPARC T2 and UltraSPARC are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. -
LSU EE 4720 Homework 1 Solution Due: 3 March 2006
LSU EE 4720 Homework 1 Solution Due: 3 March 2006 Several Web links appear below and at least one is long, to avoid the tedium of typing them view the assignment in Adobe reader and click. Problem 1: Consider these add instructions in three common ISAs. (Use the ISA manuals linked to the references page, http://www.ece.lsu.edu/ee4720/reference.html.) # MIPS64 addu r1, r2, r3 # SPARC V9 add g2, g3, g1 # PA RISC 2 add r1, r2, r3 (a) Show the encoding (binary form) for each instruction. Show the value of as many bits as possible. Codings shown below. For PA-RISC the ea, ec, and ed ¯elds are labeled e1, e2, and e3, respectively in the instruction descriptions. There is no label for the eb ¯eld in the instruction description of the add and yes it would make sense to use e0 instead of e1 but they didn't for whatever reason. opcode rs rt rd sa func MIPS64: 0 2 3 1 0 0x21 31 26 25 21 20 16 15 11 10 6 5 0 op rd op3 rs1 i asi rs2 SPARC V9: 2 1 0 2 0 0 3 31 30 29 25 24 19 18 14 13 13 12 5 4 0 OPCD r2 r1 c f ea eb ec ed d t PA-RISC 2: 2 3 2 0 0 01 1 0 00 0 1 0 5 6 10 11 15 16 18 19 19 20 21 22 22 23 23 24 25 26 26 27 31 (b) Identify the ¯eld or ¯elds in the SPARC add instruction which are the closest equivalent to MIPS' func ¯eld. -
IEEE Standard 754 for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic
Work in Progress: Lecture Notes on the Status of IEEE 754 October 1, 1997 3:36 am Lecture Notes on the Status of IEEE Standard 754 for Binary Floating-Point Arithmetic Prof. W. Kahan Elect. Eng. & Computer Science University of California Berkeley CA 94720-1776 Introduction: Twenty years ago anarchy threatened floating-point arithmetic. Over a dozen commercially significant arithmetics boasted diverse wordsizes, precisions, rounding procedures and over/underflow behaviors, and more were in the works. “Portable” software intended to reconcile that numerical diversity had become unbearably costly to develop. Thirteen years ago, when IEEE 754 became official, major microprocessor manufacturers had already adopted it despite the challenge it posed to implementors. With unprecedented altruism, hardware designers had risen to its challenge in the belief that they would ease and encourage a vast burgeoning of numerical software. They did succeed to a considerable extent. Anyway, rounding anomalies that preoccupied all of us in the 1970s afflict only CRAY X-MPs — J90s now. Now atrophy threatens features of IEEE 754 caught in a vicious circle: Those features lack support in programming languages and compilers, so those features are mishandled and/or practically unusable, so those features are little known and less in demand, and so those features lack support in programming languages and compilers. To help break that circle, those features are discussed in these notes under the following headings: Representable Numbers, Normal and Subnormal, Infinite -
Ross Technology RT6224K User Manual 1 (Pdf)
Full-service, independent repair center -~ ARTISAN® with experienced engineers and technicians on staff. TECHNOLOGY GROUP ~I We buy your excess, underutilized, and idle equipment along with credit for buybacks and trade-ins. Custom engineering Your definitive source so your equipment works exactly as you specify. for quality pre-owned • Critical and expedited services • Leasing / Rentals/ Demos equipment. • In stock/ Ready-to-ship • !TAR-certified secure asset solutions Expert team I Trust guarantee I 100% satisfaction Artisan Technology Group (217) 352-9330 | [email protected] | artisantg.com All trademarks, brand names, and brands appearing herein are the property o f their respective owners. Find the Ross Technology RT6224K-200/512S at our website: Click HERE 830-0016-03 Rev A 11/15/96 PRELIMINARY Colorado 4 RT6224K hyperSPARC CPU Module Features D Based on ROSS’ fifth-generation D SPARC compliant — Zero-wait-state, 512-Kbyte or hyperSPARC processor — SPARC Instruction Set Architec- 1-Mbyte 2nd-level cache — RT620D Central Processing Unit ture (ISA) Version 8 compliant — Demand-paged virtual memory (CPU) — Conforms to SPARC Reference management — RT626 Cache Controller, Memory MMU Architecture D Module design Management, and Tag Unit — Conforms to SPARC Level 2 MBus — MBus-standard form factor: 3.30” (CMTU) Module Specification (Revision 1.2) (8.34 cm) x 5.78” (14.67 cm) — Four (512-Kbyte) or eight D Dual-clock architecture — Provides CPU upgrade path at (1-Mbyte) RT628 Cache Data Units module level (CDUs) Ċ CPU scaleable up to -
Microsparc™-Iiep
Preliminary STP1100BGA December 1997 microSPARC™-IIep DATA SHEET SPARC v8 32-Bit Microprocessor With PCI/DRAM Interfaces DESCRIPTION The microSPARC-IIep 32-bit microprocessor is a highly integrated, high-performance microprocessor. Imple- menting the SPARC Architecture version 8 specification, it is ideally suited for low-cost uniprocessor embedded applications. It is built with leading edge CMOS technology, with the core operating at a low voltage of 3.3V for optimized power consumption. The microSPARC-IIep includes on chip: integer unit (IU), floating-point unit (FPU), large separate instruction and data caches, a 32-entry version 8 reference MMU, programmable DRAM controller, PCI controller, PCI bus interface, a 16-entry IOMMU, flash memory interface support, interrupt controller, 2 timers, internal and boundary scan through JTAG interface, power management and clock generation capabilities. The operating frequencies are 100 MHz. Features Benefits • Integrated 32-bit, 33 MHz PCI expansion bus controller • Connection to industry-standard expansion bus • Integrated 256 MByte DRAM controller • High-bandwidth memory controller to reduce latency • Built-in 16 MByte flash memory controller • Flash memory interface runs real-time operating systems that loads and runs code out of ROM • SPARC high-performance RISC architecture • Compatible with over 10,000 applications and existing development tools • Support for little and big endian byte ordering • Handles with ease PCI devices designed for DOS machines, along with UNIX® applications • 8-window, -
X86-64 Machine-Level Programming∗
x86-64 Machine-Level Programming∗ Randal E. Bryant David R. O'Hallaron September 9, 2005 Intel’s IA32 instruction set architecture (ISA), colloquially known as “x86”, is the dominant instruction format for the world’s computers. IA32 is the platform of choice for most Windows and Linux machines. The ISA we use today was defined in 1985 with the introduction of the i386 microprocessor, extending the 16-bit instruction set defined by the original 8086 to 32 bits. Even though subsequent processor generations have introduced new instruction types and formats, many compilers, including GCC, have avoided using these features in the interest of maintaining backward compatibility. A shift is underway to a 64-bit version of the Intel instruction set. Originally developed by Advanced Micro Devices (AMD) and named x86-64, it is now supported by high end processors from AMD (who now call it AMD64) and by Intel, who refer to it as EM64T. Most people still refer to it as “x86-64,” and we follow this convention. Newer versions of Linux and GCC support this extension. In making this switch, the developers of GCC saw an opportunity to also make use of some of the instruction-set features that had been added in more recent generations of IA32 processors. This combination of new hardware and revised compiler makes x86-64 code substantially different in form and in performance than IA32 code. In creating the 64-bit extension, the AMD engineers also adopted some of the features found in reduced-instruction set computers (RISC) [7] that made them the favored targets for optimizing compilers. -
Deliveringperformanceonsun:Optimizing Applicationsforsolaris
DeliveringPerformanceonSun:Optimizing ApplicationsforSolaris TechnicalWhitePaper 1997-1999 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303 U.S.A All rights reserved. This product and related documentation is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution and decompilation. No part of this product or related documentation may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Portions of this product may be derived from the UNIX® and Berkeley 4.3 BSD systems, licensed from UNIX Systems Laboratories, Inc. and the University of California, respectively. Third party font software in this product is protected by copyright and licensed from Sun’s Font Suppliers. RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and FAR 52.227-19. The product described in this manual may be protected by one or more U.S. patents, foreign patents, or pending applications. TRADEMARKS Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Sun WorkShop, and Sun Enterprise are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. UltraSPARC, SPARCompiler, SPARCstation, SPARCserver, microSPARC, and SuperSPARC are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All other product names mentioned herein are the trademarks of their respective owners. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. -
Sparcstation 4 Model 110 Service Manual
SPARCstation 4 Model 110 Service Manual Sun Microsystems Computer Company A Sun Microsystems, Inc. Business 901 San Antonio Road Palo Alto, CA 94303-4900 USA 650 960-1300 fax 650 969-9131 Part No.: 802-6464-10 Revision A, July 1996 1997 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303-4900 U.S.A. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Portions of this product may be derived from the UNIX® system, licensed from Novell, Inc., and from the Berkeley 4.3 BSD system, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and in other countries and is exclusively licensed by X/Open Company Ltd. Third-party software, including font technology in this product, is protected by copyright and licensed from Sun’s suppliers. RESTRICTED RIGHTS: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions of FAR 52.227-14(g)(2)(6/87) and FAR 52.227-19(6/87), or DFAR 252.227-7015(b)(6/95) and DFAR 227.7202-3(a). Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, and Solaris are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and in other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. -
FPGA Based Quadruple Precision Floating Point Arithmetic for Scientific Computations
International Journal of Advanced Computer Research (ISSN (print): 2249-7277 ISSN (online): 2277-7970) Volume-2 Number-3 Issue-5 September-2012 FPGA Based Quadruple Precision Floating Point Arithmetic for Scientific Computations 1Mamidi Nagaraju, 2Geedimatla Shekar 1Department of ECE, VLSI Lab, National Institute of Technology (NIT), Calicut, Kerala, India 2Asst.Professor, Department of ECE, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University Amritapuri, Kerala, India Abstract amounts, and fractions are essential to many computations. Floating-point arithmetic lies at the In this project we explore the capability and heart of computer graphics cards, physics engines, flexibility of FPGA solutions in a sense to simulations and many models of the natural world. accelerate scientific computing applications which Floating-point computations suffer from errors due to require very high precision arithmetic, based on rounding and quantization. Fast computers let IEEE 754 standard 128-bit floating-point number programmers write numerically intensive programs, representations. Field Programmable Gate Arrays but computed results can be far from the true results (FPGA) is increasingly being used to design high due to the accumulation of errors in arithmetic end computationally intense microprocessors operations. Implementing floating-point arithmetic in capable of handling floating point mathematical hardware can solve two separate problems. First, it operations. Quadruple Precision Floating-Point greatly speeds up floating-point arithmetic and Arithmetic is important in computational fluid calculations. Implementing a floating-point dynamics and physical modelling, which require instruction will require at a generous estimate at least accurate numerical computations. However, twenty integer instructions, many of them conditional modern computers perform binary arithmetic, operations, and even if the instructions are executed which has flaws in representing and rounding the on an architecture which goes to great lengths to numbers. -
Solaris Powerpc Edition: Installing Solaris Software—May 1996 What Is a Profile
SolarisPowerPC Edition: Installing Solaris Software 2550 Garcia Avenue Mountain View, CA 94043 U.S.A. A Sun Microsystems, Inc. Business Copyright 1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 2550 Garcia Avenue, Mountain View, California 94043-1100 U.S.A. All rights reserved. This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Portions of this product may be derived from the UNIX® system, licensed from Novell, Inc., and from the Berkeley 4.3 BSD system, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and other countries and is exclusively licensed by X/Open Company Ltd. Third-party software, including font technology in this product, is protected by copyright and licensed from Sun’s suppliers. RESTRICTED RIGHTS LEGEND: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c)(1)(ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013 and FAR 52.227-19. Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Solaris, Solstice, SunOS, OpenWindows, ONC, NFS, DeskSet are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc.