The Brain Mechanisms of Conscious Access and Introspection
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Phd Position on the Sensorimotor and Social Mechanisms of Hallucinations in Healthy Participants and Patients with Parkinson’S Disease
PhD position on the sensorimotor and social mechanisms of hallucinations in healthy participants and patients with Parkinson’s Disease. Prof. Olaf Blanke Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland The LaBoratory of Cognitive Neuroscience, directed By Olaf Blanke (https://www.epfl.ch/laBs/lnco/), has an open position for a PhD student on the investigation of the sensorimotor and social brain mechanisms of a specific hallucination (presence hallucination; Blanke et al., Current Biology 2014; Arzy et al., Nature 2006) in healthy participants and in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). The project will couple roBotics, virtual reality (VR), experimental psychology, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and is part of a larger research project on hallucinations. Most patients with PD are not only affected by motor symptoms (e.g., tremor), but also experience hallucinations as a symptom of the disease (Lenka et al., Neurology 2019). Despite the high prevalence of patients with hallucinations, the neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. By comBining MRI-compatible roBotics (Hara et al., J Neuroscience Methods 2014) and MRI-compatible VR, the present project plans to investigate how sensorimotor and social stimulation can induce and mimic symptomatic hallucinations (in patients with PD and in healthy participants) in a fully controlled environment. The ideal candidate should have a Master degree (or equivalent) in computer science, neuroscience, medicine, psychology, or engineering, Be strongly motivated with a keen interest in cognitive-systems neuroscience and neuroimaging/signal analysis. A strong neuroimaging background (fMRI), previous research experience in the experimental psychology, and/or strong programming skills (Matlab, python, etc.) are a plus. -
Dehaene Et Al (2008)
Log or Linear? Distinct Intuitions of the Number Scale in Western and Amazonian Indigene Cultures Stanislas Dehaene, et al. Science 320, 1217 (2008); DOI: 10.1126/science.1156540 The following resources related to this article are available online at www.sciencemag.org (this information is current as of June 6, 2008 ): Updated information and services, including high-resolution figures, can be found in the online version of this article at: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5880/1217 Supporting Online Material can be found at: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5880/1217/DC1 This article cites 24 articles, 4 of which can be accessed for free: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/320/5880/1217#otherarticles Information about obtaining reprints of this article or about obtaining permission to reproduce this article in whole or in part can be found at: on June 6, 2008 http://www.sciencemag.org/about/permissions.dtl www.sciencemag.org Downloaded from Science (print ISSN 0036-8075; online ISSN 1095-9203) is published weekly, except the last week in December, by the American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20005. Copyright 2008 by the American Association for the Advancement of Science; all rights reserved. The title Science is a registered trademark of AAAS. REPORTS Before formal schooling, Western children may Log or Linear? Distinct Intuitions of the acquire the number-line concept from Arabic nu- merals seen on elevators, rulers, books, etc. Thus, Number Scale in Western and existing studies do not reveal which aspects of the number-space mapping constitute a basic in- tuition that would continue to exist in the absence Amazonian Indigene Cultures of a structured mathematical language and educa- 1,2,3,4 1,2,4,5 5 6 tion. -
How Much Are We Willing to Pay for a Fossil?
OPINION NATURE|Vol 462|24/31 December 2009 CORRESPONDENCE Goodbye to Darwin popular religious beliefs in some ‘theory of progressive change’. (1858–1925) and Otto Dix conservative societies across the In fact, the word jinhualun (1891–1969). Some milder from a contemporary eastern world. There, the writings originated in Japan in the 1870s, conditions can even enhance with vision and thoughts of intellectuals, gaining popularity in China only productivity and creativity. For however influential, are no match after appearing in Ma Junwu’s example, the metaphysical art of One night some 40 years ago, for traditional religion. later translation of Darwin’s The Giorgio de Chirico (1888–1978) I was working late and alone in the For example, in Pakistan it was Origin of Species. may have been inspired by library at the Marine Biology not until 2002 that a chapter on Instead, Yan Fu coined the migraine or epilepsy. Laboratory at Woods Hole (in evolution was included for the term tianyanlun. The Chinese Kemp focuses entirely those days, the library never really first time in a school textbook, as a words tian and yan are layered in on the beholder, as though closed), searching for something result of the federal government’s meaning, with tian translatable as — to paraphrase the French in the 1882 volume of Archiv für educational reforms. The earlier ‘heaven’ and yan as ‘development’ philosopher Roland Barthes Protistenkunde. As I opened it, out decades of attempts to suppress or ‘performance’, among other (Aspen 5–6; 1967) — the birth of fell a folded page from the magazine scientific ideas were certainly not concepts. -
3. Memory Enhancement and Cognitive Engineering
3. Memory enhancement and cognitive engineering By Olaf Blanke (Professor and Bertarelli Chair in Cognitive Neuroprosthetics, EPFL), Baptiste Gauthier (Senior Researcher, EPFL) with contributions through interviews from Itzhak Fried (Professor at the Brain Research Institute, University of California Los Angeles), Johannes Gräff (Professor at the Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics) , Bryan Johnson (CEO, Kernel) and Michael Kahana (Professor for Computational Memory, University of Pennsylvania) and edited by Moheb Costandi. Key Concepts Deep Brain Stimulation is an experimental surgical procedure that involves chronic implantation of stimulating wire electrodes into deep brain structures. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Deep Brain Stimulation as a treatment for the motor symptoms of movement disorders in 1997, and since then the technique has been used to treat approximately 150,000 Parkinson’s Disease patients. It is also being used experimentally to treat various psychiatric conditions, including major depressive disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Optogenetics is an experimental technique that offers by far the most sophisticated approach to manipulating memories. Developed over the past 15 years, optogenetics involves targeting specific neuronal cell types with genetic constructs containing light-sensitive algal genes. The constructs render specific, genetically targeted sub-sets of neurons sensitive to light, so that they can be activated or inhibited with light pulses delivered into the brain by means of optical fibres. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation stimulates brain activity by inducing a magnetic field that modulates the activity of neuronal populations within a targeted region of the cerebral cortex. Developed in 1985, the technique is being investigated as a treatment for various psychiatric conditions and received FDA approval as a treatment for drug-resistant major depression in 2008. -
Neural Mechanisms of Embodiment Asomatognosia Due to Premotor Cortex Damage
OBSERVATION Neural Mechanisms of Embodiment Asomatognosia Due to Premotor Cortex Damage Shahar Arzy, MD; Leila S. Overney, PhD; Theodor Landis, MD; Olaf Blanke, MD, PhD Background: Patients with asomatognosia generally de- and motor cortices. The patient’s pathological embodi- scribe parts of their body as missing or disappeared from cor- ment for her left arm was associated with mild left poreal awareness. This disturbance is generally attributed somatosensory loss, mild frontal dysfunction, and a to damage in the right posterior parietal cortex. However, behavioral deficit in the mental imagery of human recent neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies sug- arms. gest that corporeal awareness and embodiment of body parts areinsteadlinkedtothepremotorcortexofbothhemispheres. Conclusion: Asomatognosia may also be associated with damage to the right premotor cortex. Patient: We describe a patient with asomatognosia of her left arm due to damage in the right premotor Arch Neurol. 2006;63:1022-1025 SOMATOGNOSIA IS DEFINED arm or hand. After several minutes, the pa- as a patient’s feeling that tient experienced progressive restoration of parts of his or her body are her left hand and arm starting laterally, then “missing” or have disap- medially (Figure 1C), while leaving 2 holes peared from corporeal in the middle of her hand (Figure 1D). Later awareness.A1 Evidence from patients with fo- the 2 holes fused (Figure 1E) until the arm cal brain damage suggests that asomatog- was complete again (Figure 1F), and she was nosia is linked to posterior parietal le- able to move it some minutes later. No other sions, especially of the right hemisphere, bodypartsorelementsofextrapersonalspace and generally affects the contralesional were experienced as modified. -
CNS 2014 Program
Cognitive Neuroscience Society 21st Annual Meeting, April 5-8, 2014 Marriott Copley Place Hotel, Boston, Massachusetts 2014 Annual Meeting Program Contents 2014 Committees & Staff . 2 Schedule Overview . 3 . Keynotes . 5 2014 George A . Miller Awardee . 6. Distinguished Career Contributions Awardee . 7 . Young Investigator Awardees . 8 . General Information . 10 Exhibitors . 13 . Invited-Symposium Sessions . 14 Mini-Symposium Sessions . 18 Poster Schedule . 32. Poster Session A . 33 Poster Session B . 66 Poster Session C . 98 Poster Session D . 130 Poster Session E . 163 Poster Session F . 195 . Poster Session G . 227 Poster Topic Index . 259. Author Index . 261 . Boston Marriott Copley Place Floorplan . 272. A Supplement of the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience Society c/o Center for the Mind and Brain 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95616 ISSN 1096-8857 © CNS www.cogneurosociety.org 2014 Committees & Staff Governing Board Mini-Symposium Committee Roberto Cabeza, Ph.D., Duke University David Badre, Ph.D., Brown University (Chair) Marta Kutas, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego Adam Aron, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego Helen Neville, Ph.D., University of Oregon Lila Davachi, Ph.D., New York University Daniel Schacter, Ph.D., Harvard University Elizabeth Kensinger, Ph.D., Boston College Michael S. Gazzaniga, Ph.D., University of California, Gina Kuperberg, Ph.D., Harvard University Santa Barbara (ex officio) Thad Polk, Ph.D., University of Michigan George R. Mangun, Ph.D., University of California, -
Jean-Pierre G. Changeux
EDITORIAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE Marina Bentivoglio Larry F. Cahill Stanley Finger Duane E. Haines Louise H. Marshall Thomas A. Woolsey Larry R. Squire (Chairperson) The History of Neuroscience in Autobiography VOLUME 4 Edited by Larry R. Squire ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS Amsterdam Boston Heidelberg London New York Oxford Paris San Diego San Francisco Singapore Sydney Tokyo This book is printed on acid-free paper. (~ Copyright 9 byThe Society for Neuroscience All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier's Science & Technology Rights Department in Oxford, UK: phone: (+44) 1865 843830, fax: (+44) 1865 853333, e-mail: [email protected]. You may also complete your request on-line via the Elsevier homepage (http://elsevier.com), by selecting "Customer Support" and then "Obtaining Permissions." Academic Press An imprint of Elsevier 525 B Street, Suite 1900, San Diego, California 92101-4495, USA http ://www.academicpress.com Academic Press 84 Theobald's Road, London WC 1X 8RR, UK http://www.academicpress.com Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2003 111249 International Standard Book Number: 0-12-660246-8 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 04 05 06 07 08 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents Per Andersen 2 Mary Bartlett Bunge 40 Jan Bures 74 Jean Pierre G. Changeux 116 William Maxwell (Max) Cowan 144 John E. Dowling 210 Oleh Hornykiewicz 240 Andrew F. -
SCIENCE and SUSTAINABILITY Impacts of Scientific Knowledge and Technology on Human Society and Its Environment
EM AD IA C S A C I A E PONTIFICIAE ACADEMIAE SCIENTIARVM ACTA 24 I N C T I I F A I R T V N Edited by Werner Arber M O P Joachim von Braun Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo SCIENCE and SUSTAINABILITY Impacts of Scientific Knowledge and Technology on Human Society and Its Environment Plenary Session | 25-29 November 2016 Casina Pio IV | Vatican City LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA VATICAN CITY 2020 Science and Sustainability. Impacts of Scientific Knowledge and Technology on Human Society and its Environment Pontificiae Academiae Scientiarvm Acta 24 The Proceedings of the Plenary Session on Science and Sustainability. Impacts of Scientific Knowledge and Technology on Human Society and its Environment 25-29 November 2016 Edited by Werner Arber Joachim von Braun Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo EX AEDIBVS ACADEMICIS IN CIVITATE VATICANA • MMXX The Pontifical Academy of Sciences Casina Pio IV, 00120 Vatican City Tel: +39 0669883195 • Fax: +39 0669885218 Email: [email protected] • Website: www.pas.va The opinions expressed with absolute freedom during the presentation of the papers of this meeting, although published by the Academy, represent only the points of view of the participants and not those of the Academy. ISBN 978-88-7761-113-0 © Copyright 2020 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, pho- tocopying or otherwise without the expressed written permission of the publisher. PONTIFICIA ACADEMIA SCIENTIARVM LIBRERIA EDITRICE VATICANA VATICAN CITY The climate is a common good, belonging to all and meant for all. -
Consciousness, Accessibility, and the Mesh Between Psychology and Neuroscience
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2007) 30, 481–548 Printed in the United States of America doi: 10.1017/S0140525X07002786 Consciousness, accessibility, and the mesh between psychology and neuroscience Ned Block Department of Philosophy, New York University, New York, NY 10003 [email protected] Abstract: How can we disentangle the neural basis of phenomenal consciousness from the neural machinery of the cognitive access that underlies reports of phenomenal consciousness? We see the problem in stark form if we ask how we can tell whether representations inside a Fodorian module are phenomenally conscious. The methodology would seem straightforward: Find the neural natural kinds that are the basis of phenomenal consciousness in clear cases – when subjects are completely confident and we have no reason to doubt their authority – and look to see whether those neural natural kinds exist within Fodorian modules. But a puzzle arises: Do we include the machinery underlying reportability within the neural natural kinds of the clear cases? If the answer is “Yes,” then there can be no phenomenally conscious representations in Fodorian modules. But how can we know if the answer is “Yes”? The suggested methodology requires an answer to the question it was supposed to answer! This target article argues for an abstract solution to the problem and exhibits a source of empirical data that is relevant, data that show that in a certain sense phenomenal consciousness overflows cognitive accessibility. I argue that we can find a neural realizer of this overflow if we assume that the neural basis of phenomenal consciousness does not include the neural basis of cognitive accessibility and that this assumption is justified (other things being equal) by the explanations it allows. -
A N N U a L R E P O R T 2 0
0 1 0 2 Acknowledgements T R HFSPO is grateful for the support of the following organizations: O P Australia E R National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) L Canada A Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR) U Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) N European Union N European Commission - A Directorate General Information Society (DG INFSO) European Commission - Directorate General Research (DG RESEARCH) France Communauté Urbaine de Strasbourg (CUS) Ministère des Affaires Etrangères et Européennes (MAEE) Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche (MESR) Région Alsace Germany Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) India Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology Italy Ministry of Education, University and Research (CNR) Japan Ministry for Economy, Trade and Industry (METI) Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) Republic of Korea Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) New Zealand Health Research Council (HRC) Norway Research Council of Norway (RCN) Switzerland State Secretariat for Education and Research (SER) United Kingdom The International Human Frontier Science Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Program Organization (HFSPO) Council (BBSRC) 12 quai Saint Jean - BP 10034 Medical Research Council (MRC) 67080 Strasbourg CEDEX - France Fax. +33 (0)3 88 32 88 97 United States of America e-mail: [email protected] National Institutes of Health (NIH) Web site: www.hfsp.org National Science Foundation (NSF) Japanese web site: http://jhfsp.jsf.or.jp HUMAN FRONTIER SCIENCE PROGRAM The Human Frontier Science Program is unique, supporting international collaboration to undertake innovative, risky, basic research at the frontiers of the life sciences. -
Curriculum Vitae Stanislas Dehaene Born May 12Th 1965 in Roubaix
Last updated Monday, 13 February 2017 Curriculum Vitae Stanislas Dehaene Inserm-CEA Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit Born May 12th 1965 in Roubaix (France) CEA/SAC/DSV/DRM/NeuroSpin Married to Ghislaine Dehaene-Lambertz, Bât 145, Point Courrier 156, 3 F-91191 3 children (Guillaume, David, Olivier) GIF/YVETTE, FRANCE Phone : 33 (0)1 69 08 79 32 Email: [email protected] Fax : 33 (0)1 69 08 79 73 Websites for additional information and publications: Research : www.unicog.org Teaching : http://www.college-de-france.fr/default/EN/all/psy_cog/index.htm Education/Training Year Institution and Location Degree Field of study 1999 Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Habilitation to Cognitive neuroscience Sciences sociales (EHESS), Paris direct research 1989 Ecole des Hautes Etudes en PhD Cognitive science Sciences sociales (EHESS), Paris 1985 University of Paris VI Masters Applied mathematics and computer science 1984-1989 Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris Mathematics Research and professional experience 2005- Professor at the Collège de France, chair of Experimental Cognitive Psychology 2002- Director of the INSERM-CEA Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, France 1997-2005 Research Director at INSERM (French National Institute of Health and Medical Research) 1992-1994 Post-doctoral Fellow, Institute of Cognitive and Decision Sciences, University of Oregon (USA), director Michael Posner 1989-1999 Research Scientist, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, Paris, France 1984-1989 Ecole Normale Supérieure, Mathematics sections 1982-1984 Ecole préparatoire Ste Geneviève, Versailles (Mathematics section) Major grants 2016-2021 European Research Council Senior Grant (2 500 000 €) 2013-2023 Human Brain Project (leader of the “cognitive architectures” subproject) 2011-2014 ANR “Neural bases of hierarchical constituent structure" (with C. -
Out-Of-Body Experiences: All in the Brain?
Out-of-Body Experiences: All in the Brain? Janice M. Holden, Ed.D. University of North Texas, Denton, TX Jeffrey Long, M.D. Near-Death Experience Research Foundation, Gallup, NM Jason MacLurg, M.D. Seattle, WA ABSTRACT: In 2002, four Swiss physicians published an article in the leading scientific journal Nature claiming to have induced an out-of-body experience (OBE) through focal electrical stimulation of the brain of a patient undergoing surgical evaluation for epilepsy treatment (Blanke, Ortigue, Landis, and Seeck, 2002). The article's subtitle authors claimed that "the part of the brain that can induce out-of-body experiences has been located" (Blanke, Ortigue, Landis, and Seeck, 2002, p. 269) and the subtitle of the accompanying report on the journal's website read "stimulating brain region elicits illusion often attributed to the paranormal" (Pearson, 2002). We present arguments supporting the conclusion that the subtitle claims were not well-founded and that much research remains to be conducted to unravel the mystery of OBEs. KEY WORDS: out-of-body experience; temporal lobe; brain stimulation. A one-page print article in 2002 in the journal Nature was provocatively titled "Stimulating illusory own-body perceptions: The part of the brain that can induce out-of-body experiences has been located" (Blanke, Ortigue, Landis, and Seeck, 2002, p. 269). The Janice M. Holden, Ed.D., is Professor of Counseling and Interim Chair of the Department of Counseling, Development, and Higher Education in the College of Education at the University of North Texas in Denton, TX. Jeffrey Long, M.D., is a radiation oncologist and founder of the Near-Death Experience Research Foundation (www.nderf.org).