20210513 Faces of the Price of Freedom Alphabetical Listing.Xlsx
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The Afghanistan-Pakistan Wars, 2008–2009: Micro-Geographies, Conflict Diffusion, and Clusters of Violence
The Afghanistan-Pakistan Wars, 2008–2009: Micro-geographies, Conflict Diffusion, and Clusters of Violence John O’Loughlin, Frank D. W. Witmer, and Andrew M. Linke1 Abstract: A team of political geographers analyzes over 5,000 violent events collected from media reports for the Afghanistan and Pakistan conflicts during 2008 and 2009. The violent events are geocoded to precise locations and the authors employ an exploratory spatial data analysis approach to examine the recent dynamics of the wars. By mapping the violence and examining its temporal dimensions, the authors explain its diffusion from traditional foci along the border between the two countries. While violence is still overwhelmingly concentrated in the Pashtun regions in both countries, recent policy shifts by the American and Pakistani gov- ernments in the conduct of the war are reflected in a sizeable increase in overall violence and its geographic spread to key cities. The authors identify and map the clusters (hotspots) of con- flict where the violence is significantly higher than expected and examine their shifts over the two-year period. Special attention is paid to the targeting strategy of drone missile strikes and the increase in their number and geographic extent by the Obama administration. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: H560, H770, O180. 15 figures, 1 table, 113 ref- erences. Key words: Afghanistan, Pakistan, Taliban, Al- Qaeda, insurgency, Islamic terrorism, U.S. military, International Security Assistance Forces, Durand Line, Tribal Areas, Northwest Frontier Province, ACLED, NATO. merica’s “longest war” is now (August 2010) nearing its ninth anniversary. It was Alaunched in October 2001 as a “war of necessity” (Barack Obama, August 17, 2009) to remove the Taliban from power in Afghanistan, and thus remove the support of this regime for Al-Qaeda, the terrorist organization that carried out the September 2001 attacks in the United States. -
SURVIVAL of the WARZONE INTERPRETER -Behind the Untold Story
ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - UNIVERSITÀ di BOLOGNA SCUOLA DI LINGUE E LETTERATURE, TRADUZIONE E INTERPRETAZIONE SEDE DI FORLÌ CORSO di LAUREA IN MEDIAZIONE LINGUISTICA INTERCULTURALE (Classe L-12) ELABORATO FINALE SURVIVAL OF THE WARZONE INTERPRETER -Behind the untold story- CANDIDATO RELATORE Jessica Zagolin Antonietta Iacoviello Anno Accademico 2014/2015 Sessione seconda INDEX INTRODUCTION 1. ARE INTERPRETERS IN CONFLICT ZONES NEUTRAL? 1.1 Who are the interpreters in conflict zones? 1.1.1 The problem of neutrality 1.2 Relationship between the military and interpreters 1.3 Interpreters in their local communities: friends or enemies? 2. THE UNITED STATES SITUATION: PROTECTION OR INDIFFERENCE? 2.1 Special Immigrant Visa 2.2 The difficulties of the SIV process 2.2.1 Serious and ongoing threat 2.2.2 Faithful and valuable service 2.3 The reality 2.3.1 An alternative solution 3. PROJECTS TO SAVE THE LIVES OF THE INTERPRETERS 3.1 AIIC 3.2 InZone 3.3 IRAP 3.4 No One Left Behind CONCLUSION REFERENCES WEBSITES 1 INTRODUCTION Recently, an increasing number of people have been travelling for many reasons: some of them move in order to start a new life elsewhere, others to search a better economic future, for business reasons or because they are fleeing from the recent wars or from religious or political persecutions. With considerable cultural differences, many people are now living together, creating new multicultural societies where communication may be difficult or even impossible, with a consequent risk of misunderstanding during the interaction. In order to avoid this situation, the primary need is to eliminate linguistic and socio-cultural barriers and this can only be achieved with the help of interpreters. -
Common Afghans‟, a Useful Construct for Achieving Results in Afghanistan
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 1 No. 6; June2011 „Common Afghans‟, A useful construct for achieving results in Afghanistan Fahim Youssofzai Associate Professor (Strategic Management) Department of Business Administration, RMC/CMR P.O. Box: 17000, Stn. Forces Kingston, Ontario, K7K 7B4, Canada E-mail: [email protected], Phone: (613) 541 6000 Abstract Considering the seemingly perpetual problems in Afghanistan, this paper defines a new construct – the Common Afghans – and argues why it should be considered in strategic reflections and actions related to stability of this country. It tries to show that part of ill-performance in comes from the fact that the contributions of an important stakeholder “the Common Afghans” are ignored in the processes undertaken by international stakeholders in this country since 2002. It argues why considering the notion “Common Afghans” is helpful for achieving concrete results related to different initiatives undertaken in Afghanistan, by different stakeholders. Key words: Afghanistan, Common Afghans, Accurate unit of analysis, Policies, Strategies 1. Introduction Afghanistan looks to be in perpetual turmoil. In a recent desperate reflection, Robert Blackwill, a former official in the Bush administration and former US ambassador to India suggests partition of Afghanistan since the US cannot win war in this county (POLITICO, 2010). On same mood, Jack Wheeler defines Afghanistan as “...a problem, not a real country…”. According to Wheeler, “…the solution to the problem is not a futile effort of “nation-building” – that effort is doomed to fail – it is nation-building‟s opposite: get rid of the problem by getting rid of the country…” (Wheeler, 2010). -
Violence, Terrorism, and Identity Politics in Afghanistan: the Securitisation of Higher Education
social sciences $€ £ ¥ Article Violence, Terrorism, and Identity Politics in Afghanistan: The Securitisation of Higher Education Christian Kaunert 1,* and Arif Sahar 2 1 International Centre for Policing and Security, University of South Wales, Pontypridd CF37 4BD, UK 2 Centre of Excellence in Terrorism, Resilience, Intelligence and Organised Crime Research [CENTRIC], Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: This article investigates the securitisation of the higher education sector in Afghanistan by examining ‘hidden’ non-discursive practices as opposed to overt discursive threat construction. Non-discursive practices are framed by the habitus inherited from different social fields, whereas in Afghanistan, securitising actors converge from different habitus (e.g., institutions, professions, backgrounds) to bar the ‘other’ ethnic or social groups from resources and spaces which could empower these groups to become a pertinent threat, a fear, and a danger to the monopoly of the state elites over the state power and resources. The most prominent securitisation practices emerging from the data include mainly (1) the obstruction of the formation of critical ideas and politics; (2) the obstruction of economic opportunities; and (3) the obstruction of social justice. This article deploys a case study methodology and uses the Kabul University as its subject of investigation. Keywords: Afghanistan; securitisation; violence; higher education; identity politics; statebuilding Citation: Kaunert, Christian, and Arif Sahar. 2021. Violence, Terrorism, 1. Introduction and Identity Politics in Afghanistan: The Afghan state has been juggling an amalgamation of competing forces, including The Securitisation of Higher the power of Islam, tribal politics, ethnic grievances, socioeconomic underdevelopment, Education. -
Afghan Opiate Trade 2009.Indb
ADDICTION, CRIME AND INSURGENCY The transnational threat of Afghan opium UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna ADDICTION, CRIME AND INSURGENCY The transnational threat of Afghan opium Copyright © United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), October 2009 Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the UNODC Studies and Threat Analysis Section (STAS), in the framework of the UNODC Trends Monitoring and Analysis Programme/Afghan Opiate Trade sub-Programme, and with the collaboration of the UNODC Country Office in Afghanistan and the UNODC Regional Office for Central Asia. UNODC field offices for East Asia and the Pacific, the Middle East and North Africa, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, Southern Africa, South Asia and South Eastern Europe also provided feedback and support. A number of UNODC colleagues gave valuable inputs and comments, including, in particular, Thomas Pietschmann (Statistics and Surveys Section) who reviewed all the opiate statistics and flow estimates presented in this report. UNODC is grateful to the national and international institutions which shared their knowledge and data with the report team, including, in particular, the Anti Narcotics Force of Pakistan, the Afghan Border Police, the Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan and the World Customs Organization. Thanks also go to the staff of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and of the United Nations Department of Safety and Security, Afghanistan. Report Team Research and report preparation: Hakan Demirbüken (Lead researcher, Afghan -
Central Eurasia 2006
CENTRAL EURASIA 2006 Analytical ANNUAL CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2007 1 CENTRAL EURASIAFOUNDED 2006 AND PUBLISHED AnalyticalBY Annual INSTITUTE INSTITUTE O OR CENTRAL ASIAN AND STRATEGIC STUDIES O CAUCASIAN STUDIES THE CAUCASUS Registration number: 620720-0459 Registration number: M-770 State Administration for Ministry of Justice of Patents and Registration of Sweden Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press®. SWEDEN Registration number: 556699-5964 S c i e n t i f i c E d i t o r i a l B o a r d Eldar ISMAILOV C h a i r m a n Tel./fax: (994-12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Murad ESENOV D e p u t y C h a i r m a n Tel./fax: (46) 920 62016 E-mail: [email protected] Jannatkhan EYVAZOV E x e c u t i v e S e c r e t a ry Tel./fax: (994-12) 499 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Abbas MALEKI Doctor, Director General, International Institute for Caspian Studies (Iran) Ainura ELEBAEVA Doctor of Philosophy, professor, director of the Research Institute of Ethnology, International University of Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz Republic) Ariel COHEN Doctor, leading analyst, The Heritage Foundation, U.S.A. (U.S.A.) Vitaly NAUMKIN Doctor of History, professor, Director, Center for Strategic and International Studies of RF (Russian Federation) 2 Vladimer PAPAVA Doctor of Economics, professor, Senior Fellow, Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (Georgia), Fulbright Fellow, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, The Nitze School-SAIS, Johns Hopkins University (U.S.) S. -
World Bank Document
PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) APPRAISAL STAGE Report No.: AB4380 Afghanistan Financial Sector Strengthening Project Project Name Public Disclosure Authorized Region SOUTH ASIA Sector Banking (60%);General finance sector (40%) Project ID P110644 Borrower(s) GOVERNMENT OF AFGHANISTAN Implementing Agency Environment Category [ ] A [ ] B [X] C [ ] FI [ ] TBD (to be determined) Date PID Prepared February 5 , 2009 Date of Appraisal February 12, 2009 Authorization Date of Board Approval April 30, 2009 1. Country and Sector Background Public Disclosure Authorized Despite a deteriorating security environment and increasing constraints to private sector development, Afghanistan experienced robust economic growth over the last few years: real GDP is expected to have grown by 11.4 percent in 2007/08 (GDP US$9.6 billion) and 7.5 percent in 2008/09 (GDP US$12.8 billion). Per capita income increased from US$125 to US$300 from 2002 to 2008. Alongside of this economic growth in Afghanistan, there also has been considerable effort to rebuild the financial sector in terms of its institutional and legal framework, which has led to an increased number of private commercial banks operating in Afghanistan. Despite this overall growth, a weak financial sector still remains one of the major binding constraints to private sector development in Afghanistan. Currently, the sector does not meet the financial needs of industries and individuals, nor provide adequate financial services to business. Due to highly Public Disclosure Authorized collateralized lending practices along with a lack of financial intermediation capacity in the financial sector, access to credit remains a serious constraint to private sector development. The share of total credit to GDP is 6.7% (2007) in Afghanistan, which is far less than the average share of credit to GDP within South Asia at 43%. -
Rents, Patronage, and Defection: State-Building and Insurgency in Afghanistan
Rents, Patronage, and Defection: State-building and Insurgency in Afghanistan Anand Gopal Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2017 © 2017 Anand Gopal All rights reserved ABSTRACT Rents, Patronage, and Defection: State-building and Insurgency in Afghanistan Anand Gopal Afghanistan has been one of the most protracted conflicts modern era, but theories of civil war onset fail to explain the war’s causes or its patterns of violence. This thesis examines the origins of the post-2001 period of the conflict through the perspective of state formation; although many civil wars today unfold in newly-forming states, the processes of center-periphery relations and elite incorporation have been little studied in the context of political violence. The thesis first describes how Afghanistan’s embeddedness in the international state system and global markets undermined the nascent state’s efforts to centralize and bureaucratize, leading instead to warlordism and neopatrimonialism. Second, it demonstrates that the development of an insurgency after 2001 was due not to ethnic grievance or rebel opportunities for profit, but rather to the degree to which local elites were excluded from state patronage. Third, it examines the role of ideology and social position in the Afghan Taliban movement. The dissertation seeks to offer a theory of political violence in Afghanistan that can, mutatis mutandis, help explain key features of civil war -
Suicide Attacks in Afghanistan: Why Now?
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Political Science Department -- Theses, Dissertations, and Student Scholarship Political Science, Department of Spring 5-2013 SUICIDE ATTACKS IN AFGHANISTAN: WHY NOW? Ghulam Farooq Mujaddidi University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/poliscitheses Part of the Comparative Politics Commons, and the International Relations Commons Mujaddidi, Ghulam Farooq, "SUICIDE ATTACKS IN AFGHANISTAN: WHY NOW?" (2013). Political Science Department -- Theses, Dissertations, and Student Scholarship. 25. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/poliscitheses/25 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Political Science, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Department -- Theses, Dissertations, and Student Scholarship by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. SUICIDE ATTACKS IN AFGHANISTAN: WHY NOW? by Ghulam Farooq Mujaddidi A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Major: Political Science Under the Supervision of Professor Patrice C. McMahon Lincoln, Nebraska May, 2013 SUICIDE ATTACKS IN AFGHANISTAN: WHY NOW? Ghulam Farooq Mujaddidi, M.A. University of Nebraska, 2013 Adviser: Patrice C. McMahon Why, contrary to their predecessors, did the Taliban resort to use of suicide attacks in the 2000s in Afghanistan? By drawing from terrorist innovation literature and Michael Horowitz’s adoption capacity theory—a theory of diffusion of military innovation—the author argues that suicide attacks in Afghanistan is better understood as an innovation or emulation of a new technique to retaliate in asymmetric warfare when insurgents face arms embargo, military pressure, and have direct links to external terrorist groups. -
Fall 2010 Fall
AIR & SPACE POWER JOURNAL, Fall 2010 AIR & SPACE Fall 2010 Volume XXIV, No. 3 Lorenz on Leadership Part 3 Gen Stephen R. Lorenz, USAF Reenabling Air Force Command and Control for Twenty-first-Century Partnerships Lt Gen Philip Breedlove, USAF Maj Brian Tyler, USAF Seeing the Whole Elephant Envisioning a Successful Light Attack Program for the US Air Force Lt Col Michael W. Pietrucha, USAF Femme Fatale 2010 Lt Col Kristal L. Alfonso, USAF Civilian Language Education in America How the Air Force and Academia Can Thrive Together Col John Conway, USAF, Retired Chief of Staff, US Air Force Gen Norton A. Schwartz Commander, Air Education and Training Command Gen Stephen R. Lorenz http://www.af.mil Commander, Air University Lt Gen Allen G. Peck Director, Air Force Research Institute Gen John A. Shaud, USAF, Retired Chief, Professional Journals Lt Col Paul D. Berg Deputy Chief, Professional Journals Maj Darren K. Stanford http://www.aetc.randolph.af.mil Editor Capt Lori Katowich Professional Staff Marvin W. Bassett, Contributing Editor Tammi K. Long, Editorial Assistant Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator L. Susan Fair, Illustrator Ann Bailey, Prepress Production Manager The Air and Space Power Journal (ISSN 1554-2505), Air Force Recurring Publication 10-1, published quarterly, http://www.au.af.mil is the professional journal of the United States Air Force. It is designed to serve as an open forum for the presentation and stimulation of innovative thinking on military doctrine, strategy, force structure, readiness, Air and Space Power Journal and other matters of national defense. The views and 155 N. Twining Street opinions expressed or implied in the Journal are those Maxwell AFB AL 36112-6026 of the authors and should not be construed as carrying the official sanction of the Department of Defense, e-mail: [email protected] Air Force, Air Education and Training Command, Air Visit Air and Space Power Journal online University, or other agencies or departments of the US at http://www.airpower.au.af.mil. -
Afghanistan Bibliography 2019
Afghanistan Analyst Bibliography 2019 Compiled by Christian Bleuer Afghanistan Analysts Network Kabul 3 Afghanistan Analyst Bibliography 2019 Afghanistan Analysts Network (AAN), Kabul, Afghanistan This work is licensed under this creative commons license: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/legalcode The Afghanistan Analysts Network (AAN) is a non-profit, independent policy research organisation. It aims to bring together the knowledge, experience and drive of a large number of experts to better inform policy and to increase the understanding of Afghan realities. It is driven by engagement and curiosity and is committed to producing independent, high quality and research-based analysis on developments in Afghanistan. The institutional structure of AAN includes a core team of analysts and a network of contributors with expertise in the fields of Afghan politics, governance, rule of law, security, and regional affairs. AAN publishes regular in-depth thematic reports, policy briefings and comments. The main channel for dissemination of these publications is the AAN web site: https://www.afghanistan-analysts.org/ Cover illustration: “City of Kandahar, with main bazaar and citadel, Afghanistan.” Lithograph by Lieutenant James Rattray, c. 1847. Coloured by R. Carrick. TABLE OF CONTENTS Bibliography Introduction and Guide ..................................................................... 6 1. Ethnic Groups ................................................................................................... -
Alumni Journal
et al.: Alumni Journal ALUMNI JOURNAL I 1-800-SUALUMS (782-5867) alumni.syr.edu Trad itions » Staying Connected Online A MAJOR GOAL OF BOTH THE SYRACUSE University Alumni Association (SUAA) and the Office of Alumni Relations (OAR) is to make sure that you, our alumni and friends, are informed about all the activities we sponsor for you and everything happening on campus. So how do we get the word out to you? More than ever before, we are taking advantage of e-mail messages and postingson our web site. Each month, for instance, OAR produces Orangebytes, an e-newsletter that is e-mailed to alumni, pro viding information about campus happenings and SU events around the world, including the latest news on The Ryan Chadick, far right, is honored with SU's first Orange Spirit Award. Joining him were Neil Gold '70, former alumni Campaign for Syracuse University. SU alumni clubs-now in more association president; Lauren D'Angelo, a member of the Traditions than 50 cities in the United States, Europe, and Asia-use OAR's Commission; and Chancellor Nancy Cantor. e-mail blast service and also e-mail notes to alumni in their areas about upcoming events. Many of you may also hear directly from Orange Spirit Award Recognizes your own schools or colleges, which use OAR's e-mail blast service to stay in touch. Pride, Tradition, and Service Are you missing out on this information? The University has e-mail addresses for more than 48 percent of its 230,773 alumni. BEFORE A CHEERING HOMECOMING CROWD IN THE If you aren't on that list, visit our web site (alumni.syr.edu) and click Carrier Dome in 2005, Ryan Chadick '08 took his place on "Online Community." Here you can register your e-mail address, on the field for a celebration of honored SU community update your profile and contact information, and find out what is members.