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SURVIVAL of the WARZONE INTERPRETER -Behind the Untold Story
ALMA MATER STUDIORUM - UNIVERSITÀ di BOLOGNA SCUOLA DI LINGUE E LETTERATURE, TRADUZIONE E INTERPRETAZIONE SEDE DI FORLÌ CORSO di LAUREA IN MEDIAZIONE LINGUISTICA INTERCULTURALE (Classe L-12) ELABORATO FINALE SURVIVAL OF THE WARZONE INTERPRETER -Behind the untold story- CANDIDATO RELATORE Jessica Zagolin Antonietta Iacoviello Anno Accademico 2014/2015 Sessione seconda INDEX INTRODUCTION 1. ARE INTERPRETERS IN CONFLICT ZONES NEUTRAL? 1.1 Who are the interpreters in conflict zones? 1.1.1 The problem of neutrality 1.2 Relationship between the military and interpreters 1.3 Interpreters in their local communities: friends or enemies? 2. THE UNITED STATES SITUATION: PROTECTION OR INDIFFERENCE? 2.1 Special Immigrant Visa 2.2 The difficulties of the SIV process 2.2.1 Serious and ongoing threat 2.2.2 Faithful and valuable service 2.3 The reality 2.3.1 An alternative solution 3. PROJECTS TO SAVE THE LIVES OF THE INTERPRETERS 3.1 AIIC 3.2 InZone 3.3 IRAP 3.4 No One Left Behind CONCLUSION REFERENCES WEBSITES 1 INTRODUCTION Recently, an increasing number of people have been travelling for many reasons: some of them move in order to start a new life elsewhere, others to search a better economic future, for business reasons or because they are fleeing from the recent wars or from religious or political persecutions. With considerable cultural differences, many people are now living together, creating new multicultural societies where communication may be difficult or even impossible, with a consequent risk of misunderstanding during the interaction. In order to avoid this situation, the primary need is to eliminate linguistic and socio-cultural barriers and this can only be achieved with the help of interpreters. -
Afghan Opiate Trade 2009.Indb
ADDICTION, CRIME AND INSURGENCY The transnational threat of Afghan opium UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON DRUGS AND CRIME Vienna ADDICTION, CRIME AND INSURGENCY The transnational threat of Afghan opium Copyright © United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), October 2009 Acknowledgements This report was prepared by the UNODC Studies and Threat Analysis Section (STAS), in the framework of the UNODC Trends Monitoring and Analysis Programme/Afghan Opiate Trade sub-Programme, and with the collaboration of the UNODC Country Office in Afghanistan and the UNODC Regional Office for Central Asia. UNODC field offices for East Asia and the Pacific, the Middle East and North Africa, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, Southern Africa, South Asia and South Eastern Europe also provided feedback and support. A number of UNODC colleagues gave valuable inputs and comments, including, in particular, Thomas Pietschmann (Statistics and Surveys Section) who reviewed all the opiate statistics and flow estimates presented in this report. UNODC is grateful to the national and international institutions which shared their knowledge and data with the report team, including, in particular, the Anti Narcotics Force of Pakistan, the Afghan Border Police, the Counter Narcotics Police of Afghanistan and the World Customs Organization. Thanks also go to the staff of the United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan and of the United Nations Department of Safety and Security, Afghanistan. Report Team Research and report preparation: Hakan Demirbüken (Lead researcher, Afghan -
Central Eurasia 2006
CENTRAL EURASIA 2006 Analytical ANNUAL CA&CC Press® SWEDEN 2007 1 CENTRAL EURASIAFOUNDED 2006 AND PUBLISHED AnalyticalBY Annual INSTITUTE INSTITUTE O OR CENTRAL ASIAN AND STRATEGIC STUDIES O CAUCASIAN STUDIES THE CAUCASUS Registration number: 620720-0459 Registration number: M-770 State Administration for Ministry of Justice of Patents and Registration of Sweden Azerbaijan Republic PUBLISHING HOUSE CA&CC Press®. SWEDEN Registration number: 556699-5964 S c i e n t i f i c E d i t o r i a l B o a r d Eldar ISMAILOV C h a i r m a n Tel./fax: (994-12) 497 12 22 E-mail: [email protected] Murad ESENOV D e p u t y C h a i r m a n Tel./fax: (46) 920 62016 E-mail: [email protected] Jannatkhan EYVAZOV E x e c u t i v e S e c r e t a ry Tel./fax: (994-12) 499 11 73 E-mail: [email protected] Abbas MALEKI Doctor, Director General, International Institute for Caspian Studies (Iran) Ainura ELEBAEVA Doctor of Philosophy, professor, director of the Research Institute of Ethnology, International University of Kyrgyzstan (Kyrgyz Republic) Ariel COHEN Doctor, leading analyst, The Heritage Foundation, U.S.A. (U.S.A.) Vitaly NAUMKIN Doctor of History, professor, Director, Center for Strategic and International Studies of RF (Russian Federation) 2 Vladimer PAPAVA Doctor of Economics, professor, Senior Fellow, Georgian Foundation for Strategic and International Studies (Georgia), Fulbright Fellow, Central Asia-Caucasus Institute, The Nitze School-SAIS, Johns Hopkins University (U.S.) S. -
World Bank Document
PROJECT INFORMATION DOCUMENT (PID) APPRAISAL STAGE Report No.: AB4380 Afghanistan Financial Sector Strengthening Project Project Name Public Disclosure Authorized Region SOUTH ASIA Sector Banking (60%);General finance sector (40%) Project ID P110644 Borrower(s) GOVERNMENT OF AFGHANISTAN Implementing Agency Environment Category [ ] A [ ] B [X] C [ ] FI [ ] TBD (to be determined) Date PID Prepared February 5 , 2009 Date of Appraisal February 12, 2009 Authorization Date of Board Approval April 30, 2009 1. Country and Sector Background Public Disclosure Authorized Despite a deteriorating security environment and increasing constraints to private sector development, Afghanistan experienced robust economic growth over the last few years: real GDP is expected to have grown by 11.4 percent in 2007/08 (GDP US$9.6 billion) and 7.5 percent in 2008/09 (GDP US$12.8 billion). Per capita income increased from US$125 to US$300 from 2002 to 2008. Alongside of this economic growth in Afghanistan, there also has been considerable effort to rebuild the financial sector in terms of its institutional and legal framework, which has led to an increased number of private commercial banks operating in Afghanistan. Despite this overall growth, a weak financial sector still remains one of the major binding constraints to private sector development in Afghanistan. Currently, the sector does not meet the financial needs of industries and individuals, nor provide adequate financial services to business. Due to highly Public Disclosure Authorized collateralized lending practices along with a lack of financial intermediation capacity in the financial sector, access to credit remains a serious constraint to private sector development. The share of total credit to GDP is 6.7% (2007) in Afghanistan, which is far less than the average share of credit to GDP within South Asia at 43%. -
Suicide Attacks in Afghanistan: Why Now?
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Political Science Department -- Theses, Dissertations, and Student Scholarship Political Science, Department of Spring 5-2013 SUICIDE ATTACKS IN AFGHANISTAN: WHY NOW? Ghulam Farooq Mujaddidi University of Nebraska-Lincoln Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/poliscitheses Part of the Comparative Politics Commons, and the International Relations Commons Mujaddidi, Ghulam Farooq, "SUICIDE ATTACKS IN AFGHANISTAN: WHY NOW?" (2013). Political Science Department -- Theses, Dissertations, and Student Scholarship. 25. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/poliscitheses/25 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Political Science, Department of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Political Science Department -- Theses, Dissertations, and Student Scholarship by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. SUICIDE ATTACKS IN AFGHANISTAN: WHY NOW? by Ghulam Farooq Mujaddidi A THESIS Presented to the Faculty of The Graduate College at the University of Nebraska In Partial Fulfillment of Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts Major: Political Science Under the Supervision of Professor Patrice C. McMahon Lincoln, Nebraska May, 2013 SUICIDE ATTACKS IN AFGHANISTAN: WHY NOW? Ghulam Farooq Mujaddidi, M.A. University of Nebraska, 2013 Adviser: Patrice C. McMahon Why, contrary to their predecessors, did the Taliban resort to use of suicide attacks in the 2000s in Afghanistan? By drawing from terrorist innovation literature and Michael Horowitz’s adoption capacity theory—a theory of diffusion of military innovation—the author argues that suicide attacks in Afghanistan is better understood as an innovation or emulation of a new technique to retaliate in asymmetric warfare when insurgents face arms embargo, military pressure, and have direct links to external terrorist groups. -
Airpower in Afghanistan How a Faraway War Is Remaking the Air Force
AIRPOWER IN AFGHANISTAN How a faraway war is remaking the Air Force By Rebecca Grant FEBRUARY 2009 A MITCHELL INSTITUTE SPECIAL REPORT Brig. Gen. Billy Mitchell On September 12, 1918 at St. Mihiel in France, Col. Wil- liam Mitchell became the first person ever to command a major force of allied aircraft in a combined-arms opera- tion. This battle was the debut of the US Army fighting under a single American commander on European soil. Under Mitchell’s control, more than 1,100 allied aircraft worked in unison with ground forces in a broad offen- sive—one encompassing not only the advance of ground troops but also direct air attacks on enemy strategic tar- gets, aircraft, communications, logistics, and forces beyond the front lines. Mitchell was promoted to Brigadier General by order of Gen. John J. Pershing, commander of the American Expeditionary Force, in recognition of his com- mand accomplishments during the St. Mihiel offensive and the subsequent Meuse-Argonne offensive. After World War I, General Mitchell served in Washington and then became Commander, First Provisional Air Brigade, in 1921. That summer, he led joint Army and Navy demonstration attacks as bombs delivered from aircraft sank several captured German vessels, including the SS Ostfriesland. His determination to speak the truth about airpower and its importance to America led to a court-martial trial in 1925. Mitchell was convicted, and re- signed from the service in February 1926. Mitchell, through personal example and through his writing, inspired and en- couraged a cadre of younger airmen. These included future General of the Air Force Henry H. -
BASELINE STATISTICS on GENDER Women and Men in Afghanistan: BASELINE STATISTICS on GENDER • 9 CHAPTER 2 Security, Legal Protection and Human Rights
Acknowledgements THE MINISTRY OF WOMEN’S AFFAIRS, through the Statistics Unit of the International Relations and Coordination Department wishes to acknowledge the contributions of individuals, organizations and ministries to this publication. Specifically, MOWA wishes to acknowledge the following members of the adhoc Technical Advisory Group who provided guidance and information to make this publication possible: • Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AI-HRC); • Afghanistan International Bank (AIB); • Afghanistan National Development Strategy Secretariat (ANDSS); • Center for Policy and Human Development, Kabul University (CPHD-KU); • Central Statistics Office (CSO); • Ministry of Education (MOE); • Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE); • Ministry of Interior (MOI); • Ministry of Public Health (MOPH); • Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD); • National Risk and Vulnerability Assessment Team (NRVAT) • The Asia Foundation (TAF); 1 • The German Technical Cooperation (GTZ) ; • United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF); • United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM); • United Nations Development Programme (UNDP); and • United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). This publication was prepared with support from the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM- Special acknowledgement goes to the Governments of Norway and Afghanistan). The views and analysis contained herein Italy and to UNIFEM for providing funding support and technical are those of the authors and do not necessarily represents guidance in the -
The Portland Foundation 2019 Annual Report
The Portland Foundation Celebrating 69 Years 2019 Annual Report Table of Conte nts 1 Message from The Portland Foundation 2 Donations, Memorials and Celebrations 4 New Endowments 5 Funds of The Portland Foundation 27 Scholarships 27 2019 Lilly Scholarship Recipient 32 Grants from Unrestricted & Field of Interest Funds 32 Teacher Creativity Mini Grants 33 Friends of Jay County Agriculture 33 Women’s Giving Circle 34 Financials 36 Dashboard The Portland Foundation Back Cover Board of Trustees & Staff 2019 Annual Report Message from The Portland Foundation Dear Friends, Last year we shared that The Portland Foundation’s Board of Trustees adopted a five-year strategic plan for 2019-2023, which includes the following goals: • Enhance our Community Leadership Role • Increase our Visibility as a Trusted Community Leader • Continue our Fund Development Success and Grow our Assets We also shared that Lilly Endowment Inc. announced the seventh phase of the Giving Indiana Funds for Tomorrow (GIFT) Initiative. Lilly Endowment Inc. gave the Foundation the opportunity to grow its unrestricted endowment by offering a $500,000 match on $250,000 in gifts received for new and existing unrestricted endowment funds. We are pleased to say that we successfully completed the challenge match and have received the matching funds from the Endowment. In the second part of GIFT VII, Lilly Endowment Inc. gave the Foundation the opportunity to enhance its community leadership skills through planning and implementation grants. Using $50,000 in planning grant funds, the Foundation worked throughout the year to determine the greatest needs in the community, and crafted a grant proposal to implement a plan to address those needs. -
20210513 Alabama's Fallen Heroes Memorial Alphabetical Listing.Xlsx
Alabama's Fallen Heroes Memorial - Alphabetical Listing Name, Rank, Date and Location of Death Age Hometown Picture Seq. No. ALEXANDER Jr, George T., Army Staff Sergeant 34 Clanton, AL 54 Died 22 Oct 2005 in Iraq. Killed in Action AUSBORN, Jeffrey O., Air Force Major 41 Hokes Bluff, AL 129 Died 27 Apr 2011 in Kabul, Afghanistan. Killed in Action AVILA, Adrian L., Army National Guard Specialist 19 Opelika, AL 118 Died 29 Oct 2009 in Kuwait. Non-Hostile Death BAILEY, Lakeshia M., Army Sergeant 23 Fort Mitchell, AL 119 Died 8 March 2010 in Iraq. Home of record Columbus, GA. Non-Hostile Death BANKS, Barbaralien, Army Sergeant Major 41 Camden, AL 39 Died 6 Apr 2005 when a CH-47 Helicopter crashed near Ghazni, Afghanistan. Home of record Non-Hostile Death Harvey, LA. Assigned HQ Btry, Division Artillery, 25th Infantry Division. BARFIELD, Jason Nicholas Marine Corps Corporal 22 Ashford, AL 134 Died 24 Oct 2011 in Helmand Province. Killed in Action BELL, Aubrey D., Alabama Army National Guard Sergeant 33 Tuskegee, AL 22 Died 27 Oct 2003 in Iraq. Killed in Action BELL, Christopher Roger, Army Sergeant 21 Red Bay, AL 130 Died 4 June 2011 in Laghman Province, Afghanistan Home of Record Golden, MS. Killed in Action BELSER, Donnie Ray Jr., Army Captain 28 Anniston, AL 77 Died 10 Feb 2007 in Iraq. Killed in Action BICKNELL, Stephen D., Army Specialist 19 Prattville, AL 69 Died 15 Oct 2006 in Iraq. Killed in Action BOLAR, Matthew T., Army Specialist 24 Montgomery, AL 82 Died 3 May 2007 in Iraq. -
Afghanistan Opium Survey 2007
Government of Afghanistan Ministry of Counter Narcotics Afghanistan Opium Survey 2007 Executive Summary August 2007 ABBREVIATIONS AEF Afghan Eradication Force ANP Afghan National Police GPS Global Positioning System ICMP Illicit Crop Monitoring Programme (UNODC) MCN Ministry of Counter-Narcotics RAS Research and Analysis Section (UNODC) UNODC United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following organizations and individuals contributed to the implementation of the 2007 Afghanistan Opium Survey and to the preparation of this report: Ministry of Counter-Narcotics: Eng. Ibrahim Azhar (Director, Survey and Monitoring Section), Mir Abdullah (Deputy Director, Survey and Monitoring Section), Khiali Jan (Survey Coordinator for the central region), Sayed Mehdi (Remote Sensing Analyst), Ghulam Abbas (Remote Sensing Analyst), Abdul Mateen (Survey Coordinator for Nangarhar province), Abdul Latif Ehsan (Survey Coordinator for Hirat province), Fida Mohammad (Survey Coordinator for Balkh province), Mohammed Ishaq Anderabi (Survey Coordinator for Badakhshan province), Mohammad Khyber Wardak (Data Expert), Arzo Omid (Data Clerk), Mohammad Ajmal (Data Clerk), Sahar (Data Clerk). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Kabul) Christina Oguz (Country Representative), Hakan Demirbüken (Regional Illicit Crop Monitoring Expert for South-West Asia and Survey Project Manager, RAS/ICMP), Shirish Ravan (International Project Coordinator, RAS/ICMP), Nazir Ahmad Shah (National Project Coordinator), Ziauddin Zaki (Data Analyst), Abdul Mannan Ahmadzai -
D7e4beeab4b8ba925f481487c7
The Global Victimization of Children Clayton A. Hartjen ● S. Priyadarsini The Global Victimization of Children Problems and Solutions Clayton A. Hartjen S. Priyadarsini Department of Sociology Department of Sociology and Anthropology and Anthropology Rutgers University Rutgers University Newark, NJ 07102, USA Newark, NJ 07102, USA [email protected] [email protected] ISBN 978-1-4614-2178-8 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-2179-5 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-2179-5 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011944832 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identifi ed as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface The most dangerous period of life for every living thing is the earliest phase of its life span. This is true also for human beings, but with a difference. Unlike other animals and plants, this fundamental reality of life is neither necessary nor inevitable for human beings. -
From Arbaki to Local Police Today’S Challenges and Tomorrow’S Concerns
Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission (AIHRC) From Arbaki to Local Police Today’s Challenges and Tomorrow’s Concerns Spring 1391 (2012) Table of Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 3 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................... 5 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 9 Chapter I .......................................................................................................................... 10 Background of Local Defense Forces ............................................................................ 10 Chapter II ................................................................................................................... ….13 Legal Basis for the ALP .................................................................................................. 13 Chapter III ....................................................................................................................... 20 The Performance of the Local Police ............................................................................ 20 3.1 The Establishment and Structure of the ALP ......................................................... 21 3.1.1 Influence of Local Commanders and Officials in the Recruitment Process .... 22 3.1.2 Interference of Foreign Forces in the Recruitment