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Introduction Notes The following abbreviations are used throughout: ATL Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand Journal The Journal of Katherine Mansfield, ed. J. M. Murry (1954) LJMM Katherine Mansfield's Letters to J. Middleton Murry, ed. J. Middleton Murry (1951) NN Katherine Mansfield, Novels and Novelists (New York, 1930) Books published in London unless otherwise indicated. INTRODUCTION 1. LJMM, p. 435 (8 Dec 1919). 2. Ibid., p. 283 (5 June 1918). 3. In conversation with the author, August 1983. 4. Michael Holroyd, Lytton Strachey: A Critical Biography (1968) II, 538. 5. LJMM, p. 4 (Summer 1913). 6. The Letters and Journals of Katherine Mansfield, ed. C. K. Stead (1977) p. 225 (June-July 1921). 7. LJMM, p. 614. 8. Je ne parle pas fra nr;a is (Hampstead: Heron Press, 1919). 9. Leonard Woolf, Beginning Again: An Autobiography of the Years 1911-18 (1964) p. 204. 10. NN, p. 22. 11. ATL, MS Papers 119, Notebook 46. 12. The reference is to Rhythm (1911-13), wh ich had for its slogan a phrase taken from Synge 'Before art can be human again it must learn to be brutal' (slightly misquoted from the Preface to Synge's Poems and Translations) . 13. LJMM, pp. 612-13. 14. See Journal, p. 205, for a discussion of the artificial nature of 'the personal'. 15. NN, p. 314. 16. Ibid., pp. 112-13. 17. Ibid., p. 320. 18. Leonard Woolf, Beginning Again, p. 204. 19. A brief definition of terms: Symbolism capitalised is taken here to refer specifically to the Symbolist movement in French poetry towards the 130 Notes 131 end of the nineteenth century; symbolism (Iower-case) is used more broadly to describe the twentieth-century post-Symbolist movement in European Literature. 20. The notes in this section of ATL Notebook 2 have not previously been traced to Symons's Studies in Prose and Verse. Critics who have made brief references to them, e.g. Vincent O'Sullivan in 'The Magnetic Chain: Notes and Approaches to KM', Landfall, 114 (1975) 95-131, have assumed that they are KM's own comments, whereas in fact almost every entry, with the exception of that quoted here, is taken virtually verbatim from Symons. ATL Notebook 8 also contains notes from Symons's Plays, Acting and Music (see Appendix 1). 21. ATL Notebook 2, fo. 58. 22. LJMM, pp. 392-3. 23. NN, p. 317. 24. Journal, p. 273. 25. Cf. Wordsworth's almost mystical sense of the beneficent powers of memory in The Prelude. 26. NN, p. 6. 27. Anthony Alpers, The Life of Katherine Mansfield (1980) p. 353. 28. NN, p. 236. 29. NN, p. 310. 30. NN, p. 178. 31. NN, pp. 44-5. 32. Letter of Katherine Mansfield to S. S. Koteliansky, British Library MS Add. 48970 (21 Aug 1919). The 'treasure' to which she refers is Russian literature in general, and, more specifically, the letters of Chekhov, wh ich she and Koteliansky were currently translating. 33. The review (repr. in Ch. 2, pt II) has been accepted by KM scholars as being entirely by KM, but the internal evidence works strongly against this view. 34. Foreword to the 1938 edition of Pilgrimage, repr. in Pilgrimage I (Virago, 1979) p. 12. 35. Elaine Showalter, A Literature of their Own (1978) p. 246. 36. NN, p. 6. 37. Unpublished sketch, ATL Notebook 37, fos 8-14. 38. See, in this respect, Alpers, The Life of Katherine Mansfield, and C. A. Hankin, The Confessional Stories of Katherine Mansfield (1983). 39. Virginia Woolf's often cited hostile reaction to 'Bliss' should I think be referred to her own repressed feelings about lesbianism, and her unease over her perception of this theme in the story, in this respect more 'advanced' than anything she herself wrote. 40. See, for example, Sandra M. Gilbert and Susan Gubar (authors of The Madwoman in the Attic, 1979) in their artic1e 'Sexual Linguistics: Gender, Language, Sexuality', New Literary History, 16.3 (Spring 1985) 515-43. 132 Notes CHAPTER 1. THE WORLD OF TWO: KATHERINE MANSFIELD AND J. M. MURRY, 1911-19 1. Confidence (1880), James's fifth novel. 2. Presumably that edited by Sir Arthur Quiller-Couch (1900). The Oxford Book of French Verse (1907) was compiled by St John Lucas. 3. Leon Bloy (1846-1917), French novelist and mystical thinker. 4. Signature was a short-lived periodical (1915) in which, in D. H. Lawrence's words, he was to do the 'preaching', Murry to propound his 'ideas on freedom for the individual soul' and KM to write her 'little satirical sketches'. KM is referring here to the confessional style of Murry and Lawrence. This is the first of many occasions on which KM proved herself a devastating critic of Murry's work. 5. Thefauviste painter J. D.·Fergusson. 6. Cf. KM's Athenaeum review of Forster's The Story of the Siren (repr. in Ch. 2, pt n). 7. 'Geneva' and 'Hamilton' were stories never finished by KM, according to Murry, although sections of 'Geneva' exist in the ATL holdings. 'Hamilton' presumably refers to the town in New Zealand. 8. KM is quoting from 'The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock', l. 98. Cf. a letter to Virginia Woolf (?1917) in which she refers to Prufrock: 'Prufrock is after all a short story' - letter first published in Adam International Review, 370 (1972) p. 19. The latter remark sheds light on KM's conception of the short story as something which would have a lyric concentration and symbolist power akin to that of T. S. Eliot's poetry. 9. The Hon. Dorothy Brett, a painter who had studied at the Slade 1910-16. 10. Cf. D. H. Lawrence on Cezanne's apples in the essay 'Introduction to his Paintings'. KM, like D. H. Lawrence in his essay, is concerned with a Bergsonian 'ideal' moment of apprehension of that which lies outside the self. In such a moment some kind of fusion occurs between the self and the object contemplated, while, paradoxically, the self has at the same time a heightened sense both of its own identity and of the inalienable otherness of the object perceived. 11. By P. J. Toulet (1867-1920), French poet and novelist. 12. KM gives the line division wrongly here. The Shakespeare text reads: Will wing me to some withered bough, and there My mate, that's never to be found again Lament till I am lost. (The Winter's Tale, v. 3) 13. KM refers to Eve's Ransom (1895). 14. Cf. this passage with KM's later remarks on the 'undiscovered country' of prose (letter to Lady Ottoline Morrell Ouly 1916), see note 15). 15. Lady Ottoline Morrell, influential hostess and patroness of the arts, whose horne at Garsington, near Oxford, became an important centre for artists and intellectuals during the First World War. 16. That is, for the Armistice in November 1918. Notes 133 CHAPTER 2. 'WANTED, A NEW WORLD': THE ATHENAEUM, 1919-20 1. The Athenaeum was, as Anthony Alpers puts it, a 'languishing' weekly when Murry took over. The philanthrop ist Arnold Rowntree wanted to re-establish the paper to serve a new, post-war society: it was to be a 'Journal of Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music and Drama'. 2. Cf. Murry in a letter of 22 November 1919, in which he comments that KM, unlike Virginia Woolf, 'relates novels to life. Virginia can't abide that.' 3. 'Esther Waters Revisited', Athenaeum, 6 Aug 1920 (repr. in pt n of this chapter). The final image is from As You Like It (n. vii. 39-40). 4. Those letters wh ich bear directly on a review KM was writing are printed with the review in the second section of this chapter. 5. Chekhov's letters, tr. by the Russian emigre S. S. Koteliansky, aided by KM, were published in the Athenaeum from April to October 1919. They were originally to have been published as a book, but Constance Garnett beat Koteliansky and KM to press with her volume The Letters of Anton Chekhov to his Family and Friends in early 1920. See KM' s letter of 21 August 1919 to Koteliansky for the influence on her of Chekhov's life and thought. She characterises his letters as 'this treasure - at the wharf only not unloaded' - a treasure which would revive the jaded English literary world (British Library MS 48970). 6. Sydney Waterlow, a cousin of KM's who had once proposed to Virginia Woolf. 7. An essay on Georges Duhamel (1884--1966), published in the Athenaeum. 8. Murry had become friendly with Walter de la Mare at this time, and KM refers to hirn affectionately in later letters. 9. KM's commentary is on Murry's book The Evolution of an Intellectual, a collection of essays and articles published in 1920. 10. Murry's note in LJMM runs, 'A review of Mr Festing Jones's Life of Samuel Butler, by Bernard Shaw, in The Manchester Guardian.' Murry would have sent the paper out to KM at Ospedaletti. 11. KM confuses the names 'Cheedle' and 'Meedle' . The reference is to Dur Mutual Friend. 12. Cf. Ch. I, note 10. 13. Bliss, and Dther Stories (1920). 14. See also an Athenaeum review of KM's in wh ich she characterises a new species of novel, the 'Garden City novel', with its 'brand-new exposed houses wh ich see m to breathe white enamel and cork linoleum and the works of Freud or Jung' ('Two Modern Novels', Athenaeum, 9 Apr 1920). 15. The Autobiography of Margot Asquith, wh ich both KM and Murry were reading. Cf. a letter of 4 November 1920, to Sydney and Violet Schiff, in which KM again compares Margot Asquith and Ottoline Morrel!.
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