EXTINCT & THREATENED

Known from two records in Swaziland by Compton and ACANTHACEAE AMARYLLIDACEAE Kemp in Mbabane.

Duvernoia aconitiflora A.Meeuse Cyrtanthus nutans R.A.Dyer Ceropegia cimiciodora Oberm. Status: EN B1B2cD2 Status: EN A1c Status: EN B1B2c Threats: Urban expansion Threats: Damming Threats: Grazing Distribution: Gorge (Lebombo District) Distribution: Komati Bridge, Magwya Farm area, Distribution: Ingwavuma Poort Could be in forest or grassland. The closest locality to between Piggs Peak and Mbabane Restricted distribution. In a previous RDL, it is Swaziland is in the southern highveld in South , considered Endangered in ’s former some 100 km away. High human population growth in Haemanthus pauculifolius Snijman & A.E.van Wyk Transvaal. Found in a restricted area. Grazing by cattle the area constitutes a threat. Status: VU C2bD2 is a threat. Endemism: Near-endemic Threats: Damming, grazing Orbeopsis gerstneri (Letty) L.C.Leach subsp. ALOACEAE Distribution: Maguga gerstneri Found along the Komati River. Recently discovered in Status: EN B1B2c albida Stapf Swaziland from only one locality. In South Africa, it is Endemism: Endemic Status: EN B1B2cde known from only a few localities in fairly close Threats: degradation, grazing Endemism: Near-endemic proximity to the Swaziland border. Distribution: Ingwavuma Poort Distribution: Malolotja, Piggs Peak One subpopulation said to be in Swaziland, but further Tips into Swaziland from the Barberton area in South taxonomic scrutiny is required. Partial habitat decline Africa. Barberton is the type locality. Apparently only ANACARDIACEAE induced by cattle grazing is a threat. one locality outside Swaziland. Lannea antiscorbutica (Hiern) Engl. Pachycarpus stelliceps N.E.Br. Aloe chortolirioides A.Berger var. chortolirioides Status: EN DB1B2aC2b Status: EX Aloe chortolirioides-A.Berger var. boastii (Letty) Reynolds Endemism: Near-endemic Endemism: Endemic Status: EN B1B2abC2a Distribution: Umbeluzi Gorge (Mlawula) Distribution: Mbabane Distribution: Bulembu area, Barberton Mountains, Previously only known from a single locality in South Only known from the type collection made near Malolotja, Hawane Waterfall, Piggs Peak (gold mine) Africa near the Swaziland- border. Mbabane. Reported to be extinct. On rocky open outcops. Is a fire-dependent species. Was listed as Rare for Swaziland in previous RDLs. The red form is found in the Bulemba area. Common between Bulemba (Swaziland) and Barberton Mountains (South Africa). Generally known from Limpopo Province and Adenium multiflorum Klotzsch Kniphofia tysonii Baker subsp. lebomboensis Codd in South Africa. Status: EN A2cdB1B2abcC1 Status: CR A2B1B2bceC1C2b Threats: Agriculture Endemism: Near-endemic Aloe dewetii Reynolds Distribution: Near Tambuthi, Big Bend Threats: Collection, alien infestation, road Status: EN A1acd Very restricted in Swaziland. One large scattered network Threats: Collection subpopulation. Sugarcane farming and lower Usuthu Distribution: Lebombo (South of Stegi) Distribution: Hlatikulu (Grand Valley) development are threats. Well represented outside Grew in a pan, but a road has been developed near the Listed by WCMC’s RDL as Vulnerable for Swaziland and Swaziland. The species nomenclature is not always locality. High density area. Used for its medicinal previously Rare. Previously found in the Hlatikulu recognised or in use in other countries. properties. Reported to occur in South Africa. (1970s), but could not be found there recently. Is a spotted- aloe eaten by people. Threatened by a high Adenium swazicum Stapf Kniphofia umbrina Codd population density. Status: EN A1acdB1B2abcd Status: CR B1B2ce Endemism: Near-endemic Endemism: Near-endemic Aloe ecklonis Salm-Dyck Threats: Agriculture, damming, collection, alien plant Threats: Habitat degradation Aloe kraussii-Baker; Aloe boylei Baker infestation, habitat degradation Distribution: Mbabane, Forbes Reef, Hwane Status: VU B1B2cD2 Distribution: West of Lebombo, Big Bend area and Confined to small area near Mbabane. Only eight very Distribution: Malolotja area, Forbes Reef, between northwards small subpopulations are known. It is highly Motjane and Oshoek Thorny thicket on brackish plains. This succulent is fragmented and declining due to habitat destruction. Tips into Swaziland. Mainly a South African distribu- protected by legislation. Its habitat is also very tion. Very common and widespread in South Africa. fragmented. Distribution mainly from north of in South Africa to Big Bend in Swaziland. ASTERACEAE Aloe kniphofioides Baker The main threat is urban development. Status: VU A2cB1B2c Aster pseudobakeranus Lippert Threats: Collection, harvesting, grazing, fire, urban Status: VU D2 expansion ASCLEPIADACEAE Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Malolotja, Forbes Reef, Nyonyane Sisa Distribution: Poliniane River, Ukuthula (Mbabane Ranch, Bulembu, Mbabane, Mankayane Asclepias eminens (Harv.) Schltr. Division), Verdun (Hlatikulu Division)

SWAZILAND Grass aloe. Common in Malalotja. Not protected in Status: VU B1B2cD2 Restricted distribution. Forbes Reef. Used in Nyonyane Sisa. Medicinal usage, Threats: Grazing, soil erosion, fire cattle and resettlement are further threats. Widespread Distribution: Mpisi, Malkerns, St. Josephs, Hlatikulu, Helichrysum milleri Hilliard in South Africa. Manzini Status: VU D2 A widely scattered but uncommon species. In Endemism: Near-endemic Aloe minima Baker var. minima it is a distinct ecotype. Edible plant. Distribution: Barberton Mountains Aloe minima-Baker var. blyderivierensis (Groenew.) Reynolds; On forest margins in grassland. Known mainly from the Aloe parviflora Baker Brachystelma coddii R.A.Dyer Barberton mountains in South Africa. Status: VU A1cB1B2bD1 Status: EN B1B2cC2aD Endemism: Near-endemic? Distribution: Malolotja, Bomvu Ridge, Mbabane, Piggs Threats: Road network Peak CANELLACEAE Distribution: Forbes Reef, Malolotja, , Three records in Swaziland, including from a protected Motjane area, by Compton, Braun and Kemp. Warburgia salutaris (Bertol.f.) Chiov. Scattered. Very small and inconspicuous. In previous Status: CR A1bcd RDLs, considered Rare in Swaziland. Very common in Brachystelma swazicum R.A.Dyer Threats: Collection South Africa (Limpopo Province and Mpumalanga). Status: EX? Distribution: Malolotja, possibly in Lomati Valley Endemism: Near-endemic? Only six trees observed outside protected areas in Distribution: Rocky hills northeast of Mbabane, Swaziland (as reported by conservation authorities in (Malandzela Area, on the road to Maphalaleni) Swaziland). Very few individuals in protected areas, but these are regenerating and are currently not being utilised.

124 EXTINCT & THREATENED Threats: Urban expansion, habitat degradation sansibarica Warb. CAPPARACEAE Distribution: Mbabane hills Status: CR B1B2cC2a Restricted global distribution. Known only from a single Distribution: Sihoya Bachmannia woodii (Oliv.) Gilg locality in Swaziland. Status: CR B1B2cC2a Distribution: Jilobi Streptocarpus davyi S.Moore ORCHIDACEAE Only one record for this species in Swaziland. Status: VU B1B2bD2 Endemism: Endemic Cheirostylis gymnochiloides (Ridl.) Rchb.f. Threats: Urban expansion, habitat degradation Status: CR B1B2cC2b CARYOPHYLLACEAE Distribution: 40 km around Mbabane (hills), near Threats: Mining Mankaiana, Forbes Reef, Makhosini Hills, Makhaya Distribution: Bomvu Ridge (Ngwenya Mountain— Dianthus mooiensis F.N.Williams subsp. kirkii On peaty soil on granite outcrops and is fragmented. Malolotja) (Burtt Davy) Hooper Known from a number of localities but it is not Appears to be extremely rare everywhere. There is Status: VU C1C2a widespread. Habitat specific in shade and soil. It is apparently only a single collection from Swaziland. Also Threats: Collection uncommon. known from dune forest in South Africa, and as far Distribution: Malolotja, Piggs Peak, Usuthu, Maguga afield as and Madagascar. from August Dam Streptocarpus wilmsii Engl. to September. Iron ore mining is a threat in Swaziland. In South Africa, found in the Magaliesberg and Status: VU B1B2c Witwatersrand (possibly declining over much of its Endemism: Near-endemic Disa intermedia H.P.Linder range). Has horticultural potential. In Swaziland, it is Threats: Urban expansion Status: EN B1B2cC2a used to make the royal soap for the King. The Distribution: Devils Bridge, Kings Forest, Mbabane, Endemism: Endemic Swaziland subpopulations are scattered and locally rare. Hilltop, Ukuthula Threats: Habitat degradation Utilisation is a serious threat. Distribution: Forbes Reef, near Mbabane, Malolotja, near Oshoek HYACINTHACEAE Grows at an altitude of 1,000 m. Was considered to be CRASSULACEAE common at one time, but due to continued habitat Bowiea volubilis Harv. ex Hook.f. destruction, it is rapidly declining. Flowers in January. Crassula vaginata Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. minuta Status: EN A1d Found in highveld grassland. Eckl. & Zeyh. Threats: Collection Status: CR A1cB1B2ab Being severely depleted in Swaziland. Many extinct Eulophia chlorantha Schltr. Endemism: Near-endemic localities. Used for treating fractures (medicinal). Very Status: EN B1B2cC2a Threats: Urban expansion, habitat degradation common on market places. Known from outside Endemism: Near-endemic Distribution: North of Mbabane (possibly Nkwalini Swaziland. Also heavily utilised in South Africa. Distribution: Mbabane, Waverley Mine, Fonteyn landfill site) Restricted distribution. Found on rocky granite hills. Could be extirpated in the next five to ten years. Landfill site is a serious threat to IRIDACEAE locality, seriously threatened. The species is known only from this site in Swaziland. Dierama elatum N.E.Br. Status: EX comptonii Beard Known only from the type collection of 1910 (Stewart Status: EN B1B2cD ERICACEAE 10 K & SAM). Material inadequate, and it may possibly Endemism: Near-endemic? be a hybrid or an albino form ( uncertain). Distribution: Bulembu, Malolotja Erica swaziensis E.G.H.Oliv. One outlying subpopulation in KwaZulu-Natal (South Status: EN B1B2aD Gladiolus brachyphyllus F.Bolus Africa), although more common in northern and Endemism: Endemic Status: VU A2c northeastern parts of South Africa. Distribution: Mbabane, Forbes Reef, Black Umbeluzi Threats: Urban expansion Valley Distribution: Umbeluzi and Umlola Reserves, Mlawula Protea parvula Beard Has a very localised distribution around Mbabane. Several subpopulations found in the Kruger National Status: VU B1B2cC2a Wetland species. Park (South Africa); recorded from Limpopo Province Distribution: Timbuti Farm, Hawane, Malolotja and Mpumalanga (South Africa). Only single Common in the former Transvaal of South Africa. have been found in Swaziland. Very seldomly seen. EUPHORBIACEAE ROSACEAE Euphorbia keithii R.A.Dyer LAMIACEAE Status: CR B1B2ceC2a Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman Endemism: Near-endemic Hemizygia stalmansii Paton Status: EN C2aD

Threats: Agriculture, urban expansion, habitat Status: VU D2 Distribution: Near Malolotja (Forbes Reef), near and in SWAZILAND degradation, forestry exploitation, harvesting, alien Endemism: Near-endemic Mbabane plant infestation Threats: Afforestation Also known from South Africa (KwaZulu-Natal) and Distribution: Stegi, Usuthu Gorge (?), Sitsatsaweni Distribution: Luhumannei School further afield. Is widely utilised for its medicinal (northeast of Siteki), Oribi Ranch, Mlawula Recently described species known only from Songimvelo purposes. Species protected under CITES. Habitat specific, habitat (South Africa) and Swaziland (Malalotja). Occurs on decline. Species prefers hot, dry, exposed areas. Barberton Belt and known from different soil types, Restricted to the . including serpentine soils. Few localities are known and RUBIACEAE it has a restricted global distribution. Heywoodia lucens Sim Gardenia thunbergia L.f. Status: EN B1B2cC2aD Syncolostemon comptonii Codd Status: CR C2b Distribution: Jilobi, Siteki Status: CR A1cB1B2a Threats: Deforestation Recorded in Swaziland by Kemp and Miller. Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Jilobi Forest (Lebombo) Threats: Damming This species is very well represented outside Swaziland, Distribution: Malolotja, Maguga common in coastal areas from as far afield as the GESNERIACEAE Threatened by construction of a new dam at Maguga. Eastern Cape in South Africa. Only a few individuals The species is known from only a single locality. seen. Known from a small subpopulation. Streptocarpus confusus Hilliard subsp. confusus var. confusus Oxyanthus pyriformis (Hochst.) Skeels subsp. Status: EN A1cB1B2bc pyriformis Endemism: Near-endemic Oxyanthus natalensis-Sond. Threats: Grazing Ficus polita Vahl subsp. polita Status: EN B1B2cD Distribution: Hlatikulu Status: VU D2 Endemism: Near-endemic Restricted global distribution. Cattle is a threat. Distribution: Mlawula (Umbeluzi Gorge, Distribution: Jilobi (Lebombo), Carmichael’s Farm Mahlabashane), Jilobi The species is at the end of its distribution range in Streptocarpus daviesii N.E.Br. ex C.B.Clarke Swaziland, better known from KwaZulu-Natal (South Status: EN B1B2b Africa). The two known localities in Swaziland are quite Endemism: Near-endemic a distance apart. Dune forest.

EXTINCT & THREATENED 125 Subsequently, several subpopulations have been relictus Hurter SAPINDACEAE discovered. Threatened by illegal collectors. Status: EXW Endemism: Endemic Allophylus chaunostachys Gilg Encephalartos heenanii R.A.Dyer Distribution: Malto Alto (10 km west), Muti-Muti farm Status: VU B1B2c Status: CR A1acdC2a It is now known only in cultivation. Endemism: Near-endemic Threats: Collection Threats: Urban expansion Distribution: Ngwenya Ridge, Malolotja Encephalartos senticosus Vorster Distribution: Makwongwa In 1985, 100 plants were counted. In 1999, only 20 Status: VU C2aD2 Found at altitude 1,730 m. Reported to be common. plants could be located. These plants are known from a Distribution: Lebombo, Usuthu, Bvane catchment Human impact near border post is a threat. locality where no recruitment seems to be taking place. Extremely inaccessible habitat. The species is found A few years ago, this species was also found in a along the Lebombo border. Threatened by illegal protected area in Swaziland but in very small numbers. collectors. Also known from South Africa. Threatened by illegal collectors. Encephalartos umbeluziensis R.A.Dyer Vitellariopsis dispar (N.E.Br.) Aubrév. Status: CR A1acdA2cB1B2abcde Status: EN B1B2cD Encephalartos laevifolius Stapf & Burtt Davy Threats: Collection Endemism: Near-endemic Status: CR A2deB2bD Distribution: Umbeluzi Gorge of Mlawula Distribution: Mlawula, Siteki Threats: Pest/disease Occurs in the shade of Androstachys johnsonii forest. Restricted. Only one locality outside Swaziland. Moist Distribution: Malolotja This species used to be extremely common, but this has forest. In Swaziland, the effects of a pathogen are evident. changed. The species has suffered massive decline in Threatened by illegal collectors. the last 10 years, estimated at more than 80%. It is found in an extremely accessible area. Threatened by SCROPHULARIACEAE Encephalartos lebomboensis I.Verd. illegal collectors. Status: EN A1acdeA2deB1B2abcde Melanospermum italae Hilliard Threats: Harvesting, collection Status: EN B1B2cC2a Distribution: Mangana, Mbuzini, Malto Alto, Lebombo, ZINGIBERACEAE Endemism: Near-endemic Stataweni, Mangana Distribution: Malolotja (Ngwenya Hills), Motjane All the localities mentioned are primarily relicts. Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L.Burtt On sandy places around rock sheets. In South Africa, it Subpopulations suffered a measurable decline. In 1981, Kaempferia aethiopica-(Schweinf.) Benth.; Kaempferia is known from the Piet Retief area and Itala. the subpopulation was observed to be abundant. Almost natalensis (J.M.Wood & Franks) Schltr. & K.Schum. 20 years later, there has been a 25% decline. Status: EN A1d Melanospermum swazicum Hilliard Threatened by illegal collectors. Threats: Collection Status: EN B1B2aC2a Distribution: Malolotja, Balegane, Komati Valley, Piggs Endemism: Near-endemic Encephalartos ngoyanus I.Verd. Peak Threats: Fire, grazing, habitat degradation Status: CR C2aD Generally heavily utilised everywhere. Was on the Distribution: Mbabane, Malolotja, possibly Ngome, In Swaziland, it is known from a single locality as the previous Swaziland RDL as Rare. The Malalotja Siphocosini distribution literally tips into Swaziland. The locality is subpopulation is well-known and utilised by local Grows on hills. Subpopulation at Ngome may be a not threatened, and no people live in that area. May herbalists, even though it is located within a protected different species. Only one locality known outside become threatened by illegal collectors. area. There are unconfirmed reports that several Swaziland. subpopulations are protected from over-utilisation Encephalartos paucidentatus Stapf & Burtt Davy through traditional laws, but this cannot be confirmed. Selago swaziensis Rolfe Status: VU A1cdC2aD2 Well-represented outside Swaziland. Status: EN B1B2acC2a Distribution: Makonwya, Malolotja Endemism: Near-endemic Found in a protected area. The species is found along Threats: Urban expansion, fire the Swaziland-South African border. Also known from Distribution: Hills near Dalriach (Mbabane), Usuthu South Africa where it is threatened. Threatened by Forest, Miller’s Falls, Makhosini Hills, Ukuthula illegal collectors. Known only from a single, highly threatened locality.

ULMACEAE

Celtis gomphophylla Baker Status: EN D B1 B2c C2a Distribution: Jilobi, Carmichael’s Farm, Muti Muti More common than Celtis mildbraedii. Only in South Africa according to PRECIS.

Celtis mildbraedii Engl. Status: CR B1B2cC2a Distribution: Mlawula, Jilobi (east of Siteki), Forbes Reef Very rare in South Africa’s KwaZulu-Natal and elsewhere. Known from a few small forest patches in Swaziland.

SWAZILAND

VELLOZIACEAE

Xerophyta villosa (Baker) L.B.Sm. & Ayensu Status: VU D2 Distribution: Luhumannei School (Malolotja) Found on serpentine soils in Swaziland.

ZAMIACEAE

Encephalartos aplanatus Vorster Status: EN A1acdB2abcde Distribution: Mlawula, Goba road just north of Siteki, South of Siteki toward the farm Muti-Muti, previously on Muti-Muti Siphonochilus aethiopicus, also occuring in South Africa This species is also known from Mozambique. This species was described from a subpopulation of about six and Mozambique, is a well known species that is heavily individuals near the Swaziland-South Africa border. utilised in Swaziland. (Photo: NBI)

126 EXTINCT & THREATENED LOWER RISK

Status: LR-lc ACANTHACEAE Distribution: Lebombo, Mlawula ASPHODELACEAE

Thunbergia pondoensis Lindau Xylopia odoratissima Welw. ex Oliv. Bulbine inflata Oberm. Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Distribution: Mlawula, Komati Bridge Distribution: Umbelzi Gorge, Border Distribution: Manzini, Mbabane, Usuthu, Malolotja, Bulembu

ALOACEAE ANTHERICACEAE Gasteria batesiana G.D.Rowley Status: LR-nt Aloe cooperi Baker subsp. pulchra Glen & Chlorophytum haygarthii J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans Threats: Collection D.S.Hardy Status: LR-lc Distribution: Umbeluzi Gorge, Mnyami Status: LR-lc Distribution: Forbes Reef Road, Malolotja On cliffs. Four small disjunct subpopulations in Threats: Grazing, alien plant infestation, harvesting At least two records from Swaziland by Compton and Swaziland. Collected for medicinal and horticultural Distribution: Lebombo, Nkambeni, Sishaweni Forest Heath. Common in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal purposes. Company (South Africa). Taxonomically unique and this nomenclature is used in Haworthia limifolia Marloth var. ubomboensis Swaziland. Known from the Lebombo where it is rare. It (I.Verd.) G.G.Sm. is widespread. Eaten by people. APIACEAE Status: LR-nt Endemism: Near-endemic Aloe rupestris Baker Alepidea parva Compton Threats: Collection Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Distribution: Siteki, Umbeluzi Gorge, Mnyame Distribution: Umbeluzi Gorge, Mnyame, Libertas, Threats: Collection, mining In forests. Limited in distribution. Not uncommon. Lebombo Distribution: Ngwenya Mountains near Mbabane, Known from two subpopulations in Swaziland, but Was listed previously as Rare for Swaziland. Malolotja restricted to the Lebombo. Known only from Ironwood Reported to be threatened outside Swaziland. Used for forests. Collected for medicinal and horticultural Aloe vanbalenii Pillans its medicinal properties. purposes. Also reported from the Lebombo in South Status: LR-lc Africa and Mozambique. Distribution: Mlawula, lower East side of Umbeluzi river, Lebombo APOCYNACEAE In river valleys. Uncommon. Was listed as Rare for ASTERACEAE Swaziland in previous RDLs. Only in the northern Gonioma kamassi E.Mey. Lebombo Mountains. Status: LR-nt Eumorphia swaziensis Compton Distribution: Mbabane, Msunduza, Foot of Lubor Status: LR-nt In forest. Common in the eastern and southern Cape Endemism: Endemic? AMARYLLIDACEAE forests of South Africa. Probably not used and therefore Threats: Urban expansion maybe not threatened. Single trees. Unusual Distribution: Mbabane District, Black Umbeluzi Valley Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Regel var. miniata distribution, not common in Swaziland. Frequently Very restricted and suggested that it could be Status: LR-nt burnt. Very disjunct. threatened. Several hundred individuals. On the edge of Distribution: Lebombo, Piggs Peak area an urban/semi-urban environment. Should be Forest species. Well-known from South Africa. Is being monitored. Possibly also occurs in South Africa. removed from the wild. ARALIACEAE Newtonia hildebrandtii (Vatke) Torre Crinum delagoense I.Verd. Cussonia nicholsonii Strey Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Distribution: Mlawula, Manzimnyama (Nyame), Threats: Agriculture Distribution: Mlawula (S), Siteki Umbeluzi Gorge, Black Mbeluzi River Distribution: Mlawula, Hlane (Simunye) Two records, one in a protected area. Known collections Recorded in Swaziland by Culverwell. One subpopulation known. Only in South Africa, in Swaziland by Culverwell and Kemp. according to PRECIS. Sugar cultivation is a threat. Senecio mlilwanensis Compton Status: LR-nt Cyrtanthus bicolor R.A.Dyer ASCLEPIADACEAE Endemism: Endemic

Status: LR-lc Distribution: Mbeluzi Valley, Millers Falls, Mbabane SWAZILAND Threats: Collection Orbea paradoxa (I.Verd.) L.C.Leach and Mlilwane, Mantenga? Distribution: Malolotja, Umbeluzi Valley, Mbabane Orbeanthus paradoxa-(I.Verd.) L.C.Leach Rocky outcrops. In Swaziland, mostly prevalent on (Umbeluzi Valley), Forbes Reef, Komati River Valley Status: LR-nt private land. Also found at Mantenga where it is Was on the previous Swaziland RDL as Rare. Found in Threats: Mining partially protected. grassland. Eaten as a vegetable. Distribution: Ngwenya Listed as Endangered in South Africa’s former Transvaal Nerine angustifolia (Baker) Baker in previous RDLs. BEGONIACEAE Status: LR-lc Distribution: Ngwenya Mts, Forbes Reef Road, Pachycarpus galpinii (Schltr.) N.E.Br. Begonia sonderana Irmsch. Malolotja Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Recorded in Swaziland by Compton and Braun. Threats: Agriculture, grazing Distribution: Barberton Mountains, Mbabane, Usuthu, Forbes Reef, Maphalaleni CAPPARACEAE ANACARDIACEAE This is essentially a highveld species. Cattle is a serious threat. Cleome macrophylla (Klotzsch) Briq. var. Rhus grandidens Harv. ex Engl. macrophylla Status: LR-lc Pachycymbium ubomboense (I.Verd.) M.G.Gilbert Status: LR-lc Distribution: Komati Valley, Ngomini, Mayami, Caralluma ubomboensis-I.Verd. Distribution: Mlawula (Lebombo), Mbeluzi Gorge Mankayane, 25 km North of Tulwane site Status: LR-lc On forest margins. Although widespread, it is never Endemism: Endemic? plentiful. Distribution: Lebombo COMMELINACEAE Was listed previously as Rare for Swaziland. Is common in the Lebombo Mountains. Aneilema dregeanum Kunth ANNONACEAE Status: LR-lc Distribution: Ingwavuma Poort, Mtindekwa, Mlawula Uvaria lucida Benth. subsp. virens (N.E.Br.) Three localities identifed in Swaziland from collections Verdc.

LOWER RISK 127 by Compton and Braun. Also known from South Africa, Euphorbia clavigera N.E.Br. and reported also to occur in Zimbabwe. Status: LR-lc IRIDACEAE Endemism: Endemic? Threats: Grazing Dierama mobile Hilliard CRASSULACEAE Distribution: Manzini area, Siteki, Siphofaneni, Status: LR-nt Manzini Threats: Habitat degradation Cotyledon orbiculata L. var. oblonga (Haw.) DC. Wild-collected plants are known from cultivation. Easy Distribution: Oshoek, 15 km North of Forbes Reef, Status: LR-lc to grow from seed, attractive species. Restricted Komati River, Malandzela Distribution: Mlawula distribution. Found in Swaziland and South Africa. Fairly widespread. A widespread and common species (well represented Wetland species. outside Swaziland). The Swaziland specimen may be a Euphorbia grandicornis Goebel ex N.E.Br. subsp. misidentification (taxonomic problem). If this is a good grandicornis Dietes flavida Oberm. identification, then the species has a very restricted Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc distribution. Distribution: Chindene, Big Bend Distribution: Malolotja and Mlawula Reserves, Very common where it occurs. Also in Ndumo, South Lebombo Crassula acinaciformis Schinz Africa. Has a disjunct distribution and scarce everywhere. Status: LR-lc Distribution: Ukuthula, Hlatikhulu, Komati Bridge, Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster Watsonia bella N.E.Br. ex Goldblatt Mlawula, Maguga, Siteki, Umbeluzi Gorge Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc One protected locality. Distribution: Mlawula Threats: Grazing, fire Observed in the wild several times. Distribution: Malolotja, Hlatikulu, Forbes Reef, Crassula orbicularis L. Mbabane, 5 km NE of Motjane, Malalotja Status: LR-lc In Swaziland, grazing by cattle is a threat. Common in Only one record for Swaziland by Kemp. FLACOURTIACEAE South Africa.

Scolopia oreophila (Sleumer) Killick CYATHEACEAE Status: LR-lc LAMIACEAE Threats: Agriculture, deforestation, afforestation Cyathea capensis (L.f.) Sm. Distribution: Manzini, Shiselweni, on Mkondo River Acrotome thorncroftii Skan Status: LR-lc In Swaziland, its main centre is on the Mkondo River. Status: LR-lc Limited habitat. Very well represented outside Its habitat appears to be stable. The threats are not Distribution: Mlawula, , Tulwana, Blue Jay Swaziland. resulting in any real declines. In future lack of suitable Ranch habitat may play a role. Subsistence farming is a Previously listed as Rare. Known from about five threat. herbarium collections in Swaziland. DIPSACACEAE Hemizygia albiflora (N.E.Br.) M.Ashby Cephalaria petiolata Compton GESNERIACEAE Status: LR-lc Cephalaria pungens-Szabo Distribution: Ngwenya Mountains Status: LR-lc Streptocarpus confusus Hilliard subsp. Known from collections in Swaziland by Compton and Distribution: Malolotja, Forbes Reef Road lebomboensis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Dlamini. One of the four records in a protected area. The Status: LR-lc synonym is not used in Swaziland. It is common Endemism: Near-endemic Hemizygia modesta Codd outside Swaziland. Distribution: Mlawula, Mnyame, Jilobi Status: LR-lc Scattered in moist forest of the Lebombo. Distribution: Bomvu Ridge, Havelock, Gege, Forbes Reef EBENACEAE Streptocarpus dunnii Hook.f. Recorded in Swaziland by Compton. Status: LR-lc Diospyros galpinii (Hiern) De Winter Distribution: Mbabane, Forbes Reef, Motjane, Orthosiphon vernalis Codd Status: LR-lc Gobolondo, Piggs Peak, Malolotja Status: LR-nt Distribution: Mankayane, Maphalaleni, Miller, Narrow distribution. Mainly known from the Barberton Endemism: Endemic Mantenga area in South Africa. Habitat specific on granite. Distribution: Manzini, Mankaiana, Bhunya area, Evelyn Highveld grassland species. Biring Bridge Streptocarpus micranthus C.B.Clarke Status: LR-lc Syncolostemon concinnus N.E.Br. ERICACEAE Threats: Grazing, mining Status: LR-lc Distribution: Kings Forest, Devils Bridge Distribution: Malolotja, Mankayane, Hlatikhulu Erica cerinthoides L. var. barbertona (Galpin) Restricted distribution. The species occurs in a Bolus protected area in Swaziland. However, it does not Thorncroftia longiflora N.E.Br. Status: LR-lc appear in PRECIS. Status: LR-lc Distribution: Malolotja, Waverley Mine, Endemism: Near-endemic mHangamphepha Valley, Piggs Peak Distribution: Malolotja Two records in Malolotja by Compton and Braun. HETEROPYXIDACEAE Common in Malolotja.

Erica oatesii Rolfe var. latifolia Bolus Heteropyxis canescens Oliv. Tinnea barbata Vollesen

SWAZILAND Status: LR-nt Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Endemism: Near-endemic? Distribution: Malolotja, Mbabane, Black Umbeluzi Distribution: Wyldesdale, Malolotja Distribution: Usuthu, on the road to Hlatikulu Valley, Palwane Valley Recorded in Swaziland by Compton, Heath and Braun. Limited distribution. Said to be rare. Possibly a Was considered previously to be Rare in Swaziland. taxonomic problem. Common in Malolotja. Tinnea galpinii Briq. Status: LR-lc Distribution: Hlatikhulu, Mlawula, Siteki, Cecil Marks EUPHORBIACEAE HYACINTHACEAE Pass Recorded in Swaziland by Compton and Culverwell. Croton madandensis S.Moore Drimiopsis maculata Lindl. Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Distribution: Mlawula, Lebombo Mountains Distribution: Mlawula, Red Tiger Ranch LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEAE Shrub or tree. Scilla natalensis Planch. Cordyla africana Lour. Drypetes mossambicensis Hutch. Status: LR-nt Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Threats: Collection Very rare and marginal in Swaziland, often occurring as Distribution: Umbeluzi Gorge (Mlawula) Distribution: Malolotja, Usuthu, Mbabane single plants. It is a widespread tropical plant. Wild Known only from a southern locality in Swaziland which Widespread. Suggested to be classified as Vulnerable. Mango. is relatively safe. Known to occur outside Swaziland, Widely used and still abundant. In remote places it is where it is common. frequent. Collected for medicinal purposes.

128 LOWER RISK Eriosema ellipticifolium Schinz January. Also known from the former Transvaal in South Status: LR-lc Africa. Its status in previous RDLs is Indeterminate. POLYGALACEAE Distribution: Malolotja, Malandzela, Mbabane One record in Swaziland by Heath. Disa stachyoides Rchb.f. Heterosamara galpinii (Hook.f.) Paiva Monadenia leydenburgensis-Kraenzl. Polygala galpinii-Hook.f. Eriosema transvaalense C.H.Stirt. Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Status: LR-nt Distribution: Mlembe, Malolotja Distribution: Devils Bridge, Kings Forest (Bulembu) Threats: Damming Widespread in many parts of South Africa. Also reported In South Africa, it has been categorised as Rare and Distribution: Malolotja, Maguga in Lesotho. even Endangered in previous RDLs. Occurs in unpro- Has a globally restricted distribution. tected small localities. Polystachya albescens Ridl. subsp. imbricata Tephrosia cordata Hutch. & Burtt Davy (Rolfe) Summerh. Status: LR-lc Status: LR-nt PROTEACEAE Distribution: Malolotja, Havelock, Mbabane Threats: Afforestation, grazing Distribution: Gobholo gerrardii Stapf Tephrosia gobensis Brummitt Recently found in southern KwaZulu-Natal forests of Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc South Africa. A sewerage plant in Swaziland may pose a Distribution: Malolotja (and surroundings) Endemism: Endemic ? threat. Fairly common in Mpumalanga (South Africa). Locally Distribution: Mlawula, Siteki common, but restricted distribution. Subpopulation Polystachya zuluensis L.Bolus stable. Can survive fires. Habitat specific, soapstone. Tephrosia grandiflora (Aiton) Pers. Status: LR-nt Status: LR-lc Endemism: Near-endemic Distribution: Blue Jay Ranch (Mlawula), Mananga Distribution: Usuthu Forest, Mzimba Mnts., Mbabane PSILOTACEAE Mount, Siteki North Recorded in Swaziland by Compton. In rocky highveld areas, abundant, on Xerophyta. Psilotum nudum (L.) P.Beauv. Locally common. Status: LR-lc Tephrosia kraussiana Meisn. Distribution: Umbeluzi Gorge, Malolotja, Mlawula Status: LR-lc Schizochilus cecilii Rolfe subsp. culveri (Schltr.) A cosmopolitan species, but seldom common anywhere. Distribution: Mlawula H.P.Linder Widespread in Africa, Madagascar, Mauritius, Australia, Known from collections in Swaziland by Culverwell. Status: LR-nt Polynesia, Spain, the Americas and so forth. Endemism: Near-endemic Distribution: NW Swaziland, Malolotja LOBELIACEAE Confined to the mountains between Barberton (South RUBIACEAE Africa) and northwestern Swaziland. Flowers from Cyphia bolusii E.Phillips December to January. Pavetta barbertonensis Bremek. Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Distribution: Mbabane (3 pops), Dalrich, Mbabane, Distribution: Siteki, Kings Forest, Lebombo Mnts., Emlembe, Malkerns Palata, Mlawula On serpentine soils. Was on the previous Swaziland RDL as Rare. Aristida transvaalensis Henrard Lobelia corniculata Thulin Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Distribution: Malolotja, Malandzela, Miomba, Forbes SAPOTACEAE Distribution: Lebombo, Siteki, Mlawula Reef Was listed as Indeterminate/Uncertain in previous RDLs. Three records in a protected area by Braun. Widespread Manilkara concolor (Harv. ex C.H.Wright) Known from very few herbarium collections. in South Africa. Gerstner Status: LR-lc Ehrharta erecta Lam. var. erecta Distribution: Bulunga Poort, Mlawula, Siteki, LYTHRACEAE Status: LR-lc Umbeluzi, Timbutini, Manzini Distribution: Malolotja Recorded in Swaziland by Compton, Culverwell and Nesaea alata Immelman Taxonomy needs attention. Kemp. Status: LR-lc Distribution: Mlawula Eragrostis comptonii De Winter Manilkara discolor (Sond.) J.H.Hemsl. In or near shallow pans. Only recorded twice, once from Status: LR-lc Status: LR-lc Kruger National Park (South Africa) and once in the Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Mlawula, Carmichael’s, Mzimpofu River Lebombo Mountains. Distribution: Mbabane area, Malolotja Only in South Africa according to PRECIS, but observed Occurs in shady places at foot of rocks or forest by several people in the wild in Swaziland.

margins. Very similar to Eragrostis curvula. SWAZILAND MORACEAE

Ficus bubu Warb. Status: LR-lc Distribution: Mlawula, Manzinyama, Umbeluzi Poort, Siteki, Sihaya In Androstachys forests in Mlawula.

OLEACEAE

Chionanthus foveolatus (E.Mey.) Stearn subsp. foveolatus Status: LR-lc Distribution: Mlawula, Jilobi, Umbeluzi Gorge Known from only a single protected locality in Swaziland.

ORCHIDACEAE

Disa extinctoria Rchb.f. Status: LR-nt Distribution: Unspecified locality in Swaziland Rare, occurs in damp grassland and swamps at an altitude of 1,000–1,300 m. Flowers from December to Mondia whitei, also known from South Africa and Mozambique, is used for medicinal purposes. (Photo: A. Nicholas)

LOWER RISK 129 DATA DEFICIENT

Two records for it in Swaziland. Collected for Brachystelma circinatum E.Mey. ACANTHACEAE horticultural purposes. Status: DD Known from Codd 9515. Barleria oxyphylla Lindau Clivia miniata (Lindl.) Regel var. citrina Watson Status: DD Clivia miniata-(Lindl.) Regel var. flava E.Phillips Brachystelma gemmeum R.A.Dyer Endemism: Near-endemic? Status: DD Status: DD Threats: Agriculture Endemism: Near-endemic? Taxonomy of the Swaziland specimens may possibly Distribution: Tshaneni (Lowveld) need attention. The species was previously reported to Known only from type collection (1970s) in Clivia nobilis Lindl. only occur in South Africa. Known only from a single Komatipoort (South Africa). However, unconfirmed Status: DD record in Swaziland. reports that it occurs in Swaziland, as well as No herbarium specimen for Swaziland, but has been Mozambique. Restricted distribution range. observed there. Brachystelma gerrardii Harv. Status: DD Peristrophe transvaalensis (C.B.Clarke) K.Balkwill Distribution: Black Umbeluzi Valley, Nkomati Pass, Status: DD ANACARDIACEAE Little Usuthu River, Sipocosini, Komati Pass Distribution: Ingwavuma Poort, Hlane Game Reserve Recorded in Swaziland by Compton. Lannea schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. var. Salpinctium hirsutum T.J.Edwards stuhlmannii (Engl.) Kokwaro Ceropegia ampliata E.Mey. Status: DD Status: DD Status: DD Threats: Agriculture, urban expansion Likely to be extinct in Swaziland. Distribution: Ngwenya Causeway Distribution: Siteki, Hlatikulu, Malandze Road to Known from collections in Swaziland by Bayliss. Maphalaleni Rhus rogersii Schonland Very little is known about this recently described Status: DD Ceropegia carnosa E.Mey. species. Known from to between Nelspruit and Status: DD Barberton (South Africa). Distribution: Komati Pass, Bunya Known from collections in Swaziland by Kemp. ALOACEAE ANNONACEAE Ceropegia crassifolia Schltr. Aloe chortolirioides A.Berger var. woolliana (Pole- Status: DD Evans) Glen & D.S.Hardy Xylopia parviflora (A.Rich.) Benth. Distribution: Dinedor Status: DD Status: DD Known from collections in Swaziland by Culverwell and Distribution: Malalotja, Forbes Reef, Mbabane, the Threats: Collection Wallis. Umbeluzi (near Waterford), Hawane Waterfall Collected for medicinal properties. The yellow form is found across the border in South Ceropegia decidua E.A.Bruce subsp. decidua Africa. The yellow form is more widely distributed than Status: DD the red form. Generally known from Limpopo Province ANTHERICACEAE Distribution: Sicusha, Mtindekwa River and Mpumalanga in South Africa. One record for Swaziland by Compton. Chlorophytum acutum (C.H.Wright) Nordal Aloe cooperi Baker subsp. cooperi Status: DD Ceropegia fortuita R.A.Dyer Status: DD Single record by Compton. PRECIS does not have it Status: DD Distribution: Malolotja Valley, Ezulwini, Stegi, 20 km recorded for Swaziland. Distribution: Ngwenya Causeway North of Piggs Peak In 1976 one site according to Compton. Only occurs in Found in Malalotja Valley in the mid-veld. Taxonomic Chlorophytum saundersiae (Baker) Nordal South Africa according to PRECIS. problem makes this species difficult to assess. Very Status: DD common and widespread in South Africa. Distribution: Lebombo Mountains Ceropegia linearis E.Mey. subsp. woodii (Schltr.) In Swaziland, known mainly from records by Compton. H.Huber Aloe dominella Reynolds Common in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal (South Status: DD Status: DD Africa). Distribution: Malagwane Hill, Siphofaneni, Mdimba Distribution: Ingwavuma (Southern part) Recorded in Swaziland by Codd, Dlamini, Culverwell and Was listed as Indeterminate for Swaziland in a previous Kemp. RDL. No further information available but thought ARALIACEAE prudent to include it here. Ceropegia nilotica Kotschy Cussonia zuluensis Strey Ceropegia plicata-E.A.Bruce Aloe greatheadii Schonland var. davyana Status: DD Status: DD (Schonland) Glen & D.S.Hardy Distribution: Bulunga Poort, Sipophaneni, Sidvokodvo Distribution: Ingwavuma Poort Aloe graciliflora-Groenew.; Aloe barbertoniae Pole Evans One record in Swaziland by Compton. Known mainly from old collections (Compton). Status: DD Some of the above taxa were previously considered to Ceropegia pachystelma Schltr. be threatened in the former Transvaal (South Africa). ASCLEPIADACEAE Status: DD

SWAZILAND Extremely common and widespread in South Africa. Distribution: Sicusha Asclepias crassinervis N.E.Br. Known mainly from old collections (Bayliss). Aloe integra Reynolds Status: DD Status: DD Distribution: Mbabane, Usuthu Forest, Komati Pass, Ceropegia racemosa N.E.Br. subsp. setifera Threats: Afforestation Maphalaleni (Schltr.) H.Huber Distribution: Malolotja, Usuthu Forests, 3 km east of Reported to occur in Swaziland. Status: DD Mankanyane Distribution: Mlawula, Maguga, Gollel, Komati Pass Was previously thought to be Rare in Swaziland. Usuthu Asclepias cultriformis Harv. ex Schltr. One site protected, whereas the other is inundated. It Forest subpopulation is healthy with well over 500 Status: DD is known from several collections such as those of individuals. Is a forestry conservation site. Identified as Distribution: Usuthu, 14 km from Piggs Peak to Culverwell, Germishuizen, Dlamini and Hilliard. area worthy of protection. Mbabane, unspecified locality in Mbabane Widespread, although represented by only a few Ceropegia rendallii N.E.Br. collections. Status: DD AMARYLLIDACEAE Known from collections in Swaziland by Bayliss. Brachystelma chlorozonum E.A.Bruce Clivia caulescens R.A.Dyer Status: DD Ceropegia sandersonii Decne. ex Hook.f. Status: DD Distribution: Ingwavuma Status: DD Threats: Collection Was previously considered to be Rare in South Africa’s Distribution: Sicusha, Ngwenya Causeway, Dinedor, Distribution: Devils Bridge former Transvaal, but new subpopulations have been Mtindekwa River, Maloma found along the escarpment in Swaziland. The species is well-collected by Compton.

130 DATA DEFICIENT Woodia singularis N.E.Br. Recorded in Swaziland by Compton. Known from several Status: DD records in Mpumalanga (South Africa). CELASTRACEAE Endemism: Near-endemic Reported as a Swaziland endemic, although there is an Helichrysum mixtum (Kuntze) Moeser var. Allocassine laurifolia (Harv.) N.Robson old record from a neighbouring locality in South Africa. grandiceps Hilliard Status: DD Status: DD Distribution: Jilobi Forest, Mbeluzi Gorge -Shewula Distribution: Ngundwane River, Malandela, Known from collections in Swaziland by Kemp. ASPHODELACEAE Bremmersdorp, Komati Bridge, Kobolando Mountain. Recorded in Swaziland by Compton. Haworthia limifolia Marloth var. limifolia COLCHICACEAE Status: DD Helichrysum mutabile Hilliard Threats: Collection Status: DD Sandersonia aurantiaca Hook. Distribution: Lebombo (Siteki to Pongola) Distribution: Evelyn Baring Bridge, Komati Pass Status: DD Collected for medicinal purposes. Also in Mpumalanga Both records in Swaziland by Compton. Threats: Collection and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Distribution: Hlatikhulu Helichrysum petraeum Hilliard Rare everywhere and often removed and picked by Trachyandra asperata Kunth subsp. swaziensis Status: DD collectors. Also known from as far afield as the Oberm. Distribution: Millers Falls, Palwane Hills Cape in South Africa. Status: DD One record in Swaziland by Compton. Known from Distribution: Ukuthula, Black Umbeluzi Falls, Mbabane several records in KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Recorded in Swaziland by Compton. COMMELINACEAE Helichrysum reflexum N.E.Br. Status: DD Aneilema schlechteri K.Schum. ASTERACEAE Distribution: Havelock Road, Bomvu Ridge Status: DD Record in Swaziland by Compton. Known from several Endemism: Near-endemic Helichrysum argyrolepis MacOwan records in Mpumalanga (South Africa). Distribution: Malinda, Grand Valley Status: DD Known from collections in Swaziland by Codd, from two Distribution: Malolotja, Ukuthula, Usuthu, Mbabane, Helichrysum tongense Hilliard localities. Ngwenya Mountains, Devils Bridge Status: DD Recorded in Swaziland by Compton and Braun. Common Distribution: Mpepo in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Reported to be rare in South Africa. No information CRASSULACEAE available for Swaziland. Helichrysum athrixiifolium (Kuntze) Crassula alba Forssk. var. pallida Toelken Status: DD Helichrysum transmontanum Hilliard Status: DD Distribution: Malkerns, Mlawula, Hlatikulu, Hlane Status: DD Endemism: Endemic? Game Reserve, Malandzela, possibly Maguga Distribution: Malolotja, Mhlambanyatsi Valley, Black Distribution: Bomvu Ridge, Mukusini Hills, Nyokane Mbeluzi Valley, Emlembe Recorded from Swaziland by Compton and Dlamini. Helichrysum aureolum Hilliard Recorded in Swaziland by Compton and Braun. Status: DD Crassula alba Forssk. var. parvisepala (Schonland) Distribution: Forbes Reef, Hlambanyati Valley, Helichrysum truncatum Burtt Davy Toelken Mbabane Status: DD Status: DD One record in Swaziland by Dlamini. Several records for Distribution: Palwane Hills Distribution: Malolotja, Maguga, Ngenya Hills, Siteki, it in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Known from collections in Swaziland by Compton. Bearded man Mountain. Known from several records in Mpumalanga (South Known mainly from three records, one in a protected Helichrysum aureum (Houtt.) Merr. var. candidum Africa). area. Two are possibly in an inundated area. Hilliard Status: DD Helichrysum wilmsii Moeser Crassula compacta Schonland Distribution: Forbes Reef, Mbabane, Gobolo Status: DD Status: DD Known from several varieties in Swaziland. Helichrysum Distribution: Black Mbeluzi Falls, Piggs Peak, Devils Distribution: Bomvu Ridge aureum var. aureum was collected by Compton in the Bridge, Emlembe Known from collections by Compton and Forsyth- Lebombo. H. aureum var. monocephalum was collected Recorded in Swaziland by Compton. Thompson. by Braun in Malolotja. Swaziland seems to be an ecotone for varieties of this species. Inula paniculata (Klatt) Burtt Davy Kalanchoe alticola Compton Status: DD Status: DD Helichrysum chrysargyrum Moeser Distribution: Mukusini Hills Status: DD Plecostachys polifolia (Thunb.) Hilliard &

Distribution: Black Mbeluzi Valley, Ukuthula, Mbabane, B.L.Burtt Kalanchoe luciae Raym.-Hamet subsp. montana SWAZILAND Ngoyoyo Status: DD (Compton) Toelken Recorded in Swaziland by Compton. Several records for Distribution: Havelock Status: DD it in Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Known from collections in Swaziland by Miller. Endemism: Near-endemic Distribution: Devils Bridge, Mbabane, Hilltop Helichrysum dasyanthum (Willd.) Sweet Senecio mbuluzensis Compton Recorded in Swaziland by Compton and Dlamini. Status: DD Status: DD Only one herbarium record for it in Swaziland by Distribution: 5 km West of Mhlosheni, Ukuthula, Kalanchoe sexangularis N.E.Br. Stewart. Generally known from the Cape in South Mbabane, Black Umbeluzi Valley Kalanchoe rogersii-Raym.-Hamet Africa. Widespread. Possibly a near-endemic but information Status: DD unavailable. Reported to be rare in South Africa. No Threats: Grazing Helichrysum difficile Hilliard information available for Swaziland. Distribution: Ingwavuma Poort (Lebombo) Status: DD Habitat specialist, but with a scattered distribution. Distribution: Forbes Reef Senecio medley-woodii Hutch. Cattle grazing is a threat. Known from collections in Swaziland by Compton. Status: DD Common in Gauteng and Mpumalanga (South Africa). Distribution: Lebombo Mountains () to Umtamvuna River, Mlawula CYPERACEAE Helichrysum galpinii N.E.Br. Has succulent stems. Good horticultural potential. Status: DD Reported to be fairly uncommon in South Africa. No Costularia natalensis C.B.Clarke Distribution: Waverly Mine, Ngwenya Mountains, information available for Swaziland. Tetraria natalensis-(C.B.Clarke) Koyama Motjane, Mbabane, Bomvu Ridge Status: DD Recorded in Swaziland by Compton. Fairly common in Senecio umbellatus L. Threats: Afforestation Mpumalanga (South Africa). Status: DD Distribution: Usuthu Forest, Dalriach, Ukuthula, Piggs Widespread in Swaziland. Generally known from the Peak Helichrysum S.Moore Cape flora in South Africa. Found in grassland and forest margins. In KwaZulu- Status: DD Natal (South Africa), it is threatened by afforestation. Distribution: Ukuthula, Mbabane, Black Mbeluzi Falls, The commonly used name is Tetraria. Common in Havelock

DATA DEFICIENT 131 KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga and Limpopo Province Streptocarpus polyanthus Hook. subsp. comptonii Distribution: Mbabane hills (South Africa). (Mansf.) Hilliard Apparently there are closely related specimens from Status: DD southern KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa). Schoenoxiphium lehmannii (Nees) Steud. Kobresia lehmannii-(Nees) Koyama var. lehmannii Status: DD HIPPOCRATEACEAE LAMIACEAE Threats: Urban expansion, collection Distribution: Malolotja, Hilltop Salacia gerrardii Harv. Hemizygia petiolata M.Ashby The synonym was listed as threatened in previous RDLs. Status: DD Status: DD Hilltop site near an informal settlement where it is Distribution: Jilobi, Muti-muti Distribution: Maguga, Sisa highly threatened. Used for basketry. Very common in Only in South Africa according to PRECIS. South Africa. Hemizygia pretoriae (Gürke) M.Ashby subsp. heterotricha Codd HYACINTHACEAE Status: DD DRYOPTERIDACEAE Distribution: Hlatikhulu, Verdun, Kubuta, Gege Drimiopsis maxima Baker Recorded in Swaziland by Compton. Polystichum macleae (Baker) Diels Status: DD Status: DD Distribution: Usuthu Mission Hemizygia pretoriae (Gürke) M.Ashby subsp. Fairly common in South Africa’s Mpumulanga and pretoriae Limpopo Province. Ornithogalum capillare J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans Status: DD Status: DD Distribution: Ngotshane Polystichum transkeiense Jacobsen Known from many localities in South Africa. The Known from collections by Compton. Status: DD distribution tips into Swaziland. Distribution: Kings Forest Hemizygia transvaalensis (Schltr.) M.Ashby Known from collections in Swaziland by Burrows. Ornithogalum monophyllum Baker Status: DD Status: DD Distribution: Malolotja, Piggs Peak Distribution: Nduma, Mbabane (Fonteyn), Havelock One record for Swaziland requiring confirmation. EBENACEAE Recorded in Swaziland by Compton, Dlamini and Kemp. Plectranthus rubropunctatus Codd Euclea undulata Thunb. Ornithogalum saundersiae Baker Status: DD Status: DD Status: DD Distribution: Mdzimba, Forbes Reef, Ermelo Rd., Piggs Distribution: Simunye, Sicusha, Golela Distribution: Marula Ridge, Mbabane, Cecil Mancks Pass Peak, Mbabane Only one record for Swaziland by Rodin. Recorded in Swaziland by Compton and Nicholson. Plectranthus zuluensis T.Cooke Status: DD ERICACEAE HYPOXIDACEAE Endemism: Near-endemic Distribution: Mdzimba, Umbeluzi Erica revoluta (Bolus) L.E.Davidson Hypoxis hemerocallidea Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Recorded in Swaziland by Culverwell. Erica austroverna-Hilliard Status: DD Status: DD Very widely used. Still very widespread and abundant in Stachys aethiopica L. No known herbarium specimens for Swaziland, but the wild. Status: DD observed there in the wild. Distribution: Isiteki Beacon Known mainly from old collections (Compton). IRIDACEAE EUPHORBIACEAE Stachys arachnoidea Codd Dierama adelphicum Hilliard Status: DD Croton steenkampianus Gerstner Status: DD Distribution: Mbabane District, Malolotja, Piggs Peak, Status: DD Distribution: Unspecified locality in Swaziland Forbes Reef Distribution: Blue Jay Ranch (Mlawula) Known from Limpopo Province and Mpumalanga (South One record in a protected area by Lycette. Known to be Africa). Stachys natalensis Hochst. var. galpinii (Briq.) extremely common outside Swaziland. Codd Dierama insigne N.E.Br. Status: DD Euphorbia knobelii Letty Status: DD Distribution: Malolotja, Havelock mine, Nduma, Status: DD Distribution: Oshoek Ngwenya Mountain. Swaziland specimens should be checked and taxonomy Common in South Africa. needs attention. Stachys simplex Schltr. Dierama medium N.E.Br. Status: DD Synadenium cupulare (Boiss.) L.C.Wheeler Status: DD Distribution: Malolotja, Mbabane Status: DD Distribution: Usuthu, Waverley Mine Distribution: Mdhetshana farm Common in South Africa. Stachys tubulosa MacOwan Recorded in Swaziland by Miller. Status: DD Dierama mossii (N.E.Br.) Hilliard Only in South Africa according to PRECIS. However, Status: DD certain that it occurs in Swaziland, but never surveyed. GENTIANACEAE Distribution: Forbes Reef

SWAZILAND Known from several collections from Forbes Reef. Thorncroftia thorncroftii (S.Moore) Codd Sebaea erosa Schinz Common in South Africa. Status: DD Status: DD Endemism: Near-endemic Distribution: Mbabane Gladiolus ferrugineus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning Distribution: Northwest of Piggs Peak (mountains) Known from collections in Swaziland by Compton. Gladiolus varius-F.Bolus var. micranthus (Baker) Oberm. Found at a neighbouring locality in South Africa. Status: DD Distribution: Forbes Reef, 4.5 km West of Piggs Peak GESNERIACEAE Common in South Africa. LAURACEAE

Streptocarpus cyaneus S.Moore Gladiolus hollandii L.Bolus Ocotea kenyensis (Chiov.) Robyns & R.Wilczek Status: DD Status: DD Status: DD Distribution: Millers Falls, Mmhlammbanyati, Piggs Previously listed as Rare for South Africa’s former Distribution: Kings Forest (Bulembu), Malolotja Peak, Malkerns, Malolotja Transvaal and Swaziland. It is reported to be common in hills above Barberton in South Africa, as it is a Streptocarpus pentherianus Fritsch highveld species. Common in South Africa. Status: DD Threats: Urban expansion Hesperantha umbricola Goldblatt Distribution: Mbabane, Hawane Falls Status: DD Restricted distribution. Does not appear in PRECIS. Endemism: Endemic? Threats: Habitat degradation

132 DATA DEFICIENT Nesaea zambatidis Immelman Cape area (South Africa). Both synonyms were LEGUMINOSAE: CAESALPINIOIDEAE Status: DD classified as threatened in previous RDLs. Distribution: Mlawula Chamaecrista capensis (Thunb.) E.Mey. var. Known from collections in Swaziland by Culverwell. Habenaria bicolor Conrath & Kraenzl. capensis Habenaria laevigata-Lindl. subsp. bicolor (Conrath & Kraenzl.) Status: DD Schltr. Distribution: Hawane Falls MARSILEACEAE Status: DD Known from collections by Compton and Stewart. Known mainly from Gauteng (South Africa). Flowers Marsilea fenestrata Launert mainly from March to April. According to PRECIS, two Chamaecrista capensis (Thunb.) E.Mey. var. Status: DD localities outside Swaziland. Apparently new specimens flavescens (Thunb.) E.Mey. Locally common in seasonally inundated pans. collected from Swaziland. Reported from Zimbabwe but Status: DD very unlikely. Known from grasslands. Distribution: Stroma Known from collections in Swaziland by Compton. MELIACEAE Habenaria culveri Schltr. Status: DD Turraea floribunda Hochst. LEGUMINOSAE: PAPILIONOIDEAE Status: DD Neobolusia tysonii (Bolus) Schltr. Distribution: Lebombo Mountains, Mhlophe, Siteki Status: DD Tephrosia albissima H.M.L.Forbes subsp. albissima Recorded in Swaziland by Compton. Distribution: Forbes Reef Status: DD Wide distribution in South Africa from the Eastern Cape Distribution: Mankayane to Mpumalanga. Small cross-border distribution in Known from collections in Swaziland by Compton. MELIANTHACEAE Swaziland.

Tephrosia brummittii Schrire Bersama transvaalensis Turrill Status: DD Status: DD PASSIFLORACEAE Endemism: Endemic? Known from two records in Swaziland by Dlamini. From Distribution: Black Umbeluzi Falls, Malandzela a South African perspective, unlikely to be rare. Adenia hastata (Harv.) Schinz var. glandulifera Recorded in Swaziland by Compton and Germishuizen. W.J.de Wilde Status: DD Tephrosia capensis (Jacq.) Pers. var. capensis MORACEAE Distribution: Bulunga Poort Status: DD Single record by Compton. Known mainly from old collections (Mogg). Ficus burtt-davyi Hutch. Status: DD Tephrosia natalensis H.M.L.Forbes subsp. Distribution: Shiselweni Forest Company PERIPLOCACEAE natalensis Known from two subpopulations in Swaziland. Status: DD Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels Distribution: Evelyn Baring Bridge, Tshaneni, Status: DD Mankaiana OCHNACEAE Threats: Collection Recorded in Swaziland by Compton. Distribution: Siteki, Ochna arborea Burch. ex DC. var. oconnorii Widespread, and probably utilised everywhere. Known Tephrosia retusa Burtt Davy (E.Phillips) Du Toit from several collections in Swaziland. Harvested for Status: DD Status: DD medicinal purposes. Nothing is known about the rates Only in South Africa according to PRECIS. However, Distribution: Muti Muti, Jilobi, north of Mbabane of utilisation in Swaziland, and distributions from certain that it occurs in Swaziland, but never surveyed. Unconfirmed report that it occurs in Swaziland. herbarium collections in Swaziland could not be confirmed. Ochna gamostigmata Du Toit LOBELIACEAE Status: DD Distribution: Havelock Concession POACEAE Monopsis malvacea E.Wimm. Lobelia coddii-Compton Ehrharta erecta Lam. var. natalensis Stapf Status: DD Status: DD Endemism: Endemic Distribution: Malolotja Distribution: Mbabane, Hlatikulu woodiana Knobl. Known from collections in Swaziland by Braun. Status: DD Widespread in the summer rainfall region of South Distribution: Jilobi, Ubombo Mountain. Africa. LORANTHACEAE Recorded in Swaziland by Miller.

Eragrostis barbinodis Hack. SWAZILAND Tapinanthus forbesii (Sprague) Wiens Status: DD Status: DD OLINIACEAE Endemism: Near-endemic Distribution: Tshaneni Distribution: Nkomati River Valley Olinia emarginata Burtt Davy Also known from South Africa. Tapinanthus gracilis Toelken & Wiens Status: DD Status: DD Distribution: Jilobi Sartidia jucunda (Schweick.) De Winter Distribution: Ingwavuma Poort Previously reported only to occur in South Africa. Status: DD Known from collections in Swaziland by Compton and Endemism: Near-endemic Dlamini. Distribution: Malolotja ORCHIDACEAE The species is restricted to the Barberton Mountains. Tapinanthus rubromarginatus (Engl.) Danser Known from only a single site outside Swaziland. Moeser Calanthe sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl. Status: DD Calanthe natalensis-(Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. Sartidia sp. Distribution: Hlatikhulu, Mankaiana, Tshaneni Status: DD Status: DD Three records by Compton, Dlamini and Karsten. Distribution: Malandela Endemism: Near-endemic In evergreen and riverine montane forest, near streams Distribution: Malolotja (N & S) and swampy areas. Also known from the Eastern Cape Found on serpentine soils, but undescribed for more LYTHRACEAE in South Africa. Widespread throughout Tropical Africa than a decade. and Madagascar. Nesaea sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne var. Thamnocalamus tessellatus (Nees) Sonderstr. & ericiformis Koehne forma swaziensis Immelman Eulophia speciosa (R.Br. ex Lindl.) Bolus R.P.Ellis Status: DD Eulophia austrooccidentalis-Sölch.; Eulophia leucantha Arundinaria tessellata-(Nees) Munro Basically known from four records by Compton and (Kraenzl.) Sölch. Status: DD Karsten. Status: DD Dispute as to how abundant this species is in Distribution: Mlawula, Umbeluzi Gorge Swaziland. Well represented outside Swaziland. Utilised Northwards into Tropical Africa. Also reported from the throughout its range.

DATA DEFICIENT 133 Pentas micrantha Baker subsp. wyliei (N.E.Br.) PROTEACEAE Verdc. STERCULIACEAE Status: DD macnaughtonii E.Phillips Distribution: Mapokane, Mnyame, Komati Valley, Crassula greenwayi Brenan Status: DD Tulwane Status: DD Distribution: Mlumati, Malolotja, Shelangubu Valley Distribution: Shewula (Umbeluzi Gorge North Bank), Locally common, but restricted distribution in Muti Muti Swaziland. RUTACEAE Sterculia murex Hemsl. Teclea gerrardii I.Verd. Status: DD RHIZOPHORACEAE Status: DD Only in South Africa according to PRECIS. However, Distribution: Muti Muti, Jilobi certain that it occurs in Swaziland but never surveyed. Cassipourea swaziensis Compton Recorded in Swaziland by Miller. Status: DD Endemism: Near-endemic Teclea natalensis (Sond.) Engl. TURNERACEAE Threats: Grazing, fire Status: DD Distribution: Mhlosheni, 2 km north of Mbabane, Tricliceras laceratum (Oberm.) Oberm. Nhlangano, Nsongweni Teclea pilosa (Engl.) I.Verd. Status: DD Very restricted in Swaziland. Also in South Africa Status: DD Distribution: Tshaneni (KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga?). Quartzite. Area poorly Known from collections in Swaziland by Edwards and collected, only old collections. Cattle grazing and Culverwell. population growth a problem. SAMYDACEAE Tricliceras longipedunculatum (Mast.) R.Fern. var. Homalium dentatum (Harv.) Warb. longipedunculatum RUBIACEAE Status: DD Status: DD Distribution: Jilobi, Siteki, Tibulati stream Known mainly from old collections (Barrett). Canthium suberosum Codd Recorded in Swaziland by Miller. Status: DD Distribution: Hlatikhulu VERBENACEAE Known from specimens collected by Compton. SANTALACEAE Vitex rehmannii Gürke Pavetta zeyheri Sond. Thesium gracilentum N.E.Br. Status: DD Pavetta microlancea-K.Schum. Status: DD Distribution: Siteki Status: DD Distribution: Emlembo Mountain (Havelock Conces- Known from collections in Swaziland by Miller. The synonym was listed as threatened in previous RDLs. sion) Known only from old collections. Found in an inaccessible habitat.

SWAZILAND

Encephalartos relictus is classified as Extinct in the Wild. (Photo: P.J.H. Hurter)

134 DATA DEFICIENT