Swaziland Portfolio

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Swaziland Suid Kaap R38 Matsamo/Jeppe’s Reef Mlumati 64km River River 9km Mountainlands 40km Border Post Lebombo R38 Nature Reserve 07h00-20h00 Lake Matsamo Barberton Matsamo Cultural Village Queen’s 9km Hhohho Mountains o el e River v rv Sondeza Range Ngonini m se R40 gi e Makhonjwa Geotrail n R MR1 So re 29km u Makhonjwa Hills MR6 at N Bulembu/Josefsdal Phophonyane Falls Mananga Ecolodge & Nature Reserve Border Post Bulembu 40km 34km Border Post Shamora Machel Komati River 08h00-16h00 Country Lodge Rocklands 08h00-18h00 Memorial Songimvelo MR20 5km Tjakastad Pigg’s Peak 41km Shewula 21km MR5 Tshaneni Namaacha Nature Reserve Kuthuleni Mountain Camp Sand River Mananga Country Club Malolotja 23km 40km & Guest House Lomahasha/Namaacha Nature Reserve Maguga Dam Dam Mhlume Border Post Silingane MR2 34km 50km Hills Bhalekane 30km MR24 07h00-20h00 34km Maguga Lodge 19km Ngwenya Madlangamphisi (Also Bass Fishing) Ngwenya/Oshoek Hills Komati River Maphiveni Nkhaba 20km Mnjoli Dam 2 Border Post Hwane Resort Lochiel 07h00 - 24h00 Hwane Dam Hhohho Croydon Njoli Hlane Royal Mlawula- MR5 Nature Ndzindza- Oshoek Reserve National Park Goba Region Mliba Mbuluzi Ngwenya Motshane 35km 23km 16km Nature Reserves MR3 Mbuluzane Mhlumeni/Goba Lushushwana Mbuluzi River Mbabane Luve River 19km Border Post Lundzi/Waverly River MR3 17km 07h00-22h00 Border Post 23km Mpisi D21A Luphohlo Dam 35km 08h00 - 16h00 Ezulwini Ngogolo 4km 15km 27km MR3 Mlilwane Lukhula Mpuluzi MR103 Lobamba 8km Mpaka Siteki MR19 Wildlife Mafutseni River Sanctuary 8km Manzini Hhelehhele Lubombo Nerston/Sandlane Malkerns Matsapha Bhunya 13km Border Post 14km Matsapha Region MR16 Lebombo MR18 Airport Timbutini 08h00 - 18h00 32km 20km 26km 39km Mapakane MR19 Hills 38km Luyengo MR9 MR8 Mountains Mzimphofu River Mkhaya Manzini Sidvokodvo Mbulungeni Game Reserve 42km Siphofaneni Hills Region Ngwempisi River Mankayane Sinceni Mountains 26km MR27 Big Bend Mahlangatja Lusutfu River Sicunusa/Houtkop Mgazini Hills Swaziland Border Post Driefontein Mbobwane Hills 27km 08h00 - 18h00 Sicunusa Khubutha Mkhondvo River Sithobela 16km Habeni Kop 29km Salem 30km Gege/Bothashoop 65km 24km Border Post Hlathikhulu Nisela EMkhondo 08h00 - 16h00 Shiselweni Game Reserve 23km MR9 Maloma 31km Lubuli Nsoko (Piet Retief) Mbondzela Region 19km Lugolweni Hills 37km MR8 Nhlangano Ingwavuma Assegai River Mahamba Ngwavuma River 35km Border Post Dwaleni Mhlosheni Nkondolo R33 07h00 - 22h00 MR11 Hluti 66km N2 Hills 59km Lavumisa/Golela Nsalitje/Onverwacht 31km Border Post 53km 125km Border Post 07h00 - 22h00 08h00 - 16h00 Golela Hlatikulu Jozini Forest Reserve Phongola River Dam Jozini Pongola Pongola 12km Nature Copy Right © 2018: Gerhard Brummer Reserve [email protected] +27 (0)72 664 3937 www.hoedspruit.net.

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Swaziland Government Gazette Extraordinary
149 SWAZILAND GOVERNMENT GAZETTE EXTRAORDINARY VOL. XXXIX] MBABANE,Friday, MARCH 9th., 200) [No. 667 a J fo aa é CONTENTS No. Page PART C - LEGAL NOTICES 41. The Maximum Bus and Taxi Fares (Amendment) Regulations, 2001 .......0...0...0 ee Si PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY PART C SI LEGAL NOTICENO. 41 OF 2001 THE ROAD TRANSPORTATION ACT, 1963 ( Act No. 37 of 1963) THE MAXIMUM BUS AND TAXI FARES (AMENDMENT) REGULATIONS,2001 (UnderSection 28) In exercise of the powers conferred by Section 28 of the Road Transportation Act, 1963 the Minister for Public Works and Transport makesthe following Regulations - Citation and commencement These Regulations may be cited as the Maximum Busand Taxi Fares (Amendment) Regulations 2001 and shall comeinto force on the 12" of March, 2001. AmendmentofLegal Notice 131 of1999 The Maximum Bus and Taxi Fares (Amendment) Regulations 1999 are amended by deleting Schedules “A”and “B”to the Regulations and substituting them with the following New Schedules “SCHEDULE A” MAXIMUM BUS FARES The basis for the calculation of maximum fares for the conveyance of passengers by meansof a busshall be as follows:- (a) acharge for any passenger journey up to 8 kilometres ..... 00...eeeeeeeeeee BL20 (b) for ajourney in excess of8 kilometres, a charge per kilometrewill be .................. E0.16 GENERAL DISTANCES KM () Any Journey Distance 1 1.20 Any Journey Distance 2 1.20 Any Journey Distance 3 1.20 Any Journey Distance 4 1.20 Any Journey Distance 5 1.20 Any Jourmey Distance 6 1.20 Any Journey Distance 7 1.20 Any Journey Distance 8 1.20 Any Journey Distance.
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Formerly Swaziland)
GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites Year XI, vol. 22, no. 2, 2018, p.535-547 ISSN 2065-0817, E-ISSN 2065-1198 DOI 10.30892/gtg.22222-309 GEOSITES AS A POTENTIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM – OVERVIEW OF RELEVANT SITES IN ESWATINI (FORMERLY SWAZILAND) Thomas SCHLÜTER* Department of Geography, Environmental Science and Planning, University of Swaziland, P.B. 4, Kwaluseni, Eswatini, e-mail: [email protected] Andreas SCHUMANN Department of Geology and Petroleum Studies, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, e-mail: [email protected] Citation: Schlüter, T., & Schumann, A. (2018). GEOSITES AS A POTENTIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM – OVERVIEW OF RELEVANT SITES IN ESWATINI (FORMERLY SWAZILAND). GeoJournal of Tourism and Geosites. 22(2), 535–547. https://doi.org/10.30892/gtg.22222-309 Abstract: Despite being one of the smallest countries in Africa, the Kingdom of Eswatini (formerly Swaziland) is characterized by many locations, which are due to their geoscientific significance to be termed as geosites, and which are here in an overview presented and briefly explained. Each of them can be assigned to a specific scientific approach, e.g. as a landscape, a geological, a geomorphologic, an archaeological (prehistoric) or a mining heritage site. Eswatini yields remarkable landscapes like the Mahamba Gorge and the Sibebe Monolith, it exhibits worldwide one of the largest in granite formed caves (Gobholo), and possibly the oldest dated rocks in Africa (Piggs Peak gneisses), as well as beautiful and scientifically relevant rock painting sites (Nsangwini, Sandlane and Hholoshini) and three abandoned mines in the Barberton Greenstone Belt (Forbes, Ngwenya and Bulembu).
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Technology Needs Assessment for Climate Change Tna Mitigation Barrier and Enabling Framework Report for Swaziland
THE KINGDOM OF SWAZILAND TECHNOLOGY NEEDS ASSESSMENT FOR CLIMATE CHANGE TNA MITIGATION BARRIER AND ENABLING FRAMEWORK REPORT FOR SWAZILAND Ma y 2 017 Contents List of Tables .......................................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... v Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. ii Units ........................................................................................................................................................ ii Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 1 Background on Prioritised Technologies and Methodology for Barrier Analysis and Enabling Framework ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Prioritisation of technologies ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Selection of technologies for barrier analysis and enabling framework ...................................... 1 1.3 Barrier Analysis and Possible Enabling Measures Methodology .................................................. 3 Energy Sector ........................................................................................................................
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Report of the Auditor General for Financial Year Report Ended 31
Report of the Auditor General for the Financial Year Ended 31 Report of the Auditor General for Financial Year Report of the Auditor General for the Financial Year 31st March 2015 Office of the Auditor General Sustainable Development Report of the Auditor General Wise-Spending for the Financial Year Ended 31st March 2015 Intergrity SPEND WISELY st March 2015 P.O. Box 98 Mbabane H100, Swaziland Old Income Tax Building Opposite the Main Treasury Building, 1st & 2nd Floor TO ACHIEVE DEVELOPMENT Talk to us @ +268 2404 2796/7 Fax to us @ +268 2404 2839 Printpak by Printed a Report of the Auditor General for the Financial Year 31st March 2015 b Report of the Auditor General for the Financial Year 31st March 2015 The Kingdom of Swaziland REPORT OF THE AUDITOR GENERAL ON THE WORK OF THE OFFICE OF THE AUDITOR GENERAL AND ON THE GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTS OF THE KINGDOM OF SWAZILAND FOR THE FINANCIAL YEAR ENDED 31ST MARCH 2015 i Report of the Auditor General for the Financial Year 31st March 2015 The Kingdom of Swaziland Office of the Auditor General P. O. Box 98 Mbabane, H100 Swaziland Ministry of Finance P.O. Box 443 Mbabane, H100 Swaziland Your Honourable, In accordance with Section 207 (5) of the Constitution of Swaziland, I have pleasure and honour to submit my report on the Audit of the Accounts of the Government of Swaziland for the financial year ended 31st March, 2015. Yours Faithfully. P. T. Nxumalo Auditor General of the Kingdom of Swaziland ii Report of the Auditor General for the Financial Year 31st March 2015 The Speaker of the House of Assembly in Parliament C E R T I F I C A T E Report on the Financial Statements I have audited the accompanying financial statements of the Swaziland Government for the year ended 31 March 2015.
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Delegation of the European Commission to Swaziland
This project is funded by the European Union Delegation of the European Commission to Swaziland Framework Contract Beneficiaries EuropeAid/119860/C/SV/multi Lot N° 2: Transport and Infrastructures Specific Contract No 2007/133128 Identification Mission for an Infrastructure Improvement Programme in the Sugar Sector in Swaziland Draft Final Report October 2007 The contents of this report is the sole responsibility of Parsons Brinckerhoff Consortium and can in no ways be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. This report is prepared solely for the use and benefit of the Contracting Authority. It is the result of an independent review, and neither Parsons Brinckerhoff Consortium, nor the authors accept or assume any responsibility or duty of care to any third party. ECORYS Nederland BV P.O. Box 4175 3006 AD Rotterdam Watermanweg 44 3067 GG Rotterdam The Netherlands T +31 (0)10 453 88 00 F +31 (0)10 453 07 68 E [email protected] W www.ecorys.com Registration no. 24316726 ECORYS Macro & Sector Policies T +31 (0)31 (0)10 453 87 53 F +31 (0)10 452 36 60 DaK/FG95509rap01 Table of contents List of Abbreviations 7 Executive Summary 9 Background 9 Needs Assessment 10 Project costing 11 Prioritization 11 Budgeting 11 Conclusions and Recommendations 12 1 Background 17 1.1 Country Information 17 1.2 European Union and Swaziland 18 2 Transport Infrastructure 21 2.1 Air Transport 21 2.2 Rail Transport 21 2.3 Roads Transport 22 2.4 Roads Department - Ministry of Public Works and Transport 23 3 Review of Government Development Policies
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Lonely Planet
XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX At the endsharp Encounters on foot and horseback in eSwatini, the small African kingdom where immense creatures come surprisingly close WORDS PETER GRUNERT @petervg73 PHOTOGRAPHS PHILIP LEE HARVEY @philip_lee_harvey_photographer A white rhino, known as Masalempini, and her calf in Mkhaya Game Reserve 54 December 2019 December 2019 55 GO WILD INXXXXXXXXX ESWATINI Left: Mkhaya nature guide Bongani Mbatha 30˚C at noon and zero at midnight. aimed like a medieval siege weapon. hills and fields of Mlilwane Wildlife stands before We creep in silence through the Fortunately, his ears indicate Sanctuary, they are shrouded from a pair of bush. Bongani is on high alert, feeling calm. Bongani grins and signals to harm – so long as they sidestep the white rhino. Right: Maja which direction the breeze carries move backward in a broad zigzag. crocodiles that lurk by the waterhole. Tsabedze and our scent in, and sniffing for the So we zig and we zag, and for some Ann grew up in this highveld Ann Reilly earthy richness of fresh rhino dung. reason the rhino keeps following. As country. In the shadow of Execution ride out at dawn Bongani’s hand rises. Before us is a we head more urgently sideways Rock – from which serious criminals in Mlilwane bull rhino: a whopper, longer and again, drowsiness brought on by the were once thrown – she played on the heavier than the Land Rover we’ve left escalating heat of day overwhelms land worked by her grandfather, behind. He chomps on grass and, as him. The rhino winds on to his knees Mickey Reilly.
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Swaziland ! Bhunya ! ! Inyetane Sandlane ! ! !(Malkerns Magomba ! Usutu Manzini
! 31°0'0"E 31°20'0"E 31°40'0"E 32°0'0"E S S " " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 4 4 ° ° 5 5 2 2 ! Horo ! Ngonini !Barberton o PIGGS PEAK Lomati ! Herefords ! Kobolondo Heights ! Mozambique Rocklands Havelock ! ! ! Bennets Piggs Peak Bulembu ! ! o TJANENI ! Tshaneni Namaacha ! ! Lomahasha S S " " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° ° 6 6 2 2 MHo LUME !( South Africa Mhlume Hhohho ! ! Madlangampisi Vuvulane ! Balegane o TAMBANKULU ! Nokwane Forbes Reef ! Mlawula SIMUNYE ! ! Croydon o Ngwenya ! ! Darkton Mliba ! ! Mhlumeni S S " " 0 0 ' .!Mbabane Commissie Nek ' 0 ! 0 2 2 ° ° 6 6 2 Mbuluzana 2 ! Etjanine ! ! Ezulwini ! Skombeni ! Macnab o SITEKI Mhlambanyatsi ! ! Nkanni ! Siteki Kwaluseni! !(Manzini Mahlanya ! MATASAPHA ! Matsapha Luyengo o Inyetane ! !( Swaziland ! Bhunya ! ! Inyetane Sandlane ! ! !(Malkerns Magomba ! Usutu Manzini ! Sidvokodvo S S " Lubombo " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 4 ! 4 ° ° 6 6 2 Mankayane ! Siphofaneni 2 Holobela ! o TAMBUTI Mvangatini ! Nyabe ! Nkonjane ! Singceni ! Stylkloof ! Big Bend ! !( Mgamane ! Abercorn Verdun o SUGAR ESTATE ! Sicunusa ! ! Von Wissel Kubuta Sitobela Rondspring ! ! ! ! Granvalley Gege ! ! ! Mooihoek Hlatikulu S S " " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 ° ° 7 ! 7 2 Piet Retief Lubuli 2 Maloma ! ! Shiselweni Nsoko ! NSOKO o Mahamba ! Lismore Nhlangano!(o ! NHLANGANO Dwaleni ! Mhlosheni ! Hluti! ! S S " Lavumisa " 0 0 ' ' 0 0 2 2 ° ° 7 7 2 2 31°0'0"E 31°20'0"E 31°40'0"E 32°0'0"E National Capital Primary road National boundary .! Date Created: 19 - APR -2013 (! Major Town Secondary road First level admin Map Num: SWZ_GLPM_A2P boundary Coord.System/Datum: Geographic/WGS84 GLIDE Num: S W A Z I L A N D !( Intermediate Town Tertiary road River Data Sources: WFP, GLCSC, ESRI, UNGIWG, ! Small Town Track/Trail Geonames General Logistics Planning Map Surface Waterbody ! Village Railway The boundaries and names and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.
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(Government (Gazette
SWAZILAND (GOVERNMENT (GAZETTE VOL. XXX| MBABANE, Friday, October 30th, 1992 CONTENTS OBITUARY.... ADVERTISEMENTS ......... CONTENTS OF SUPPLEMENT PART B - ACTS S21 PART C — LEGAL NOTICES 107. Appointment of Members of the Komati Basin Water Authority (KBWA)......... $25 109. The Central Bank of Swaziland Statement of Assets and Liabilities as at 30th September, 1992...........0.0.0 ccc eee eens $26 110. Appointment of Mankayane Town Board Members Notice, 1992 .... S27 iil. Appointment of Pigg’s Peak Town Board Members Notice, 1992... $28 112. Appointment of Vuvulane Town Board Members Notice, 1992... $29 113. Appointment of Lavumisa Town Board Members Notice, 1992... $30 114. Appointment of Siteki Town Board Members Notice, 1992 ...... $31 115. Appointment of Nhlangano Town Board Members Notice, 1992.. $32 116. Appointment of Hlatikulu Town Board Members Notice, 1992... $33 117. Appointment of Acting Principal Secretary...............00000, $34 118. Appointment of Acting Principal Secretary................ $35 119. Appointment of Acting Principal Secretary. ....... 00.0.0 000005, 836 120. Appointment of Acting Principal Secretary....--...0.......0... $37 121. Appointment of Acting Principal Secretary.........0....000005. $38 122. Appointment of Acting Principal Secretary.....---.-........0.. $39 128. Appointment of Acting Principal Secretary.................20. $40 124. The Umbutfo Swaziland Defence Force (Renumeration) Regulations, 1992....... $41 PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY / 1592 OBITUARY NOTICE The Commissioner of Prisons deeply regrets to announce the untimely death of S/No. 1246 Warder Joel L. Nxumalo who passed away on the 10th October, 1992. S.G.G. NO. 909, FRIDAY, OCTOBER 30, 1992 1593 LIQUOR NOTICE QLIQUOR LICENCES ACT NO. 30 OF 1964 Itis hereby notified for general information that the Liquor Licensing Board will hold its summer meetings to hear the following applications on the dates indicated below:- HHOHHO REGION In the City Council Mbabane on the 12th November, 1992 beginning at 9.00 a.m.
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Swaziland Country Profile 2017
SWAZILAND COUNTRY PROFILE 2017 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. iii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................ iii COUNTRY FACT SHEET .................................................................................................... iv LIST OF ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................... v EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... vii 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ........................................................................ 1 1.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Background ........................................................................................................................... 2 2. OVERVIEW OF SWAZILAND ....................................................................................... 3 3. ECONOMIC OUTLOOK ................................................................................................ 5 3.1 Economy ..................................................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Developments in the Economy ...............................................................................................
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ANNUAL REPORT APRIL 2016 - MARCH 2017 I
UMNTSHOLI WEMASWATI ANNUAL REPORT APRIL 2016 - MARCH 2017 i CENTRAL BANK OF SWAZILAND CENTRAL BANK OF SWAZILANDUMNTSHOLI WEMASWATI 2016/2017 ANNUAL REPORT VISION, MISSION AND VALUES VISION STATEMENT “To be amongst the top five leading Central Banks in the Eastern and Southern African region”. MISSION STATEMENT “We foster financial sector stability conducive to economic development in Swaziland”. MANDATE The Bank seeks to achieve this mission by among other things: � Achieving price stability through sound monetary policy. � Achieving a sound and efficient financial system and financial stability. � Issuing and redeeming currency (notes and coins) for Swaziland. � Holding and managing foreign exchange reserves of Swaziland. � Be the Bank of and advisor to Government. � Facilitating the development and operation of an efficient national payment system. � Being the lender of last resort to financial institutions and facilitate the development of domestic financial markets. � Researching on monetary, financial and economic matters that will support monetary policy formulation. VALUES � PERFORMANCE DRIVEN We are performance driven, delivering timely services beyond expected standards, and maintaining good relations with stakeholders. � ACCOUNTABILITY ii We take ownership of all our actions to respond in a transparent manner. � INTEGRITY Our actions are integrity driven. We are honest, respectful, upright, ethical and consistent in our decision-making. � OPEN COMMUNICATION We believe in open communication in the timely delegation and delivery of our tasks, taking constructive criticism and ideas. CENTRAL BANK OF SWAZILAND 2016/2017 ANNUAL REPORT EXECUTIVE BOARD MEMBERS Mr. Majozi V. Sithole Governor and Chairman Mr Sithole is the Governor of the Central Bank of Swaziland, a position he has held since November 2013.
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40767 7-4 Roadcarrierp
Government Gazette Staatskoerant REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA REPUBLIEK VAN SUID AFRIKA Regulation Gazette No. 10177 Regulasiekoerant April Vol. 622 7 2017 No. 40767 April ISSN 1682-5843 N.B. The Government Printing Works will 40767 not be held responsible for the quality of “Hard Copies” or “Electronic Files” submitted for publication purposes 9 771682 584003 AIDS HELPLINE: 0800-0123-22 Prevention is the cure 2 No. 40767 GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 7 APRIL 2017 IMPORTANT NOTICE: THE GOVERNMENT PRINTING WORKS WILL NOT BE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY ERRORS THAT MIGHT OCCUR DUE TO THE SUBMISSION OF INCOMPLETE / INCORRECT / ILLEGIBLE COPY. NO FUTURE QUERIES WILL BE HANDLED IN CONNECTION WITH THE ABOVE. Contents Page No. Transport, Department of Cross Border Road Transport Agency: Applications for Permits Menlyn .............................................................................................................................................................................3 This gazette is also available free online at www.gpwonline.co.za STAATSKOERANT, 7 APRIL 2017 No. 40767 3 Transport, Department of Cross Border Road Transport Agency: Applications for Permits Menlyn CROSS-BORDER ROAD TRANSPORT AGENCY APPLICATIONS FOR PERMITS Particulars in respect of applications for permits as submitted to the Cross-Border Road Transport Agency, indicating, firstly, the reference number, and then- (i) the name of the applicant and the name of the applicant's representative, if applicable; (ii) the country of departure, destination and, where applicable, transit; (iii) the applicant's postal address or, in the case of a representative applying on behalf of the applicant, the representative's postal address; (iv) the number and type of vehicles, including the carrying capacity of each vehicle; and (v) a full route description Particulars concerning any existing authorization of the applicant must be available for scrutiny at the offices of the Agency.
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Swaziland Protected Areas PRODOC
PROJECT DOCUMENT Kingdom of Swaziland United Nations Development Programme Global Environment Facility Strengthening the National Protected Areas System of Swaziland GEFSEC PROJECT ID: 5065; GEF AGENCY ID: PIMS 4932; AWARD ID: 00081957 Brief Description: Swaziland lies between latitudes 25° and 28° south and 31° and 32° east in the south eastern part of Africa. The country is a landlocked country covering an area of 17,364 km2, with South Africa in the north, west and south, and Mozambique in the east. Although Swaziland is small in size, it has great variation in landscape, geology, climate, ecosystems and species that make up the four physiographic regions. Despite the global significance of its biodiversity, Swaziland’s formal Protected Area (PA) estate is comprised of relatively small and vulnerable PAs, covering only 3.9% of the country and inadequately representing the countries varied ecosystems. There is therefore a need to expand the PA estate, while strengthening PA management competencies. This will in turn require the participation of a broad range of stakeholders, including private landholders, local communities and the tourism industry, to establish new State PA, private and community managed reserves. A landscape approach is needed, to strategically place these different PAs in proximity to one another, and manage land in immediately adjacent areas to reduce threats to biodiversity and improve connectivity between the PA sites. The long term solution is that Swaziland adopts a landscape conservation paradigm that allows a broader range of stakeholders to work together to manage biodiversity more effectively. Under this approach, PAs will be established and managed in critical biodiversity areas as clusters—different sites managed by the State, private landowners and communities in proximity to one another.
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