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S-0900-0006-07-00001

Expanded Number S-0900-0006-07-00001

items-in-lndia/Pakistan/Bangladesh - chronological files - Pakistan

Date Created 23/01/1973

Record Type Archival Item

Container S-0900-0006: India/Pakistan/Bangladesh 1971-1977

Print Name of Person Submit Image Signature of Person Submit A ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION If' Wf JbxAw VU Uf^v //>A FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DotijM il FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER} POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTftfe DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLA'SSER! NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETtOURtlER FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMAT'iSNi

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Date: FROM: DE: , 3"

PAKISTANI MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS,. PAKISTAN HOUSE

B EAST 65TH STREET

NEW YORK. N. Y. 1OO21 P-01-07/73 7 December 1973

The Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations presents his compliments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and has the honour to transmit for his information copies of two Aides Memoire, both of 4 December 1973, which the Government of Pakistan has had conveyed to the governments of India and Bangladesh.

The Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations avails himself of this opportunity to renew to the Secretary-General of the United Nations the assurances of his highest consideration.

~~ S Gv / 4 December 1973 AIDE MEMOIRE Begins; The pace of repatriation of Bengalees and non-Bengalees, during the recent past, has picked up. With the introduction of another Boeing Airliner for repatriations between Lahore and Dacca, the rate of transfer can exceed 1200 persons per day. 2. 52,560 Bengalees, mostly military personnel and ex- civil servants, have already been repatriated to Bangladesh. At the present pace, all Bengalee military personnel and civil servants in Pakistan will leave by December 20. Only about 40,000 Bengalee civil servants in Karachi will be left. Bangladesh has been requested to give clearance for their repatriation on an urgent basis. 3. Over 21,000 non-Bengalees have arrived from Bangladesh. The number of non-Bengalees who arrived between November 22 and December 2 was 5,608. On November 30, December 1 & 2, the respective figures were 821, 621 and 521. 4. Clearances for the transfer of over 40,000 non- Bengalees have been transmitted to Bangladesh. Applications of persons under the hardship category are awaited. Clearances for the transfer of 25,000 under this category would be given without delay on receipt of applications. Thus a large reservoir of persons cleared for transfer would be available to Bangladesh. It is the responsibility of the Government of Bangladesh to make logistic arrangements upto points of exit in its own territory so as to facilitate their movement to Pakistan. 5. Even without increase in the capacity of the airlift, repatriation of Bengalees and non-Bengalees can be concluded by February 1974. 6. Repatriation of Pakistani prisoners of war and civilian internees has been exceedingly slow. Only about 30,000 of them have returned so far. They are being sent to Pakistan by one train on alternate days. In respect of their repatriation, the principle of 'simultaneity', is not being observed. It is feared that at this pace their repatriation would continue beyond April 1974. 7. The Government of India is requested to speed up repatriation of Pakistani prisoners of war and civilian internees so as to ensure that all of them are returned by January or February 1974. Ends. ^ December 1973

AIDE MEMOIRE

Begins; 1. It has been learnt that the Government of Bangladesh has not so far issued clearances for Bangladesh nationals in Pakistan who were not employees of the Government or members of their families. Without these clearances the repatriation will soon come to a halt. 2. The present position is that of the Bangladesh nationals remaining in Pakistan, only about 25,000 are defence and civil services personnel and members of their families. They can all be repatriated by December 20th. 3. Bengalee military personnel in the Northern region are located at distant places. They are being moved to exit points at fastest possible rate already. Their repatriation rate cannot be increased. 4. The UKHCR has chartered an additional plane. This plane cannot be used except for a few days unless Bengalee civilians are also cleared. 5. The Government of Pakistan has granted clearances for 21,000 persons over and above those who have already been received from Bangladesh. More clearances are under issue for applicants in the first three categories. Also clearances will be issued without delay to 25,000 hardship cases as soon as their applications are received. 6. The Government of Bangladesh is requested to grant clearances for its civilian nationals in Pakistan.

Ends. From Anton Prohaska: For the Secretary-General to read on the^ podium. 28 September 1973 AP/gs

NOTE FOR THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

You asked me to verify the information contained in the attached press analysis by Mr. Tlili, regarding the Indian Sub- continent. Sir Robert sent up a memo which explains the situation in paragraph 2 attached. PT.108 (1-66) - A. UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES Referral Sheet Feuille d'observations

DATE:

TO: A: Sir Robert Jackson REFERENCE:

FROM: N. Beredjick DE:

CT: OBJET press Analysis, Monday, 2k September 1973

Indian Sub-Continent

Mr. V. Dayal, representative of the IWHCR, was queried with regard to the statement "The Washington Post, reporting on the repatriation of Pakistani refugees from Bangladesh, echoes the warning made by UU officials that the repatriation operation is threatened by lack of funds, and unless the major powers pledge contributions within ten days it will have to stop". ^ It appears that the UUHCR has consistently taken the position that the airlift operation, which was started on an urgent basis, could only initially be funded from various carry-over funds from other projects, and would grind to a halt very soon unless the major donors not only pledged but made a cash contribution within the immediate future. Thus although the OTHCR New York has no information with regard to the source for the Washington Post, they consider it as a result of the pressure that the UNHCR has been trying to keep on potential donors to come forward with contributions.Sf In this respect, UNHCR regards the reference by the Washington Post as helpful rather than detrimental. The Press Analysis of Monday 2k September, is attached.

Please return with your comments - £ renvoyer avec vos observations \ ALALXSlti MONDAY, 2k SEFTiJLBiW M. Tlili

of the United'rations is an addect crudity for people who are impris- ed and have jeopardized themselves further by petatLoningt/ th^—Chile, the KY Times, citing foreign embas sies, says that there is doubt that the junta would approve the UN proposal that a camp be set up for foreign political refugees under the supervision of the UK and the Interna tional Red Cross. The same sources revealed that the junta has notified foreign embassi that Chilean citizens will be denied passes to leave the country for political asylum. An AP report reprinted by the NY Times quotes US eyewitnesses to the effect that mass executions have taken .place in Chile. MIDDLE EAST -;tAccording to the Sunday V Post, during his visit to Syria the S-G was told by al Assad that his country no longer opposed indirect talks with Israel based on Sec. Counci Res. 2*4-2. During his talks vith the Syrian leader, the S-G is also said to have explore the views of his host on the possibility of a Mideast peace conference with a possible participation for the Palestinians. Reportedly Assad has shown interest in the proposal -x-The S-G's appearance on the ABC TV's'Issues and Answers" is reported by Jewish Telegraphic Agency. -*A W Post enquiry throughout the Arab world arrives at the conclusion that'more an more Arab officials are convinced that justification for some kind of military operation against the oil countries is being built up by the US". INDIAN SUBCONTINENT AP" dispaiTch carried by the KY Times cites newspapers in Pakistan as reporting that the bank accounts of Bengalis ready to be repatriated to Bangladesh have been froze on orders of the Finance Ministry in Islamabad. The ¥ Post, reporting on the repatriati Pakistani refugees from Bangladesh, echoes the warning made by UN officials that the 'epatriation operation is threatened by lack of funds, and unless the major powers pledg :ontributions_within 10 days it will have to stpp.^ CAMBODIA -;:-A KY Times survey asserts that despite all its cruelty and the exhaustion of both sides, the Cambodian war is very likely to go on for years. The -survey points out that the Sihanouk forces have failed in their 1973 monsoon- season campaign on which their hopes of ousting the Lon Nol regime were pinned. "WESTERN EUROPE - US RELATIONS -;--The OS MonTtor^reporEi^ that Kissinger "is less than impressed" by the EEC's Propo sal on Relations with the US, thus making a Nixon trip to Europe very unlikely, A KY Times news analysis speaks of the Atlantic gap' that characterizes the Proposal. The~Ame ican side notably criticized it for its generalities. UNITED NATIONS TriF'j Pf-ctic'i Office of Public Information United ifctlons, II.Y. I (FOR USE OF INFORMATION MEDIA — WOT AN OFFICIAL RIJCORD)

Press Release SG/SM/1888 IHA/193 lU September 1973

AL APPEALS FOP. nrTBXMTIONAL SUPPORT FOR UNITED NATIONS HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE IN SOUTH ASIAN SUBCONTINSiT

Following the conclusion in i-Tew Delhi on 28 August 1973 of an agreement for the solution of humanitarian questions in the Couth Asian subcontinent, the Secretary-general on 31 August received communications from the Governments of Bangladesh and of Pakistan requesting United Nations assistance in carrying out sor.e of the terms of that agreement.

The communication from Bangladesh took the form of a nessage from Prime Minister Sheika Mujibur Rahraan requesting United Nations assistance in connexion with the repatriation of Bengalis in Pakistan. The ccnununication from Pakistan, in the form of a message from Mr. Aziz Ahmed, .Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Defence, requested United Nations assistance in connexion with the repatriation of Pakistanis in Bangladesh.

Shortly after he received these messages and vhile he was still in the Middle Ef=.st, the Secretary-General sent interim replies to the Prime Minister of Bangladesh and the Minister of State of Pakistan indicating his sympathy with their Governments' requests and referring to certain preliminary action he had taken in tnat regard, On 13 September 1973, the Secretary- General issued an appeal to the international community in order to enlist its support to enable the United Nations to carry out the various humanitarian operations involved. The text of this appeal follows:

Te::t in Fnglish

Over the past months, as Governments are aware, the United Nations has been deeply engaged in efforts to relieve aurian suffering in the South Asian subcontinent. In BarT,lc.desh, the United Nations Relief Operation (UNRCB) continues its vital rJ^sion. In Pakistan, assistance was provided, to those displaced "by war. More recently, following an assessment made by the Office of the United nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinr,tor (UKDRO), I have ur^ed the interuaticnjl community and the United Nations systen in particular to spare no effort to help the Government and the people of Fakir-tan repair the massive devastation caused by unprecedented f?_oods. I tahe this opportunity to underline once again the gravity of this situation and the ongoing needs,

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TO GUYER/JACKSON/URQUHART INFO WIWSPEARE/HCR

•'•^ffj*: {" AAA DACCA_.PRE55 REPORTS 14 SEPTEMBER THAT PAR MIH OF STATE •j&s&.."."•' •-"--,,-u• I; FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND DEFENCE, AZIZ AHMED, HAS STATED THAT PAKISTAN

WOULD QUOTE OPPOSE ADMISSION OF BANGLADESH TO UUMN UNTIL PROPOSED -•\3?rfcvS3 .,. .i'sT^WS/ f'~3 WAR CRIMES TRIALS WERE GIVEN UP = P 2 =

AND ALL PAKISTANI POWS REPATRIATED UNQUOTE.

BBS AZIZ AHMED REPORTEDLY REPLYING TO QUESTION FROM NEWSMEN o WHEN RECEIVING FRENCH FOREIGN MINISTER JJOOBBEERRTT AND IS

ALSO REPORTED TO HAVE ADDED THAT CHINA ONCE AGAIN HAD REAFFIRMED C/ ITS POSITION ON PRINCIPLES THAT UUNN RESOLUTIONS MUST BE FULLY ' IMPLEMENTED BEFORE BANGLADESH CAM BE = r

P3/30= ^

ADMITTED TO UUNN.

CCC PRESS ALSO REPORTS 14 SEPTEMBER THAT KARACHI DAILY NEWSPAPERS

ARE QUOTE PLEADING FOR RECOGNITION OF BANGLADESH BY PAKISTAN

AS ESSENTIAL FOR IMPLEMENTATION DELHI ACCORD UNQUOTE +

COL 1227 1154 14 -..r

:c. SecGzn Sir Robert Jackson OUSGSPA Registry

12 September 1973

Excellency, I have the honour to refer to the message addressed to me by the Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Defence of Pakistan, which you kindly transmitted to me on 31 August 1973. Enclosed please find my reply to that message. I should be grateful if you would forward it to the Minister of State at the earliest convenience. I take this opportunity to renew to Your Excellency the assurances of my highest consideration.

Kurt Waldheim

His Excellency Mr. I.A. Akhund Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United nations Pakistan House 8 East 65th Street New York, N.Y. 10021 cc. SecGen Sir Robert Jackson OUSGSPA Registry

12 September 1973

Excellency, I have,, the honour to refer to your message of 51 August 1973 in which you requested United Nations assistance in connexion with the repatriation of Pakistanis in Bangladesh under the terms of the Agreement of 28 August 1975. Shortly after I received your message and while I was still in the Middle East I sent to you, through the Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United nations, an laterim reply indicating ray sympathy with your request and the preliminary action I had taken in this regard. In response to your request, as well aa to a similar request submitted by the Government of Bangladesh in connexion with the repatriation of Bengalis in Pakistan under the Agreement of 28 August, I intend to address on 15 September 1975 an appeal to the international community in order to enlist its support to enable the United Nations to carry out the various humanitarian operations involved. The text of this appeal is attached. I take this opportunity to renew to Your Excellency the assurances of my highest consideration.

Kurt Waldheim His Excellency Mr. Aziz Ahmed Minister of State for Foreign Affairs and Defence Islamabad Pakistan UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES

NEW YORK

CABLE AOOKESS - ADRESSE TELEGR»PHIOUE- UNATIONS NKWYORK

STATEMENT BY THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

Over the past months, as Governments are aware, the United Nations has been deeply engaged in efforts to relieve human suffering in the South Asian sub-continent. In Bangladesh, the United Nations Relief Operation (UNROB) continues its vital mission. In Pakistan, assistance was provided to those displaced by war. More recently, following an assessment made by the Office of the United Nations Disaster Relief Co-ordinator (UNDRO), I have urged the international community and the United Nations system in particular to spare no effort to help the Government and the people of Pakistan repair the massive devastation caused by unprecedented floods. I take this opportunity to underline once again the gravity of this situation and the ongoing needs. Parallel with these efforts, and following a visit that I undertook to the sub-continent early in 1973, the Governments concerned requested the assistance of the United Nations in arranging the return to their respective homes of a limited number of persons. I requested Sadruddin Aga Khan, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, to act as Executing Agent for this operation. I am happy to state that this movement of persons has proceeded well. In the meantime, a historic agreement was reached in Delhi on 28 August 1973, which I have had occasion to welcome. Following upon it, the Governments of Bangladesh and Pakistan have urgently sought the further assistance of the United Nations to facilitate the movement of large numbers of people covered by the Delhi Agreement, who are at present in these two countries. Assistance has also been sought for rehabilitation purposes. UNITED NATIONS M NATIONS UNIES

- 2 -

As regards the transportation of these groups, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees will continue his efforts. It is evident that the swift movement of this great number of persons will require a major mobilization of resources. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees is now engaged, in consultation with the Governments concerned, in elaborating the logistical framework for the movement. He will, very shortly, be in a position to advise Governments of the detailed requirements of this operation. In anticipation of these details, I would urge Governments to consider speedily the manner in which they could help by providing funds or means of transportation. With regard to rehabilitation, I have requested Under- Secretary-General Sir Robert Jackson to examine, in consultation with those concerned, the most effective way in which such assistance can be provided. It is clear that existing United Nations programmes in the area should be used to maximum advantage, and that such assistance be woven into considerable efforts already being made. International assistance concerning repatriation, resettlement, and disaster relief will need to be closely co-ordinated at United Nations Headquarters so that the United Nations system can speak to Governments with one voice. Accordingly, I have also asked Sir Robert Jackson to make the necessary arrangements for co-ordination in agreement with all those concerned. The Delhi Agreement, upon which a structure of durable peace in the sub-continent is being built, is a milestone in the history of the region. Its implementation, however, imposes heavy demands on the resources of the countries concerned, at a time when they have faced natural calamities of exceptionally serious magnitude. In view of this, I appeal to the international community to respond generously and swiftly to this great humanitarian challenge. UNITED NATIONS Press Section Office of Public Information United. Nations, N.Y. (FOR USE OF INFORMATION MEDIA — NOT AN OFFICIAL RECORD)

Press Release SG/SK/1881 h September 1973

TEXT OF MESSAGES l^qM^SECR^rARY--GEN£RAL TO PERMANENT^REPRESENTATIVES OF INDIA AND PAKISTAN CONCERNING NEW DELHI AGREEMENT OF 2.3 AUGUST

Following is the text of identical messages cent by Secretary-General Kurt Waldheifii from Cairo on 1 September to the Permanent Representatives of India and Pakistan to the United Nations. A similar message was transmitted to the Prime Minister of Bangladesh through the Special Representative of tha Secretary-General in Dacca, Francis Lacostec

I should be most grateful if you would communicate to your Government my warmest congratulations on historic agreement reached in New Delhi on 28 August. This achievement is a great encouragement for all those throughout the world who work for peace and better understanding among nations.

•x- c

Text of message addressed to the PerEtanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations front the Secretary-General of the United Nations

"I should bs raoat grateful if you would coEciunicate to your Government try warmest congratulations on historic agreement reached in New Delhi on 2& August. This achievement is a great encouragement for all those throughout the world Tuiho work for peace and better understanding among nations."

Cairo, 1 September 1973 tf »

15 August

^/v^^-

Mr. Prohaska

This was received in Mr. Guyer1 s office today, exactly as it is, with no envelope attached. It was received in a brown messenger envelope which appeared to have come from Registry. . -73

PAKISTAN MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS

PAKISTAN HOUSE

S EAST eSTH STREET

NEW YORK. N. Y. 1OO21

No. P-01-07/73 10 August 1973

Excellency, fl- ^

Last month the acting Permanent Representative called on you to draw your attention to the killing of 3 Pakistani POWs by Indian guards during that month The total number of POWs killed in this manner came at that time to 45. Unfortunately that was not the last of such incidents. This week again 2 POWs have been killed by their guards, in an alleged attempt to stop them from escaping. I enclose for your information a copy of the statement issued by my government on this tragic incident.

Although 47 deaths have been caused among the prisoners in this manner, there is nothing to show that the government of India have ever taken action against the guards in any manner or any steps to enforce discipline among them. One can only conclude that their government's Inaction has encouraged the guards of the prison camps to use force in a most wanton and unwarranted manner. It is the hope of my government that civilised opinion will prevail upon the Indian government to treat the POWs humanely,

* » • £_ / ™ - 2 —

even while they remain in illegal detention. My government would appreciate in particular any effort that Your Excellency could make towards this objective.

Please accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.

JL (Iqbal Akhund) Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations

His Excellency Mr. Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General of the United Nations, United Nations Headquarters, New York. PAKISTAN MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS NEW YORK

PRESS RELEASE NO. 61/73

TWO MORE PAKISTANI POWs KILLED BY INDIAN SENTRIES

PAKISTAN APPEALS TO WORLD CONSCIENCE

Islamabad, August 7: Pakistan has appealed to the world conscience to raise itte voice against the inhumanity of the Indian Government towards Pakistani prisoners of war. Following is the text of the statement: "The Government of Pakistan must express its profound grief and horror at the reported killings of two more Pakistani prisoners of war by Indian sentries. The death toll in these incidents has risen to at least 47. "The repeated requests to the Government of India to restrain Indian sentries from such wanton killing of defenceless prisoners of war, have evoked no response. Every time the pretext is advanced that prisoners were shot because they were attempting to escape. This explanation is both unacceptable and inadmissible under the Third Geneva Convention. Article 42 of the Convention declares that the use of weapons against unarmed prisoners of war is an extreme measure, which can be resorted to only when there Is no alternative provided it is preceded by repeated warnings and even then sentries are required to aim low so as to avoid inflict- ing fatal injury. - 2 -

"Assured of impunity and indeed encouraged by the indiffer- ence of their Government, the Indian sentries have continued to shot and kill helpless prisoners. "Protests to the Government of India have had no effect. No purpose would be served by repeating them. But the Government and people of Pakistan cannot remain silent. They appeal to the world conscience to raise its voice against the inhumanity of the Indian Government towards Pakistani prisoners of war."

#### Meeting between Permanent Representative of Pakistan and Mr. Brian E. Urquhart

Ambassador Akhund visited me on the morning of 3 August. He confirmed the substance of Pakistan's position after suspension of the Islamabad talks as stated in the Pakistani aide-memoire cabled by the High Commissioner for Refugees in HCR 2259 of 1 August 1973. We also discussed the proposal of the Secretary-General of the International Commission of Jurists concerning an international tribunal for war crimes trials in Bangladesh. Ambassador Akhund expressed a very negative position on this proposal on the grounds (a) that no tribunal can be accepted by Pakistan other than a Pakistani tribunal meeting in Pakistan; and (b) that in any case it was the hope of Pakistan and India that it would be possible to delink political issues from humanitarian issues to get agreement to repatriation of Bangalis and Pakistani POW, with the exception of 195 POW and equivalent number of Bengalis and to keep war crimes trials in abeyance until atmosphere was significantly improved by other repatriations. At this time it was hoped that it would be possible to negotiate a solution of this and other questions.

3 August 1973 Note on telephone call from High Commissioner for Refugees to the Secretary-General on 23 July 1973

The High Commissioner for Refugees reported on conversations with President Bhutto, who had been his house guest. President Bhutto had stated that if the trials of the 195 Pakistani military personnel were to take place there could "be no question of Pakistan recognizing Bangladesh. The President could never be a party to the trials. One of the guests at dinner, Mir. Macdermott of the International Commission of Jurists, suggested that Sheik Mujibur Rahman should be persuaded to agree to refer the war crimes trials to the International Court of Justice as a face-saving device. The Secretary-General told the High Commissioner that he thought it would be best for the moment to defer any action until the results of the bilateral meetings in Islamabad were known. If no result emerged from that meeting it might be wise to ask Mr. Lacoste to make some soundings on the matter. . " f •> "ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION TOs . ?/, '/ At '/rl* */!ii/£.i^ FOR ACTION V POUR SUITE A DONNER FO^^PROVAL POUR APPROBATION .. FOlBfc NATURE POUR SIGNATURE PREPARE DRAFT PROJET A REDIGER FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS MAY WE CONFER? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER? YOUR ATTENTION l^ VOTRE ATTENTION AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE NOTE AND FILE NOTER ET CLASSER NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER FOR INFORMATION POUR LNFORMATION

//-i Date: FROM: DE:

CR. 13 (11-64) CONFIDENTIAL 17 July 1973

NOTE FOR THE RECORD

In a meeting with Mr. Guyer on 17 July, Mr. Hayat Mehdi, Charge" d'Affaires of Pakistan, raised the following two questions: Trial of Pakistani POWs Mr. Mehdi indicated that according to certain press reports the Bangladesh Parliament had adopted legislation for the holding of trials of Pakistani POWs on war crimes charges. If those trials were held, Pakistan would never recognize Bangladesh. The Pakistan Government would be grateful if the Secretary-General could use his good offices, first to persuade India not to transfer to *"~/ Bangladesh the POWs to be tried, and secondly to persuade Bangladesh not to go ahead with the trials. Repatriation of Pakistanis detained in Bangladesh Mr. Mehdi stated that following the return of ^52 Bengalis arranged with UN assistance, President Bhutto had agreed to the repatriation of 5,000 more Bengalis. Without insisting on reciprocity, Pakistan koped that as a separate move, a repatriation of Pakistanis of West Pakistan origin could be arranged. In this connexion, he indicated that UNHCR had recently transmitted to the Pakistan Government 300 applications received from Bangladesh authorities. However, those applications contained only the names, ages and addresses of the applicants and were not suitable for proper verification regarding their origin. The Pakistan Government suggested that the forms used by UNHCR for the repatriation of Bengalis, or at least the same contents, should be used for the repatriation of Pakistanis. Mr. Mehdi requested that this be brought to the attention of the Bangladesh Government. Break-up of Pakisjb_a_njl__ar_med___fo r c e s and ci_vil_ia_ns__r;e_Te_as^d__bY__I_nd_ia__(_in _agre_eme_nt wi_th__B_ang;l_ac|eshg whenever necessa_ry_) _-**" (as on 12 July 1973)

(1) POWs (491) and civilian internees (51) from Western Sector: 542

(2) Civilians taken into protective custody in Western Sector: 585

(3) Merchant seamen (103) and passengers (154) captured during the conflict from merchant vessels on the high seas: 257

(4) Civilians from eastern sector repatriated on the occasion of Id (Muslim Festival) : 184

(5) POWs (1053) and civilians (155) repatriated from among persons taken into custody in the Eastern Sector on medical grounds: 1208

(6) Repatriated on special compassionate ground (not medical):

Total repatriated up to 12 July «73 2elll Confidential

Note for the record 13 July 1973 GH/ib

In the course of the meeting with the Secretary-General, on 13 July 1973, the Charge d'Affaires of Pakistan mentioned inter-alia that only these days, three Pakistani Prisoners of War were shot to death by Indian soldiers when attempting to escape from a camp.

The Pakistan Government felt that such measures would have serious consequences for the general climate of the forthcoming top-level meeting between India and Pakistan.

The Secretary-General has drawn the attention of Ambassador Sen to these facts. :i«TAN MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS

PAKISTAN HOUSE

S EAST eSTH STREET

NEW YORK. N. Y. 1OO21 No.P-01-38/73 9 July 1973

Excellency, During your Excellency's absence from New York I had the occasion to call on Mr. Roberto Guyer, on July 6, and to outline the steps being taken by the President of Pakistan, in an effort to break the stalemate on the sub- continent, to seek from the National Assembly an enabling resolution on the recognition of Bangladesh at an appropriate time. As I explained to Mr. Guyer, among other things, the President was seeking the opinion of the Supreme Court as to whether the National Assembly could, under the interim constitution, adopt a resolution expressing the opinion that the Government might accord formal recognition to Bangladesh at a time when in the judgement of the Government, such recognition would be in the best interest of the country and would promote fraternal relations between the two countries. The Supreme Court has held that there could be no legal objection to the proposed resolution. It has also observed that a resolution being nothing more than the mere expression of the will of the Legislature and therefore having no legal repercussion will not be in violation of any provision in the constitution. cc L? Following the opinion of the Supreme Court, the u.

• • • • f - 2 -

President of Pakistan is addressing-the National Assembly on this subject today. In this connection, I would like to enclose, for your Excellency's information, the text of the draft resolution to be considered by the Assembly.

Please accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.

( Hay^lt Mehdi ) Acting Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations.

His Excellency Mr. Kurt Waldheim, Secretary General of the United Nations, United Nations Headquarters, New York New York u U INY 49 DTO • f v PARERUN NEW YORK >

FOR ALL STATIONS :::::: DRAFT RESOULTION TO BE MOVED IN THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ON MONDAY 9JULY,73::: *g

U THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY, BELIEVING THAT THE SPIRIT OF MUSLIM BROTHERHOOD SHOULD GOVERN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE PEOPLE OF

PAKISTAN AND THOSE OF THE AREA WHICH NOW CALLS ITSELF BANGLADESH,w SffjJj fi "' ACCLAIMS ALL EFFORTS DIRECTED TOWARDS THE HEALING OF THE WOUNDS |) ' SUFFERED BY BOTH COMMUNITIES IN THE TRAGIC EVENTS OF 1971. § cr THE ASSEMBLY IS CONFIDENT THAT MUTUAL FORGIVENESS AND ^ UNDERSTANDING WILL EVENTUALLY PREVAIL OVER THE RANCOUR AND HATE | WHICH DEMOCRATIC AND PROGRESSIVE ELEMENTS IN BOTH COMMUNITIES I. S : EQUALLY DEPLORE . ^ ga 2. IN THIS CONTEXT ,THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY ENDORSES THE g STAND TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT WITH RESPECT TO THE IMMEDIATE § ISSUES WHICH NEED TO BE RESOLVED FOR THE NORMALISATION OF THE - ^ SITUATION IN THE SUBCONTINENT . THE ASSEMBLY IS CONVINCED 3 i THAT A PRE-REQUISITE OF SUCH NORMATALISATION IS THE FULL i |: IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROVISIONS OF SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTION 8"g= , ' 307 AND GENEVA CONVENTION FO 1949 AND THE RELEASE AND W REPATRATION OF THE PRISONERS OF WAR AND CIVILIAN INTERNEES WITH OUT ANY FUfipER DELAY. M ' ^ tV*"q I 3. V THE ASSEMBLY STRONGLY SUPPORTS THE GOVERNMENT,S POSITION P 3 ggj i ON THE ISSUE OF THE HOLDING OF TRIALS OF SOME AMONG THE PRISONERS Q I OF WAR AND CIVILIAN INTERNEES ON ALLEGED CRIMINAL CHARGES AND . SL 5 O ! URGES ALL CONCERNED TO RESPOND TO THE NEEDS OF RECONCILLATION i ! I J BY REFRAINING FROM HOLDING ANY SUCH TRIALS WHICH WOULD CAUSE § A GRQVE SETBACK TO THE EFFORTS BEING MADETOWARDS LASTING PEACE S-i. UN THE SUBCONTINENT . w 4. IN ACCORDANCE WITH THESE PRINCIPLES THE ASSEMBLY IS OF THE OPIONION THAT THE GOVERNMENT OF MAY ACCORD FORMAL REC- OGNITION TO BANGLADES H AND INITIATE SUCH CONSTITUTIONAL Q MEASURES AS MAY BE NECESSARY THEREFOR AT A TIME WHEN IN THE Q ———-™~™~~-~™- O JUDGMENT OF THE GOVERNMENT, SUCH RECOGNITION IS IN THE BEST £[

NATIO'NAL INTEREST OF PAKISTAN AND WILL PROMOTE A FRATERNAL o RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE TWO COMMUNITIES.... I a

6 July 1975

CONFIDENTIAL

Note for the record \l

At a meeting on 6 July 19753 Mr. Hayat Mehdi, of Pakistan, informed Mr. Guyer that President Bhutto intended to ask the Assembly to pass a resolution enabling him to recognize Bangladesh if the necessary conditions were met. Before doing so , President Bhutto had brought the matter before the Supreme Court to ascertain that such an enabling resolution would not be ultra-vires. If a positive decision were rendered by the Supreme Court, the President would request the Assembly to pass the enabling resolution before its adjournment on 10 July. sqggSsgS?* Mr. Guyer undertook to bring this matter to the Secretary-General's attention. PAKISTAN MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS NEW YORK

PRESS RELEASE NO. 55/73

PAKISTAN'S POLICY TOWARDS BANGLADESH AND INDIA

PRESIDENT Z.A. BHUTTO'S ADDRESS TO THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY

Islamabad, July 9, 1973: Following Is the text of the President, Mr. Zulfikar All Bhutto's address to the National "Assembly on Pakistan's relations with Bangladesh and lasting peace in the subcontinent. "I have come to address the National Assembly today on the question of a durable peace on the subcontinent without which no progress towards our national objective, economic, social or political, is possible. This is a subject which transcends all internal controversies and is close to the heart of every patriotic citizen. The Assembly will recall that, after the upheaval of 1971, the Government was confronted with a question of the utmost urgency and polgnance. What do we do next? There were two paths open-to us: We could either parade our wounds, wallow in morbidity and dream of revanchist policies, which would prove utterly futile, or, as a spirited and healthy people, we could attend to our -2- reconstruction, establish normal relations with our neigh- bours, break our isolation from those who were our compatriots and so strengthen ourselves, politically, socially and economically, that even though we were reduced in size and number, we would emerge as a more cohesive nation, less sub- ject to internal strains, less vulnerable to foreign aggression and more confident of our future, with the overwhelming support of the people;, the Government chose the sensible course, it was this attitude, an attitude of realism untainted by despair or any sense of inferiority, that prompted the many initiatives towards peace taken by the people's Government. "Soon after coming into office we released Mr. Mujibur Rahman unconditionally. To put it mildly, I have not regretted that decision for a moment. Then we repeatedly expressed our goodwill towards Muslim Bengal. We offered to return some 30,000 Bengali personnel in the Pakistan Army and about 17,000 Bengali civil servants of different categories to assist Mr. Muj.ibur Rahman in strengthening his administration. When there was food scarcity among those who were torn apart from us, vie made an offer of a gift of 100,000 tons of rice. These offers were not accepted. -Were they, therefore, unwise? "It is only the small-minded, the people who are torn by Insecurity and by an inferiority complex, the people who look only at the immediate results and do not understand the slow-moving forces in international life, who will think so. We made the offers not with a desire to cajole but in expression of a stable and well-considered attitude. - 3 - DURABLE PEACE "To India we made it clear that we were prepared for a normalization of relations as between equals and that durable peace could be established on the basis of non- interference and a just and honourable settlement of all differences and disputes. This led. to Simla, It was the starting point towards durable peace in the subcontinent. At the same time, I could not but express the fear that the goal could prove elusive and the peace that would prevail would be not just and honourable but illusionary & iniquitous. Even worse, there could occur a perversion of the progress with the result that tensions would persist which had marred relations between Pakistan and India. "We left Simla in a state of hope not unmixed with apprehension. The apprehension existed because of our experience of a quarter century. It is not agreements which matter so much as the will and the attitude behind them. Peace is unattainable without mutual goodwill. Moreover. the search for peace requires a tempo -- a momentum, a regard for timing just as much as war requires speed and surprise. Again, the first essential in the normalization of relations is a constancy of communication between the two sides. If these essentials are lacking, an agreement can easily be eroded and its results prove evanescent. It was with this realization that, since the conclusion of the Simla Agreement, we on our part tried our utmost to maintain the momentum in a step by step approach to the normalization of relations. MOST IMPORTANT ISSUE

"The negotiations over the withdrawal of forces were unfortunately protracted and difficulties arose which slowed progress disturbingly. However, when the troop withdrawals were eventually completed, I conveyed to the Prime Minister of

India that the most important issue facing us in the subconti- nent was the one relating to the Pakistani prisoners of war. It was obvious that this was the biggest obstacle to the normalization of the situation in the subcontinent. "Some months elapsed. Then on 17 April, a statement was issued in Delhi. As we stated in our response on April 20, it had many implications which required clarification. The basic truth is that the problems to which the statement addressed itself cannot be resolved by dogmatic assertion, legal quibbling or so-called package deals involving issues. One of which is qualitatively different from another. They require good sense and a humane approach. Regrettably, the statement issued in Delhi conveyed a take it or leave it attitude which could not be conducive to the promotion of peace. There were several major difficulties inherent in the terms of Delhi statement. It required Pakistan to agree to the trials by the Dacca authoriites of some among the prisoners of war on criminal charges. This was a condition we could not possibly accept. Let me stress that it is not only a question of legal competence. The issue impinges on a nation's sover- eignty which Pakistan will under no circumstances be prepared to compromise. Furthermore, the question involved is whether the parties wish to prolong rancour or to work towards reconciliation. How can anyone deny that enormous wrongs were committed on all sides in the tragic conflict of 1971? Were we to embark on their examination in a revanehlst spirit. Bitterness would sweep the whole area and wounds WGUJ :; be reopened which we want to heal. I have said plainly thatj if these trials are held in Dacca, .an irreparable damage will be caused to the fabric of peace rrhich, no one can deny, is still fragile. "Then again, the Delhi statement asked us to agree, in advance of any discussion to accept a blanket exchange of population. How could we do so? ' Of course no one can be more sensitive to the human plight of what are called in the statement "Pakistanis in Bangladesh1' than v/e. But it is only fair that the concrete human implications of a possible solu- tion must-be squarely faced before it is proposed. It would be sheer callousness to approach a matter of this kind unrealistically. Nor must the issue of moral responsibility involve-! in it be considered in stereotyped terms. Who are the "Pakistanis in Bangladesh"? On what ground can they b.s considered to comprise only the non Bengalis? Whar was ths kind of position they were supposedly given? How can the Dacca authorities release themselve:.. from the obligation of respecting the human rights of all the people who had made East Pakistan their home a year before the establishment of Pakistan? How can they ignore the universal declaration of legal and moral claims of people on racial or ethnic groundsV -6- I am posing these questions not to score points in argument but to underline the fact that this is a matter which requires careful examination in a humane spirit. I would not foreclose any workable solution. But no solution will be workable if it does not take into account the physical, economic and social consequences for the life and future of the human beings involved. The human beings involved are not only the members of unfortunate minority but also those among whom they are suggested to be resettled. I cannot agree to a simplistic and sloganized approach which, instead of ending the misery of the people concerned, will only aggravate it.

REPATRIATION OF BENGALIS "I see no problem whatsoever in the repatriation of the Bengalis in Pakistan. We do not want them to suffer. They are our brethren and we want them to resume their normal lives. It has yielded us no happiness that we were forced to restrict their freedom of movement until the day that their repatriation could take place in an orderly manner. It is only due to the attitude of the authorities in Dacca that that day has not already arrived. "All these matters have been clear for quite some time. Our response to the statement issued in Delhi suggested a further dialogue between Pakistan and India. It is essential that such dialogue should not be unfruitful. It is of the utmost importance for peace in the subcontinent that a dead- lock should not be allowed to harden. RECOGNITION "To achieve this objective, it is necessary that, on our part, there must prevail a clarity on our attitude towards Muslim Bengal. The issue has excited strong emotions among our people. This is understandable. After all, East Pakistan was an integral part of Pakistan. It cannot but be a painful decision for anyone in Pakistan to accept it as a separate entity. But many a nation has emerged stronger after painful decisions of this kind. History is replete with relevant examples. We must on no account give the impression that we are so obsessed with the past as to be divorced from realities. We cannot interfere in the affairs of those who constituted the majority of Pakistan, far less to try to impose our will on them. Whatever be the strength of trends in Bangladesh for a fraternal relationship with us, these would be retarded rather than accelerated if we showed that we suffer from a mental block. We must show that we are prepared to accept the changed realities of December 1971s whenever it is in our best national interest. It is, there- fore, for the National Assembly to arm the Government with the authority to accord de jure recognition to Bangladesh at a time which the Government may consider appropriate. I repeat the words: at a time which the Government may consider appro- priate. It is obvious that with our prisoners of war in captivity and with the talk of bringing some of them to trial in Dacca or anywhere outside Pakistan, the time is not appro- priate. But we, on our part, are prepared to make an effort towards unfreezing the present situation. We are prepared to cooperate in arrangements for the repatriation of all the -8- Bengalis who wish to leave Pakistan , enter into discussions regarding the international effort to alleviate the plight of the minorities in Bangladesh and extend recognition to Bangal- desh. But the prerequisite to the re-establishrv..nt of normal relations is the repatriation of the prisoners of war. More- over, it is otrvious that no discussion regarding the Biharis living in Bangladesh can be fruitful under the stress of the threat of their being penalized or arbitrarily expelled. "This initiative on our part does not require the other party or parties to do anything more than comply with what are inescapable obligations under law an'! morality. To release all our prisoners of war now would be but to fulfill albeit tardily, the Geneva Conventions and the jointly accepted resolution 30? of the Security Council, respect to the princi- ples of International Law and to give priority to the fut-.re over the past. To abandon vendettas against ethnic minorities would be. but to evince some regard for basic human rights . The same cannot be said of the recognition of Bangladesh. "It is a State's sovereign choice to extend or withold recognition to another state. It is not an obliga- tion. Yet we are showing our preparedness to exercise this choice positively because of the compelling necessity of c. durable peace. Peace cannot be established by passivity. Peace requires a dynamism. Indeed, it is hard to make peace, easy to make war. Were we to adopt an attitude of waiting, not only will much time pass but frictions will continue to mount, distrust and suspicion will multiply and the gulf dividing the parties will become more and more unbrl••'•gable( Who can benefit by such stalemates.? • Who profits- from such sterility? Every day the truth is or should be borne home that tensions in the subcontinent doom Its peoples to Inse- curity and despair. We have made a commitment to the elimina- tion of the sources of conflict. We intend to do our utmost to fulfill this commitment. But the peace that we seek can- not be ushered in ty any evasion of realities. As far as Bangladesh is concerned the primary reality for us is the existance of a large Muslim national community which combined with us under a single sovereignty but has established its own statehood now. The relationship between Pakistan and Bangladesh cannot but be governed by the spirit of mutual forgiveness and understanding which is of the essence of Islamic traditions. It is this spirit which will prevail over ' the rancour and hate which was engendered by reactionary forces and which democratic and progressive elements in both communities equally deplore. Such a development cannot even be initiated unless some contact is established between the two comr.unities. "Ordinarily, a matter of this kind falls exclusively / in the sphere of responsibility of the executive in a Govern- ment. Treaties relating to war and peace, the cessation of territory or alliances with foreign powers are concluded by Governments without parliamentary sanction. In the extra- ordinary circumstances of this case, however, my Government _has thought it necessary, indeed essential, to obtain the approval of, and authority from, the National Assembly through a resolution wr.r'.r.h will exprs-c i'-,s c-•-.:':' ~.r'.-?d opinion. 10

The house is aware of the reference which is made for the advisory opinion of the Supreme Court about the validity of such a reso- lution. I am glad that the opinion rendered by the court has removed any possibility of confusion being created on this issue. Some people might say that we need not have exhibited such an attitude of abundant caution. But my Government has been the product of a democratic struggle and no cause is dearer to it than that of nurturing respect for the rule of law and attachment to the processes of democracy in the country. It was, therefore axiomatic that my Government would seek the highest judicial opinion in the country on this issue as well', as the endorsement of its actions and policies by the sovereign people of Pakistan through their democratically elected repre- sentatives in the National Assembly. "Though a year has passed since the Simla Agreement was concluded, I do not think it is too late to proceed towards its Implementation. Indeed, the year has not been barren of results. In addition to our economic and political recovery, to our regaining a sense of identify and to our consolidating our integrity, at least one thing has been established. It is that no political advantage can be extracted from Pakistan under duress. It is, or should be understood now beyond any doubt that we will not agree to any humiliating terms, any conditions that militate against our principles, under any pressures what- soever. It is, or should be, manifest now that there is no question of our accepting India's dominance in South Asia. 11

It isa or should bej recognized now by all concerned that Pakistan is not consituted to play a subservient role. In the long run, this will prove to have been a gain for peace. For this result, I owe gratitude to the people of Pakistan who have stood with their Government and demonstrated that hardship and suffering will not make them agree to a dishonourable peace. The nation in turn, owes its gratitude to the prisoners of war and their families who have shown unexampled fortitude in adver- sity. They have shown that they consider no sacrifice too gre£t for the nation's honour.

Peace Essential "I am sure that the people will extend the same support to their Government in its search for a fair, honourable and lasting peace in the subcontinent. Such peace is essential if this large segment of the human community is to be rescued from futility and put firmly on the path of social and economic advance. This is a truth which will appeal most to the poor and the downtrodden who are the majority in the country. It should also appeal particularly to the youth of Pakistan who cannot but be sensitive to our social and economic conditions and be impatient for progress. They have not known the plenitude of progress which only real peace can ensure. They have witnessed no breakthrough in their country's tortured relations with its larger neighbour, India. We of the older generation owe them at least the promise of a brighter future. It is true that it has not been Pakistan's fault if real peace has never prevailed - 12 -

over the subcontinent. Pakistan has had to struggle for its existence and its rights. But Governments ruled this country which were not anguished by this state of affairs. On the contrary, they represented vested intc-rast-3 which sought to exploit a situation of neither war nor peace in the interest of their own class. The people's Government, which I am privileged

to leads cannot do so., and will not, perpetrate a gross injustice on the vast majority of the country by offering them illusions or by perpetuating conditions which throttle our economic and social advance. It cannot, and will not,, exploit the sacred name of Islam nor appeal to the most cherislied; patriotic, sensi- bilities in order to advance the interest, and perpetuate the power, of a limited class. Such hypocrisy is the deadliest sin in its eth&g. The people's Government is determined to do what if can to bring about a healthier situation in the subcon- tinent without abdicating the rights and interest of Pakistan.

Reconciliation "It is my hope that both India and Bangladesh will reciprocate this spirit of ours. If they do, they will respond to the call of the contemporary age. It is an age of detente and reconciliation, not of belligerency and strife. It is an age when the new generation all over the world had rejected the philosophies of hate. Those who fought each other at Stalingrad are now engaged in dialogues of peace. Those who considered each other's ideology anathema are now resolved to pursue the paths of peaceful coexistence and mutual non-inter-

ference. Surely3 what divides India and Pakistan is not -13- something more than what divided the Soviet Union and Germany Or the United States and the Soviet Union or China and the United States. Surely, an antagonism between Pakistan and India is not inherent in their very existence. I say to my people as I would say to the People of India: Do not be sworn to eternal hostility against each other, if you do, only your common enemy3 which is squalor and poverty, will triumph. It is time for the peoples of the subcontinent to mount a challenge and give battle to that real foe."

#### fy

28 June 1973

My dear Secretary-General,

When I called on you a week ago, I mentioned to you that a further exchange of letters had taken place between our Minister of State for Defence and Foreign Affairs and the Indian Foreign Minister. I enclose copies of the two letters for your information. Mr. Aziz Ahmed's letter of 23rd June 1973 proposes that talks between the two governments should begin at Karachi on July 9, 1973. We are awaiting India's reply to this suggestion and hope it will be positive.

Yours sincerely,

(Iqbal Akhund)

His Excellency Mr. Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General of the United Nations, United Nations Headquarters, Hew York.

CC •. > Text of letter dated llth June, 1973, from Sardar Swaran Singh to Mr. Aziz Ahmed

Your letter of l6th May, 1973> has been with us for some time. Our reply has unfortunately been delayed. This is partly due to the contradictory positions which your Government has conveyed to us in the course of the last month on the Joint India-Bangladesh Declaration of April 17. When your letter of l6th May reached us we appreciated your clarifying ... that the issues which faced us were "basically humanitarian" and that your Government was ready "to approach the question of repatriation of prisoners of war and that of Bangalees and of Pakistani nationals stranded in Pakistan and Bangladesh respectively from a purely humanitarian angle". You had further stated that your invitation to our representa- tive to discuss these issues did not imply that our represen- tative would discuss the POW question only. 2. A few days earlier, we had received your Government's Aide Memoire dated llth May officially communicated through Swiss diplomatic channels. This Aide Memoire was to say the least not only offensive in tone but reveals a negative attitude towards the solution contained in paragraph 5 of the India-Bangladesh Declaration. For instance, it is alleged that "the so-called Joint Command was a myth and Bangladesh has no locus standi in regard to the Pakistan POWs held in India and she has no right to try them". Then again it is stated "India cannot claim any say in the matter of repatriation of Bangalees from Pakistan or of Pakistanis from Bangladesh. The questions are of Pakistan-Bangladesh - 2 -

concern and Pakistan has been ready to enter into discussions •with Dacca authorities on these questions". 3. While we were naturally surprised on being confronted with these categoric assertions in the note of llth May, we were willing to consider the possibility that your letter of l6th May, and the assurance contained therein on specific issues, perhaps superseded the contents of the Aide Memoire of llth May. However, our hopes were totally belied when we received your second Aide Memoire dated 25th May which your Government chose to hand over to the Swiss Foreign Minister in Berne for transmission to us. In the circumstances, we can hardly be blamed for taking note of the contents of this Aide Memoire which was issued later than your letter of l6th May* What are we to make of this official communication which blatantly accuses us of rejecting Pakistan Government's invitation to send our representative to Pakistan for dis- cussion? You would agree that this observation completely ignores my letter of 8th May to you in which we had suggested a certain basis for making the talks purposeful and fruitful. Then again a totally unfounded charge is made against us that in our reply further negotiations on the question of the repatriation of Pakistani P0¥s have been made conditional on Pakistan's prior acceptance of certain "Indian demands". I need hardly emphasise that the India-Bangladesh Declaration makes no demands. It only suggests a practical and equitable solution for resolving all the humanitarian issues arising out of the 1971 conflict simultaneously. We sincerely believe that under existing circumstances when there are unresolved - 3 - political issues, and Bangladesh is not recognised by Pakistan, this is the only way in which these humanitarian issues can be resolved simultaneously. 4. In this context we are greatly surprised to note Pakistan's observation in the Aide Memoire dated llth May that India cannot claim any say in the matter of repatriation of Bangalees from Pakistan or of Pakistanis from Bangladesh. Pakistan is no doubt aware of the stand of the Bangladesh Government that they will not enter into talks with Pakistan except on the basis of sovereign equality. The Joint India- Bangladesh Declaration, however, does provide a framework for a solution of all humanitarian issues arising out of the 1971 conflict without prejudice to the respective positions of the parties concerned. Consequently, if our representatives are to discuss the resolution of these humanitarian issues, the Joint India-Bangladesh Declaration provides the basis. 5. You will no doubt agree that in order to create conditions for a fruitful meeting of the representatives of India and Pakistan, the shadow cast by the two Aide Memoires should be removed and the Government of Pakistan should clarify whether it is prepared to discuss the simultaneous repatriation of Pakistani POWs and civilian internees, the Bangalees and the Pakistanis. On our part, I reaffirm our readiness to hold talks on this basis with the representatives of the Government of Pakistan. - 4 -

Text of the Minister of State for Defence and Foreign Affairs' letter (dated 23 June 1973) to the Indian Minister for External Affairs

I am in receipt of your letter of June 11, in reply to my letter to you of May 16. At the outset I should like to reiterate, what I had stated in my letter of May 16, that we have been ready at all times — and, indeed, still are — to approach the question of repatriation of Prisoners of War and that of Bengalis and Pakistan nationals stranded in Pakistan and Bangladesh respectively from a purely humanitarian angle. The two Aide Memoires, dated 11 May and 25 May, to which you refer, were not meant for transmission to the Government of India. Apparently they were transmitted to your Government through some misunderstanding and I am still trying to find out who was responsible. I trust that this explanation would remove "the shadows" to which you have referred in the concluding paragraph of your letter. My letter of 16 May clearly implied that we would be prepared to discuss not only the question of the repatriation of Pakistani prisoners of war and civilian internees but also the other issues mentioned in your statement of April 17, 1973. This still remains our position. We suggest that, subject to the convenience of your Government, the talks may start on this basis between the representatives of the Governments of India and Pakistan in Karachi on July 9th. CONFIDENTIAL

Meeting between the Ambassador of Pakistan £ii.l the Secretary-General on 22 Juno 19T3

Present: Ambassador Akhund, Pakistan

Secretary-General Roberto E. Guyer

The Pakistan Ambassador said that he had requested the meeting to advise the Secretary-General that his Government had communicated to New Delhi that they were willing to hold conversations on the "package deal". When asked if they-accepted the "package deal" as the Indians had requested, he replied in the negative saying that they vere willing to speak on the "package deal".

As the principal reason for his visit, Ambassador Akhund stated that President Bhutto would ask Parliament to empower him to recognize Bangladesh. Until then, he had the backing of the majority parties to ruake that request whenever he thought it convenient. But now he would receive, officially and legally., that authorization and this should be another proof to Bangladesh that he intended to reach an agreement. The authorities in Islamabad wanted the Secretary-General to be informed of this gesture immediately.

The Ambassador then asked whether there was any nevs on the limited interchange and, after some general remarks, the Secretary-General said that the Bangladesh government was very worried that Pakistan was only sending back destitute Bengalis. Ambassador Akhund replied that Bangladesh could not expect that Pakistan would send the top Bengalis when they are retaining their top military people and are going to put 195 of them on trial. That was never the intention of the limited exchange. The Secretary-General said that nevertheless it would be a gesture if a small number of the upper categories could be included in the interchange.

The Secretary-General then said that to further the humanitarian exchange of prisoners he vas contemplating to use Ambassador Lacoste in a more intense manner since UilROB was being phased out; that Prince Sadruddin's activities were extremely valuable, but his other tasks prevented him fror.i shuttling between Dacca, Delhi and Islamabad; that Ambassador Lacoste could travel from one city to the other and clarify a series of questions. The Secretary-General stressed several times that this was not an official proposal but simply a comment. Ambassador Akhund replied that he could not give an answer without consulting first with his Government^ but that he could not foresee any objections from Islamabad. Ke had a high regard for Ambassador Lacor.te and Pakistan had the best of relations with France.

Some comments were also made with reference to President Bhutto's visit to the U.N, on July 20. Ambassador Akhund stressed that the question was still being kept reserved. -?:2? HA^S F~F IJWR08 DACCA SI 15

STAT

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1 June 1973

Dear Mr. Ambassador,

On "behalf of the Secretary-General, I acknowledge receipt of your letter of 29 May 1973 enclosing a copy of a letter dated 8 May 1973 from Mr. Sardar Swaran Singh, Indian Minister for External Affairs, addressed ix> Mr. Aziz Ahmed, Pakistan Minister of State for Defence and Foreign Affairs, as well as the text of Mr. Ahmed's reply of 16 May 1973.

I remain, dear Mr. Ambassador, Yours sincerely,

Roberto I. Guyer Under-Secretary-General for Special Political Affairs

His Excellency Mr. I.A. Akhund Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations Pakistan House 8 2aat 65th Street Hew York, II.Y, 10021 P-01-07/73

29 May 1973

My dear Secretary-General,

I enclose for your information

copies of a letter dated 8th May, 1973,

addressed by the Indian Minister for

External Affairs to the Pakistan Minister

of State for Defence and Foreign Affairs

and of the latter's reply dated l6th

May, 1973.

Yours sincerely,

(Iqbal Akhund)

His Excellency Mr. Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General of the United Nations, United Nations Headquarters, New York.

Gc ; TEXT OF IM'T.iR DAT&D 7lAY 16, 1973 FROM MR.AZIZ AIMEDj KEulJTjiR UF STAIIt, FOR DliiFSiMCE A&D FORSIGN AFFAlRo TO oAHBAR SWflRAK 3IKGH, INDIAN MINISTER FOR JiXTJiRKAL AFFAIRS.

" I am in receipt of your letter dated May &•

H We agree that the issues with which we are faced are basically humanitarian and that, if they are to be resolved without delay, both uovernnients should refrain from getting involved in a discussion of their legal and political implications. I should like to assure you that we have been ready at all times to approach the question of repatriation of prisoners of war and that of Bengalis and Pakistan nationals stranded in Pakistan'and Bangladesh respectively from a purely humanitarian angle. We had further hoped that a resolution of these issues would open the way to the further implemen- tation of the Simla Agreement with a view to normalisation of the situation in the Sub-continent. It was with this object in mind that we had invited your Government to send a representative to discuss these issues further.

11 I should make it clear also that this invitation did not imply that your representative would discuss the prisoners of war question only. In suggesting that we resume discussions with your Government with a view to an early settlement of the prisoners of war question, we had certainly not intended to bar discussion of the other humanitarian problems. We would of course be walling to discuss ' these other problems as well.

" It is not, however, possible to accept your suggestion that we agree in principle, in advance even of a discussion of the issues involved, to the proposal contained in para. 5 of the Joint India- Bangladesh Declaration of April 17. You would appreciate that to rule out further dialogue except on the condition you have laid down is scarcely the best way to promote a resolution of the humanitarian issues in question and I regret the Government of Pakistan is unable to concur in this proposition.

11 We suggest that our two Governments resume the dialogue without pre-conditions on either side, mindful only of the fact that an early solution to these humanitarian problems has to be found so as to promote a reconciliation and establishment of durable peace in the Sub-continent. " { — 2 —

civilian internees, and that the recognition of Bangladesh by Pakistan would facilitate further progress in this regard. Pakistan side noted the Indian view and stated that the question of recognition of Bangladesh is under serious consideration." Likewise, the contention of Pakistan Government in paragraph 3 of its statement questioning the competence of the Government of Bangladesh to bring to trial certain prisoners of war on criminal charges is unacceptable. The same is the case with the untenable observations contained in paragraph 7 of Pakistan's statement about the Pakistani nationals in Bangladesh, who have declared their allegiance to Pakistan and are desirous of repatriation. 5. We earnestly hope therefore that the Pakistan Government would review their stand on the Joint Indo- Bangladesh Declaration which suggests a practical way for the simultaneous resolution of all the humanitarian issues emanating from the December 1971 conflict. Obviously, there cannot be a solution which takes into account only those issues which interest Pakistan and ignores the position of Bangladesh and India. In our view talks can be purposeful and lead to quick results if Pakistan Government were to indicate their agreement in principle to the solution set out in paragraph 5 of the joint Declaration of April 17, 1973. The representatives of India and Pakistan can then work out modalities for implementing the solution. 6. I should like to add that I have consulted Dr. Kamal Hossain, Foreign Minister of Bangladesh, and this letter represents the Joint response of India and Bangladesh."

#*#*#####**## Text of letter dated 8th May, 1973 from Sardar Swaran Singh to Mr. Aziz Ahmad.

"I have received your letter of the 23rd April. I have also seen the Pakistan Government's statement of the 20th April, I must confess at the outset that we are disappointed at Pakistan's response, as shown in these documents, to the Declaration which we had made jointly with Bangladesh on the 17th of April. 2. The Indo-Bangladesh Joint Declaration had sought to resolve simultaneously the humanitarian issues arising out of the armed conflict of 1971. This was its sole, immediate objective. India and Bangladesh had deliberately set aside political considerations although they were of vital importance to them, so as not to impede the resolution of humanitarian issues. We propounded no legal arguments; indeed, we had eschewed them to achieve the humanitarian objective. We had hoped that your Government's response would in the same spirit concentrate on the humanitarian issues, without political and legal argumentation. 3. You will have seen my statement made in Parliament on the 24th April. This shows how our hopes have been belied. Your Government's statement of the 20th April advances a whole host of legal and political contentions. You will excuse my saying, Mr. Minister, that if India and Bangladesh start disputing these contentions, as indeed we are entitled to, the resolution of the humanitarian issues will be interminably delayed. In fact any objective assessment would show that Pakistan Government's statement of April 20 is tantamount to a rejection of the proposals contained in paragraph 5 of the India-Bangladesh Declaration. 4. Your letter unfortunately only adds to our misgivings. We have studied it carefully. We cannot help the conclusion that all that has been done is to invite a representative of India for a discussion on the prisoners of war question only. There is no effort whatsoever in your Government's response to take into account the respective position of the Governments of India and Bangladesh. For instance, Pakistan's contention, as mentioned in paragraph 2 of the statement, that India has unilateral responsibility and obligation towards the prisoners of war who had surrendered to the joint command of Indo- Bangladesh forces, is contrary to the conclusions reached in the discussions between India and Pakistan at Simla and New Delhi during last year and is totally unacceptable. In this connection you may recall the following extract from the Agreed Recommendations signed by yourself and Shri P.N. Haksar, then Principal Secretary to the Prime Minister of India, on 31st August, 1972: Para 3(iv) "The Indian side stated that Bangladesh is a necessary party to discuss the repatria- tion of Pakistani prisoners of war and TG/gs

cc: Mr. H. Khalifa Mrs. E. Mira —- "bet. filing: AP

fcarch 1973

%• dear Jir. Minister, Mr. H. Khalifa, Director of the United ffetioias Information Centre for Pakistan, lias kindly drawn mr attention to a speech you delivered at the Pakistan I3ational Centre in Lahore, on 19 February 1973* I read your decOaaration witb keen interest and I appreciated very such the carefully eoijsidered comments vhich you made on that occasion. I agree with you that the task of the United Kations is both difficult and fundamental. You way be assured that I eia fully aware of the problems iwhich you have so skilfully outlined, and I am greatly encouraged by your confidence ajad support for the United Kationa, Yours sincerely,

Kurt Valdhein

His Excellency Mr. Baja rPridev Roy, Cabinet Minister Islamabad, Pakistan TG/gs cc: Mr. G. Akatani Mrs. E. Mir a ,. bef. filing: A

5 March 1975

Dear Mr. Khalifa, I wish to thank you for your letter dated 22 February 1973* forwarding to me a tape and a transcript of a speech by Cabinet Minister Baja Tridev Koy, delivered is Lahore, on 19 February 1973. I have taken aote of the contents of your letter and its attachments. I have also written a letter to His Excellency, Mr. Raja Tridev Roy, a copy of \diich. is attached for your information. I am indeed grateful to you for keeping me wall iafonaed of such matters. Yours sincerely,

Kurt ^aldheim

Mr. Hbsni Khalifa Director, UN Information Centre for Pakistan P.O. Box 1107 Islamabad, Pakistan PAKISTAN MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS NEW YORK

PRESS RELEASE No. 42/73

INDIA REJECTS PAKISTAN'S INVITATION TO DISCUSS INDO-BANGLADESH STATEMENT

POWs BEING USED TO IMPOSE TRIAL

AND EXPELL NON BENGALIS PROM BANGLADESH

Islamabad, May 12: India has rejected Pakistan's Invitation to send a representative to discuss the Indo-Bangladesh statement of last month on a three way exchange of prisoners and civilians. A Foreign Office spokesman said in Islamabad yesterday that India, had asked Pakistan first to accept the Indo-Bangladesh proposal and that India would be prepared to enter into negotiations only for discussing the modalities of implementation. He said India's rejection showed that last month's, offer was nothing more than a propaganda ploy to divert the mounting world criticism against the continued detention of Pakistani Prisoners in India. It was also apparent from the latest Indian communication that the continued detention of these Prisoners was sought to be used In order to impose a unilateral solution on Pakistan on the trial of one hundred and ninety five Pakistani Prisoners in Bangladesh and the expulsion of non-Bengalis from Bangladesh to Pakistan. The -2- use of the Prisoners was a lever to extract concessions violated the Geneva Conventions and vitiated the Simla spirit of mutual accommodation to resolve outstanding disputes to establish a durable peace in the sub-continent.

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1273

tfca benoar to ackaowl«€ge r«c»ipfc of jour letter of 25 April 1973 » aaffloning the text of a stateacmt aade Ijy tie ; Soveraagat of Pakistaa on SO April* Sat-orally* I velcdss ^Iji iadLtia*lire»~ ^ the Sev«riaaegt« ecacenwd fbr breaking t&e stale- aafce eeflcgraiag tlie solution of iremiaBilJariaQ pro^leas is the s-ob— aoatiaent, and I liave aot«d ^itli iartarest that JOTIT Qoyerajaeat is pr«par«4 to aaplore farmer aremres of prosotiag peace and, la. ' I kair« aoted timt, vi^ raf«r«nca to eertaia aiaoritiea ^osr Oorernaieat wia villisg; to p^rticipat* efforts to alleriats tieir plight51, aad. that, vitb rsfersaea to Bengalis in ra3tia-tan , ^"our uoverasea't ^ia praparad ftjll? to tba arraugeaeata fear Bengalis to X**v» ?mkiat«a i &^r good offices for the aolation of t;h« rarioos proolsros of ccmr*« ?«oada a^ailabla to the As I liav* b«d oceasioa to saeatioa to you, I vc«14 coiisidar it aeairabi* at tfeis j^at^ture to taka * significant step ia t^at direction t^- soapdstiag, mtb tb« a^reeseat o? tJie Qcnrcrraients eoBQeruad, arraaseaeats for tiua proposed traaa^er of 15,000 3as^aii3 to Bangladesh aaa s^ 20,000 FaiiataadLa fV^a ^agladaah ts Fasiatao* *Sa -^is ead, clarifications srss. aoir r«qui734 da certaia poista, incl-ading tha rola of tfe« IzrtHBrsatiQBal 0»KBitt«a of th« S«a Cross ia clsariiitg tiw persons to ise ?«j««;riat«d aad eata&liabiaa travel ds«Beffln.ta for tfcssu 701? Saiov, I a&re asked ta* United 3«tioaa 2l^ eosEaissionftr for Prisce 3adroS4in Aga Shaa, to be t£u* aseaufeing agaat f or thia

accept,, Sxeallaney, tb« aaBTaranca* ij? a^- Siighast «jnBid*ra.tioa.

His and ?ermaa«st HcrprasfaitsKtiTs of Pakistan .to ib» Halted Hatioaa 3 East £5tb Street , 3.S. 13021 PAKISTAN MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS

PAKISTAN HOUSE

S EAST 6STH STREET

NEW YORK. N. Y. 1OO21

No. p-oi-07/73 25 April 1973

Excellency,

I have the honour to enclose, for your information, the text of a statement made by the govern- ment of Pakistan on 20 April 1973. This statement is in response to the joint Indo-Bangladesh Declaration issued simultaneously in Dacca and New Delhi on 17 April 1973. My government views the joint declaration as the first concrete response to Pakistan's initiative for breaking the stalemate and is fully prepared to explore further avenues of promoting peace and normalcy in the sub-continent. Accordingly, notwithstanding the difficul- ties inherent in the terms of the joint declaration, the government of Pakistan has invited the representatives of the government of India to Islamabad for discussions on the matter and to explore possibilities for the full implementation of the Simla agreement. The process of normalisation would be accelerated if India releases and repatriates Pakistani prisoners of war in accordance with the Geneva Convention of 19^-9 &nd without attaching extraneous conditions. Pakistan fulfilled its part by releasing Indian prisoners of war several months ago and cannot be a party to compromising the universally recognised principle enunciated in the Geneva Conventions. -2-

It is the hope of my government that Your Excellency, and the world community, will appreciate this position and support Pakistan in upholding this principle. My government is perturbed at reports that Bangladesh is proceeding with arrangements to bring a number of Pakistani prisoners of war to trials for alleged war crimes Pakistan does not recognise Bangladesh as a Detaining Power in respect of Pakistani POWs and regards the assertion that they surrendered to a joint command of India and Bangladesh as totally without foundation. In any case Bangladesh does not have any legal right to try the prisoners of war. My own government remains prepared to hold trials in Pakistan if evidence is furnished regarding crimes that may have been committed. On the other hand,, should Bangladesh proceed with its intention of holding the trials it would become impossible for my government to continue to overlook, as it has done so far in the interest of reconciliation and settle- ment, the cases of those Bengalis who are accused of having committed acts of subversion and treason. There is also the question of the fate of ethnic, linguistic and political minorities in Bangladesh who are facing harassment, persecution and denial of their rights as citizens. They deserve to receive the sympathy and support of the world community. Pakistan for its part is willing to participate fully in efforts to alleviate their plight. Pakistan is prepared fully to cooperate with the arrangements for Bengalis to leave Pakistan if they so wish -3- and indeed has always sought a humanitarian solution of this question. Your Excellency is already aware of the several steps that have been taken by my government to that end. I must point out that this question concerns only Pakistan and Bangladesh and my government has already indicated its readiness to enter into a discussion with the authorities in Dacca.

Please accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.

rTK. Akhund) Ambassa^o? Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations

His Excellency Mr. Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General of the United Nations, United Nations Headquarters, New York. PAKISTAN MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS NEW YORK

PRESS RELEASE HO. 3V73

PAKISTAN INVITES INDIAN REPRESENTATIVES TO ISLAMABAD FOR DISCUSSIONS

INDIA'S FULFILMENT OF ITS OBLIGATION UNDER GENEVA CONVENTIONS WILL ACCELERATE NORMALIZATION

Rawalpindi, April 20, 1973: A statement issued by the Government of Pakistan says that* "For obtaining the necessary clarification of the implications of the statement (issued in Delhi on April 17), and in the spirit of promoting an advance towards' peace, the Government of Pakistan has decided to invite representatives of the Government of India to Islamabad for discussions and also to explore further possi- bilities for the implementation of the Simla Agreement. The process of the normalization of the situation in the sub-continent would be accelerated by India's promptly fulfilling its unconditional obliga- tions under the Geneva Conventions." Following is the text of the statement: "The Government of Pakistan has carefully considered the statement issued in Delhi on April 17. While the statement purports to be inspired by the vision of a durable peace in the sub-continent, the Government of Pakistan notes with regret that it contains several allegations which are both unfounded and unfair. Not wishing to enter into polemics over these issues and thus to prolong a chain of charge and counter-charge, Pakistan deems it sufficient to reiterate its resolve to adhere to the letter, and fulfil the spirit - 2 - of the Simla Agreement, with a view to the reduction of tensions, the settlement of disputes and the building of international relations in the sub-continent on the foundations of justice and equity. The many offers, acts and initiatives of the Government of Pakistan towards this end hardly need to be recalled.

Unconditional Obligation "It is fact beyond question that the normalization of the situation in the sub-continent has been obstructed by India's continuing to hold in illegal captivity over 90,000 Pakistani prisoners of war and civilian internees despite the cessation of hostilities sixteen months ago. The Geneva Convention of 19^9 about the treatment of prisoners of war, to which India is a signatory, makes it the obligation of the detaining power to release and repa- triate prisoners of war 'without delay after Cessation of hostilities. The obligation is unilateral and unconditional, Thfe- principle involved is basic to international law and any compromise with it, open or disguised, can set a calamitous precedent. Apart from huma- nitarian considerations, it will nullify all obligations under the Geneva Conventions, which civilized nations have laboured for over a century to evolve and to make binding on all states. The Govern- ment of Pakistan notes with concern that thei 'initiative' embodied in the statement issued in Delhi invites Pakistan to compromise the principle by agreeing t'dj or acquiescing in, conditions which are irrelevant and unrelated to the repatriation of the prisoners of war. "The Government of Pakistan cannot recognize the competence 'of the authorities in Dacca to bring to trial any among the prisoners of war on criminal charges. According to an established principle of international law, only a competent tribunal of Pakistan can have Jurisdiction in this matter since the alleged criminal acts were committed in a part of Pakistan and since also the persons charged are the citizens of Pakistan. It would be repugnant to a nation's sovereignty to surrender its exclusive jurisdiction in this regard. The Government of Pakistan reiterrated its readiness to constitute judicial tribunal, of such character and composition as will inspire international confidence, to try persons charged with the alleged offences. '•> . "' ' • Atmosphere "Apart from these inescapable considerations of both sovereign- ty and justice, the Government of Pakistan is gravely apprehensive that if the authorities in Dacca begin to hold these trials, it will poison the atmosphere and seriously retard the establishment of that climate of peace and reconciliation which is a dire necessity for the welfare of the peoples of the sub-continent. "On its part, the Government of Pakistan in its desire to put an end to a chapter of tragic conflict, has exercised maximum restraint even to the extent of refraining from exercising its rightful Jurisdic- tion and bringing to trial those Bengalis in Pakistan against whom there is evidence of the commission of such acts as subversion, espionage and high treason. The terms of the Delhi statement would make it impossible for this restraint to continue^. "The Government of Pakistan is prepared to fully cooperate with arrangements for all Bengalis to leave Pakistan if they so wish. Indeed, the Government of Pakistan has always sought a humanitarian t

solution of problem and has taken several steps consistent with that aim. Unique Doctrine "As regards 'Pakistanis in Bangladesh1 the proposition con- tained in paragraph 5 of the Delhi statement is extraordinary, advancing the unique doctrine that an ethnic., linguistic or political minority can be persecuted, offered an 'option' under pain of loss ! of jobs, property or even life and arbitrarily expelled from its

place of domicile3 creating an obligation for Pakistan to receive its members . The Government of Pakistan is acutely distressed at the tragic suffering of the victims of this prejudice and bigotry urges the international community to persuade the authorities in Dacca to protect the basic human rights to which these unfortunate people are entitled. The solution of the humanitarian problem which may still • arise should be a concern of humanity. The Government of Pakistan is willing to fully participate in the effort'of ^.alleviating this human plight . "Notwithstanding these difficulties inherent in terms of the Delhi statement, the Government of Pakistan feels that it constitutes a response to Pakistan's urgings for further dialogue between Pakistan and India. For obtaining the necessary clarifications of the implica- tions of the statement and in the spirit of promoting an advance towards peace and normalcy the Government of Pakistan has decided to invite representatives of the Government of India to Islamabad for discussions and also to explore further possibilities for the imple- mentation of the Simla Agreement. The process of the normalization of the situation in the sub-continent would be accelerated by India's promptly fulfilling its unconditional obligations under the Geneva Convention." CO:r?ID2:iTIAL

Meeting between the Secretary-General and .Ambassador Akhund, Pakistan Monday, 30 April 1973 - 11.30 a.a.

Present: Secretary-General Ambassador Akhund R. E. Guyer

At the meeting, the Secretary-General star-feed "by referring to the new developments in the Subcontinent. Ambassador Akhund answered that they were following the situation; that, logically, there had been some recriminations from both sides but that an earnest effort was being made to solve the problems. There was still no answer to Pakistan's suggestion that an Indian official should go to Pakistan to discuss the situation. In a recent journalistic interview, Mrs. Ghandi had said, however, that she was studying the problem. It could be construed that perhaps a favourable answer would be given to President Bhutto's suggestion.

Reference was made afterwards to Prime Minister Mujibur Rahman's proposal for the repatriation of 15,000 Bengalis and for the repatriation of 20,000 Pakistanis and POWs1 wives and children in India. It was mentioned that Prince Sadruddin had some doubts as to whether he should go on with his project or whether it was affected by the overall discussions which had actually taken place in the Subcontinent. Ambassador Akhund said that he had not received any indication that the overall discussions were affecting this limited proposal. He thought, in a personal capacity, that Mujib's proposal was independent and that it should be acted upon as this would constitute a good example to show that things are moving. He would send a cable to his Government, however, to ascertain this interpretation. Ambassador Akhund was informed that ve will tell Prince Sadruddin to go ahead with the project. The Secretary-General, finally, suggested that the ICRC could verify'the West Pakistanis who should return to their country. Ambassador Akhund 3av no objection to this idea and will cable it to Islamabad. PAKISTAN MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS

PAKISTAN HOUSE

B EAST 6STH STREET

NEW YORK. N. Y. 1OO21

Ho. P-01-38/72 April 6, 1973

My dear Under-Secretary, Please refer to our conversation the other day concern ing the exchange of civilians between Pakistan and Bangladesh. I am writing., in confirmation of my telephone call just now, to say that the Government of Pakistan is glad to learn that Bangladesh authorities have agreed to accept the repatriation of 15,000 Bengalis to Dacca. This number includes 10,000 women and children of Bengalis who are in Pakistan and as well as 5,000 Bengalis in the hardship category. Pakistan Government agree to the proposal that these persons may be repatriated by sea and that the women and children of Pakistani POWs and civilians detained in India may return to Pakistan overland through Wagah. The Government of Pakistan agree also that the ship carrying Bengalis to Bangladesh may bring 20,000 west Pakistanis to Karachi on its return voyage provided that the individuals concerned are found on verification to be of West Pakistan origin.

Yours sincerly,

(I. A. Akhund) Mr. Roberto E. Guyer, Under-Secretary-General for Special Political Affairs, United Nations Headquarters, New York. CONFIDENTIAL

2 March 1973 gh/jd

Note for the File

Meeting of the Secretary-General with the Minister of State for Defense and Foreign Affairs, Mr. Aziz Ahmed, on 8 February 1973, in Islamabad

At the outset of the meeting the Minister of State for Defense and Foreign Affairs, Mr. Ahmed, gave a detailed historical account of the development between Pakistan and India since the war, whereby he repeatedly underlined that India had frequently changed its position and at different stages of the negotiations linked different matters with each other. He, himself, had been involved in most of these negotiations and contacts with India. He mainly elaborated the arguments put forward by President Bhutto the day before. As to the question of a general authorization for the President to recognize Bangladesh the Minister of State said that the President was consistently trying to educate public opinion, however, emotion was still very strong and the population rather hostile towards recognition. The President may, nevertheless, try to bring the issue in the next few months before the Assembly. It was mentioned that Pakistan had given clearance to twelve thousand civilians to return to Bangladesh, the list had been prepared by the International Committee of the Red Cross. In spite of that the Bangladesh Government wanted particulars of each individual - the Indian side had repeatedly been told by the Pakistanis that no further progress could be expected as long as the POW issue was not resolved. The public opinion all over the world was on the side of the Pakistan and time would work in their favour.

The Secretary-General mentioned that from his talks with the Indian leaders he felt that the main difficulty was profound mistrust on the Indian side, but he also stressed that he had not heard a negative remark from the Indian leaders in regard to President Bhutto. Summing up his impressions of Delhi and Islamabad the Secretary-General remarked that the PCWs and the issue of recognition were interconnected. It should be possible to find an acceptable procedure for both sides. At the same time he was afraid that no concessions could be made before the elections in Bangladesh. After the elections the Indian leaders expected a positive development. He had insisted in India again and again on the importance of the release of the POWs, and had proposed to begin step by step. He als had repeated the idea of a tripartide meeting. As far as the relief operation for the displaced persons in Pakistan, who only recently had returned to their villages, was concerned he appealed twice to possible donor countries and after seeing the situation in the area personally he had all the more understanding for the need of assistance. He also pointed out that the United Nations had no money of its own for this purpose but depended on the generosity of Member States. Upon conclusion of the meeting the Minister of State assured the Secretary-General of the full co-operation of Pakistan with the United Nations. cc-. UNITED NATIONS |||f NATIONS UNIES """*"*'"" INFORMATION CENTRE FOR PAKISTAN „ . if ' '*"

Telephone: 23465-23553 P-°- Box 11 °7 24, Ramna-6/3 Cables: OMNI PRESS 88th Street 'SLAMABAD PEBSONAL AND CONFIDENTIAL 1SLAMABAD

22 February 1973

Pear Dr. Waldheim,

I have the honour to send you a tape and a transcript of an eloquent speech in defence of the United Nations, its contributions and limitations "by Cabinet Minister Baja Tridev Boy, irho was the leader of the Pakistan Government's Delegation to the 2?th Session of the General Assembly. His speech was made as a comment on a lecture I had delivered at the Pakistan National Centre in Lahore on 19 February on the topic of "Youth Participation in United Nations Activities".

!The reason for sending this tape directly to you is my knowledge of your personal interest in improving the image of the United Nations. This is the best and most outspoken defence of our Organization by a high-ranking Government Minister in Pakistan.

It would help my work a great deal if you deem it advisable to send a few words to Baja Tridev Roy through this Centre.

Sincerely yours,

Hosni Khalifa Director

Dr. Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General, United Nations, New York

cc: Mr. Genichi Akatani, Assistant Secretary-General, Office of Public Information, United Nations, New York TRANSCRIPT OF A SPEECH ON THE SOLE, CONTRIBUTIONS AND LIMITATIONS OP THE UNITED NATIONS BT RAJA TRIDI7 HOY, PAKISTAN MINISTER FOR MINORITIES AFFAIRS AND TOURISM, AT THE PAKISTAN NATIONAL CENTHS, LAHORE, ON 19 FEBRUARY 1973, IN COMMENT OF A LECTURE DELIVERED BT UNITED NATIONS INFORMATION CENTRE DIRECTOR HOSNI KHALIFA ON THE TOPIC OF "RQLB OF YOUTH IN UNITED NATIONS ACTIVITIES"

I have listened with attention to the erudite lecture by Dr. Khalifa. Some of the questions put to him were extremely interesting and similarly his answers. Certain facts and figures he has brought to light were alarming. I recall attending the World Food Congress in Washington as a member of the Pakistan Delegation in 1963* There we were apprised of the increasing imbalance in the world between population and food resources. Today there are possibly only five or six countries in the world which export foodgrains or have a surplus. I think experts have apprised that next year there is likely to be food scarcity to the extent that with the best of efforts at least a million persons will likely die of starvation. Naturally it is to be expected that, if not all, a great bulk of this sad lot will be in Asia. I am sorry that there are certain misconceptions still lurking in our minds with regard to the role of the United Nations. I am very happy that Dr. Khalifa has, in a very forthright and straightforward manner, clarified some of these misconceptions. In one question put by one of our young friends the questioner very categorically said that unemployment has been elevated by the United Nations. I think this is not a fair judgement. We should also try and remember and ask ourselves what we contribute to the United Nations and what we get out of the United Nations. It may interest you to know that the bulk of the contribution made to the United Nations does not come' from the Third World. Although the vast majority of the members of the United Nations belong to the Third World, the financial contributions made by the Third World is very small and - 2 - this is natural because the Third World is underdeveloped - is undeveloped, although sometimes we do use the word developing, this perhaps is an optimistic euthemism. For instance, the agenda of the United Nations General Assembly, if you look into it for any given year for the last two or three years, you will find in this agenda the majority of the items concern the Third World, whereas the contributions made by the Third World is certainly not commensurate with the time taken up and not to mention the money taken up in many of the United Nations sessions* We in Pakistan are grateful to the United Nations. We have received and we continue to receive a good deal of assistance from the United Nations. We are aware of the fact that the United Nations has its limitations. We are acutely aware of the fact that the United Nations, because it has no authority to implement its resolutions, has not been able to solve many of the problems, pertaining in particular to the Third World, specifically to two resolutions in which Pakistan has been interested: 1. The resolution with regard to a plebscite in Kashmir. 2. The resolution with regard to the release and repatriation of the POWs in conformity with United Nations resolutions of 1971, reiterated in 1972, and in accordance with the Geneva Conventions. But as Pr. Khalifa has said the United Nations has the moral authority and reflects world conscience but it has not the means, it has not the power to execute these resolutions through force. I do not know whether it would be wise or possible to have the United Nations implement their resolutions through force. That is a matter that has both sides to it and at this moment I think discussions in that regard will be futile.

But while realising that we had our disappointments with regard to the non-implementation of the United Nations resolutions, we should not lose our sense - 3 - of objectivity and fairness.

We should not fail to "be appreciative of the immense benefits that not only the world at large "but Pakistan in particular is deriving from the United Nations.

I am very, I should say,alarmed, I should use the same word,to find from Dr. Khalifa's speech that the population explosion is of such a magnitude. I shall have to think what is going to happen in. 1980, when we are going to have not only the question of unemployment in the Third World but I think with it a tremendous scarcity of food despite efforts that we make, continue to make in trying to overcome this problem. I think we should be increasingly aware of the urgent necessity to put into practical effect the question of population growth and a healthy rate of population growth. As Dr. Khalifa has explained child mortality has decreased, death due to disease has decreased, not in their quantum but in. relationship to the proportion as a whole, if we compare it with conditions, say 20 years ago. As we want to have a healthy nation, we want to have a dynamic nation, we have to realize that with our limited resources we can cater to only a certain population. If we overshoot that mark despite our best efforts it will be like pouring water into a bucket without a bottom. So 1 do appeal to those present today, the intelligentia, to think and take note of the points made by Dr. Khalifa and do your bit in generating a greater awareness in this field. I want to thank Dr. Khalifa again for a very illuminating lecture and I want to dispel any doubt that may be lurking in his mind with regard to our feelings about the United Nations. We are grateful to the United Nations. We certainly want it to be improved and improvement can come through criticism and we welcome therefore criticism — constructive criticism. We are all heartened to know that you are doing your bit, perhaps more than your bit, and we wish yojj continued success in being able to help humanity at large as you are doing now. Vol. XXIII No. 8 Weekly UN News and Views 24 February, 1973 Raja Tridiv Roy on Role of Youth in UN Activities UN Role, Limitations Raja Tridiv Roy, Central Minister for Minorities Affairs Commenting on the lecture and Tourism and leader of the Pakistan Delegation to the 27th delivered at the Pakistan National Session of the General Assembly, presided over the first lecture in Centre in Lahore on 19 February a new series by the Director of the United Nations Information 1973 by the Director of the UN Centre Hosni Khalifa, in Lahore on 19 February. The topic of the Information Centre, Raja Tridiv lecture was "Role of Youth in United Nations Activities." Roy, Central Minister for Minorities The lecture was also delivered at Peshawar on 21 February, Affairs and Tourism made an eloquent Karachi on 23 February and Hyderabad on 24 February. extemporaneous speech on the role of the United Nations and the limita- In Rawalpindi the Lecture will be given on 28 February. tions in the way of enforcing its The lecture-tour was organized in co-operation with the resolutions. Following isacomprehen- Pakistan National Centre. Following is a brief summary: sive summary of Mr. Roy's remarks: The hard fact about needs and I have listened with attention to aspirations of youth is the problem the erudite lecture by Dr. Khalifa. of fulfilling their expectations in the Some of the questions put to him face of rapid population growth and were extremely interesting and too few available jobs, especially in similarly his answers. Certain facts developing countries, limited means and figures he has brought to light to develop human resources and were alarming. I recall attending the their desire for meaningful participa- World Food Congress in Washington, tion in society. as a member of the Pakistan Delega- It is meaningless to consider tion in 1963. There we were apprised young people's needs and aspira- of the increasing imbalance in the tions unless they are examined with- world between population and food in the context of the realities of the resources. To-day there are possibly world's social and economic situa- only five or six countries in the world which export food grains or have a tion, which is characterized by Minister for Minorities Affairs and glaring inequalities and an already Tourism Raja Tridiv Roy delivering surplus. I think experts have apprised large and increasing youth popula- his comments on the lecture that next year there is likely to tion. This brings me to the grave current demand, the increase of the be a scarcity to the extent that with problem facing the world in general youth population will have serious the best of efforts at least a million and the developing countries in implications for countries in which persons are likely to die of starva- particular : the population problem. high rates of unemployment and tion. Naturally it is to be expected Population Growth underemployment prevail. It is estimated that about 200 Recent projections indicate that million people will be in search of the proportion of the zero to 24 jobs within the next two years in the years age group in the total popula- developing countries alone and by tion in 1980 will be about 60 per 1980 the figure is expected to reach cent in the developing regions, com- 300 million. pared with about 42 per cent in the developed regions. Human Resources and Development First World Nature In 1965, nearly three quarters Park in Antarctica of the youth population (aged 15—24) At the Symposium on the Parti- lived in the developing countries—58 cipation of youth in the Second ECAFE Statistical Yearbook 3 million in Africa, 340 million in Asia United Nations Development Decade and 45 million in Latin America, held in Geneva in the autumn of Drive to Spread but by 1980, the figures are expected 1971 the following conclusions were "Miracle Maize" 3 to reach 85 million, 486 million and adopted: 72 million, respectively. 1. There is no development UNESCO Regional Since existing educational and unless it promotes social justice ; training facilities as well as job Centre in Beirut 3 opportunities in most developing 2. There is no development countries are inadequate to meet (Continued on page 4) that if not all, a great bulk of It is alarming that the popula- this sad lot will be in Asia. tion explosion is of such a magnitude. Financial News We shall have to think what is UN Role going to happen in 1980, when we The World Bank Group has I am sorry that there are certain are going to have not only the ques- approved the following loans: misconceptions still lurking in our tion of unemployment in the Third $13 Million for Dominican minds with regard to the role of the World but I think with it a tremen- Republic United Nations. I am very happy dous scarcity of food despite eff- that Dr. Khalifa has in a very forth- orts that we make, continue to make $11.5 Million for Zambia right and straightforward manner in trying to overcome this problem. $6 Million for Guyana. clarified some of these misconcep- I think we should be increasingly $5 Million for Malaysia tions. aware of the urgent necessity to put $1.25 Million for Iran into practical effect the question of The majority of items on the population growth and a healthy Dominican Republic agenda of the General Assembly con- rate of population growth. As Dr. The International Development cern the Third World, whereas the Khalifa has explained, mortality has contribution made by the Third Association (IDA), an affiliate of the decreased. As we want to have World Bank, has approved a $13 World is certainly not commensurate healthy nation, we want to have a with the time taken up and not to million credit to help finance the dynamic nation, we have to realize largest irrigation scheme ever mention the money spent in many of that with our limited resources we the United Nations sessions. undertaken by the Dominican Repub- can cater to only a certain popula- lic. We have received and we con- tion. If we overshoot that mark tinue to receive a good deal of despite our best of efforts it will be Zambia assistance from the United Nations. like pouring water into a bucket The Board of Directors of the We are aware of the fact that the without a bottom. So I do appeal World Bank has approved a loan United Nations has its limitations. to those present today, the intelligent- equivalent to $11.5 million to help We are acutely aware of the fact sia, to think and take note of the finance the development of family that the United Nations, because it points made by Dr. Khalifa and also farming in Zambia. The project is has no authority to implement its do your bit in generating a greater designed to assist small farmers who resolutions, has not been able to awareness in this field. now produce little more than their solve many of the problems, pertain- I want to thank Dr. Khalifa subsistence requirements to enlarge ing in particular to the Third World. I again for a very illuminating lecture their output of marketable crops and specifically refer to two resolutions and I want to dispel any doubt that so to increase their family incomes. in which Pakistan has been interested: may be lurking in his mind with Guyana 1. The resolution with regard regard to our feelings about the to a plebiscite in Kashmir. United Nations. We are grateful to The World Bank announced a $6 the United Nations. We are all million loan to the Guyana Electri- 2. The resolution with regard heartened to know that you are doing city Corporation (GEC) for power to the release and repatriation of the your bit, perhaps more than your bit, development in Guyana. This is POWs in conformity with United and we wish you continued success the Bank's first loan for the power Nations resolutions of 1971, reit- in being able to help humanity at sector. erated in 1972, and in accordance large as you are doing now. with the Geneva Conventions. Malaysia But as Dr. Khalifa has said, the First World Nature The World Bank and the United Na- United Nations has the moral autho- tions Fund for Population Activities rity and reflects world conscience but Park in Antarctica (UNFPA) will assist a $14.5 million it has not the means, it has not the equivalent population project in Ecology-minded officials around Malaysia aimed at reducing the popu- power to execute these resolutions the globe are pondering an appeal through force. lation growth rate by expanding by representatives of 75 countries for family planning services into rural I do not know whether it would the creation of the first world natu- areas and fay improving the effective- be wise or possible to have the ral park in Antarctica. ness of the National Family Planning United Nations implement their The park would be managed by Board (NFPB) and maternal and resolutions through force. That is a the United Nations and protect the child health services. The Bank will matter that has both sides to it and fauna and flora of the southern arc- provide $5 million. at this moment I think discussions in tic region, especially from depreda- that regard will be futile. tions by hunters. Iran The congress, held last Septem- The International Finance Corpora- But while realizing that we had ber in GrandTeton, Wyoming, USA, tion (IFC) is making an in- our disappointments with regard to was sponsored by the International vestment of $1.25 millon, in the the non - implementation of the Union for the Conservation of form of a loan with options to United Nations resolutions, we Nature and Natural Resources. purchase shares, in Iran California should not lose our sense of objec- Other recommendations by the Company, an Iranian agri-business tivity and fairness. congress, attended by more than 400 enterprise.The company is developing We should not fail to be delegates from 75 countries, included a large-scale farm on lands in the Dez appreciative of the immense benefits measures concerning tropical forests, area of the Khuzestan province that that not only the world at large but representative marine zones, proper will benefit from a dam and irriga- Pakistan in particular is deriving use of nature reserves and the con- tion facilities set up with the from the United Nations. trol of pollutants. assistance of World Bank financing.

24 February 1973 ECAFE Statistical Yearbook for 1971 Drive to Spread Persistent Trade Gap Through 1960's "Miracle Maize" A three-year drive to step up A persistent gap between imports countries persisted throughout the the development and spread of and exports for the countries of decade, swelling to $3,367 million "miracle maize" was approved in Asia is revealed in the Statistical in 1970 compared with 31,761 mill- New York recently by the Governing Yearbook for Asia and the Far East, ion ten years ago. Council of the United Nations 1971, recently released by the United Development Programme (UNDP). Nations Economic Commission for Volume-wise, exports out-paced Asia and the Far East (ECAFE). imports, the quantum index for the Approval of nearly $2.4 million former climbing from 82 to 162, or in further support of the high-protein The figures show that exports by 7 per cent yearly. maize scheme will involve research, lagged behind imports for the region The terms of trade for the field trials, training and consulting as a whole, as well as for the throughout the developing world by developing nations of the regions in developing countries declined from ; 110 in 1960 to 98 in 1964, but im- the International Maize and Wheat the 1960 s. proved slightly to 104 at the end of Improvement Centre (CIMMYT), A statistical analysis of the the period. located near Mexico City. tables by ECAFE's Statistical Divi- Intra-Regional Trade Dominant The focal point of the intensified sion shows that, despite a notable rise research drive is the new, improved of 10.2 per cent per year during the Intra-regional trade continued to dominate the pattern of external "Opaque-2" maize strain developed decade in the value of exports of the by CIMMYT researchers last year. ECAFE countries (excluding China) trade of the ECAFE countries. Imports from within the region The new strain, which capped 20 compared with 9.3 per cent for im- years of research, is expected to ports, the exports continued to trail rose to $16,027 million in 1970, up 16 per cent over 1969, and 10 per improve the diets of millions of behind the imports throughout the families dependent upon the cereal entire period, resulting in a trade cent annually on average during the decade. The developing ECAFE throughout the world. Test feedings deficit that amounted to US $2,808 have already established its enhanced million in 1970. countries contributed 52.4 per cent of the intra-regional import nutritional value. Exports rose steadily from $15, The continuing support of UNDP 205 million in 1960 to $40,349 mill- trade in 1970. Total exports to points within will enable the project to extend its ion in 1970, the pace sharpening geographic scope from Latin towards the end of the decade. the region rose to $15,547 million in 1970, 14.8 per cent over the year America, where it has largely been Imports, on the other hand, rose concentrated, to include consulting, from $17,749 million in 1960 to before and 10.9 per cent annually on average during the entire decade. training and production programmes $43,157 million in 1970, with a 16 as well as nursery trials and interna- percent increase that year over 1969. The developing countries accounted for 60 per cent of the total intra- tional workshops in Asia, Africa and Export Volume Soars regional export trade in 1970. the Middle East. Volume-wise the quantum index (1963 Trading Partners The breakthrough with improved = 100) for exports soared from 79 at North America maintained its foot- "Opaque-2" lay in eliminating a the beginning of the decade to 212 hold as the principal trading major obstacle to general acceptance in 1970, a growth rate of 10.3 per partner of -the countries of the re- of high-protein maize—a dull, luster- cent per.year during the period. gion, a position traditionally held by less kernel that millers found difficult The index for imports increased Western Europe until the early 1960's. to process and most housewives did by 8.8 per cent annually from 82 in Imports from North America not seem to care for. By selective 1960 to 193 in 1970. swelled from $4, 304 million in 1960 breeding, the Centre's researchers to $12, 625 million in 1970 — a rise developed a high-protein strain with The terms of trade for the a hard, vitreous kernel. region (1963=100) deteriorated some- of 11.4 per cent a year on average. what from 105 in 1960 to 96 during The 1970 figure was 26.5 per cent UNESCO Regional 1965 and 1967, but recovered to even more than the year before. In compa- at the end of the period. rison, imports from Western Europe moved by only 5.8 per cent a Centre in Beirut Slower Trade Expansion year on average over the decade to Following an agreement between The developing countries registered a a total of $8,774 million in 1970 Unesco and Lebanon, a new office to slower expansion in their external compared to $4,970 million 10 years help Arab countries improve and trade, with imports reaching $18,552 ago. expand their educational systems in 1970, compared with $10,103 Exports to North America opened in Beirut in January. million in 1960, and exports reaching surged 14.1 per cent annually on $15,185 million in 1970 compared average from $3,030 million in 1960 The Beirut centre is the fourth with $8,342 in 1960. compared with $4,557 million in Unesco regional office for education Imports rose at an annual rate 1960. to be established. The others are of 6.3 per cent on average and ex- Imports from South America situated in Dakar, to serve Africa, ports by 6.2 per cent a year during showed the highest average increase in Bangkok, for Asia, and in San- the period. Increases in 1970 were of of 21 per cent a year over the dec- tiago de Chile, for Latin America. 8.0 per cent in the case of imports ade, followed by imports from The new centre has taken over and 8.9 per cent in the case of ex- USSR and eastern Europe with an the offices and work of the former ports. annual growth rate of 16.2 per cent Arab States Centre for Educational The trade gap of the developing during the same period. Planning and Administration.

24 February 1973 Role of Youth in UN Activities

(Continuedfrom page 1} Development Programme (UNDP) to United Nations Economic and Social send, as soon as possible, an Office in Beirut (UNESOB) should be unless it takes human resources as expert to assist the government in implemented. its base and succeeds in freeing the launching a "massive scheme for gain- dynamic of these resources; fully employing all educated men who 4. The United Nations Volunteers, 3. There is no development are looking for work; keeping the which already has nearly 100 workers unless all groups within the commu- unemployed educated men mentally in 10 countries, should be further nity are involved or if any sector of and physically fit so that they remain developed to provide further the population is excluded from the useful citizens of the country; impart- opportunities for youth involvement benefits of development. ing them training in trades and pro- at the field level. Concept of Participation fessions needed by the economy; and helping any other programmes/ Youth Access to United Nations The concept of "participation" agencies like People's Works Prog- Policy Formulation is crucial to the understanding of ramme to carry out their projects." young people's views of the role they The United Nations sees a need for are destined to play in society. The The Government of Pakistan has also "proposed to set up innovation in providing young people term implies that they are determined with greater access to the policy- to have greater communication and eventually a National Development a lessening of their exclusion from Volunteer Corps—but an interim making processes of the world body. participation in society's activities. programme for placing as many The General Assembly has last educated unemployed men as possible December approved a proposal for Unless communications with in regular employment or on-the-job the establishment of an ad hoc advis- young people are improved and their training/apprenticeship is under ory committee on youth to the participation in United Nations preparation by the Planning Divi- Secretary-General on United Nations activities increased, the United Na- sion." activities and to convey to the world tions, as a vehicle for the devel- body the views and interests of youth opment of the international com- 2. There should be joint youth and youth organizations. munity, is in danger of losing the in- projects involving international non- terest and commitment of the future governmental youth organizations This group, consisting of 12 to generation, the Secretary - General and their national affiliates in a wide 15 members, would be appointed by asserts. range of political, economic and the Secretary-General to serve in National and Regional Efforts social considerations, from delinq- their individual capacities, and would A basic condition for vigorous uency and drug abuse to racial include specialists with extensive and fruitful communications between discriminations and refugee problems. experience in youth affairs. youth and the United Nations should In this regard the scope is wide be the establishment of concrete open for a very vital contribution to Testing Period opportunities for consultation and displaced persons returning to co-operation at the local, national A three-year testing period to recently vacated areas in Punjab and implement improvements in two-way and regional levels, where United Sind Provinces by the youth of this Nations activities and the lives of communications with young people country primarily and of the region has also been adopted by the General young people converge. The report and the world in general. suggests • four initiatives to make Assembly in December 1972. At the this effective. Pakistani Youth Organizations end of the testing period, the 1. The General Assembly has should grasp this opportunity. Secretary-General, in collaboration emphasized the importance of youth 3. Regional programmes should be with the proposed ad hoc advisory involvement in the Second United encouraged and enlarged, and plans group, will evaluate the progress Nations Development Decade. As for appointing full-time youth prog- made and report to the General United Nations activities at the local ramme officers to the regional Assembly, with recommendations for and national levels are directly relat- economic commissions and the long-term action. ed to national policies and prog- rammes, governments must step up opportunities for youth participation United Nations Information Centre for Pakistan in development. Resident Represen- tatives of the United Nations Devel- P.O. Box 1107, Islamabad opment Programme (UNDP) should Telephones : 23465 & 23553 explore with governments ways of increasing involvement of young people in United Nations activities. In Pakistan, a United Nations expert on Youth Policies and Prog- rammes came in December to advise government authorities and several youth organizations in major cities. After his return to New York, the Government of Pakistan officially requested the United Nations PRINTED MATTEB Regd. No. P - 139 New Pictorial Press. Rawalpindi CONFIDENTIAL

1 March 1973

Note for the File

Meeting of the Secretary-General with President Bhutto, Saturday 7 February 1973 in Islamabad

President Bhutto opened the conversation by referring to the fact that Pakistan had agreed in Simla to solve the outstanding problems on a bilateral basis, although multilateral efforts had never been excluded. India seemed, however determined to stick to a bilateral approach. He also wanted to state at the outset that Pakistan had never spread that the Secretary-General was coming tb the Sub-Continent on a mediation mission. Other Secretary-Generals had been in Pakistan before. He agreed that the problem had to be resolved bilaterally, but the bilateral contacts were definitely not in conflict with the Secretary- General's efforts. Besides the activities of the Secretary-General were in many instances on a bilateral basis even if the United Nations was a multilateral Organization. When arriving in India the Secretary-General said there were distorted reports about his intentions, he however was able to clarify them quickly. He had in mind to establish contacts with all the parties concerned in order to find out how he could be helpful, not only on a humanitarian but also on a political level. Through his own experiences after World War II he knew the consequences of the aftermath of wars. He would continue to suggest a release of part of the prisoners, but he understood the difficulties of Prime Minister Rahman due to the forthcoming elections. Delhi was seriously interested to solve the problem. The Indian leaders had drawn attention to the common responsibility of India and Bangladesh for the POWs. He hoped that after the elections it might be easier for the Sheik to move. During the last General Assembly the Secretary-General had tried hard to avoid a clash over the relevant reselutions which were finally adopted simultaneously without a vote being necessary. In this connexion the mission of Mr. Guyer to the Sub-Continent had to be seen. Even if Mr. Guyer's efforts did not yet bring positive results. The President then referred to the sad fate of the POWs, the many unpleasant incidents and the brain-washing that the Pakistani soldiers had to undergo. Qo% of the POWs were from the region around the capital which traditionally provided the Pakistani Army with its best soldiers. The demonstrations upon the arrival of the Secretary-General had to be understood in view of these facts. They were definitely not arranged but spontaneous. Referring to certain allegations that Pakistan was not interested in a speedy return of the POWs the President declared that sometimes such remarks were made to journalists in order not to demonstrate to the Indians how much the prolonged detention of the POWs really hurts. This was mainly a humanitarian and not a political problem. Turning to the increased international activity of Pakistan, President Bhutto confirmed that they were sending new delegations abroad to obtain greater support from friendly countries for their attitude. With respect to the recognition of Bangladesh - 2 -

President Bhutto said that he would not ask for it if he did not mean it. However, it had to be stressed that a possible recognition of Bangladesh was very unpopular in Pakistan. Prime Minister Rahman should in fact be grateful to him, because he, Bhutto, had released him from jail. Coming back to recognition he was wondering what should be recognized, the fruits of agression or foreign intervention? The Pakistani Government felt that a meeting with the Bangladesh authorities where the questions of the Bengalis in Pakistan, the Bhiaris in Bangladesh, as well as the tribunals against war criminals could be discussed was urgent. Pakistan wanted a comprehensive and total settlement. They would prefer to have a meeting under United Nations auspices. Bhutto also stated that for the last few weeks a considerable number of Bengalis were permitted to return to Bangladesh and that they would continue to give permission for justified cases. Besides the Bengalis were well treated and lived in their homes. Since the Bengali Civil Servants were suspended from their functions they, of course, only recieved a certain part of their salary. The Secretary-General assured the President that he fully understood his wish to meet with Sheik Mujibur and underlined the need for a political settlement. President Bhutto replied that Pakistan tries to avoid getting caught again, recognition could only come after an assurance of the return of the POWs. He had completely lost confidence with the Indian and Bangladesh leaders, who had changed their approach frequently. He would not be surprised if one day India would link the POW issue with Kashmir or some other matter. Replying to the Secretary-General's question why India accused Pakistan for not implementing the Simla agreement, Bhutto declared that in fact it was the Indians who did not withdraw from Pakistan territory for a very long time. The Secretary-General then inquired how the President could obtain authorization from Parliament to recognize Bangladesh. According to Bhutto the word of a political leader has to have enough weight to be a sufficient guarantee. As to the legislative procedure in Parliament for recognition the President stated that under the old constitution the procedure would be simple and take a fairly short time. Under the new constitution it would be more complicated since the Bill has to pass both houses. Asked by the Secretary-General, the President assured him that he would give serious thought to the Secretary-General's suggestion to obtain general authorization from Parliament for recognition, whenever he, Bhutto, deemed the time right. The question of the exchange of women and children was also touched upon. President Bhutto stressed that he had given permission for twelve thousand civilians to return, however, Prime Minister Rahman wanted detailed particulars on all individuals being afraid of infiltration. The President then agreed that it would be unrealistic to expect anything before the elections in Bangladesh. He, however, asked the Secretary-General to convey to the Prime Minister that he also felt that Viet-ITam would take off some of the interest of the world community from Bangladesh. Bhutto asked the Secretary-General to also inform Sheik Mujibur that various Bengalis had come to see him in order to offer their assistance in steering unrest in Bangladesh against the Sheik. He had turned them out. Returning to the question of P0¥s he felt that a step by step release would generate a much better climate in the mutual relationship. Mr. Guyer then interjected that the Indians felt that the increased arms influx into Pakistan severely hampered, according to Indian leaders, a settlement. President Bhutto - 3 - felt that India only wanted to be recognized as the dominant power on the Sub-Continent. It did not recognize the need of other countries for self-defense. He mentioned that the United States gave Pakistan very little and China's assistance was also not significant. India, however, was being provided very well with weapons by the Soviet Union. Pakistan's efforts towards a lifting of the United States Arms Embargo was only logical since both countries were partners in the same military alliance. CO?n?I53EffriAL 22 February 1973

IBfFOBMATIOH 13 RELATION TO LETTER DATED 6 FEBRUARY 1973 FROM TB3 ACTIHG PEHMABEHT HEHfflSZBTATIVE. OF PAKISTAN ADDRESSED TO THE SSCaET/JBT-GEHEHAL

1. Certain difficulties vhich affected the activities of the International Committee of the Bed Cross (ICRC) in relation to prisoner of war camps in India arose in December 1972, following the publication by some Pakistan press organs of articles based o» portions of an ICSC report concerning previous fatal incidents in such camps. The ICRC report bad quoted, inter alia, the testimony of prisoners of var vho witnessed the incidents in question and i.ho considered that the killings amounted to jaurder. In the press articles, however., this interpretation of the incidents was attributed not to the victims' fellow prisoners, but to the ICRC Chief Delegate who -was merely reporting their testimony. 2. Mr. George Hoffmann was on leave in Switzerland at the time of the

•'publication of the articles. Although ha was not expefled, it is true that,; ia viaw of the difficulties described above, the ICRC authorities decided not to have him resume his assignment as ICHC Chief Delegate ia India. During this period, regular ICHC visits to POW camps in India were ia fact suspended for about three weeks. However, some ICSC delegates remained in India throughout and were enabled to investigate three reported incidents in the eaurpa in January 1973. 3. Since the "beginning of February 1973, ICRC has again had nine active delegates in EJdia under a new chief of mission, Mr. Nils de Utheman. Information available to the ICRC indicates that there are no restrictions on the execution of the conventional ICRC functions by its delegates, Begular visits to prisoner of war camps have been res-umgd and are proceeding in the normal manner. • JWty '"' "">) i/l/J'

PAKISTAN MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS ——————' PAKISTAN HOUSE

S EAST 85TH STREET

NEW YORK. N. Y. 1OO21 No.P-01-07/73 7 February 1973

Dear Mr. Guyer, I aia enclosing a copy of the final report of the International Committee of Red Cross on its visit to the Indian prisoners cf war camp in Lyallpur in Pakistan as well as a copy of the Press Hand-out issued by the Government of Pakistan based on that report. While comparisons are odious, I cannot resist recalling the treatment being meted out to the Pakistani prisoners of war in India. The inhuman and brutal manner in which they are being treated, sometimes even killed, in violation of specific provisions of the Geneva Conventions, is a matter of public knowledge* We on our part have not only carried out our obligations faithfully but have accorded even more generous treatment to the Indian prisoners of war than that prescribed by the Geneva Conventions. I would appreciate if you could find it convenient to bring this report to the attention of the Secretary-General at your earliest convenience.

Yours sincerely,

( Hay: Mehdi ) Acting Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations

Mr, Roberto E0 Guyer, Under-Secretary-General for Special Political Affairs United Nations, Mew York CORRESPONDENCE CONTROL FORM

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PAKISTAN MISSION TO THE UNITED ONS PAKISTAN HOUSE 8 EAST 6STH STREET

NEW YORK. N. Y. 1OO21 No.P-01-07/73 6o reuruarFebruary 197j.^/33 D-Acknowleci;;.- D-No Ac Excellency, •T5* > i/fi £)si t_*. f?\ Under instructions from my government, I have the honour to bring to your notice the following further violation of the Third Geneva Convention of 1949 by the government of India when it prevented a delegate of the International Committee of the Red Cross from visiting Pakistani prisoners of war camps in India during January 1973: Article 26 of the Convention requires that delegates of the Protecting Power and the International Committee of the Red Cross "shall have permission to go to all places where prisoners of war may be". The government of India did not allow Switzerland, Protecting Power for Pakistan in India, to visit prisoners of war taken in East Pakistan on the untenable ground that Switzerland was not a Protecting Power for Pakistan in regard to "Bangladesh", which India claims is a Co-Detaining Power. According to authoritative reports, the government of India not only refused permission to the International Committee of the Red Cross to visit Pakistani prisoners of war camps during January 1973 but also expelled its chief delegate, Mr* George Hoffmann,from the country. By such an unprecedented step, the government of India has compounded its contravention of the Third Geneva Convention, These acts reflect a policy

//13 - 2 - designed to obstruct functioning of the International Committee of the Red Cross and to intimidate its delegates who have done no more than their duty by faithfully reporting on the conditions obtaining in Pakistani prisoners of war camps in India. By preventing the International Committee of the Red Cross from visiting the prisoners of war camps, the government of India has* in fact, now closed the camps from the supervision by an impartial outside agency which, after studying the conditions prevailing in those camps, had pointed out the grave breaches of Geneva Conventions committed by Indian authorities as well as instances of brutal and inhuman treatment of Pakistani prisoners of war.

Please accept, Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration*

(Hdyat Mehdi) Acting Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations

His Excellency Mr. Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General of the United Nations, United Nations Headquarters, New York New York '*• PAKISTAN,

REPORT 0}; VISIT TO POV IK LYaLLPUR

by : Dr.faichel Chief of 1CRC delegation accompanied by i

Pakistan Red Cross, Lahore

Date of. visit r 28 November, 1972 Dptes of previous 6 January, 2 February, i,. i/iarch, 12 April, visits; 18 i-'iay, 31 i'-ay* 17 June, 14 July, 26 August, 3l August, 7 October, 4 November. Note: This was the last visit made by the Red Gross delegates to the Indian POWs in Pakistan, since the government of Pakistan decided on 27 iMcvemoer 1972 to release them. Their repa- triation was scheduled for the 1st December,

Carap Cpiacandin£. officer Lt. Col, J>i. Latif Jxialik, e D . G grtu: .gndiiiR Of li c er fcajor Sajjad Khawaja Phvsician : Captain Yusuf All Spokesmen of the POWs . : Iving Gomrflander B. A, Coelho, for laF; Hamir Singh on behalf of Army. Capacity of the camp ' 3000 men Nuciber of POWs : 61? men Sex and rationality : Indian, Ranks :. - 10 lAP Officers 7 Ar^r Officers 15 JGOs 578 Ranks 7 Civilians Transfers J - Three Indian POWs wore repatriated to India by 1C EC plane, since the last visit of the IGRC delegation to Lyallpur camp. -They we?e repatriated on medical g^o^ds. The repa- triation took place on j.0 November 1972. Visit of thgcanip There is- no need to describe the camp, as it is well known from the many reports made by this IGRG delegation previously. It was alsa out of question to make a regular visit, as everybody was extremely busy making ready for the repatriation of the FGWs three days ahead. The camp administration was making inventories, closing its accounts, preparing the statements of the pay received during their captivity by each of the F0», writing down a copy of the medical documents concer*- ' ning ail the cases of POWs who were treated by the rakistani doctors; bringing the items taken from the PCv.s when they were captured, . so that they could be given back to them, etc. The POWs also were making their own prepara- tions and were in a curious mood. They were very pleased of course to be repatriated soon, but at the SQWQ tiJiB they were nervous and . semeh6w anxious at the -prospect of the interrogations they will have, to i'aci; in India, of meeting again their i etc., the parcels and the mail th^.t we wer-? bringing failed to excite much of their interest* The standard parcels 'prepared by the Indian Red Gross and some private parcels prepared by the families were distributed and proper receipts signed, un--- standard parcel \vas taken back and was to be brought to a FOW in Ck Hospital Lahore, One private parcel was also taken back., as its addressee had already been repatriated. These parcels and the mail distributed on this day \ ••£& November iy?2) were received at wagha border p^st on ^-5 November 1972. The Pakistan Red Cross had remitted to the delegates visiting the camp a big quantity of books to be given to the Camp library. But it seemed pointless to leave now the . books in the camp and they wera brought back. Arrangements were made to bring, back later the cinema projector and the films lent by the Swiss Embassy ^Indian ; interest Section) at. Islamabad. . . The musical instruments, the games and the books of the camp library, all given by the Pakistan Red Gross., were also. to go back to this society, to be donated at a next oppor- tunity to other categories of people -,;ho might be in need «£ them. Of. all the musical pvenings with songs and dances held in the camps will only remained a big painting on the wall made by the POWs and the photographs taken during these merry evenings. The delegates had a talk with the Army officers on the grass in the courtyard of their barrack, and a little later with the IAF pilots in their own compound. With the repatriation taking place shortly, all the problems and questions that the POV/s ordinarily had were saerringly solved. The POl/s expressed their thanks to IGRC for visiting them regularly and taking care of them, and for intervening with the Pakistan authorities regarding the small problems arising constantly. The FOWs expressed also their gratitude for the Gamp Commnding Officer and his staff because they had treated them well, in a very fair manner, during their ' - captivity. There was a "strong Epidemic of influenza in Lahore and the .Situation. » Punjab province at the time of the visit. i\any P0v,fs had the "flu" and 'had already recovered, but 6 msn were in bed with this sickness on the day of the visit; one IAF pilot . was also in bed. with lumbago; another man was, in Ca hospital Lahore, with Intestinal troubles. It was not sure that he could be repatriated during the very next days, according to the camp physician. . The delegates expressed their best wishes to the POvsS for their future, and thanked the Camp Commanding Officer and his staff far the constant cooperation and the kind assistance they had always shown to the IGRG delegates when visiting the camp. Conclusions Since this is the report of this kind, it seems not out of place to mention here that the delegates of tin ICRG delegation in Pakistan made 42 visits to the Indian PCWs held in this country, from the beginning of January till the end of !: ovember. Cut of these 42 visits, 13 were made at Lyallpur camp. - 3 -

Lluring the first months of the year, the delegates had to visit two camps with valid PGWs, and many hospitals {.Rawalpindi,Lahore,Okar a, Khariar., Hyderabad) where the wounded and sick wers under treatment, Little by little, the PQ'/s recovered and were brought to the camps, or they were repatriated. Very few died of their wounds, none of disease, for many months no rOV- were hospitalized, except occasionally in Gi-'jH Lahore for treatment of some sickness or small injuries sustained in the camp. It is -also worth mentioning here that the Indian POVJs received many parcels during their captivity: one parcel prepared by the Pakistan Red Cross, distributed in January- February, ant. nine parcels prepared by the Indian Red Grogs. They received also 5.552 letters written by their families and their fl-iends in India, and they sent to India 16.809 letters. •: '-L_ The Indian PIKs were detained in Pakistan a little less than one year. During their captivity, the Pakistan Authorities treated them very well, giving them the same facilities that are available to their own troops. The lodgings, the beddings,. the clothes were good; the food was excellent in quality and quite sufficient in quantity; the medical treatment was of a high standard and the best specialists of the country treated the FOWs if it was necessary. The Authorities of rakistan, as well as the Gamp Commanding v'fficers and their staff, ^r the officers .commanding the hospitals and their medical personnel, all expressed the will to observe the rules of the 0-eneva Conventions; indeyd the Geneva Conventions were fully put into practice and the Indian PCws received in - Pakistan the bast possible treatment. The Lyallpur pOws camp was particularly remarkable far the -/say it was run. Under the direction of a very competent 'and highly res/K. ted officer, strong and firm, listening • to no nonsense bu\ full of hutnc-n understanding and not deprived of hunour, everything possible was done to ensure to the. PQWs gocd material and moral living conditions. This incessant and almost fatherly attention was rewarded by the fact that there wa.s in the camp n~ breach of discipline, no incident of any kind,, no serious complaint for the PCvJs. The small complaints made occasionally to the . delegation wers always saslly met by the authorities,with good will. This camp at Lyal3pur could be sst as an example and a model of a gpod PCW camp, and the men who spent within its walls nearly one year were leaving it in gocd health and in excellent physical conditions. y,.

HANDOUT ;:' _ ..••"' • : • ': • '

1 ~ ' CMP- WAS • »A -MODEL ;. • TRSATMEST,-Q?- IPDIAN POWs. WAS BEST POSSIBLE, SATS 'RED ffBOSS

• ' .. •' . • Islamabad, January 26 ».

.The treatment of the Indian prisoners of war by Pakistan -was

"the best possible". This ^has been confirmed by the'final report of the-

International Committee of the RecJ press which has.. been released here

today,- -.„".... ' .. . . " . ' "• . .•'•""•• •'' -- : • •• .The report , says the Indian POWs -were provide d"excellent" -food,

-medical care "of a high order" and "good material and moral living f •-•..'•.-. ' • • I • ' . :• . • condition^ The", concluding paragraph of the ICRC. report is reproduced

"The Indian POWs were detained in Pakistan a little less than one " year,'; During their captivity, the Pakistan Authorities treated them very -well, giving them the same facilities that are available to • their o-wn troops, -The lodgings, the beddings, the clothes -were good; the food was excellent in" quality' and quite sufficient' in quantity; the medical treatment was of a high standard and. the best specialists of the count ry treated the POWs if it 'was necessary* The- Authorities, of Pakistan, as well a s the Camp .Commanding Officers and their staff, or the officers " comriianding . the hospitals and their medical personnel,. . all -expressed the. will "'to observe the rules of the Geneva ,.. Conventions! iadeed the'' Geneva Conventions v^J3; - fully'' put. into practice and the Indian POWs received .an Pakistan the best possible treatment. The 'Lyallpur POWs camp was particularly remarkable for the way it was. run. Under the direction cf very competent and highly respected officer, strong and firm, * . listening to no nonsense but full of human understanding and not deprived of humour, everything possible, was done to. ensure to the POWs good material and moral living conditions. This ' . -incessant and almost fatherly attention was rewarded by the fact 'that there was in the camp no- breach of discipline,, no incident of ' any kind., no serious complaint for the POWs. The snail complaints made occasionally to the. delegation were always easily met by the authorities^ with good will.. This csmp at Lyallpur could be set as an example and a model of a iood POW ' camp, and the men who spsit within its walls nearly one year -were leaving it in good, health and in excellent physical conditions^

The ICRC report ? bout the treatment of/tndian prisoners of war

throws into- sharp . contrast the inhuman treatment of Pakistani prisoners of

. . P/2 ' M^^^^^^^^

ivar by the Indian authorities. At le^st 42 Pakistani prisoners

of "war have been killed in Indian camps; soms of them v,ere esses of

cold-blooded murder,, ,;Upto January-- 24,1973> -.68 Pakistani prisoners vere "• " •'••-• /•'? •-'-... : • ,.^ • • •' • . - • • - ... - .' injured in inci~ehts'of firing by-Indian''guard's. ..Reports of instances ; t=- •-•'... of insults-, indignities, nass punishments, prolonged, interrogations,

torture and barbarities,,''b'ased 'bn secret ICRC reports h^ve'Tbeen

published in the ;,brid"Press('''6-0.g* most''detailed report in Washington

Post of 23rd December i'97'2}.'' '•' " '• - : \ •; • "'

Last year Pakisban unconditionally released over 600 Indian

prisoners of war and also repatriated over 6,000 interned or detained

Indian civilians. One year after the end of the 'fighting, India,

hovever, continues to hold over'90,000 Pakistani military'and

civilian..prisonerSj including thousands of women, infants'and ' children,

- -.. - ... .The -full text' of .the ICRC report 'on_t. he Lyallpur Csir.p

in Pakistan is Appended, ' ' ""'•'.-•' . . " ""•"•I I -2-

war by the Indian authorities, At least 42 Pakistani prisoners

of -war have been killed in "Indian camps; some of them- ware cases of

cold-blooded murder, -;Upto January 24,1973> '-.68 Pakistani prisoners were

~. •• ;.-.,!. >>a ;:. - .. ; . —.- ,• •• . . . • : .. _ - ..' injured in" incidents'of firing 'by-Indian''guards. ,iteports of instances

i V: ••»• -••;.•/ _ • .. ...'.. of insuit s> indignities, mass punishments, prolonged interrogations, torture and barbarities',"'based 'on secret ICRC reports have ."been

: published'in the ":\orid"Preso('6vg *> most "detailed report in" Washington Post of 23rd December 1972}'.'" " ' ' ' : •; ^

Last year Pakistan unconditionally released over 600 Indian

prisoners of war and also repatriated over 6,000 interned or detained

• Indian civilians. One year after the end of the 'fighting, 'India, •':-."-'• .^ • ' ' .. . - . ho-wever, continues to hold over'90,000 Pakistani" military-'arid 'civilian..prisoners, including thousands of women, infants'and'children,

.•• •..-..... The -full text'- of .the ICRC report on t.he Lyallpur Camp

• in .-Pakistan is appended, '" :'"'•'.••'. _ V •> ^

PRESS

HICOMREF --TA4 .•••' si

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OOMORS REALLY VAHT? SENIOR UMATIOM5 OFFICIALS ALREADY I1ADE THEIR

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OF TH2IH r^EiD FOR GOODWILL IB RECIPIENT 3TATE, I^TERMTIQMAL 303Y

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IS 0^£ UHQUOTS.

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ASKED TO SUBMIT PAPERS REGARDING MASMITUDE OF OUR DAMAGE ,.. C WE HAD DECLINED TO SUSPilT SUCH PAPERS TO WORLD BODY AS WE DO(iT WAST c TO GO WITH 3EGGiaG BQtfL BEFORE ANYBODY URSUOTE. PARA PRESIDENT QUOTE RECALLED UNATIOSS MADE SPECIAL COMMITTEE FOR HELPING EAST PAKISTAN. SIMILARLY LARGE INTERNATIONAL HELP FLOWED = P3/35 = ~"\ INTO INDIA DESPITE FACT INDIA HAD NT SUFFERRED AHY LOSS. SUT TO PAKISTAN IT WAS SAID THAT THEY SHOULD SUBMIT LIST ARTICLES:

AND MATERIAL THEY WAMTED. THIS WAS HI FAIR UNQUOTE = en OMHIPRESS ISLAMABAD +

COL USIIC-5 30 DPS * l'^

**.

Confidential 29 January 1973

H7 dear Secretary-General, When we met this morning I mentioned President Bhutto's letter of 23rd December 1972 to Mrs. Gandhi. Mrs. Gandhi has now sent a reply. I enclose texts of both letters for your information. The President intends to send a reply to Mrs. Gandhi in the next few days.

Yours sincerely,

( I. A. Akhund )

His Excellency Mr. Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General of the United Nations, United Nations Headquarters, New York President of Pakistan's letter of December 23, 1972 to the prime Minister o±' India.

Dear Madam Prime Minister, I am sure you are pleased as I am that the first major step in the implementation of the Simla Agreement has at last been consummated. The troop * withdrawals have been completed and the line of control has been delineated to help respect a cease fire in Jammu and Kashmir pending a final settlement I should like to felicitate you on this accomplishment. The way is now open for us to proceed to take other steps aimed.nat the establishment of durable peace. You may have noted the strenuous efforts I am making to that end. The most important issue that now faces us in this context is that relating to Pakistani prisoners of war. You will doubtless appreciate that this would now need to be resolved without delay, not on humanitarian grounds only but also because it is the biggest single remaining obstacle to the normalisation of the situation in the sub continent. With kind regards and best wishes

Yours sincerely,

Sd/ Zulfikar All Bhutto « ' " Prime Minister of India's letter of January 18 1973 to the President of Pakistan, Dear Mr. President, I am sorry I have not been able to reply to your letter of December 23 1972 earlier. There is always a rush of work and tour programmes immediately after the Parliament session. Paragraph four of the Simla Agreement has now been implemented. ¥e should not allow ourselves to rest there. It is important that we should maintain the tempo of normalizing relations. Our representatives could have met to discuss the question of over-flights. My Principal Secretary wrote about this matter to Mr. Aziz Ahmed on November 30 1972. We have not received a reply so far. I also wonder if we could usefully discuss some of the matters listed in paragraph three of the Simla Agreement. I agree that some solution has to be found for the question of prisoners of war. You may recall that in Simla we could not make progress in this regard because of Bangladesh's absence. It was then our understanding that Pakistan-Bangladesh relations would be so handled as to enable us to proceed with the implementation of paragraph six of the Simla Agreement. Recognising the difficulties in our reaching an agreement in Simla in respect of the prisoners of war, my colleagues and I took a more difficult course in agreeing to the withdrawal of our troops. This was an earnest of our determination to do whatever we possibly could to move towards a peaceful relationship between our two countries. I would greatly appreciate your letting me have, in utmost confidence,, your views as to how we could proceed

• • • • / - 2 - to deal with these problems, not only of the prisoners of war but also of achieving peace and stability on our subcontinent., which must inevitably embrace not only Pakistan and India but also Bangladesh.

With regards and best wishes.

Yours sincerely,

Signed Indira Gandhi Confidential I PAKISTAN MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS PAKISTAN HOUSE 8 EAST 65TH STREET NEW YORK. N. Y. 1OO21

1973

&s>xr@rment of Pakistan has atgdied 'with your Report of 1st January * 1973* cemeerning the of Qeaeral AsseEibiy^s Resolution S790 (XXVI) and 0eeorlty council1 a Regolutidn 307 (1971) an

,y.^^«:»^^J-^.>--^^^Wl'*W:K^W«^^

I have feeaa asked to refer to certain other o,f the veport "where certain intaccuntte or - 2 - unsubstantiated statements have been made. For instance, the report states that "Bangladeshi real income |?er capita had restrained virtually et&tifc over the past

military &ffice3*0 to help the Dace& auth®rltiesa an offer ta ^hi^h n© respoia&e wa$ received. As is weli»lmown, a very large ruajaber of the skilled administrative and technical fjersoamel in Muslim Bengal beloiig to the Bihari eomm^nity. If they }*ere allowed te> live their lives as e«|ml sltisens with equal rights* ^e are Certain that the difficulties being faced today fey the fttoinistration in Bacsea can toe reduced e$n&i

Please a<*eept, Sxoellenoy, the assaranees of

( i. A. ^traorainary & penaaaeat Hepresentative of His Sae^elleney to the Suited

United • • v

APPEMDIX Annual Growth o£ per capita inconte in Sa.s.t Pakistan

Growth Rate East Pakistan

1960-61 5.8# 1961-62 6.2$ 1962-63 0.1$ 1963-64 U.3% 1964-65 1.6% 1965-66 4.5$ Average 5.0J&

Estimate of increase in per capita income in East Pakistan from 1959-60 to 1969-70 prepared by the East Pddstan Panel of Economists!

( In Constant Factor Prices ) Income (Rupees) Increase 1959-60 269 1969-70 314