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Geographie Städtebauliche Konfliktforschung Korea Das Beispiel Der Cheonggyecheon Restaurierung in Seoul

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Geographie Städtebauliche Konfliktforschung Korea Das Beispiel Der Cheonggyecheon Restaurierung in Seoul !" # $% & ' ( ) * * "% # + ,- .* / # "% 0 1 ' 23 4565 ! " #$ $ ! " #$ $ " " VORWORT „Geschrieben steht: ‚Am Anfang war das Wort!’ Hier stock ich schon! Wer hilft mir weiter fort? Ich kann das Wort so hoch unmöglich schätzen, ich muß es anders übersetzten, wenn ich vom Geiste recht erleuchtet bin. Geschrieben steht: Im Anfang war der Sinn. Bedenke wohl die erste Zeile, daß deine Feder sich nicht übereile! Ist es der Sinn, der alles wirkt und schafft? Es sollte stehn: Am Anfang war die Kraft! Doch, auch indem ich dieses niederschreibe, schon warnt mich was, daß ich dabei nicht bleibe. Mir hilft der Geist! Auf einmal seh ich Rat und schreibe getrost: Im Anfang war die Tat!“ (Goethe, Faust) INHALTSVERZEICHNIS ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS..................................................................................VI TABELLENVERZEICHNIS.....................................................................................VIII ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS ................................................................................IX HINWEISE .................................................................................................................X 1. EINLEITUNG ...................................................................................................... 1 1.1 English Introduction.................................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Preface .......................................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Introduction.................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Einführung.................................................................................................................. 4 1.2.1 Der konkrete Forschungsrahmen.................................................................. 7 1.2.2 Städtebauliche Prozesse entstehen nicht in einem Vakuum ........................ 8 1.2.3 Allgemeine Zielsetzung ................................................................................ 10 1.2.4 Hauptziele der Arbeit.................................................................................... 11 1.2.5 Methodischer Hintergrund der Untersuchung .............................................. 14 1.2.6 Aufbau der Arbeit ......................................................................................... 14 2. THEORETISCHE GRUNDLAGEN ................................................................... 16 2.1 Darstellung und Abgrenzung der theoretischen Grundlagen....................................16 2.2 Komponenten einer politisch-geographischen Konfliktforschung............................. 21 2.2.1 Raumbegriff................................................................................................. 21 2.2.2 Konflikte....................................................................................................... 25 2.2.3 Räumliche Konflikte..................................................................................... 26 2.2.4 Konfliktquelle: Geographie in den Köpfen ................................................... 26 2.2.5 Strategische Raumbilder als Instrument räumlicher Konflikte..................... 28 2.2.6 Konstruktivistische Wende .......................................................................... 31 2.3 Die konstruktivistisch-handlungstheoretische Konfliktforschung der Politischen Geographie............................................................................................................... 33 2.3.1 Das Individuum und die Gesellschaft – Dualismus oder Dualität................ 33 2.3.2 (Geographischer) Perspektivenwechsel: Von der Raumzentrierung zum handelnden Subjekt..................................................................................... 38 2.3.3 Handeln und Raum ..................................................................................... 43 2.3.4 Der Handelnde ............................................................................................ 43 2.4 Handlungstheorien / Akteursmodelle....................................................................... 48 2.4.1 Rational-Choice-Theorie – die Theorie des rationalen Handelns............. ... 48 2.4.2 Public-Choice-Theorie – Neue Politische Ökonomie .................................. 50 2.4.3 Emotional-Choice-Theorie / der emotional Handelnde ............................... 51 II 2.5 Mittel der Strukturation............................................................................................. 53 2.5.1 Regeln, Ressourcen und Machtpotentiale .................................................. 53 2.5.2 Dualität von Macht....................................................................................... 56 2.5.3 Macht........................................................................................................... 57 2.6 Entscheidungstheorien in der Stadtplanung............................................................. 59 2.6.1 Das rationale Planungsmodell.............................................................. ....... 61 2.6.2 Das Modell der Advokatenplanung ........................................................ ..... 63 2.6.3 Das (neo-)marxistische Planungsmodell................................................. .... 64 2.6.4 Equity Planning – das Modell der sozial gerechten Planung ................. ..... 65 2.6.5 Theory of Transacting Planning – das Modell des sozialen Lernens und des kommunikativen Handelns ....................................................... ..... 66 2.6.6 Das radikale Planungsmodell...................................................................... 67 2.6.7 Das liberale Planungsmodell....................................................................... 68 2.6.8 Die Planungstheorie der ‚dritten Generation‘ .......................................... .... 68 2.6.9 Bewertung der Planungstheorien ...................................... .......................... 72 2.7 Zusammenfassung des theoretischen Rahmens dieser Studie............................... 73 3. DARSTELLUNG UND ABGRENZUNG DER METHODISCHEN GRUNDLAGEN................................................................................................... 76 3.1 Schwerpunkt qualitativer Forschungsmethoden ..................................................... 78 3.1.1 Teilnehmende Beobachtung ............................................................... ........ 83 3.1.2 Dichte Beschreibung – der Cross-Cultural-Dialogue................................... 85 3.1.3 Literatur und Medienrecherche ................................................................... 87 3.1.4 Qualitative Interviews ............................................................................. ..... 92 3.2 Durchführung und Explikation des empirischen Methodenmixes............................. 98 3.2.1 Die Projektchronologie ............................................................................ .... 98 3.2.2 Explorations- und Adaptionsphase.......................................................... .... 99 3.2.3 Verifikationsphase ................................................................................. .... 103 3.2.4 Reflexions- und Rekonstruktionsphase................................................. .... 106 3.3 Auswertungs- und Interpretationsprozess.............................................................. 107 3.3.1 Medienanalyse ...................................................................................... .... 107 3.3.2 Auswertungsmethodik der Interviews......................................................... 110 3.3.3 Subjektiv-hermeneutische Deutung und Konfliktrekonstruktion ................. 115 4. SEOUL: RÄUMLICHES ABBILD GESCHICHTLICHER UND POLITISCHER HANDLUNGEN ....................................................................... 119 4.1 Korea und seine Hauptstadt Seoul: Gesellschaftlicher Wandel und räumliche Entwicklung............................................................................................................ 119 4.1.1 Phasen der nationalen und (stadt-)räumlichen Entwicklung Südkoreas ....120 4.1.2 Seoul: Neue Hauptstadt konfuzianischer Könige 1392-1910................. ... 123 4.1.3 Stadtentwicklung während der japanischen Annexion 1910-1945......... ... 125 4.1.4 Die Erste Republik Koreas ab 1945 ....................................................... ... 127 III 4.1.5 Die Zweite Republik Koreas 1960 - 1961.............................................. .... 129 4.1.6 Die Dritte Republik Koreas 1961 - 1972, Wachstums-Diktatur ............. .... 130 4.1.7 Die Vierte Republik Koreas 1972 - 1979 Neuauflage der Wachstums- Diktatur ..................................................................................................... 134 4.1.8 Die Fünfte Republik Koreas 1979 – 1987 Demokratietransformation ........137 4.1.9 Die Sechste Republik Koreas ab 1987 nachholende Modernisierung ...... 139 4.2 Fazit: sozio-politischer Wandel von der Fremd- zur Sebstbestimmung................. 148 5. DEMOKRATISCHER RAHMEN: RECHTSSYSTEM, -KULTUR UND - BEWUSSTSEIN IN SÜDKOREA..................................................................... 151 5.1 Organisation des Staates....................................................................................... 152 5.2 Kommunale Selbstverwaltung und Planungshoheit..............................................
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