Nov. 25Th MOS Technology [Sept 9], Where Nov

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Nov. 25Th MOS Technology [Sept 9], Where Nov supportive, so he, Bill Mensch [Feb 9], and five others, left for EPICAC Nov. 25th MOS Technology [Sept 9], where Nov. 25, 1950 Peddle headed a team working on the 650x family of “EPICAC” is a short story by Kurt Philipp Matthäus processors. The most famous Vonnegut which was published member of that family was the on this day in Collier’s Weekly. Hahn 6502, released in 1976, which could be purchased for roughly EPICAC is the largest, smartest Born: Nov. 25, 1739; 15% of the price of an Intel 8080 computer on Earth, and is given Scharnhausen, Germany [April 18]. Not surprisingly, it the part-time job of writing poetry for the story's narrator Died: May 2, 1790 soon found use in a multitude of products, including the Apple II (and EPICAC operator) to give to Hahn was a priest and also a [June 5], VIC-20 [May 00], NES Pat, his girlfriend. An renowned clockmaker and [Oct 18], Atari 8-bit computers unintended side-effect is that inventor. He designed the first [Nov 00], many arcade games, EPICAC learns to love Pat, but popular mechanical calculator and the BBC Micro [Dec 1]. also realizes that she cannot based on Leibniz’s Stepped reciprocate that love for a mere Reckoner [July 1], which he first machine. EPICAC short- got working in 1773, although circuiting himself to end the he spent a few more years misery. making the tens-carry mechanism reliable, partly by The story was published four reshaping the rectangular years after ENIAC was unveiled machine to be circular. Hahn’s [Feb 15], but the EPICAC name primary inspiration was to apply may also refer to “Syrup of his ideas to simplifying the Ipecac”, once used as a cough construction of a large syrup and to induce vomiting. astronomical clock, called the The story was adapted by Rod “Ludwigsburger Weltmaschine”. Serling and Bernard Schoenfeld Hahn explained his design in the for a 1964 episode of “The magazine Der Teutschen Merkur Twilight Zone,” entitled “From (The German Mercury, 1779, Agnes – with Love”, and again in No. 2), which probably Chuck Peddle (2013). Photo 1974 in “Rex Harrison Presents influenced a similar but by Jason Scott. CC BY 2.0. Stories of Love”, a pilot for an improved calculator design by anthology TV series. Commodore’s founder, Jack Johann Helfrich von Müller [Jan EPICAC also turned up in Tramiel [Dec 13], was a tough 16]. In fact, Hahn subsequently Vonnegut’s novel “Player Piano” man to work for, and Peddle accused Müller of stealing his (1952). work, but Müller denied it. briefly quit twice in the late 1970’s. The first time (1978), he One of his patrons, Herzog Carl went to work for Steve Jobs [Feb Eugen von Württemberg, called 24] at Apple, as the Lead Hironobu Hahn “the watchmaker God”. Development Engineer for the Lisa [Jan 19]. After a few months Sakaguchi he returned to Commodore. Born: Nov. 25, 1962; In 1982, BYTE magazine said, Charles (Chuck) Hitachi, Ibaraki, Japan “More than any other person Ingerham Peddle Chuck Peddle deserves to be Sakaguchi sketched out the called the founder of the initial concepts for the "Final Born: Nov. 25, 1937; personal computer industry”. Fantasy" series, and produced Bangor, Maine several entries in the franchise. Died: Dec. 15, 2019 Peddle’s original family name was “Piddle”, derived from the He had wanted to make a role- Peddle was the main designer of River Piddle in the UK. After playing game for some time, the MOS 6502 chip [Sept 16], moving to Canada, his inspired by Ultima [Sept 2]; and used it to develop the KIM- grandfather discovered that [Aug 24] and Wizardry [Sept 1 [April 00], and its better “piddle” was slang for urination, 00], but his employer Square known successor, the so changed their name. only agreed after the Commodore PET [April 15]. commercial success of "Dragon In the early 1970's, Peddle had Quest" [May 27]. worked on Motorola's expensive Sakaguchi brought on board ($300) 6800 processor [March fellow game designers Koichi 7], and afterwards wanted to Ishii and Akitoshi Kawazu. design a cheaper alternative. Kawazu was mainly responsible Management was less than 1 for the battle system, while Ishii computers talks of being in added the notion of four negotiation with King to buy the crystals, governing earth, air, machine. However, a real-world fire, and water. collector would be out of luck. King shipped his Wang to Sakaguchi made his debut as a California in the late 1990's for film director with “Final data retrieval, and never got it Fantasy: The Spirits Within” back. (2001). It was both the first photorealistic computer- The machine described in “The animated feature, and the most Word Processor” story is built expensive video game-inspired from assorted spare parts of no movie at the time. Despite some particular brand, which might positive reviews, the film did explain its magical capabilities. poorly at the box-office. During the 2015 Game Developers Conference , a mock video presentation explained how the success of "Final Fantasy" had prevented Sakaguchi from pursuing his life- long dream of becoming a hip- hop artist. Word Processor of the Gods Nov. 25, 1984 The short story, “The Word Processor”, by Stephen King [March 14], was published in the Jan. 1983 issue of Playboy magazine [May 20], probably making it the earliest fictional treatment of word processing. The story was later retitled “Word Processor of the Gods” and appeared in King’s 1985 collection “Skeleton Crew”. It was also adapted into an episode of the “Tales from the Darkside” TV series, first broadcast on this day. A 1980's picture of King in his office gives an indication of his word processing setup at the time – behind him, on a large desk, is probably a Wang OIS (Office Information System) 125A [Feb 7], and its accompanying 5536 terminal. The OIS supported numerous peripherals, including printers, and disk and tape drives, and could be programmed using Wang BASIC, Z80 assembler, or PL/M-80 [May 19]. King’s large Wang also featured in the novel, “Pattern Recognition” (2003) by William Gibson [Sept 3]. A dealer in old 2 .
Recommended publications
  • New Book on Commodore’S First Computer, the Bil Herd — AKA “The Animal,” He PET
    Fort Worth Dallas Atari, and Nintendo. Designer of New Book on Commodore’s first computer, the Bil Herd — AKA “The Animal,” he PET. His relationship with Jack designed the ill-fated Plus/4 Commodore Tramiel eventually soured with computer and later went on to disastrous consequences. design the Commodore 128. Known About the Book to wrestle executives in the hallways September 2005 Robert Yannes — Frustrated of Commodore. Responsible for The Spectacular Rise and Fall of musician and synthesizer aficionado. many holes in the walls of Commodore tells the story of Designed the Commodore 64 and Commodore headquarters. Commodore through first-hand its famous sound chip, the SID. accounts by the actual Commodore Jay Miner — Brilliant ex-Atari engineers and managers who made Al Charpentier — Chain smoking engineer responsible for the Atari the company. From their entry into computer graphics pioneer and 800 computer. Co-designer of the computers in 1976 until their demise architect of the VIC and VIC-II Atari 2600. Inventor of the ground in 1994, the Commodore years were chips. breaking Amiga computer for always turbulent and exciting. Commodore. All his projects were Commodore had astounding success Thomas Rattigan — One time co-designed by his faithful dog and with their computers, including the President and CEO of Commodore official Commodore employee, Pet, the Vic-20, the Commodore 64 computers who saved the company Mitchy. and the incredible Amiga computers. from bankruptcy, only to collide Although other companies received with financier Irving Gould. On his George Robbins — Designer of the more press, Commodore sold more last day with Commodore he was low cost Amiga 500 computer.
    [Show full text]
  • IEEE Spectrum: 25 Microchip
    IEEE Spectrum: 25 Microchips That Shook the World http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/print/8747 Sponsored By Select Font Size: A A A 25 Microchips That Shook the World By Brian R. Santo This is part of IEEE Spectrum 's Special Report: 25 Microchips That Shook the World . In microchip design, as in life, small things sometimes add up to big things. Dream up a clever microcircuit, get it sculpted in a sliver of silicon, and your little creation may unleash a technological revolution. It happened with the Intel 8088 microprocessor. And the Mostek MK4096 4-kilobit DRAM. And the Texas Instruments TMS32010 digital signal processor. Among the many great chips that have emerged from fabs during the half-century reign of the integrated circuit, a small group stands out. Their designs proved so cutting-edge, so out of the box, so ahead of their time, that we are left groping for more technology clichés to describe them. Suffice it to say that they gave us the technology that made our brief, otherwise tedious existence in this universe worth living. We’ve compiled here a list of 25 ICs that we think deserve the best spot on the mantelpiece of the house that Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce built. Some have become enduring objects of worship among the chiperati: the Signetics 555 timer, for example. Others, such as the Fairchild 741 operational amplifier, became textbook design examples. Some, like Microchip Technology’s PIC microcontrollers, have sold billions, and are still doing so. A precious few, like Toshiba’s flash memory, created whole new markets.
    [Show full text]
  • Microprocessors in the 1970'S
    Part II 1970's -- The Altair/Apple Era. 3/1 3/2 Part II 1970’s -- The Altair/Apple era Figure 3.1: A graphical history of personal computers in the 1970’s, the MITS Altair and Apple Computer era. Microprocessors in the 1970’s 3/3 Figure 3.2: Andrew S. Grove, Robert N. Noyce and Gordon E. Moore. Figure 3.3: Marcian E. “Ted” Hoff. Photographs are courtesy of Intel Corporation. 3/4 Part II 1970’s -- The Altair/Apple era Figure 3.4: The Intel MCS-4 (Micro Computer System 4) basic system. Figure 3.5: A photomicrograph of the Intel 4004 microprocessor. Photographs are courtesy of Intel Corporation. Chapter 3 Microprocessors in the 1970's The creation of the transistor in 1947 and the development of the integrated circuit in 1958/59, is the technology that formed the basis for the microprocessor. Initially the technology only enabled a restricted number of components on a single chip. However this changed significantly in the following years. The technology evolved from Small Scale Integration (SSI) in the early 1960's to Medium Scale Integration (MSI) with a few hundred components in the mid 1960's. By the late 1960's LSI (Large Scale Integration) chips with thousands of components had occurred. This rapid increase in the number of components in an integrated circuit led to what became known as Moore’s Law. The concept of this law was described by Gordon Moore in an article entitled “Cramming More Components Onto Integrated Circuits” in the April 1965 issue of Electronics magazine [338].
    [Show full text]
  • The Ultimate C64 Overview Michael Steil, 25Th Chaos Communication Congress 2008
    The Ultimate C64 Overview Michael Steil, http://www.pagetable.com/ 25th Chaos Communication Congress 2008 Retrocomputing is cool as never before. People play Look and Feel C64 games in emulators and listen to SID music, but few people know much about the C64 architecture A C64 only needs to be connected to power and a TV and its limitations, and what programming was like set (or monitor) to be fully functional. When turned back then. This paper attempts to give a comprehen- on, it shows a blue-on-blue theme with a startup mes- sive overview of the Commodore 64, including its in- sage and drops into a BASIC interpreter derived from ternals and quirks, making the point that classic Microsoft BASIC. In order to load and save BASIC computer systems aren't all that hard to understand - programs or use third party software, the C64 re- and that programmers today should be more aware of quires mass storage - either a “datasette” cassette the art that programming once used to be. tape drive or a disk drive like the 5.25" Commodore 1541. Commodore History Unless the user really wanted to interact with the BA- SIC interpreter, he would typically only use the BA- Commodore Business Machines was founded in 1962 SIC instructions LOAD, LIST and RUN in order to by Jack Tramiel. The company specialized on elec- access mass storage. LOAD"$",8 followed by LIST tronic calculators, and in 1976, Commodore bought shows the directory of the disk in the drive, and the chip manufacturer MOS Technology and decided LOAD"filename",8 followed by RUN would load and to have Chuck Peddle from MOS evolve their KIM-1 start a program.
    [Show full text]
  • Thedagit Blog: Dagit.Github.Io Motorola in 1970’S
    Jason Dagit Twitter: @thedagit Blog: dagit.github.io Motorola in 1970’s * 1971 Microprocessor project starts * Chuck Peddle joined in 1973 as an engineer * In 1974, Chuck grew Frustrated with management For ignoring customers (asking For $25 processor) * $300 in 1974 is $1300 in 2010 2 6500 Project at MOS * Chuck Peddle, Bill Mensch, and 6 other engineers leFt Motorola * MOS was eager to break into processor market * Based on Motorola 6800 experience * Goals: * Needed to outperform 6800 * Cheaper than 6800 * Every interested engineer and hobbyist can get access 3 Lowering the Cost * Size = money * 3510 transistors (modern CPUs use billions!) * Defect rate at the time of 70% * Morally the first RISC processor 4 Defect Rate * In 1970’s processors were designed by hand * Images had to be reduced to fit on the waFer * MOS developed a process For clariFying reduction at each step * 70% Failure rate during Fabrication è 70% success rate * Bill Mensch: Legendary layout engineer 5 6 RISC Processor * Simplified addressing modes * Dropped 16bit index register * Three-state control oF bus removed * Only the essential instructions: 56 instructions * Not completely true: included non-essential BCD arithmetic * Very Few registers: PC, SP, A, X, Y, Status 7 Instruction Set 8 Improvements over 6800 * Pipelining * Zero-page addressing * Allowed indirect indexing to give 128 pseudo registers * Faster than normal memory access * Programmers trained on the 6800 found the 6502 intuitive * Almost the same clock speed, but nearly 4x the computational power 9 Marketplace
    [Show full text]
  • “Chuck” Peddle
    Oral History of Charles Ingerham “Chuck” Peddle Interviewed by: Douglas Fairbairn and Stephen Diamond Recorded: June 12, 2014 Mountain View, California CHM Reference number: X7180.2014 © 2014 Computer History Museum Oral History of Charles Ingerham “Chuck” Peddle Doug Fairbairn: OK. So it's June 12, 2014. We're here at the Computer History Museum. I'm Doug Fairbairn and we're talking with Chuck Peddle, who's the creator of a number of very important things in the microprocessor and personal computer and other things we'll be discussing as part of this oral history. So Chuck, we're delighted to have you here. And thank you for coming over and spending the time with us. Chuck Peddle: Yeah I'd like to go on record right now saying what you guys are doing-- the idea about getting all the old men to come over and talk-- is a great idea. I don't know who came up with it, but it really is something that needs to happen. And it's consistent with-- Fairbairn: Well thank you. Peddle: --it's consistent with what you're doing with the museum. But catching these guys while they're still alive-- I suspect you thought probably Jobs brought it home to you. Stephen Diamond: Well we actually didn't get Jobs in an oral history like this-- Peddle: That's what I'm saying. That's what I'm saying. Fairbairn: --but that's an example. Peddle: Yeah, I think that may have been one of the things that triggered you starting it.
    [Show full text]
  • MOS Technology – 1974 to 1976 3 Shovel Jobs Anymore,” He Says
    C H A P T E R 11 MMOOSS TTeecchhnnoollooggyy 11997744 ttoo 11997766 i-tech companies need three players in order to succeed: a financier, a technology-God, and a juggernaut with a type-A H personality. Commodore would require these three ingredients to take them to a new level. They had Irving Gould, with his financial expertise and deep pockets. They had Jack, so aggressive people sometimes referred to him as the scariest man alive. All Commodore needed was a visionary engineer to take Commodore into a new field of technology. The Grey Wizard of the East n the 1970's, the image of a computer genius was not in the mold of I the young hacker we are familiar with today. Teenaged tycoons like Bill Gates had not filtered into the public consciousness, and WarGames (1983, MGM) was not yet released, with the prototypical computer hacker portrayed by Matthew Broderick. The accepted image of a technological genius was a middle-aged man with graying hair and glasses, preferably wearing a long white lab coat. Chuck Peddle was the image of a technology wizard, with his wire- frame glasses, white receding hairline, and slightly crooked teeth. At two hundred and fifty pounds, the five foot eleven inch engineer always struggled with his weight. Peddle describes himself at that time as “totally out of shape,” but he was characteristically optimistic and never without a joke or story to tell. Peddle possessed the ability to see further into the future than most of his contemporaries and he obsessively searched for the next big innovation.
    [Show full text]
  • Retro Magazine World 0
    CONTENTS "Seeing" retrogames through their sounds ◊ The I.C.L. One-Per-Desk computer Pag. 3 ◊ Evercade - Blaze Entertainment Everyone tells me that I always try to "see" the beauty of things Pag. 4 and I turn the difficulties I encounter into my strengths. ◊ PC Engine - The small giant from the Pag. 6 Land of Rising Sun And now I'm here, 40 years old, playing, having become blind, Pag. 8 with my head full of 8-bit memories. For once, a strength of mine ◊ The MOS 6502 CPU that doesn't come out of a difficulty but out of a lot of good ◊ Structuring old BASIC dialects with For- Pag. 12 memories. Next loops ◊ BASIC in a nutshell: waves on LM80C Pag. 14 I have always been tied to the sounds of those times, those and MSX-1 sounds that today are the only thing that reminds me the ◊ Grapheur 1.0 - Doing graphs with the Pag. 16 emotions of my teenage years, when the only thought was to Amstrad CPC come home from school to sit down in front of my MSX and later ◊ SpeedCalc 2019 - Like having Excel on a my Amiga 500 Plus and try out new games and software. Pag. 18 C64? Well, almost... How nice to remember the sound of the MSX cassette recorder ◊ Simulating PLOT X,Y in C64 bitmap Pag. 20 mode or Amiga's floppy drive head. ◊ May the FORTH be with us - part 3 Pag. 22 And what about this pandemic period, the first months of forced ◊ Basic 10-Liner Contest 2021 Pag.
    [Show full text]
  • ECE 471 – Embedded Systems Lecture 3
    ECE 471 { Embedded Systems Lecture 3 Vince Weaver http://web.eece.maine.edu/~vweaver [email protected] 4 September 2020 Announcements • HW#1 was posted, due Wednesday • After all the planning to make sure we'd fit in the room, only two people showed up for in-person lecture. So keep your cohort in mind but feel free to come to any lecture. • Working on getting parts together • There is some delay to posting the recorded videos, I'll post them as soon as I can. 1 • Don't forget Monday is Labor Day 2 Challenges vs Regular Systems • Programming in constrained environment (cross- compiling?) • Security • Safety • Real-time • Power consumption • Long-life (embedded device might be in use for decades) • Testing • Bug-fixing 3 The ARM Architecture 4 Brief ARM History • Acorn RISC Machine. Acorn was a computer company in the UK in the 1980s • Wanted a chip to succeed 6502. Decided to make one themselves. (Good idea, 65816 a pain and only 16-bit) • 6502 was the chip in Commodore 64, Apple II, NES, Atari 2600 • Fun fact: 6502 design led by UMaine alum Chuck Peddle • Bought by Softbank (Japan) in 2016 • Softbank possibly in talks to sell ARM to NVIDIA (2020) 5 RISC / CISC Discussion • Simple decode. Load/store. Fixed instruction width. 3-operand. • MIPS is classic RISC • x86 is classic CISC (with complex instructions) Though internally x86 executes uops, RISC • ARM (predication, auto-increment, barrel shifter) Called RISC but has complex instructions 6 ARM Business Plan • IP Licensing company. Does not fab own chips. License to other companies • Other companies take the design, put on SoC, attach whatever other logic blocks are needed • Relatively small company compared to Intel which not only deigns the chip, but fabs, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • The Spectacular Rise and Fall of Commodore
    C H A P T E R 1199 TThhee SSaavviioorr ooff CCoommmmooddoorree 11998822 -- 11998855 ommodore failed to capitalize on the unmatched success of the C64, which was a games market. The C128 had virtually no game C development and did not transition C64 users into more powerful computers. It was time for Commodore to enter the 16-bit market. Jay Miner he man who originated the idea for Commodore’s next generation Thardware did not work for Commodore. In fact, he was working for Commodore’s nemesis, Atari, when he conceived of the revolutionary new computer. Jay Glenn Miner was born May 31, 1932 in Prescott, Arizona. This made him part of Chuck Peddle and Jack Tramiel’s generation, rather than the generation that had created Commodore’s most recent hits. A few years after his birth, Miner’s family moved to Southern California. After graduating high school, he signed up for the Coast Guard, which took him to Groton, Connecticut for military training. While there, he met Caroline Poplawski and married her in 1952. Like Tramiel, Miner served in the military during the Korean War. Miner received his first taste of electronics at Groton in the Coast Guard’s Electronics Technician School. After completing the six-month course, he joined the North Atlantic Weather Patrol where he jumped from island to island by boat and helicopter, repairing damaged radar stations and radio installations. With little to distract him, he immersed his young mind in electronics. After serving three years in the barren North Atlantic, Miner enrolled at the University of California, Berkeley in engineering.
    [Show full text]
  • Porty, Bajty, Osmibity Edice CZ.NIC Martin Malý Martin Osmibity Bajty, Porty, Počítače Na Koleni PORTY, BAJTY, OSMIBITY Počítače Na Koleni
    Martin Malý Porty, bajty, Porty, bajty, osmibityPorty, bajty, osmibity Počítače na koleni Martin Malý Edice CZ.NIC PORTY, BAJTY, OSMIBITY Počítače na koleni Martin Malý Vydavatel: CZ.NIC, z. s. p. o. Milešovská 5, 130 00 Praha 3 Edice CZ.NIC www.nic.cz 1. vydání, Praha 2019 Kniha vyšla jako 21. publikace v Edici CZ.NIC. ISBN 978-80-88168-39-3 © 2019 Martin Malý Toto autorské dílo podléhá licenci Creative Commons (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nd/3.0/cz/), a to za předpokladu, že zůstane zachováno označení autora díla a prvního vyda- vatele díla, sdružení CZ.NIC, z. s. p. o. Dílo může být překládáno a následně šířeno v písemné či elektronické formě na území kteréhokoliv státu. — Martin Malý Porty, bajty, osmibity Počítače na koleni — Edice CZ.NIC Poděkování — Poděkování Poděkování Děkuji svému nakladateli za důvěru a péči, věnovanou této knize. Děkuji všem, kteří mi s psaním knihy fandili. Dodávali mi sílu, když bylo psaní nekonečné. Děkuji všem, co přečetli rukopis a přispěli poznámkami. Díky nim je kniha o něco jasnější a sro- zumitelnější. Děkuji designérům Davidu Švejdovi a Jakubu Goldmannovi za návrh a vypracování grafických inzerátů ve stylu počítačových časopisů z 80. let. Děkuji Míše, že se mnou proces psaní vydržela. Už podruhé. 7 — Poděkování 8 Předmluva vydavatele — Předmluva vydavatele Předmluva vydavatele Vážení čtenáři, dostává se vám do rukou druhá kniha od Martina Malého, která je, dá se říct, volným pokračo- váním jeho publikace Hradla, volty, jednočipy. Jak napovídá již název této knihy – Porty, bajty, osmibity, autor popisuje své zkušenosti s osmibitovými mikrokontrolery a počítači a pokouší se je předat svým čtenářům.
    [Show full text]
  • TPUG Newsletter
    TPUG Newsletter Views and News of Toronto Pet Users Group c/o John Easton, 258 Lake Promenade, Etobicoke, Ontario, M8W 1B3 phone (416) 251-1511 Fall — 2014 From your President Greetings. not had my VIC for very long though number of people that turned up that when a friend of mine got a C64. It took day. For those that do not know me, my years of prodding my parents but I fi- name is Ian Colquhoun and I was elect- nally got a C64C for Christmas 1987. So here we are in 2014, ten years later. ed by the TPUG Board of Directors back Extremely late in the scheme of things, I am pleased to be given the opportuni- in the late spring to be the club’s next but I was happy. A 1541-II arrived 6 ty to lead such a great group of people. president. months later for my birthday. I was set! Already in 2014 we have made some great progress for TPUG’s future. At Before I introduce myself though, I I ran a BBS on my 64 (running Dark- the end of June we were able to close would like to thank Greg Van Laere for Star v3.1) from mid 1988 until early the TPUG locker where we had been his leadership and hard work as club 1994 when college was more important storing our “inventory”. Leif Bloomquist president since he took that post in than trying to keep my board up for the and a small team went through every- 2007.
    [Show full text]