“Chuck” Peddle
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New Book on Commodore’S First Computer, the Bil Herd — AKA “The Animal,” He PET
Fort Worth Dallas Atari, and Nintendo. Designer of New Book on Commodore’s first computer, the Bil Herd — AKA “The Animal,” he PET. His relationship with Jack designed the ill-fated Plus/4 Commodore Tramiel eventually soured with computer and later went on to disastrous consequences. design the Commodore 128. Known About the Book to wrestle executives in the hallways September 2005 Robert Yannes — Frustrated of Commodore. Responsible for The Spectacular Rise and Fall of musician and synthesizer aficionado. many holes in the walls of Commodore tells the story of Designed the Commodore 64 and Commodore headquarters. Commodore through first-hand its famous sound chip, the SID. accounts by the actual Commodore Jay Miner — Brilliant ex-Atari engineers and managers who made Al Charpentier — Chain smoking engineer responsible for the Atari the company. From their entry into computer graphics pioneer and 800 computer. Co-designer of the computers in 1976 until their demise architect of the VIC and VIC-II Atari 2600. Inventor of the ground in 1994, the Commodore years were chips. breaking Amiga computer for always turbulent and exciting. Commodore. All his projects were Commodore had astounding success Thomas Rattigan — One time co-designed by his faithful dog and with their computers, including the President and CEO of Commodore official Commodore employee, Pet, the Vic-20, the Commodore 64 computers who saved the company Mitchy. and the incredible Amiga computers. from bankruptcy, only to collide Although other companies received with financier Irving Gould. On his George Robbins — Designer of the more press, Commodore sold more last day with Commodore he was low cost Amiga 500 computer. -
Evaluation of the Computer Operations of the Regional Planning Office, Arusha Region
Evaluation of the Computer Operations of the Regional Planning Office, Arusha Region Report and Recommendations Report Prepared By The Regional Planning Office, Arusha Region August 1982 Regional Commissioner's Office Arusha Region P.O. Box 3050 ARUSHA TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1 WORK ACCOMPLISHEDITO DATE 2 THE ARUSHA REGIONAL PLANNING MDEL•. EVALUATION. • • . • • • • • .• .• • . " " " *" "3* CHAPTER TWO TERMS OF REFERENCE 5 CHAPTER THREE FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 7 7 LISTING OF ACTIVITIES TO DATE . .o OF EQUIPMENT AND COSTS ....... • . • • 7 INVENTORY 7 Ohio Scientific ChallengerlI11...... .. Apple II Plus . ... 7 INVENTORY OF TRAINING THAT HAS TAKEN PLACE, AND . 8 ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT LEVELS OF SKILLS . o 8 Assessment of Current Level of Skills PROGRAM OF ACTIVITIES FOR 1982/83 . o.. ... .. 9 Arusha Regional Planning Model . 9 Manpower Management . ... ... .. .. .. 10 Financial Management. ....... .. .. 10 Village Profile Information . 11 Water Syatems Inventory **•• ***** *e**** 11 Rainfall Statistics . 11 Word Processor . * e o e a a e * o o 9 * 9 o 9 11 Potential Uses of the Regional Planning 11 Office Computers . ... ASSESSMENT OF TRAINING NEEDS AND TRAINING POSSIBILITIES: LOCAL, OVERSEAS, NATIONAL . 12 Training Needs . o . .. 12 Training Opportunities: Proposed Program . 12 COMPUTER EQUIPMENT SUPPORT: PROCEDURES AND SOURCES OF SUPPORT FOR MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS . • . 14 Local Servicing .... .... ........ 14 National Support . ..... ..... , , . 14 Overseas Procurement and Repair . , . , . , 15 Procedures o o . o . o . 0 0 15 COMPUTER SOFTWARE SUPPORT o * * *.*.9 9 . .. 16 STAFFING NEEDS OF THE REGIONAL PLANNING OFFICE COMPUTER OPERATIONS .. 16 SOURCES OF FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE REGIONAL PLANNING OFFICE COMPUTER OPERATIONS . ......... 17 MEANS THROUGH WHICH THE COMPUTERS COULD BE OF USE TO THE DISTRICTS IN ARUSHA REGION . -
IEEE Spectrum: 25 Microchip
IEEE Spectrum: 25 Microchips That Shook the World http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/print/8747 Sponsored By Select Font Size: A A A 25 Microchips That Shook the World By Brian R. Santo This is part of IEEE Spectrum 's Special Report: 25 Microchips That Shook the World . In microchip design, as in life, small things sometimes add up to big things. Dream up a clever microcircuit, get it sculpted in a sliver of silicon, and your little creation may unleash a technological revolution. It happened with the Intel 8088 microprocessor. And the Mostek MK4096 4-kilobit DRAM. And the Texas Instruments TMS32010 digital signal processor. Among the many great chips that have emerged from fabs during the half-century reign of the integrated circuit, a small group stands out. Their designs proved so cutting-edge, so out of the box, so ahead of their time, that we are left groping for more technology clichés to describe them. Suffice it to say that they gave us the technology that made our brief, otherwise tedious existence in this universe worth living. We’ve compiled here a list of 25 ICs that we think deserve the best spot on the mantelpiece of the house that Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce built. Some have become enduring objects of worship among the chiperati: the Signetics 555 timer, for example. Others, such as the Fairchild 741 operational amplifier, became textbook design examples. Some, like Microchip Technology’s PIC microcontrollers, have sold billions, and are still doing so. A precious few, like Toshiba’s flash memory, created whole new markets. -
Nov. 25Th MOS Technology [Sept 9], Where Nov
supportive, so he, Bill Mensch [Feb 9], and five others, left for EPICAC Nov. 25th MOS Technology [Sept 9], where Nov. 25, 1950 Peddle headed a team working on the 650x family of “EPICAC” is a short story by Kurt Philipp Matthäus processors. The most famous Vonnegut which was published member of that family was the on this day in Collier’s Weekly. Hahn 6502, released in 1976, which could be purchased for roughly EPICAC is the largest, smartest Born: Nov. 25, 1739; 15% of the price of an Intel 8080 computer on Earth, and is given Scharnhausen, Germany [April 18]. Not surprisingly, it the part-time job of writing poetry for the story's narrator Died: May 2, 1790 soon found use in a multitude of products, including the Apple II (and EPICAC operator) to give to Hahn was a priest and also a [June 5], VIC-20 [May 00], NES Pat, his girlfriend. An renowned clockmaker and [Oct 18], Atari 8-bit computers unintended side-effect is that inventor. He designed the first [Nov 00], many arcade games, EPICAC learns to love Pat, but popular mechanical calculator and the BBC Micro [Dec 1]. also realizes that she cannot based on Leibniz’s Stepped reciprocate that love for a mere Reckoner [July 1], which he first machine. EPICAC short- got working in 1773, although circuiting himself to end the he spent a few more years misery. making the tens-carry mechanism reliable, partly by The story was published four reshaping the rectangular years after ENIAC was unveiled machine to be circular. -
Microprocessors in the 1970'S
Part II 1970's -- The Altair/Apple Era. 3/1 3/2 Part II 1970’s -- The Altair/Apple era Figure 3.1: A graphical history of personal computers in the 1970’s, the MITS Altair and Apple Computer era. Microprocessors in the 1970’s 3/3 Figure 3.2: Andrew S. Grove, Robert N. Noyce and Gordon E. Moore. Figure 3.3: Marcian E. “Ted” Hoff. Photographs are courtesy of Intel Corporation. 3/4 Part II 1970’s -- The Altair/Apple era Figure 3.4: The Intel MCS-4 (Micro Computer System 4) basic system. Figure 3.5: A photomicrograph of the Intel 4004 microprocessor. Photographs are courtesy of Intel Corporation. Chapter 3 Microprocessors in the 1970's The creation of the transistor in 1947 and the development of the integrated circuit in 1958/59, is the technology that formed the basis for the microprocessor. Initially the technology only enabled a restricted number of components on a single chip. However this changed significantly in the following years. The technology evolved from Small Scale Integration (SSI) in the early 1960's to Medium Scale Integration (MSI) with a few hundred components in the mid 1960's. By the late 1960's LSI (Large Scale Integration) chips with thousands of components had occurred. This rapid increase in the number of components in an integrated circuit led to what became known as Moore’s Law. The concept of this law was described by Gordon Moore in an article entitled “Cramming More Components Onto Integrated Circuits” in the April 1965 issue of Electronics magazine [338]. -
The 6502 Journal
NO. 33 $2.00 FEBRUARY 1981 THE 6502 JOURNAL eart of Applesoft PET String Flip crease KIM-1 Versatility at Low Cost Atari Assembler AA CIPSound Idea Simple Securities Manager for the Apple You probably know optimization, and, since about the SoftCard — our it doesn’t require a “P- ingenious circuit card that code” interpreter at run converts an Apple If® into a time, your programs will Z-80® machine running typically execute 2-3 CP/M® times faster than with You may even know Apple FORTRAN. that with the SoftCard, you get Microsoft’s FORTRAN is easy to powerful BASIC — extended to support learn if you know BASIC, Apple graphics and many other features. and the package in Now, whenever you’re ready to get beyond the cludes a huge library of BASICs, the SoftCard can take you into whole floating point, math, new realms. Starting with two advanced and I/O routines language packages from Microsoft. you can use in all FORTRAN AND your programs. COBOL TO GO. COBOL-8O Now you can run the Virtually the only choice for world's most popular serious business data processing. engineering/scientific lan It’s ANS11974 standard COBOL, with many user-oriented guage and the most popular features added: formatted screen support for CRT termi business language on your nals, simple segmenting of very large programs, powerful Apple. Think what that means: you can choose from liter file handling capability, trace debugging, and much ally thousands of “off-the-shelf" applications programs, more. A separate Sort package is coming soon. -
The Ultimate C64 Overview Michael Steil, 25Th Chaos Communication Congress 2008
The Ultimate C64 Overview Michael Steil, http://www.pagetable.com/ 25th Chaos Communication Congress 2008 Retrocomputing is cool as never before. People play Look and Feel C64 games in emulators and listen to SID music, but few people know much about the C64 architecture A C64 only needs to be connected to power and a TV and its limitations, and what programming was like set (or monitor) to be fully functional. When turned back then. This paper attempts to give a comprehen- on, it shows a blue-on-blue theme with a startup mes- sive overview of the Commodore 64, including its in- sage and drops into a BASIC interpreter derived from ternals and quirks, making the point that classic Microsoft BASIC. In order to load and save BASIC computer systems aren't all that hard to understand - programs or use third party software, the C64 re- and that programmers today should be more aware of quires mass storage - either a “datasette” cassette the art that programming once used to be. tape drive or a disk drive like the 5.25" Commodore 1541. Commodore History Unless the user really wanted to interact with the BA- SIC interpreter, he would typically only use the BA- Commodore Business Machines was founded in 1962 SIC instructions LOAD, LIST and RUN in order to by Jack Tramiel. The company specialized on elec- access mass storage. LOAD"$",8 followed by LIST tronic calculators, and in 1976, Commodore bought shows the directory of the disk in the drive, and the chip manufacturer MOS Technology and decided LOAD"filename",8 followed by RUN would load and to have Chuck Peddle from MOS evolve their KIM-1 start a program. -
Computers and the Classroom. a Resource Guide. INSTITUTION .CEMREL, Inc., St
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 230 167 ZR 010 679 .Computers and the Classroom. A Resource Guide. INSTITUTION .CEMREL, Inc., St. Louis, Mo.; Wisconsin Center for Education Research, Madison.; WisconsinState Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison. REPORT NO WpPI-Bull-3109 PUB DATE Oct 82 f NOTE 117p.; Prepared b'y the Wisconsin Dissemination Project. PUB TYPE, Reference Materials- Bibliographies (131) -- Reference Materials - Directories/Catalogs (132 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC05 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Annotated Bibliographies; *Computer Assisted Instruction; *Computer Literacy; *Computer Managed Instruction; *Computer Oriented Programs;Computer Programs; Computers; Information Networks; *Information Soutces; Media Selection; Organizations (Groups); Program Descriptions; *Resource Materials IDENTIFIERS Wisconsin Department .of Public Instruction ABSTRACT Designed for use'by educators trying to establishor find networks providingaccess to educational computing information and avenues for the exchange of ideas and experiences,*thiiguide 6brings together and describes several differenttypes of resources to provide a base from which other'contactscan be made. The resources listed focus on instructional computing inclassrooms and instructional media centers;,they include journalarticles, ERIC documents, books, knstructionalprograms, computer organizations,, computer journals,°and Department of Public Instruction (DPI) consultants. Many of the programs describedwere funded as ESEA Title IV projects and others were recommended byDPI subject consultants; except -
Thedagit Blog: Dagit.Github.Io Motorola in 1970’S
Jason Dagit Twitter: @thedagit Blog: dagit.github.io Motorola in 1970’s * 1971 Microprocessor project starts * Chuck Peddle joined in 1973 as an engineer * In 1974, Chuck grew Frustrated with management For ignoring customers (asking For $25 processor) * $300 in 1974 is $1300 in 2010 2 6500 Project at MOS * Chuck Peddle, Bill Mensch, and 6 other engineers leFt Motorola * MOS was eager to break into processor market * Based on Motorola 6800 experience * Goals: * Needed to outperform 6800 * Cheaper than 6800 * Every interested engineer and hobbyist can get access 3 Lowering the Cost * Size = money * 3510 transistors (modern CPUs use billions!) * Defect rate at the time of 70% * Morally the first RISC processor 4 Defect Rate * In 1970’s processors were designed by hand * Images had to be reduced to fit on the waFer * MOS developed a process For clariFying reduction at each step * 70% Failure rate during Fabrication è 70% success rate * Bill Mensch: Legendary layout engineer 5 6 RISC Processor * Simplified addressing modes * Dropped 16bit index register * Three-state control oF bus removed * Only the essential instructions: 56 instructions * Not completely true: included non-essential BCD arithmetic * Very Few registers: PC, SP, A, X, Y, Status 7 Instruction Set 8 Improvements over 6800 * Pipelining * Zero-page addressing * Allowed indirect indexing to give 128 pseudo registers * Faster than normal memory access * Programmers trained on the 6800 found the 6502 intuitive * Almost the same clock speed, but nearly 4x the computational power 9 Marketplace -
Extensions of Remarks 6687 Extensions of Remarks
April 23, 1998 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 6687 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS CAMPAIGN FINANCE REFORM replenished her spirit at the Carmel Mission mediately faced the dual challenges of restruc Basilica where she was a faithful parishioner. turing both a centralized economy and authori HON. RON KIND She cared for her fourteen grandchildren and tarian political system. Unlike the often erratic OF WISCONSIN five great-grandchildren with her own special progression of other post-Soviet nations, IN T HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES kind of gentle compassion, providing a model Ukraine has moved cautiously and steadily to of humanity that they will carry with them al ward a free-market economy and multi-party Thursday , Apr il 23, 1998 ways. democracy. Just last month, Ukraine success Mr. KIND. Mr. Speaker, the announcement Her death at the age of 87 was a loss, but fully held its first national Parliamentary elec by the House leadership to allow an open and her generous spirit will continue to warm and tions under a new democratic Constitution and honest debate on campaign finance reform nurture the community through the memories recently passed federal election law. Nearly has been cheered by editorials and reform ac she has left with us. seventy percent of the citizenry turned out to tivists throughout the country. I, however, am cast a ballot in this monumental election. withholding my enthusiasm. We have been Any transition of this magnitude, however, given false promises before and I will not cele RECOGNIZING GEORGE DICKINSON will naturally encounter both progress, as well brate until we actually take part in a truly open as setbacks. -
MOS Technology – 1974 to 1976 3 Shovel Jobs Anymore,” He Says
C H A P T E R 11 MMOOSS TTeecchhnnoollooggyy 11997744 ttoo 11997766 i-tech companies need three players in order to succeed: a financier, a technology-God, and a juggernaut with a type-A H personality. Commodore would require these three ingredients to take them to a new level. They had Irving Gould, with his financial expertise and deep pockets. They had Jack, so aggressive people sometimes referred to him as the scariest man alive. All Commodore needed was a visionary engineer to take Commodore into a new field of technology. The Grey Wizard of the East n the 1970's, the image of a computer genius was not in the mold of I the young hacker we are familiar with today. Teenaged tycoons like Bill Gates had not filtered into the public consciousness, and WarGames (1983, MGM) was not yet released, with the prototypical computer hacker portrayed by Matthew Broderick. The accepted image of a technological genius was a middle-aged man with graying hair and glasses, preferably wearing a long white lab coat. Chuck Peddle was the image of a technology wizard, with his wire- frame glasses, white receding hairline, and slightly crooked teeth. At two hundred and fifty pounds, the five foot eleven inch engineer always struggled with his weight. Peddle describes himself at that time as “totally out of shape,” but he was characteristically optimistic and never without a joke or story to tell. Peddle possessed the ability to see further into the future than most of his contemporaries and he obsessively searched for the next big innovation. -
Personal Computers: How Are They Used in the American Household
Fourth Floor Oklahoma State University Library PERSONAL COMPUTERS: HOW ARE THEY USED IN THE AMERICAN HOUSEHOLD by STANLEY KEITH WALTON Bachelor of Science Murray State University Murray, Kentucky 1978 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Department of Management College of Business Administration Oklaho ma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION May, 1984 Name: Stanley Keith Walton Date of Degree: May, 1984 Institution: Oklahoma State University Location: Stillwater, Oklahoma Title of Study: PERSONAL COMPUTERS: HOW ARE THEY USED IN THE AM ERICAN HOUSEHOLD Pages in Study: 100 Candidate for Degree of Master of Business Administration Major Field: Business Administration Scope and Method of Study: This study developes a "post purchase usage survey" for households that own personal computers. The survey was designed, conducted, and analyzed over a period of two months. Additionally, an in-depth look was taken at the entire computer revolution, personal computers, and the changing role households are playing in the computer revolution. Findings and Conclusions: Personal computers used in the Ame rican Household have passed the stage of primarily being used by hobbyist or for only playing games. Home users are adapting a wide varie ty of applications to home computers. However, the American consumer, for the most part, is willing to give up leisure time for pr ogramming activities. But, the consumer is willing to purchase woftware which will provide a similar utility. Nevertheless, these findings have enforced this r esearcher's belief that personal computers in t he American home have become the norm.