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Institutionalized Piracy and the Development of the Jamaica Sloop, 1630-1743 Amanda Michelle Evans

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Institutionalized Piracy and the Development of the Jamaica Sloop, 1630-1743 Amanda Michelle Evans Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2005 Institutionalized Piracy and the Development of the Jamaica Sloop, 1630-1743 Amanda Michelle Evans Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES INSTITUTIONALIZED PIRACY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE JAMAICA SLOOP, 1630-1743 By AMANDA M. EVANS A Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2005 The members of the Committee approve the Thesis of Amanda M. Evans defended on 4 March 2005. Cheryl A. Ward Professor Directing Thesis Margaret Leshikar-Denton Committee Member William Parkinson Committee Member Robinson Herrera Outside Committee Member Approved: Dean Falk, Chair, Anthropology Donald Foss, Dean, Arts and Sciences The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii For my parents. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank my committee members for the generous manner in which they offered their insights and suggested alternative directions for my research. In addition to my committee members, Della Scott-Ireton, Chris Horrell, Marcus Rediker, Roger Smith, and Jason Moser suggested supplemental resources and assisted me in locating publications. I would especially like to thank Matt Keith for reading earlier drafts of this thesis and providing constructive criticism. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................Page vii List of Figures ................................................................................................Page viii Abstract ......................................................................................................Page x 1. Technology, Adaptation and the Colonial Caribbean: Examining Past Human Behavior Through Ships ..............................................................Page 1 Colonial Adaptation....................................................................................Page 2 Maritime Technology and the Caribbean ...................................................Page 4 Agency and Cultural Ecology.....................................................................Page 6 2. Boundaries of Caribbean Piracy: Identity and Geography .............................Page 8 Transition from Privateers to Pirates ..........................................................Page 8 Physical Landscape of the West Indies.......................................................Page 12 Cultural Geography of the Caribbean.........................................................Page 20 Environment, Culture and Technology.......................................................Page 23 The Geography of Caribbean Piracy ..........................................................Page 28 3. Piracy, Capitalism and Technology: Caribbean Economics in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries....................................................................Page 29 The European Core and Peripheral Caribbean............................................Page 29 Piracy and Economics at the Local Level...................................................Page 32 Parasitic Piracy............................................................................................Page 33 Episodic Piracy ...........................................................................................Page 35 Intrinsic Piracy............................................................................................Page 39 An Independent Nation of Pirates...............................................................Page 41 Economic Implications of Foreign Policy ..................................................Page 42 4. Piracy and Governmental Policy ....................................................................Page 44 Naval Infrastructure and National Defense.................................................Page 44 Establishing a Permanent Western Caribbean Presence.............................Page 47 Towards the Interdiction of Piracy .............................................................Page 50 The Effects of Policy on Jamaican Colonists .............................................Page 53 5. Distinguishing Between Sloops: Refining the Abstract Concept of the Jamaica Sloop Page 55 The English Navy in the Seventeenth Century...........................................Page 56 Eighteenth-Century Naval Sloops...............................................................Page 64 v Vernacular Sloops in the Caribbean ...........................................................Page 66 Extracting Jamaica Sloops ..........................................................................Page 73 The Influence of Jamaica Sloops on the Royal Navy.................................Page 77 6. Conclusions and Future Research...................................................................Page 79 Jamaica’s Dependence Upon Pirates ..........................................................Page 81 Piracy as Social Catalyst.............................................................................Page 81 The Archaeology of Piracy .........................................................................Page 82 APPENDIX ................................................................................................Page 84 Glossary of Selected Terms ........................................................................Page 84 REFERENCES ................................................................................................Page 88 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ..............................................................................Page 97 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Landscape learning patterns vary among colonists in areas with and without pre- existing populations. ............................................................................................Page 3 Table 2: Comparison of the number and size of vessels in the English, French and Dutch navies. ................................................................................................Page 27 Table 3: Dimensions of selected sloops stationed in the West Indies. ...............Page 60 Table 4: First-rate ships were the largest of the naval classes. ............................Page 61 Table 5: Station assignments for the Royal Navy during the summer of 1678. ..Page 63 Table 6: Expected characteristics of Jamaica Sloops. .......................................Page 74 vii LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Map of the Caribbean (Parry 1963:329). .............................................Page 9 Figure 2: A physical map of the circum-Caribbean region illustrates the range of water depths and mountain chains. ..............................................................................Page 13 Figure 3: The Cayman Islands were plotted differently. .....................................Page 15 Figure 4: Ships sailing into and from the Caribbean region utilized a reliable system of water currents and winds (Greenwood 1992:12). ...............................................Page 17 Figure 5: Technology, social behavior and resource opportunities influence adaptive systems. ................................................................................................Page 24 Figure 6: Multiple choke points around the Caribbean restricted access through narrow channels (adapted from Galvin 1991:37). ...........................................................Page 25 Figure 7: Designed by Phinneas Pett, Sovereign of the Seas carried 102 guns (Gardiner 1992:12). ................................................................................................Page 58 Figure 8: Van de Velde the Younger painted a scene from the battle at La Hogue (Gardiner 1992:87). ...........................................................................................Page 64 Figure 9: HMS Ferrett, built in 1711, was a vessel in one of the first naval sloop classes (Chapelle 1967:52). ...........................................................................................Page 66 Figure 10: The painting Sloop off Boston Light by William Burgis (1729) depicts an early sloop in use in the Americas (Cordingly 1995: Plate 12). .................................Page 69 Figure 11: Paintings by Van de Velde depicted two-masted sloops of the Royal Navy (Baker 1966:43). ................................................................................................Page 69 Figure 12: Chapman recorded the hull of an eighteenth-century Bermuda sloop 65’ 6” in length (1971: plate LVII No. 15). .......................................................................Page 71 Figure 13: Chapman recorded the hull of an eighteenth-century French privateer 64’ in length (1971: plate XL No. 13). ..........................................................................Page 71 Figure 14: Chapman recorded the hull of an English West India trader 102’ in length (1971: Plate LII No. 2). ............................................................................Page 71 viii Figure 15: A basic design pattern can be extracted from features present in the 1711 sloop class including HMS Ferrett (top) Chapman’s French privateer lines (middle) and Bermuda sloop lines (bottom). ............................................................................Page 75 Figure 16: Jamaica
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