Supplementary Materials for A vulnerability-based approach to human-mobility reduction for countering COVID-19 transmission in London while considering local air quality Manu Sasidharan, Ajit Singh, Mehran Eskandari Torbaghan, Ajith Kumar Parlikad Correspondence to: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] This PDF file includes: Materials and Methods Figs. S1 to S2 Tables S1 Materials and Methods The currently available data (as of 31 March 2020) on COVID-19 morbidity and mortality for different NHS Hospital Trusts in London were utilized in this study [23,18]. The Office of National Statistics (A Baker, personal communication, 2020) confirmed that they are unable to provide COVID-19 related fatality data categorized by each London borough or local authority. To this end, the deaths reported by individual NHS Hospital Trusts in London were employed to inform the reported deaths for each London borough. The fatality rate across each London borough was estimated by dividing the number of reported deaths by the number of reported positive COVID-19 cases. Due to the unavailability of data, this study does not include the number of people who are self-isolating due to COVID-19 within the analysis. The air pollution data associated with particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) for each London borough was collected from [24]. An ecologic analysis was conducted to explore the correlation between short-term air pollution (PM2.5 and NO2 levels) and COVID-19 cases and fatality rate in each London borough. To this end, a linear regression model was fitted to the data for regions with more than 100 reported cases and 10 COVID-19 related deaths. The data associated with the closures of LU stations was collected from TfL’s publicly accessible dataset [18, 19, 25]. The PM2.5 levels at each LU stations was collected from [26]. Figure S1. Figure S1. Relationship between average a) NO2 and b) PM2.5 pollution concentrations and reported COVID-19 cases for different boroughs in London for March 2020. The grey bars show the monthly average of NO2 and PM2.5 concentrations and the line represent the cumulative number of reported COVID-19 cases in each London borough. Table S1. Mean PM2.5 Tube (T) level in the Status (as of Borough Line Station /Rail (R) station 31/03/2020) (μg m−3) Barking and District Becontree tube station T 6 Open Dagenham Barking and Dagenham Heathway tube District T 4 Open Dagenham station Barking and District Upney tube station T 3 Open Dagenham City of Central Bond Street tube station T 367 Open Westminster City of Central Oxford Circus tube station T 338 Open Westminster City of Northern Embankment tube station T 316 Open Westminster City of Edgware Road tube Bakerloo T 311 Open Westminster station (Bakerloo line) City of Victoria Green Park tube station T 308 Open Westminster City of Central Marble Arch tube station T 307 Open Westminster City of Tottenham Court Road Central T 298 Open Westminster tube station City of Victoria Oxford Circus tube station T 296 Open Westminster City of Leicester Square tube Northern T 287 Open Westminster station City of Bakerloo Baker Street tube station T 273 Open Westminster City of Bakerloo Maida Vale tube station T 268 Open Westminster City of Bakerloo Oxford Circus tube station T 263 Open Westminster City of Victoria London Victoria station T 253 Open Westminster City of Jubilee Bond Street tube station T 245 Open Westminster City of Piccadilly Circus tube Bakerloo T 244 Open Westminster station City of Jubilee Westminster tube station T 242 Open Westminster City of Tottenham Court Road Northern T 239 Open Westminster tube station City of Jubilee Green Park tube station T 236 Open Westminster City of Bakerloo Embankment tube station T 227 Open Westminster City of Piccadilly Circus tube Piccadilly T 176 Open Westminster station City of Jubilee Baker Street tube station T 174 Open Westminster City of Leicester Square tube Piccadilly T 148 Open Westminster station City of Piccadilly Green Park tube station T 144 Open Westminster City of St. John's Wood tube Jubilee T 131 Open Westminster station City of District Embankment tube station T 104 Open Westminster City of District Westminster tube station T 104 Open Westminster City of Circle Westminster tube station T 89 Open Westminster City of District London Victoria station T 75 Open Westminster City of Circle Embankment tube station T 61 Open Westminster City of Hammersmith Baker Street tube station T 57 Open Westminster & City City of Circle Baker Street tube station T 50 Open Westminster City of Metropolitan Baker Street tube station T 42 Open Westminster City of Circle London Victoria station T 42 Open Westminster Edgware Road tube City of Hammersmith station (Hammersmith & T 39 Open Westminster & City City lines) Paddington tube station City of Hammersmith (Hammersmith & City T 19 Open Westminster & City lines) Edgware Road tube City of station (Circle, District Circle T 10 Open Westminster and Hammersmith & City lines) City of Hammersmith Royal Oak tube station T 9 Open Westminster & City City of Paddington tube station Circle T 6 Open Westminster (Circle) City of Circle Royal Oak tube station T 4 Open Westminster City of Hammersmith Westbourne Park tube T 4 Open Westminster & City station City of Westbourne Park tube Circle T 3 Open Westminster station City of Circle Bayswater tube station T 3 Closed Westminster City of Covent Garden tube Piccadilly T 132 Closed Westminster station City of Great Portland Street tube Circle T 91 Closed Westminster station City of Great Portland Street tube Metropolitan T 48 Closed Westminster station City of Hammersmith Great Portland Street tube T 99 Closed Westminster & City station City of Hyde Park Corner tube Piccadilly T 148 Closed Westminster station City of Lancaster Gate tube Central T 260 Closed Westminster station City of Victoria Pimlico tube station T 460 Closed Westminster City of Central Queensway tube station T 277 Closed Westminster City of Bakerloo Regent's Park tube station T 243 Closed Westminster City of St. James's Park tube Circle T 53 Closed Westminster station City of St. James's Park tube District T 94 Closed Westminster station City of District Temple tube station T 82 Closed Westminster City of Circle Temple tube station T 14 Closed Westminster City of Warwick Avenue tube Bakerloo T 277 Closed Westminster station North Greenwich tube Greenwich Jubilee T 103 Open station Hammersmith Ladbroke Grove tube Circle T 5 Open & City station Havering District Elm Park tube station T 5 Open Havering District Hornchurch tube station T 3 Open Upminster Bridge tube Havering District T 2 Open station Heathrow Terminals 2 & Hillingdon Piccadilly T 50 Open 3 tube station Heathrow Terminal 4 tube Hillingdon Piccadilly T 47 Open station Hillingdon Piccadilly Hatton Cross tube station T 44 Open Hillingdon Metropolitan Uxbridge tube station T 31 Open Ruislip Manor tube Hillingdon Metropolitan T 30 Open station Hillingdon Metropolitan Eastcote tube station T 29 Open Hillingdon Metropolitan Ruislip tube station T 29 Open Hillingdon Metropolitan Hillingdon tube station T 28 Open Hillingdon Metropolitan Ickenham tube station T 28 Open Northwood Hills tube Hillingdon Metropolitan T 23 Open station Hillingdon Metropolitan Northwood tube station T 23 Open Ruislip Gardens tube Hillingdon Central T 19 Open station Kensington Gloucester Road tube Piccadilly T 147 Closed and Chelsea station Kensington Gloucester Road tube Circle T 5 Closed and Chelsea station Kensington Gloucester Road tube District T 24 Closed and Chelsea station Kensington Central Holland Park tube station T 123 Closed and Chelsea Kensington Notting Hill Gate tube Central T 200 Open and Chelsea station Kensington South Kensington tube Piccadilly T 178 Open and Chelsea station Kensington Piccadilly Knightsbridge tube station T 137 Open and Chelsea Kensington Piccadilly Earl's Court tube station T 105 Open and Chelsea Kensington District Sloane Square tube station T 57 Open and Chelsea Kensington South Kensington tube District T 45 Open and Chelsea station Kensington Circle Sloane Square tube station T 33 Open and Chelsea Kensington District Earl's Court tube station T 21 Open and Chelsea Kensington South Kensington tube Circle T 18 Open and Chelsea station Kensington High Street Kensington Circle T 4 Open and Chelsea tube station Kensington Hammersmith Latimer Road tube station T 4 Open and Chelsea & City Kensington Notting Hill Gate tube Circle T 3 Open and Chelsea station Kensington Ladbroke Grove tube Circle T 2 Open and Chelsea station Kensington Circle Latimer Road tube station T 2 Open and Chelsea Newbury Park tube Redbridge Central T 56 Open station Redbridge Central Gants Hill tube station T 55 Open Redbridge Central Redbridge tube station T 75 Closed Redbridge Central Wanstead tube station T 35 Open Redbridge Central Barkingside tube station T 31 Open Redbridge Central Fairlop tube station T 12 Open Redbridge Central Hainault tube station T 9 Open Redbridge Snaresbrook tube station T Open South Woodford tube Redbridge T Open station Redbridge Woodford tube station T Open Tower Central Mile End tube station T 186 Open Hamlets Tower District Tower Hill tube station T 91 Open Hamlets Tower District Mile End tube station T 82 Open Hamlets Tower District Aldgate East tube station T 64 Open Hamlets Tower Circle Tower Hill tube station T 59 Open Hamlets Tower Bromley-by-Bow tube District T 56 Open Hamlets station Tower Hammersmith Mile End tube station T 45 Open Hamlets & City Tower