247

Index

a c Active suspensions 89–100 Cambridge University Engineering fast active (wide bandwidth) 97–100 Department 230 slow active (narrow bandwidth) 93–97 Caterpillar Inc. 50, 108 ADM (Automatic Drive‐Train Management Central tyre inflation system (CTIS) 129 System) 203 Challenger hydrogas unit, Air springs characteristics 8–18 natural frequency 107 damper characteristics 11–13 ride height control 106 spring stiffness characteristics 9–11 stiffness 106 temperature effects 13–18 Anthony Best Dynamics 46 Coil springs Anti‐roll bars 117 nested 7 Armoured Personnel Carriers see also presetting or ‘scragging’ 6 Infantry Fighting Vehicle; tracked in bogie 7 FV432 27, 35, 38–40, 93 in trailing arm 6, 8 M113 44, 48, 52, 55, 219–220 Wahl factor 6 Spartan 38–40, 45–46, 48, 53, 74, wheeled, with 140–143 axles 105 Stormer 4, 20, 222 McPherson struts 107, 113 Warrior 1, 20, 33, 74, 75, 199 swing axles 105 Articulated vehicles, tracked 217–222 trailing arms 112, 113 BV 206 217 twin wishbones 107, 115 BVS 10 217 Cone penetrometer 180 COBRA–positiveCOPYRIGHTED pitch control 219 Controllable MATERIAL suspensions coupled M113s 219 active 91–100 Tucker SNO‐CAT 217 adaptive damping 91 UDES XX20 220 height and attitude control 89–91 Vityaz 221 semi‐active (controllable damping) 91 Articulated vehicles, wheeled 222–226 GOER 223 d MARV 224 Dampers Twister 224 friction 1, 19, 20, 94, 117, 131 Automotive products 94 hydraulic 1, 20, 129

High Speed Off-Road Vehicles: Suspensions, Tracks, Wheels and Dynamics, First Edition. Bruce Maclaurin © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Published 2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

index.indd 247 5/11/2018 7:39:17 PM 248 Index

DERA Suspension Performance Test k Courses 65 Kegresse flexible track 49 ramps 62 Citroen half‐track truck with Kegresse random 62 flexible track 49 sinewaves 62 Krauss Maffei Wegmann (KMW) 44 Differentials double 90, 133–137, 167, 173, 174 l free 166, 188, 211 Leaf springs 103, 104, 217, 227 limited slip 196, 203–208, 214, 215 bogie with swing axles 105 lockable 133, 203, 204, 210, 211, 214, 215 bogie with twin axles 103 Double differential types 133–137 equivalent viscous damping 131 Dowty Rotol 103, 110, 193 friction 131 Driver control arrangements for skid with swing axles 103 steering 146 Limited slip differentials 113, 196, DROPS (demountable rack offload and 203–205 pickup system) 103, 125, 127, 230 ADM (Automatic Drive‐Train Management System) 203 e frictional, load dependant 205–215 Electronic stability program (ESP) 168, 230 NoSpin 108, 166, 167 h velocity dependant 204 Human response to vibration and shock Liquid springs 93, 110–112 absorbed power 61, 63, 229 Lotus Engineering 97 BS 6841:1987 59–64, 70, 71, 78 m exposure action values 64 exposure limit values 64 Magic Formula 139–143, 158, 159, 170, ISO 2631–1 (1987) 63 198–201, 209 ISO 2631–5 (2004) 59.61, 63 track longitudinal force/slip root mean quad weighted 61 characteristics on roads 139–143 root mean square weighted 60 tyre combined force/slip characteristics vibration dose value 61 on roads (Sharp) 158, 159 vibration response weighting filters 59, 60 tyre longitudinal force/slip characteristics Hydrogas springs 6, 8–18, 85, 89, 90, 95, in cohesive soils 198–201 108, 113, 116, 118, 121 Main battle (MBTs) with external telescopic unit 19 Abrams 20, 31, 36, 89 in‐arm units 18, 19 7 twin cylinder units 18 Challenger 8–18, 26, 31, 32, 66, 76–79, 83–86 i 7, 34, 37, 39, 193, 194 Infantry Fighting Vehicle 1, 20, 115 Cromwell 6 Interconnected suspensions 116–122 K2 Black Panther 19 methods of interconnection 116–118 Khalid 7, 26, 27, 32 in pitch 117–119 Leclerc 18 in pitch Citroen 2CV 117–119 Leopard 2 1, 20, 21, 31, 33, 135 in roll 117 M 60 33 in roll and pitch 118 MBT‐70 89 six wheel interconnection 121, 122 Merkava 8, 26 in warp 119–122 Panther 4

index.indd 248 5/11/2018 7:39:17 PM Index 249

S‐ 89, 90 Renk MBT transmission 135 MAN trucks 105 Rollover 227–233 Mars rover ‘Curiosity’ 120–122 active anti‐roll bars 230, 232 Mean maximum pressure (MMP) 182, electronic Stability Programs 230 183, 187, 188 static Rollover Threshold (SRT) 227 Merritt steering model 136, 146, 159 tilt table 228 Mobile tester (DERA) 183, 188, 196–199, truck rollover; a case study 230 209 Mobility numbers s NC (WES cohesive soil) 182 SITV (Sprung idler test vehicle) 85–87 NM (DERA cohesive soil) 185, 225 Soils and surfaces 177, 178 NMS (DERA cohesive soil small tyre cohesive (wet clays) 177, 178 deflection) 186 frictional (dry sands) 178 NSN (NRMM frictional soil) 189 organic 177 NS (WES frictional soil) 189, 192 road (dry, wet, slippery, icy, split μ) 209 NT (DERA cohesive soil track snow 178 systems) 188 Soil strength measurement methods NTP (Tyre peak coefficient traction) 199 Bekker, M.G. 180 cone Index 180 n cone index gradient 189, 192 Nexter Systems 18, 91, 113, 156 cone penetrometer 180 NRMM (NATO Reference Mobility Coulomb 177 Model) 61–63, 177, 180, 182, 190, rating cone index 180 193, 195, 199 shear vane (shear strength) 192, 200 q Terzaghi (civil engineering) 178 QinetiQ tracked vehicle electric drive triaxial test (laboratory method) 200 steering system 154 Wong, J.Y. 180, 197 Quarter car model 68, 92, 123, 129 Soil/vehicle models damping 69 Bekker, M.G. 180 natural frequency 69, 124 FEM 180 RMS dynamic suspension MMP (Rowland) 182, 183 displacement 123 VCI (WES) 180–183 RMS dynamic tyre load 123 VLCI (DERA) 183–188 sprung/ unsprung weight 125 Wong, J.Y. 180, 197 tyre pressure 125 Space efficiency, tracks v wheels 194, 195 weighted RMS body acceleration 70, Sprung cab 129 124 t with wheelbase filter tracked 70 with wheelbase filter wheeled 126 Torque vectoring 166, 167, 169, 205 Torsion bars springs r presetting 2 Radial ply tyres stresses 3 rolling radius 199, 200 tracked rolling stiffness and damping 131, 132 transverse with trailing arms 2 soft soil performance (DERA mobile wheeled tester) 185 transverse with trailing arms 113 Reconnaissance Vehicle 115–117 twin wishbones 108

index.indd 249 5/11/2018 7:39:17 PM 250 Index

Track loadings w cross bending 29 Wheelbase filter 66–68, 70, 101, 126 tensile Wheeled vehicle driveline systems centrifugal 34 H‐drive 103, 107, 112, 113 duty cycle 34 I‐drive 103. 113–115 vehicle drive 29, 30, 36 Wheeled vehicles armoured Track pads 31–32 AMX 10RC 91, 113, 156, 157, 159, 195 Track performance Boxer 114, 115 noise and vibration 43–48 Ferret 113 rolling resistance, analytical 36–38 Fox 115 rolling resistance, experimental 38–43 Luchs 115 Tracks, flexible Panhard AML 112, 113 continuous, friction drive 50 Panhard EBR 113 continuous, sprocket drive 53–58 Piranha 113, 114 segmented 51, 52 Saladin 107 wrapped with single connector 50 Saracen 106 Tracks, link tracks Wheeled vehicles (unarmoured) double pin 28 Caterpillar mining truck 108 double bodies and three Euclid/Hitachi mining truck 110 connectors 29 Leyland DROPS 103, 125, 127, 129, single body and three connectors 29, 230, 231 30 MAN SX 8x8 105 single body and two connectors 28 Pinzgauer 105 weight 31 Range Rover 106, 107 single pin 23 Stalwart 107 needle bearings 26 Wheeled vehicle suspension systems plain pivot (dry pin) 26, 27 axle with coil springs and control rubber bushed 27, 28 links 105 Tracks, soucy flexible axle with leaf springs 103 DERA performance trials 53–56 double wishbones 107, 108 performance and durability with McPherson strut 107, 113 standard road and cross country swing axle 106 duty cycle 57 telescopic with integral steering Track wheels 32, 33 pivot 108 Tractive efficiency 50, 196, 208, 210 trailing arms with drive shaft 113 trailing arms with internal v transmission gearing 112, 113 Vedovelli Priestley 133, 154 ZF 206, 208

index.indd 250 5/11/2018 7:39:17 PM