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The Key to the Kalevala the Key to the Kalevala Pekka Ervast

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The Key to the Kalevala the Key to the Kalevala Pekka Ervast The Key to the Kalevala The Key to the Kalevala PEKKA ERVAST Translation by Tapio Joensuu Edited by John Major Jenkins Literary Society of the Finnish Rosy Cross 2018 The Key to the Kalevala by Pekka Ervast English translation of Kalevalan Avain (1916) by Pekka Ervast ISBN 978-952-9603-53-4 Translation / Editing team: Tapio Joensuu, Kempele & Oulu, John Major Jenkins, Louisville, Colorado We gratefully acknowledge the great good fortune of being granted permission by Eino Friberg to use his 1988 English translation of the Kalevala. Friberg’s translation is unparalleled for its poetic beauty and its accurate presentation of the original meter of ancient Finnish poetry. The printed edition of the Key to the Kalevala was published by Blue Dolphin Publishing. (ISBN: 1-57733-021-8) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ervast, Pekka. [Kalevalan avain. English] The key to the Kalevala / Pekka Ervast : translation by Tapio Joensuu : edited by John Major Jenkins. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. 1. Kalevala. 2. Mythology, Finno-Ugrian. I. Jenkins, John Major. II. Title. PH325.E713 1998 894’.54111—dc21 98-34846 CIP Cover art: Reo Lintera The title page illustration is from a decorative band found in East Götaland (western Sweden). It depicts the events of Kalevala Runo 5, in which Väinämöinen unknowingly hooks Aino on his fishing line (Haavio 1952:207). Table of Contents Introduction ...........................................................................6 Foreword ..............................................................................35 I. The Kalevala as a Holy Book 1. What is the Kalevala? .....................................................38 2. The Kalevala as a Holy Book ..........................................44 3. The Key to the Kalevala .................................................48 II. The Mysterious Knowledge of the Kalevala The Theological, Anthropological, and Soteriological Key 4. Was the Ancient Finnish Religion Animistic? ...............54 5. Humans or Gods? ............................................................60 6. The Holy Trinity .............................................................65 7. The Virgin Birth ..............................................................70 8. The Act of Creation .......................................................74 9. The Act of Salvation ......................................................84 10. The Lemminkäinen-Forces .............................................90 11. Lemminkäinen-Christ .....................................................96 12. The Ilmarinen-Forces ...................................................101 13. Ilmarinen, Fire and Iron ................................................107 14. Ilmarinen and the Sampo .............................................117 15. Reincarnation ...............................................................123 16. In the Cottages of Tuonela ............................................130 17. The Playing of Väinämöinen ........................................139 III. The Kalevala’s Inner Ethic Occult-Psychological or Practical-Soteriological Key 18. The Way of Knowledge .................................................152 19. Joukahainen ..................................................................158 4 table of contents 20. Aino ..............................................................................164 21. Lemminkäinen ..............................................................171 22. Ilmarinen .......................................................................177 23. The Works for Wages ....................................................182 24. The Swan of Tuonela ....................................................187 25. Pohjola’s Wedding .........................................................193 26. The Golden Maid .........................................................199 27. The Younger Sister of Pohja’s Maid ..............................208 28. The Sword of the Spirit ................................................216 29. The Boat Journey ..........................................................223 30. The Playing of the Kantele ...........................................230 31. The Theft of the Sampo ...............................................239 32. Final Doubts ..................................................................245 33. The Last Battle .............................................................251 IV. The Kalevala’s Magic The Occult-Historical Key 34. What is Meant Here By Magic .....................................261 35. Then and Now: Two Human Types ..............................269 36. Atlantean Magic in the Kalevala ..................................278 37. At the Change of Ages .................................................285 38. Väinämöinen and Aino ................................................290 39. Marjatta ........................................................................297 40. Marjatta’s Son and Väinämöinen .................................303 V. Väinämöinen’s Return The National-Occult Key 41. Väinämöinen and the Nation of Finland .....................309 Notes ..................................................................................319 Bibliography .......................................................................332 Additional Reading ............................................................336 About the Author ..............................................................339 5 Introduction to the English Translation of The Key to the Kalevala inland’s Heritage and National Independence. Finland, Fa small country so far north that it touches the Arctic Circle, preserves a fascinating ancient history and offers a unique and profound wisdom to the world. Bordered by Rus- sia to the east, the Gulf of Finland in the south, the Gulf of Bothnia in the west, and Norway to the north, Finland is the least populated country in the Fenno-Scandia region. Up until the beginning of this century it was a little recognized Grand Duchy of czarist Russia, devoid of a national identity. However, as political events unfolded in the early 1900s, this proved to be more a matter of definition than truth. For Finns, a cohe- sive cultural identity was close to their hearts for thousands of years. The primary tradition that served as the glue of Finn- ish cultural identity was the ancient oral tradition, preserved and propagated by storytellers and shamans. They passed down starlore and wisdom-teachings in stories called runes, or runos, from the earliest times. And today, Finland is a modern nation that stands on its own, having courageously defied the Russian Revolution by declaring itself independent in 1917. The Origins of Finnish Mythology. In the early 1800s, Finn- ish folklore, much of it containing ancient memories and eso- teric, cosmological knowledge, was collected into a massive epic called the Kalevala. Intrepid folklorists working out of the 6 introduction universities at Turku and Helsinki, most notably the esteemed compiler of the Kalevala, Elias Lönnrot, struggled to record the runo stories before the oral tradition succumbed to the pres- sures of modernization. These passionate folklorists, known as rune collectors, travelled the outbacks of Finland, on foot and on snow skis, talking with the peasants, encouraging them to speak the ancient stories. And what a wealth of wisdom was stored in their heads! One man, Arhippa Perttunen of Lat- vajärvi, could recite over four thousand lines of poetry. These stories migrated from village to village with pack peddlers and merchants, and thus variant versions of even the best known myths could be found. The great challenge for Lönnrot (a phy- sician by profession) was to compile and cross-compare his comprehensive data bank of Finnish poetry, and, with accu- racy and insight, weave it together into a unified whole. By 1849, fifty runos consisting of almost 23,000 lines of poetry were published. This collected work, the Kalevala, based very closely on the original poems collected in the field, is the Finn’s national treasure, their national epic that enshrines for them the greatness of their people’s past. The Kalevala contains the songs and stories of the ancient Finnish people, and has been translated in its entirety into over thirty languages. But where did these stories come from? More to the point, who are the Finns, and where did they come from? In answer- ing this, we can get a sense for the unique contribution of the Kalevala, elucidating an important mystical dimension of the human spirit. Significantly, Pekka Ervast’s insightful interpreta- tion of the Kalevala almost single-handedly reveals to us long lost artifacts of wisdom from our collective past. According to one theory based upon archaeological and lin- guistic studies, Finnish people migrated to Finland in the re- mote past from northern Central Asia, originating from beyond the Ural Mountains, perhaps even as far east as China and Tibet (Lehtinen 1986). According to a different theory, one 7 the key to the kalevala supported by German scholars, before the Germanic tribes swept into Europe, people of the Finnish family originally in- habited large areas, from central Europe eastward to the Ural Mountains. Afterward, parts of the Finnish group moved northward where they remain today. In any case, the Finns speak a Finno-Ugric language unrelated to the Indo-Euro- pean language that is shared only by Estonians and scattered remnants of shamanistic societies in northwestern
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