DOCSLIB.ORG

The Key to the Kalevala the Key to the Kalevala Pekka Ervast

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

The Key to the Kalevala The Key to the Kalevala PEKKA ERVAST Translation by Tapio Joensuu Edited by John Major Jenkins Literary Society of the Finnish Rosy Cross 2018 The Key to the Kalevala by Pekka Ervast English translation of Kalevalan Avain (1916) by Pekka Ervast ISBN 978-952-9603-53-4 Translation / Editing team: Tapio Joensuu, Kempele & Oulu, John Major Jenkins, Louisville, Colorado We gratefully acknowledge the great good fortune of being granted permission by Eino Friberg to use his 1988 English translation of the Kalevala. Friberg’s translation is unparalleled for its poetic beauty and its accurate presentation of the original meter of ancient Finnish poetry. The printed edition of the Key to the Kalevala was published by Blue Dolphin Publishing. (ISBN: 1-57733-021-8) Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ervast, Pekka. [Kalevalan avain. English] The key to the Kalevala / Pekka Ervast : translation by Tapio Joensuu : edited by John Major Jenkins. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references. 1. Kalevala. 2. Mythology, Finno-Ugrian. I. Jenkins, John Major. II. Title. PH325.E713 1998 894’.54111—dc21 98-34846 CIP Cover art: Reo Lintera The title page illustration is from a decorative band found in East Götaland (western Sweden). It depicts the events of Kalevala Runo 5, in which Väinämöinen unknowingly hooks Aino on his fishing line (Haavio 1952:207). Table of Contents Introduction ...........................................................................6 Foreword ..............................................................................35 I. The Kalevala as a Holy Book 1. What is the Kalevala? .....................................................38 2. The Kalevala as a Holy Book ..........................................44 3. The Key to the Kalevala .................................................48 II. The Mysterious Knowledge of the Kalevala The Theological, Anthropological, and Soteriological Key 4. Was the Ancient Finnish Religion Animistic? ...............54 5. Humans or Gods? ............................................................60 6. The Holy Trinity .............................................................65 7. The Virgin Birth ..............................................................70 8. The Act of Creation .......................................................74 9. The Act of Salvation ......................................................84 10. The Lemminkäinen-Forces .............................................90 11. Lemminkäinen-Christ .....................................................96 12. The Ilmarinen-Forces ...................................................101 13. Ilmarinen, Fire and Iron ................................................107 14. Ilmarinen and the Sampo .............................................117 15. Reincarnation ...............................................................123 16. In the Cottages of Tuonela ............................................130 17. The Playing of Väinämöinen ........................................139 III. The Kalevala’s Inner Ethic Occult-Psychological or Practical-Soteriological Key 18. The Way of Knowledge .................................................152 19. Joukahainen ..................................................................158 4 table of contents 20. Aino ..............................................................................164 21. Lemminkäinen ..............................................................171 22. Ilmarinen .......................................................................177 23. The Works for Wages ....................................................182 24. The Swan of Tuonela ....................................................187 25. Pohjola’s Wedding .........................................................193 26. The Golden Maid .........................................................199 27. The Younger Sister of Pohja’s Maid ..............................208 28. The Sword of the Spirit ................................................216 29. The Boat Journey ..........................................................223 30. The Playing of the Kantele ...........................................230 31. The Theft of the Sampo ...............................................239 32. Final Doubts ..................................................................245 33. The Last Battle .............................................................251 IV. The Kalevala’s Magic The Occult-Historical Key 34. What is Meant Here By Magic .....................................261 35. Then and Now: Two Human Types ..............................269 36. Atlantean Magic in the Kalevala ..................................278 37. At the Change of Ages .................................................285 38. Väinämöinen and Aino ................................................290 39. Marjatta ........................................................................297 40. Marjatta’s Son and Väinämöinen .................................303 V. Väinämöinen’s Return The National-Occult Key 41. Väinämöinen and the Nation of Finland .....................309 Notes ..................................................................................319 Bibliography .......................................................................332 Additional Reading ............................................................336 About the Author ..............................................................339 5 Introduction to the English Translation of The Key to the Kalevala inland’s Heritage and National Independence. Finland, Fa small country so far north that it touches the Arctic Circle, preserves a fascinating ancient history and offers a unique and profound wisdom to the world. Bordered by Rus- sia to the east, the Gulf of Finland in the south, the Gulf of Bothnia in the west, and Norway to the north, Finland is the least populated country in the Fenno-Scandia region. Up until the beginning of this century it was a little recognized Grand Duchy of czarist Russia, devoid of a national identity. However, as political events unfolded in the early 1900s, this proved to be more a matter of definition than truth. For Finns, a cohe- sive cultural identity was close to their hearts for thousands of years. The primary tradition that served as the glue of Finn- ish cultural identity was the ancient oral tradition, preserved and propagated by storytellers and shamans. They passed down starlore and wisdom-teachings in stories called runes, or runos, from the earliest times. And today, Finland is a modern nation that stands on its own, having courageously defied the Russian Revolution by declaring itself independent in 1917. The Origins of Finnish Mythology. In the early 1800s, Finn- ish folklore, much of it containing ancient memories and eso- teric, cosmological knowledge, was collected into a massive epic called the Kalevala. Intrepid folklorists working out of the 6 introduction universities at Turku and Helsinki, most notably the esteemed compiler of the Kalevala, Elias Lönnrot, struggled to record the runo stories before the oral tradition succumbed to the pres- sures of modernization. These passionate folklorists, known as rune collectors, travelled the outbacks of Finland, on foot and on snow skis, talking with the peasants, encouraging them to speak the ancient stories. And what a wealth of wisdom was stored in their heads! One man, Arhippa Perttunen of Lat- vajärvi, could recite over four thousand lines of poetry. These stories migrated from village to village with pack peddlers and merchants, and thus variant versions of even the best known myths could be found. The great challenge for Lönnrot (a phy- sician by profession) was to compile and cross-compare his comprehensive data bank of Finnish poetry, and, with accu- racy and insight, weave it together into a unified whole. By 1849, fifty runos consisting of almost 23,000 lines of poetry were published. This collected work, the Kalevala, based very closely on the original poems collected in the field, is the Finn’s national treasure, their national epic that enshrines for them the greatness of their people’s past. The Kalevala contains the songs and stories of the ancient Finnish people, and has been translated in its entirety into over thirty languages. But where did these stories come from? More to the point, who are the Finns, and where did they come from? In answer- ing this, we can get a sense for the unique contribution of the Kalevala, elucidating an important mystical dimension of the human spirit. Significantly, Pekka Ervast’s insightful interpreta- tion of the Kalevala almost single-handedly reveals to us long lost artifacts of wisdom from our collective past. According to one theory based upon archaeological and lin- guistic studies, Finnish people migrated to Finland in the re- mote past from northern Central Asia, originating from beyond the Ural Mountains, perhaps even as far east as China and Tibet (Lehtinen 1986). According to a different theory, one 7 the key to the kalevala supported by German scholars, before the Germanic tribes swept into Europe, people of the Finnish family originally in- habited large areas, from central Europe eastward to the Ural Mountains. Afterward, parts of the Finnish group moved northward where they remain today. In any case, the Finns speak a Finno-Ugric language unrelated to the Indo-Euro- pean language that is shared only by Estonians and scattered remnants of shamanistic societies in northwestern
Recommended publications
  • Landsmän I Ryska Marinen

    Landsmän I Ryska Marinen

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Helsingin yliopiston digitaalinen arkisto SUOMEN SUKUTUTKIMUSSEURAN JULKAISUJA XIV GENEALOGISKA SAMFUNDETS I FINLAND SKRIFTER XIV LANDSMÄN I RYSKA MARINEN 1808—1918 AV E. PIKOFF HELSINKI—HELSINGFORS 1 938 HELSINGFORS 1938 FRENCKELLSKA TRYCKERI AKTIEBOLAGET Företal. Föreliggande arbete avser att erinra om den lilla grupp lands- män, som tjänat i ryska flottan. De flesta av dem hava redan läm- nat livets vädjobana, ännu flere äro redan totalt glömda. Och dock hava många av dem utfört ett dagsverke, som vore värt att ihågkommas. Genom sitt intresse för yrket, skicklighet, plikttro- het hava de bidragit till att göra sitt fosterland känt och aktat där borta i kejsardömet i långt större utsträckning än man vore böjd att förmoda, om man blott dömer efter antalet. Härpå ty- der också i sin mån den vackra karriär många av dem kunnat göra där. Arbetet grundar sig förnämligast på ryska marinens officiella månadstidskrift Morskoj Sbornik, däri samtliga dagorder från och med 1848 ända till världskrigets utbrott publicerats. Jämsides därmed har flottans officiella rangrulla (Obstschij Morskoj Spisok) anlitats. Denna går tillbaka till 1700-talets början, men slutar sedan en ringa del av officerskåren under Alexander II:s regerings- tid förtecknats (bokstäverna A, B, V och G). Betecknande nog äro dessa två källor, ehuru båda officiella, långt ifrån samstäm- miga; skiljaktigheterna äro både talrika och stora. Då sålunda primärmaterialet varit varken absolut tillförlitligt eller fullständigt, hava icke heller efterföljande biografiska uppgifter kunnat göras så noggranna och felfria som det varit önskligt. Så vitt möjligt hava dock kompletterande uppgifter sökts på annat håll.
  • Read Book the Song of the Winns: Vol. 1: the Secret of the Ginger Mice

    Read Book the Song of the Winns: Vol. 1: the Secret of the Ginger Mice

    THE SONG OF THE WINNS: VOL. 1: THE SECRET OF THE GINGER MICE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Frances Watts,Dr. David Francis | 304 pages | 24 Apr 2012 | Running Press | 9780762444106 | English | Philadelphia, United States The Song of the Winns: Vol. 1: The Secret of the Ginger Mice PDF Book Pine-roots were the oldest houses, And the earliest pots were stone ones. Contents: It's no fun to be a lion; the land of the caterpillars; the spider and the fly; the little duck who was very pleased with himself; the big brown bear; the woodchuck; the tiger; the camel; a hot day; the kangaroo; the skunk and the sea gull; from one to ten; the procupine and the badgers; the elephant buys a horse; day; night; the sick sparrow; I see you, little yellow wasps; the fox, the weasel, and the little chicken; the bear went o-ver the mountain; the little black hen; the cottontail and the jack rabbit; the gray squirrel; the elephant; the bear; the greedy kitten and the wise little birds; the goose and the rabbit; the lion; the duck; the hippopotamu; the pig; the funny little mouse. Wherefore do you drive so rashly, And arrive at home so madly? The bride remembers with tears that she is now quitting her dear birthplace for the rest of her life, and says farewell to all While he saw the trees had flourished, And the saplings sprouted bravely, Yet had Jumala's tree, the oak-tree, Not struck down its root and sprouted. On the stone of joy he sat him, On the stone of song he rested, Sang an hour, and sang a second, And again he sang a third time: Thus reversed his words of magic, And dissolved the spell completely.
  • Wäinämöisen Sammon Palautuksen Veneretki Rotary Alustus 28.2.2019, Väinö Åberg

    Wäinämöisen Sammon Palautuksen Veneretki Rotary Alustus 28.2.2019, Väinö Åberg

    1 / 5 Wäinämöisen Sammon palautuksen veneretki Rotary alustus 28.2.2019, Väinö Åberg Louhi lupasi Ilmariselle Sammon takomisesta Pohjan Neidon, mutta pettikin lupauksensa ja piti sekä Sammon että Neidon. Runo 10. Ihmisyyden Sammon taonta - käsiohjelma: http://www.samponetti.com/Sampo-k_siohj.pdf avaa Kalevalan symbo- liikkaa ja Kalevala Kartan Päijänteen-Enoveden-Vuohijärven-Pyhäjärven ja Kymijoen alueilta Kalevalan tapahtumien järjestyksessä, jonka maist. Matti Malin löysi noin 40 vuoden Kalevalan paikannimien tutkimuksilla. 1. Kalevala, Lönnrot ja muinaisrunojen satumainen Wiisaus Lönnrotin kokoama vanha Kalevala ilmestyi 1835 ja uusi Kalevala 1849. Kalevalan mukaan SAMPO ANTAA KAIKEN HYVÄN maailmassa, aineellisen ja aineettoman, ja Lönnrotin mielestä siihen ei pysty mikään muu elämässä kuin Suuri Elämä eli Jumala. - Sampo on sanskritiksi Sambhu = Jumala (Hyvyys) ja Sammon kansi = Sambhu kanta, on jumalan puoliso (Rakkaus). Sanskritin kieli on kaikkien kielten äitikieli, jonka sanakirjan paksuus on n. 15 m, 600 volymiä, kertoi sanskr. prof Asko Parpola. ”Jokamies, taiatko takoa Sammon eli puhdistaa Pohjolasi, so. sielusi tunteilut ja luulotiedot? Osaatko hillitä mielesi ja puheesi, ja laulaa oman alitajuntasi rumahisten rutkusakin Rutjankoskeen?” Taonnan TEKELEET: Jousi, Hieho, Vene, Aura. Vain Hengen voimilla, Tuulettarilla, Sampo syntyy eikä lihaksilla lietsomalla. Lietsojaorjat kahlehdittiin kallioon, jotta väkivalta ei sotkisi taontaa eli sydämen puhdistusta. 2. Kalevala-Kartta, Sammon takaisinhaun retkestä, jonka Wäinämöinen, Ilmarinen
  • ”Yksin Syntyi Väinämöinen”

    ”Yksin Syntyi Väinämöinen”

    0 ”Yksin syntyi Väinämöinen” Tarkastelussa Kalevalan Maailmansyntyruno Maaret Peltonen Kirjallisuuden kandidaatintutkielma Taiteiden ja kulttuurintutkimuksen laitos Jyväskylän yliopisto Ohjaaja: Anna Helle Opponentti: Hannamari Kilpeläinen Kevät 2016 1 SISÄLTÖ 1 Johdanto ................................................................................................. 2 2 Kalevalan synty ...................................................................................... 3 2.1 Runolaulajat ........................................................................................ 4 2.2 Runolaulajan maailma ......................................................................... 6 3 Myytit ja Kalevala .................................................................................. 6 4 Aineiston kuvaus ja analyysi ................................................................. 9 4.1 Aineiston kuvaus ................................................................................. 9 4.2 Aineiston analyysi ............................................................................... 11 5 Johtopäätökset ..................................................................................... 16 6 Päätäntö ................................................................................................ 17 Lähteet 2 1 Johdanto Tutkin kirjallisuuden kandidaatin tutkielmassani Kalevalan ja Raamatun välistä suhdetta ja yhteyttä. Etenen Kalevalan tutkimisessa myyttien kautta Raamattuun. Mielenkiintoni Kalevalan ja Raamatun väliseen yhteyteen on
  • Visits to Tuonela Ne of the Many Mythologies Which Have Had an In

    Visits to Tuonela Ne of the Many Mythologies Which Have Had an In

    ne of the many mythologies which have had an in­ fluence on Tolkien's work was the Kalevala, the 22000- line poem recounting the adventures of a group of Fin­ nish heroes. It has many characteristics peculiar to itself and is quite different from, for example, Greek or Germanic mythology. It would take too long to dis­ cuss this difference, but the prominent role of women (particularly mothers) throughout the book may be no­ ted, as well as the fact that the heroes and the style are 'low-brow', as Tolkien described them, as opposed to the 'high-brow' heroes common in other mytholog- les visits to Tuonela (Hades) are fairly frequent; and magic and shape-change- ing play a large part in the epic. Another notable feature which the Kaleva la shares with QS is that it is a collection of separate, but interrelated, tales of heroes, with the central theme of war against Pohjola, the dreary North, running through the whole epic, and individual themes in the separate tales. However, it must be appreciated that QS, despite the many influences clearly traceable behind it, is, as Carpenter reminds us, essentially origin­ al; influences are subtle, and often similar incidents may occur in both books, but be employed in different circumstances, or be used in QS simply as a ba­ sis for a tale which Tolkien would elaborate on and change. Ibis is notice­ able even in the tale of Turin (based on the tale of Kullervo), in which the Finnish influence is strongest. I will give a brief synopsis of the Kullervo tale, to show that although Tolkien used the story, he varied it, added to it, changed its style (which cannot really be appreciated without reading the or­ iginal ), and moulded it to his own use.
  • Universita' Degli Studi Di Torino Alla Ricerca Dell

    Universita' Degli Studi Di Torino Alla Ricerca Dell

    UNIVERSITA’ DEGLI STUDI DI TORINO FACOLTA’ DI LINGUE E LETTERATURE STRANIERE CORSO DI LAUREA IN LINGUE STRANIERE PER LA COMUNI- CAZIONE INTERNAZIONALE TESI DI LAUREA ALLA RICERCA DELL'ANELLO MANCANTE: ANALISI ANTROPOLOGICA DELL'OPERA DI TOLKIEN RELATORE: PROF.SSA Laura Bonato CANDIDATA: Elisa Mascali Matricola 759597 Anno Accademico 2012-2013 INDICE Introduzione...............................................................................................p. 1 Capitolo 1 - La narrativa popolare e lo sviluppo del genere fantasy 1.1 Origini, definizioni, forme...................................................................p. 3 1.2 La nascita e lo sviluppo del genere fantasy.......................................p. 11 1.2.1. Caratteristiche principali.............................................................................p. 12 1.2.2. I temi...........................................................................................................p.14 1.2.1. Le radici nel mito........................................................................................p. 15 Capitolo 2 - John Ronald Reuel Tolkien: vita e opere 2.1. Vicende biografiche.............................................................................p. 19 2.2. Le opere..............................................................................................p. 22 2.2.1. Lo Hobbit o la riconquista del tesoro.................................................p. 22 2.2.2 Il Signore degli Anelli......................................................................p.
  • On the Origin of Hops: Genetic Variability, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Ecological Plasticity of Humulus (Cannabaceae)

    On the Origin of Hops: Genetic Variability, Phylogenetic Relationships, and Ecological Plasticity of Humulus (Cannabaceae)

    ON THE ORIGIN OF HOPS: GENETIC VARIABILITY, PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS, AND ECOLOGICAL PLASTICITY OF HUMULUS (CANNABACEAE) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI‘I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN BOTANY MAY 2014 By Jeffrey R. Boutain DISSERTATION COMMITTEE: Will C. McClatchey, Chairperson Mark D. Merlin Sterling C. Keeley Clifford W. Morden Stacy Jørgensen Copyright © 2014 by Jeffrey R. Boutain ii This dissertation is dedicated to my family tree. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are a number of individuals to whom I am indebted in many customs. First and foremost, I thank my committee members for their contribution, patience, persistence, and motivation that helped me complete this dissertation. Specifically, thank you Dr. Will McClatchey for the opportunity to study in a botany program with you as my advisor and especially the encouragement to surf plant genomes. Also with great gratitude, thank you Dr. Sterling Keeley for the opportunity to work on much of this dissertation in your molecular phylogenetics and systematics lab. In addition, thank you Dr. Mark Merlin for numerous brainstorming sessions as well as your guidance and expert perspective on the Cannabaceae. Also, thank you Dr. Cliff Morden for the opportunity to work in your lab where the beginnings of this molecular research took place. Thank you Dr. Jianchu Xu for welcoming me into your lab group at the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the opportunity to study the Yunnan hop. In many ways, major contributions towards the completion of this dissertation have come from my family, and I thank you for your unconditional encouragement, love, and support.
  • Finnish Studies

    Finnish Studies

    Journal of Finnish Studies Volume 23 Number 1 November 2019 ISSN 1206-6516 ISBN 978-1-7328298-1-7 JOURNAL OF FINNISH STUDIES EDITORIAL AND BUSINESS OFFICE Journal of Finnish Studies, Department of English, 1901 University Avenue, Evans 458, Box 2146, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TEXAS 77341-2146, USA Tel. 1.936.294.1420; Fax 1.936.294.1408 E-mail: [email protected] EDITORIAL STAFF Helena Halmari, Editor-in-Chief, Sam Houston State University [email protected] Hanna Snellman, Co-Editor, University of Helsinki [email protected] Scott Kaukonen, Assoc. Editor, Sam Houston State University [email protected] Hilary-Joy Virtanen, Asst. Editor, Finlandia University [email protected] Sheila Embleton, Book Review Editor, York University [email protected] EDITORIAL BOARD Börje Vähämäki, Founding Editor, JoFS, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto Raimo Anttila, Professor Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles Michael Branch, Professor Emeritus, University of London Thomas DuBois, Professor, University of Wisconsin, Madison Sheila Embleton, Distinguished Research Professor, York University Aili Flint, Emerita Senior Lecturer, Associate Research Scholar, Columbia University Tim Frandy, Assistant Professor, Western Kentucky University Daniel Grimley, Professor, Oxford University Titus Hjelm, Associate Professor, University of Helsinki Daniel Karvonen, Senior Lecturer, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Johanna Laakso, Professor, University of Vienna Jason Lavery, Professor, Oklahoma State University James P. Leary, Professor Emeritus, University of Wisconsin, Madison Andrew Nestingen, Associate Professor, University of Washington, Seattle Jyrki Nummi, Professor, University of Helsinki Jussi Nuorteva, Director General, The National Archives of Finland Juha Pentikäinen, Professor, University of Lapland Oiva Saarinen, Professor Emeritus, Laurentian University, Sudbury Beth L.
  • The Transformation of an Oral Poem in Elias Lönnrot's Kalevala

    The Transformation of an Oral Poem in Elias Lönnrot's Kalevala

    Oral Tradition, 8/2 (1993): 247-288 From Maria to Marjatta: The Transformation of an Oral Poem in Elias Lönnrot’s Kalevala1 Thomas DuBois The question of Elias Lönnrot’s role in shaping the texts that became his Kalevala has stirred such frequent and vehement debate in international folkloristic circles that even persons with only a passing interest in the subject of Finnish folklore have been drawn to the question. Perhaps the notion of academic fraud in particular intrigues those of us engaged in the profession of scholarship.2 And although anyone who studies Lönnrot’s life and endeavors will discover a man of utmost integrity, it remains difficult to reconcile the extensiveness of Lönnrot’s textual emendations with his stated desire to recover and present the ancient epic traditions of the Finnish people. In part, the enormity of Lönnrot’s project contributes to the failure of scholars writing for an international audience to pursue any analysis beyond broad generalizations about the author’s methods of compilation, 1 Research for this study was funded in part by a grant from the Graduate School Research Fund of the University of Washington, Seattle. 2 Comparetti (1898) made it clear in this early study of Finnish folk poetry that the Kalevala bore only partial resemblance to its source poems, a fact that had become widely acknowledged within Finnish folkoristic circles by that time. The nationalist interests of Lönnrot were examined by a number of international scholars during the following century, although Lönnrot’s fairly conservative views on Finnish nationalism became equated at times with the more strident tone of the turn of the century, when the Kalevala was made an inspiration and catalyst for political change (Mead 1962; Wilson 1976; Cocchiara 1981:268-70; Turunen 1982).
  • Magic Songs of the West Finns, Volume 1 by John Abercromby

    Magic Songs of the West Finns, Volume 1 by John Abercromby

    THE PRE- AND PROTO-HISTORIC FINNS BOTH EASTERN AND WESTERN WITH THE MAGIC SONGS OF THE WEST FINNS BY THE HONOURABLE JOHN ABERCROMBY IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. I. 1898 Magic Songs of the West Finns, Volume 1 by John Abercromby. This edition was created and published by Global Grey ©GlobalGrey 2018 globalgreyebooks.com CONTENTS Preface The Value Of Additional Letters Of The Alphabet Full Titles Of Books Consulted And Referred To Illustrations Chapter 1. Geographical Position And Craniology Of The Finns Chapter 2. The Neolithic Age In Finland Chapter 3. Historical Notices Of Classical Authors Chapter 4. The Prehistoric Civilisation Of The Finns Chapter 5. The Third Or Iranian Period Chapter 6. Beliefs Of The West Finns As Exhibited In The Magic Songs 1 PREFACE In this country the term Finn is generally restricted to the natives of Finland, with perhaps those of Esthonia thrown in. But besides these Western Finns there are other small nationalities in Central and Northern Russia, such as the Erza and Mokša Mordvins, the Čeremis, Votiaks, Permians, and Zịrians, to whom the term is very properly applied, though with the qualifying adjective—Eastern. Except by Folklorists, little attention is paid in Great Britain to these peoples, and much that is written of them abroad finds no response here, the 'silver streak' acting, it would seem, as a non-conductor to such unsensational and feeble vibrations. Although the languages of the Eastern and Western Finns differ as much perhaps among themselves as the various members of the Aryan group, the craniological and physical differences between any two Finnish groups is very much less than between the Latin and the Teutonic groups, for instance.
  • The Role of the Kalevala in Finnish Culture and Politics URPO VENTO Finnish Literature Society, Finland

    The Role of the Kalevala in Finnish Culture and Politics URPO VENTO Finnish Literature Society, Finland

    Nordic Journal of African Studies 1(2): 82–93 (1992) The Role of the Kalevala in Finnish Culture and Politics URPO VENTO Finnish Literature Society, Finland The question has frequently been asked: would Finland exist as a nation state without Lönnrot's Kalevala? There is no need to answer this, but perhaps we may assume that sooner or later someone would have written the books which would have formed the necessary building material for the national identity of the Finns. During the mid 1980s, when the 150th anniversary of the Kalevala was being celebrated in Finland, several international seminars were held and thousands of pages of research and articles were published. At that time some studies appeared in which the birth of the nation state was examined from a pan-European perspective. SMALL NATION STATES "The nation state - an independent political unit whose people share a common language and believe they have a common cultural heritage - is essentially a nineteenth-century invention, based on eighteenth-century philosophy, and which became a reality for the most part in either the late nineteenth or early twentieth century. The circumstances in which this process took place were for the most part marked by the decline of great empires whose centralised sources of power and antiquated methods of administrations prevented an effective response to economic and social change, and better education, with all the aspirations for freedom of thought and political action that accompany such changes." Thus said Professor Michael Branch (University of London) at a conference on the literatures of the Uralic peoples held in Finland in the summer of 1991.
  • Semantics of Wainamoinen's Proper Names in Kalevala

    Semantics of Wainamoinen's Proper Names in Kalevala

    ARTÍCULOS UTOPÍA Y PRAXIS LATINOAMERICANA. AÑO: 25, n° EXTRA 7, 2020, pp. 424-430 REVISTA INTERNACIONAL DE FILOSOFÍA Y TEORÍA SOCIAL CESA-FCES-UNIVERSIDAD DEL ZULIA. MARACAIBO-VENEZUELA ISSN 1316-5216 / ISSN-e: 2477-9555 Semantics of Wainamoinen’s Proper Names in Kalevala Semántica de los nombres propios de Wainamoinen en Kalevala Evgeniya Nicolaevna BULINA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0296-815X [email protected] Kazan Federal University. Russia Marina Ivanovna SOLNYSHKINA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1885-3039 [email protected] Kazan Federal University. Russia Marina Georgievna BAHTIOZINA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4376-3553 [email protected] Moscow State University. Russia Este trabajo está depositado en Zenodo: DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4009780 RESUMEN ABSTRACT El artículo presenta un análisis semántico de los nombres The article presents semantic analysis of proper names of propios de Wainamoinen, uno de los personajes Wainamoinen, one of the major characters of the Finnish principales del epos finlandés Kalevala. El análisis epos Kalevala. The comparative analysis revealed the comparativo reveló las siguientes capas de información en following layers of information in Wainamoinen’s proper los nombres propios de Wainamoinen: una forma interna names: a transparent inner form of names (Väinämäinen / transparente de los nombres (Väinämäinen / Wainamoinen, Väinö / Waino, Suvantolainen / Wainamoinen, Väinö / Waino, Suvantolainen / Suwantolainen, Uvantolaynen, Osmoynen, Kalevainen, Suwantolainen, Uvantolaynen, Osmoynen, Kalevainen, Kalevalainen) of finnish origin, language and lack of Kalevalainen) de origen finlandés, lenguaje y falta de transparency of Wainamoinen’s names in English, an transparencia de los nombres de Wainamoinen en inglés, additional connotation formed by the morphological una connotación adicional formada por las estructuras structures of the names and a social status, dependent on morfológicas de los nombres y un estatus social, the relationship of the addresser and the addressee.