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Available Online at REVIEW on PARNI CHATUSTHAYA Available online at www.jmpas.com ISSN NO. 2320 – 7418 DOI:10.22270/jmpas.v9i6.998 Review Article Correspondence Dr. Umakant N. Rabb* REVIEW ON PARNI CHATUSTHAYA Department of Dravyaguna Vijnana, Dr. Umakant N. Rabb Acharya Deshbhushan Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital, Bedkihal- Acharya Deshbhushan Ayurveda Medical College and Hospital, Shamanewadi Shamanewadi, Nippani, Belagavi, Belagavi, Karnataka, India Karnataka, India. [email protected] Keywords Acharya P.V Sharma, Priya Nighantu, Parni Chatusthaya, Shalaparni, Prishniparni, Mudgaparni, Mashaparni Received 20/12/2020 Reviewed 24/12/2020 Revised/ Accepted 30/12/2020 ABSTRACT The word Parni means leaf. Parni Chatustaya is the four type of leaves indicating the name of the medicinal plants; viz Shalaparni, Prishni Parni, Mudga Parni and Masha Parni. Acharya P.V Sharma has mentioned the Parni Chatustaya in the Priya Nighantu. The pharmacological actions of these four medicinal plants are Balya(Tonic- Promote strength), Vrishya(Acts as aphrodisiac), Rasayana effect(Act as tissue vitalizer). These plants alleviate the Shosha(Emaciation), Daha(Burning sensation), Jwara(Fever). Shalaparni(Desmodium gangeticum (Linn), DC) means its leaves resembles the shape of the Shala(Shorea robusta Gaertn) tree(Leaf is ovate in shape). The Prishniparni(Ureria picta Desv) means it has very few leaves and painted with colors. The Mudgaparni(Phaseolus trilobus Ait) can live and easily be boiled even with very little quantity of water. This type of Mudga will grow against all odds i.e even in forests. The Mashaparni(Teramnus labialis Spreng) leaves resemble those of Masha(Phaseolus mungo Linn). Here an attempt was made to highlight the botanical source, Pharmacological actions were elaborated systematically. Further scope of study is to evaluate the anti- oxidant, aphrodisiac, anti- pyretic activities through the modern parameters. INTRODUCTIION Shalaparni (Desmodium gangeticum (Linn) DC ), leaves resemble those of Masha (Phaseolus mungo Prishniparni (Ureria picta Desv), Mudgaparni (Phaseolus Linn). trilobus Ait), Mashaparni (Teramnus labialis Spreng) all together known as Parni Chatusthaya[1]. The Parni DISCUSSION Chatusthaya is Ishat Ushna (Mild heat producing and Parni Chatusthaya with their botanical source and hot in potency), Balya (Tonic), Vrishya (Aphrodisiac), pharmacological actions were discussed systematically. Rasayana (Rejuvenate the body cells), Tridosha [6],[7],[8],[9],[10],[11] Shamaka (Subsides Vata-Pitta and Kapha Doshas). It SHALAPARNI - alleviates Shosha (Emaciation), Daha (Burning Botanical Name sensation), Jwara (Fever). Shalaparni (Desmodium Desmodium gangeticum DC, gangeticum (Linn)[2], DC) means its leaves resembles Family Fabaceae the shape of the Shala (Shorea robusta Gaertn) tree Synonyms (Ovate in shape). The Prishniparni (Ureria picta Desv)[3], Sthira, Soumya, Triparni, Peevari, Guha, Vidarigandha, means it has very few leaves and painted with colors. Deerghangi, Deerghapatra, Anshumati The Mudgaparni (Phaseolus trilobus Ait)[4], can live and Pharmacological Actions easily be boiled even with very little quantity of water. 1. Shalaparni is Guru (Heavy), Chardi-Jwara-Shwasa- This type of Mudga will grow against all odds i.e even in Atisaragna (Vomitting-Fever-Dyspnoea-Diarrhoea). forests. The Mashaparni (Teramnus labialis Spreng)[5] Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, V 9-I 6, 998. November-December 2020, P-2621-2624 2621 Internationally powered by www.jmpas.com DOI:10.22270/jmpas.v9i6.998 2. It cures Shosha (Wsting of the tissues), provides Dosha Karma As these possess Laghu (Laghu), Ruksha Bala(Strength), Rasayani (Tissue vitalizer), Santapa (Dry), acts as Kaphashamaka (Subsides Kapha Dosha). Nashaka. Due to Tikta (Bitter) and Kashaya Rasa (Astringent) acts 3. It is Tikta (Bitter), Vishahari (Antipoisonous), as Pitta Shamaka (Subsides Pitta Dosha), Due to Ushna alleviates ulcers, Kasa (Cough), Krimi (Worm Virya (Hot in potency) alleviates Vatadosha. Therefore infestation). can be used in Tridoshajanya Vikaras (Vataja, Pittaja, and Kaphaja diseases).. PRISHNIPARNI[12],[13],[14],[15],[16],[17]- Sansthanika Karma Externally acts as Vedanasthapana Botanical Name Uraria picta Desv, (Analgesic), and Vrinaropana (Wound healing property). Family- Fabaceae Internally - Nadi samsthana Acts as Vedanasthapana Synonyms Prathakaparni, Chitraparni, Ahiparni, (Analgesic), therefore advised in Vatavyadhi (All types Kroshtuvinna, Simha Pucchi, Kalashi, Dhavani, Guha of neuralgic conditions). Pharmacological Actions Pachana samsthana It is Ruchivardhaka (Taste 1. Prishnaparni subsides all the three Doshas(Vata- promoter), Trishnashamaka (Alleviates excess thirst), Pitta-Kapha), It is Vrishya (Aphrodisiac), Ushna Grahi (Absorbent) and Yakrututtejaka (Stimulates liver). Veerya (Hot in potency), Madhura Rasa (Sweet in It alleviates Aruchi (Loss of appetite), Trishna (Excess taste), Asara(Absorbent). thirst), Atisara (Diarrhoea) and Arsha (Haemorrhoids). 2. It cures Jwara (Fever), Shwasa (Dyspnoea), Rakta Raktavaha samstana Acts as Shothahara (Anti- Dosha (Purifies blood), Rakta Atisara (Diarrhoea inflammatory) and Hridya (Cardio tonic). It cures with bleeding), Trishna (Thirst), Vami (Vomiting Shotharoga (Edema) and Hridroga (Cardiac ailments). sensation). Shwasana samsthana It is Kaphgna and Hikkanigrahana (Subsides phlegm and hiccough). MUDGAPARNI[18],[19],[20],[21],[22],[23],[24]- Therefore advised in Shwasa (Dyspnoea),Kasa (Cough) Botanical Name Phaseolus trilobus Ait and Hikkaroga (Hiccoughs). Family Fabaceae Mutravaha samsthana - It is Mutrala (Diuretic) and Synonyms Kaka Parni, Surya Parni, Alpika, Saha, Kaka Ashmarinashaka (Subsides renal calculi. Hence given in Mudga, Marjara Gandhika Mutraghata (Difficulty in micturation), Ashmariroga Pharmacological Actions (Renal calculi). 1. Mudgaparni is Sheeta virya (Cold in potency), Prajanana samsthana - It is Balya (Tonic) and Vajikara Ruksha (Drying), Tikta (Bitter), Madhura (Sweet) in (Aphrodisiac). It alleviate Daurbalya (Weakness) taste. It increases semen. It is Chakshushya (Good especially Shukradaurbalya. for eyes), Shothagni (Relieves edema), Grahi Tapakrama - It is Jwaragna (Subsides Fever) and (Absorbent), Jwara Dahajit (Relieves fever and Dahaprashamana (Subsides burning sensation). Can be burning sensation). used in Jwara (Fever) and Daha (Burning sensation). 2. It is Laghu (Light in action), cures Grahani-Arsha- Satmikarana It is Pausthika (Nourishing), Brimhana Atisara (Dysentery- Haemorrhoids and Diarrhoea). (Weight promoting), and Rasayana (Vitalizing). Therefore advised in Daurbalya (Weakness, MASHAPARNI[25],[26],[27] Emaciation), Jwarottara Daurbalya (Generalized body Botanical Name Teramnus labialis spreng, weakness after fever) Family Fabaceae Synonyms Soorya Parni, Kaamboji, Haya Puchika, CONCLUSION Paandu, Lomasha Parni, Krishna Vrinta, Mahasaha By the above discussion these four medicinal plants are Pharmacological Actions Balya (Tonic- Promotes strength), Vrishya (Acts as 1. Mashaparni is Sheeta virya (Cold in potency), aphrodisiac), Rasayana effect (Act as tissue vitalizer). Madhura (Sweet), Tikta(Bitter) in taste, Ruksha These plants alleviate the Shosha (Emaciation), Daha (Drying), Vrishya (Aphrodisiac), Increases Kapha. (Burning sensation), Jwara (Fever). The name Parni is Grahi (Absorbant), alleviates Shotha (Edema), Vata, given to the plants as they appear and reassemble of the Pitta, and Rakta diseases, Jwara (Fever). particular plant. For example Shalaparni (Desmodium gangeticum (Linn), DC) means its leaves resembles the GENERAL ACTION OF PARNI CAHTUSTHAYA shape of the Shala (Shorea robusta Gaertn) tree(Leaf is DRAVYAS ON THE VARIOUS SYSTEM OF THE ovate in shape). The Prishniparni (Ureria picta Desv) BODY means it has very few leaves and painted with colors. Journal of Medical Pharmaceutical and Allied Sciences, V9-I6, 998. November-December 2020, P-2621-2624 2622 Internationally powered by www.jmpas.com DOI:10.22270/jmpas.v9i6.998 The Mudgaparni (Phaseolus trilobus Ait) can live and P.V., 1st edition , New-Delhi, Chaukhambha easily be boiled even with very little quantity of water. publications, Page No- 12. This type of Mudga will grow against all odds i.e even in 11. Pandit Narahari, Raj Nighantu, 2003. Shtavhadi forests. The Mashaparni (Teramnus labialis Spreng) Varga, Shloka No- 37,38,39, redacted by Indra deva leaves resemble those of Masha (Phaseolus mungo Tripathi, Varanasi, Chaukhamba Krishnadas Linn). Here an attempt was made to highlight the Academy, Page no-38. botanical source, Pharmacological actions were 12. Kashmiri Vidyaraj Chandranandana, 2015. Chandra elaborated systematically. Further scope of study is to Nighantu (Madanadi Nighantu) Niruha Gana, Shloka evaluate the anti-oxidant, aphrodisiac, anti- pyretic No-22, 23, edited by Acharya Balakrishna, activities through the modern parameters. Haridwar, Divya Prakashana, First edition, Page No- 47. REFERENCES 13. Bhagwan Dash, Madanapal Nighantu, Abhayadi 1. Priya Vrat Sharma, Priya nighantu,2004. Varga, 1991. Shloka No- 62,63, B. Jain publishers “Shatapushpadi Varga, Shloka No- 94, Hindi pvt. Ltd, first edition, New Delhi Page no-20,21. commentary entitled PADMA, Varanasi” , 14. Kashmiri Vidyaraj Chandranandana,2015. Chandra Chaukhambha Surabharati Prakashana, Page No- Nighantu (Madanadi Nighantu) Jeevaniya Gana, 101 Shloka No-8-10, edited by Acharya Balakrishna, 2. Vaidya Jatavallabha Laxmi Naarayana Shastry,2001. Haridwar, Divya Prakashana, First edition, Page No- “Ayurveda Aushadha Niruktamala, Varanasi,
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