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Download Download ISSN: 2322 - 0902 (P) ISSN: 2322 - 0910 (O) International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research Review Article REVIEW ON DHANVANTARI NIGHANTU - AN IMPORTANT AYURVEDIC LEXICON Umakant N. Rabb Assistant Professor, Dept. of Dravyaguna Vijnana, L.E.Society’s, Acharya Deshbhushan Ayurved Medical College and Hospital, Shamnewadi - Bedkihal, Chikkodi, Belagavi, Karnataka, India. ABSTRACT The word Nighantuin Ayurveda implies the group of drugs, synonyms, properties and their description of part used. Ayurveda treatment possesses herbal, mineral, animal origin products which mainly take part in the treatment of various health ailments. Dhanvantari Nighantu is one of them and is oldest Ayurvedic materia medica placed between 8th -10th AD. The original name of this lexicon is Drvayavali Samucchaya. This book contains seven Vargas namely; Guduchadi Varga, Shatapushpadi Varga, Chandanadi Varga, Karaviradi Varga, Amradi Varga, Suvarnadi Varga, and Mishrakadi Varga, and the total numbers of drugs are 527. The drugs are classified in this book are on the basis of Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka etc. The Nighantu starts with salutation to Lord Dhanvantari, then the author go on narrating the synonyms and properties of the drugs. The peculiar of this Nighantu is the Varga starts with the name of the first drug e.g, Guduchi as Guduchadi Varga. And the Vargas of the medicinal plant are explained systematically first with synonyms and then properties. Also Dadima and Kadali are not mentioned under Phala Varga but in Shatapushpadi Varga and Karaveeradi Varga respectively. The present literary study reveals the critical analysis of the text and the drugs, their properties. Further scope of study is remove the controversy of the date, plants on the basic of literature survey, gathering information by the local people, proper inspection with the microscopes, Sparsha (by touching) and compare with modern flora and fauna with taxonomical parameters. KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Dhanvantari nighantu, Vargas, Dravyavali, Paryaya, Rogagnata. INTRODUCTION The word Nighantu[1] means the group of DISCUSSION drugs, synonyms, properties and their description of The book starts with the salutation to Lord part used. The Dhanvantari Nighantu is most popular Dhanvantari, who is the God of Medicinal plants. The and oldest Nighantu among the History of Ayurveda. physician should carefully analyse the drugs with the Acharya Hemadri while commenting Astangahridaya help of Rasa, Virya, Vipaka, Prabhava andthen applied he mentioned this Nighantu in the name of for treatment. While explaining about the collection Dravyavali[2] The Dravyavali contains only the of the drugs the author has tried to rule out the synonyms of the drugs; later on the properties of the controversies.While collecting the drug a physician drugs were added. Therefore the Dhanvantari come across the similar name to the other drug, and Nighantu is the compiled book. The author of this the controversy arises, so qualified vaidya should book is still under mystery, but it is claimed that carefully analyse the properties and then applied his Mahendra Bhogika, son of Krishna Bhogika of Yukti to overcome the controversies. While Sthaneshwaranow a days called as Thanehad claimed explaining the importance of the nighantu author the author of this book.[3] This Ayurvedic materia enumerated a quotation which is admirable. He told medica placed between 8th -10th AD. The original that without the knowledge[4] of the nighantu the name of this lexicon is Drvayavali Samucchaya. This vaidya is unable to treat the patient. He quotes same book contains total seven Vargas namely; Guduchadi drug having different names can be evaluated Varga, Shatapushpadi Varga, Chandanadi Varga, carefully with the help of Gopala, Tapaswi, Shikari, Karaviradi Varga, Amradi Varga, Suvarnadi Varga, and Adivasi people. Dosha, Aushadha, Desha, Kala, and Mishrakadi Varga. And the total number of drugs Sharira, Ayu, Satmya, Bala, Agni, Samprapti, Karana, is 527. The drugs are classified in this book are on the Lakshana, Sadhyasadhyata are taking in to basis of Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka etc. consideration for the examination and treatment of the patient. The book starts with following vargas; IJAPR | August 2018 | Vol 6 | Issue 8 62 Umakant N. Rabb. Review on Dhanvantari Nighantu - An Important Ayurvedic Lexicon Atha Ganadravyavali[5] In this chapter the author vishesha. Also called Bhang (Cannabis sativa Linn), enumerated various Ganas viz; which is a short Kakoli (Roscoea procera), Ksheerakakoli- It is one of introduction of various group of drugs like Guduchadi the Roscoea species. Mashaparni (Teramnus labialis varga- Vatahara Gana, Pittahara Gana, Kapha hara Spreng), Mudgaparni (Phaseolus trilobus), Jeevanti Gana, Sannipatahara Gana, Madhura Gana, (Leptodenia reticulate W&A), Madhuyasthi Raktavatahara Gana, Vamana Gana, Virechana Gana, (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn), Kleetanakam – Avariety of Shirovirechana Gana, Asthapana Gana, Shatapushpadi Yasthimadhu, Riddhi (Habenaria sp), Vidarika varga, Chandanadi varga, Karaviradi varga, Amradi (Pueraria tuberosa DC), Ksheeravidari (Ipomoea varga, suvarnadi varga and Mishrakadi varga. digitata Linn), Kapikacchu (Mucuna pruriens DC), Guduchadi Prathama Varga[6] Dadhipushpi- It is a Kapikacchu vishesha. Sheetavara In this group there are 128 drugs has been (Celosia argentea Linn), Pashanabheda (Bergenia explained along with their synonyms and Rogagnata. ligulata Wall), Shravani-Mahasharavani (Sphaeran- The drugs are as follows; thus indicus Linn, Sphaeranthus africans Linn), Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus R. Br), Bakuchi (Psoralea Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd) Miers), corylifolia Linn), Madana (Randia dumetorum Lam), Ativisha (Aconitum heterophyllum Wall), Murva Katukalambuni (Lagenaria vulgaris Ser), Jeemutaka (Marsedenia tenacissima W&A), Morata (Maerua (Luffa achinata Roxb), Trapusa (Ccumis sativus Linn), arenaria Hook )- It is and variety of Murva, Manjistha Urvaru (Cucumis utilissimus Roxb), Valukam, Sheerna (Rubia cordifolia Linn), Dhanvayasa (Fagonia Arabica vrintam, Dangari, Vandhya karkotaki, Karkotaki Linn), Yasa (Alhagi pseudalhagi Desv)-It is a variety (Mimordica dioica Roxb) are Trapusa vishesha. of Dhanvayasa, Vasaka (Adhatoda vasica Nees), Chirbhita, Kushmandika (Benincasa ceribera Savi), Khadira (Acacia catechu Willd), Somavalka (Acasia Dhamargava (Luffa aegyptiaca Mill ex Hook), suma Kurz)- It is one ariety of Khadira. Nimba Koshataki (Luffa acutangula Linn, Ashmantaka (Ficus (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), Mahanimba (Melia cordifolia Roxb), Kovidara (Bauhinia purpureaLinn), azadarach Linn), Kiratatikta (Swertia chirata Buch- Avartaki (Cassia auriculata Linn),Shanapushpi ham), Katuka (Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth), (Crotaria verrucosa Linn), Bimbi (Coccinia indica W.& Mustha (Cyperus rotundus Linn, Cyperous scariosus R. A.), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz), Vibhitak Br), Jalamustha- It is variety of Mustha. Parpata (Terminalia belerica Roxb), Amalaki (Phyllanthus (Fumaria indica Pugsley), Balakam (Coleus emblica Linn), Prachinamalaka (Flacourtia vettiveroides K. C. Jacob), Patola (Trichosanthes dioica cataphracta Roxb), Aragvadha (Cassia fistula Linn), Roxb), Swadu patra phala- It is Patola variety. Karnikara- An Aragvadha vishesha. Danti Haridra (Curcuma longa Linn), Daru haridra (Berberis (Baliospermum montanum Muell), Varani- A Danti aristata DC), Shati (Hedychium spicatum Buch Ham), vishesha. Jyapala (Croton tiglium Linn), Dravanti, Gandhapalashi- It is a variety of Shati. Pushakara Nilini (Indigofera tinctoria Linn), Snuhi (Euphorbia moola (Inula racemoa Hook), Bharangi nerifolia Linn), Satala, Ksheerini-Swarna ksheeri (Clerodendrum serratum Spreng), Patha (Cissampelos (Euphorbia thomsoniana Boiss, Argemone Mexicana pareira Linn), Shwasari- It is variety of Patha. Linn), Shyama (Operculina terpethum Silva manso), Katphala (Myrica nagi Thunb), Devadaru (Cedrus Shuklabhandi- A Shyama vishesha, Indravaruni deodara Linn), Katruna (Cymbopogon martini Roxb), (Citrullus colocynthis Schrad), Vishala (Trichosanthus Kapatam- It is Katruna variety. Guntha (Typha palmate Roxb), Shetapushpi- It is an Indravaruni elephantine Roxb), Shrungi (Pistacia integerrima vishesha. Trayamana (Gentian kurroo Royle), Stew. ex. Brandis), Ajashrungi- Variety of Shrungi. Yavatikta, Ankota (Alangium salvifolium Linn), Shalaparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC), Shalaparni Apaarga (Achyranthes aspera Linn), Raktapushpa- an vishesha, Prushniparni (Ureria picta Desv), Apamarga vishesha, Tejaswini, Jyotishmati (Celastrus Prishnaparni vishesha, Bruhati (Solanum indicum paniculataus Willd), Rasna (Pluchea lanceolata Oliver Linn), Kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad and & Hiern), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal), Wendl), Lakshmana, Kasagni, Vruntaki, are the Punarnava (Trianthema portulacastrum Linn), Krura varieties of Bruhati. Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris (Boerhaavia diffusa Linn), Saireyaka- has three Linn), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr), Agnimantha species -Sheta rakta (Barleria cristata Linn), Peeta (Premna latifolia Roxb, Clerodendrum phlomidis (Barleria prionitis Linn), Neela (Barleria stribosa Linn), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent), Kashmarya Linn). Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn), Mahabala (Sida (Gmelina arborea Linn), Patala (Stereospermum rhombifolia Linn), Gangeruki (Grewia populifolia suaveolense DC), Kasthapatala- It is Patala vishesha. Vahl), Atibala (Abutilon indicum Linn), Prasarini (Sida Jeevaka (Microstylis wallichi Lindl), Rishabhaka veronicaefolia Lam), Shatavari (Asperagus racemosus (Microstylis
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