ISSN: 2322 - 0902 (P) ISSN: 2322 - 0910 (O) International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research

Review Article

REVIEW ON DHANVANTARI NIGHANTU - AN IMPORTANT AYURVEDIC LEXICON Umakant N. Rabb Assistant Professor, Dept. of Dravyaguna Vijnana, L.E.Society’s, Acharya Deshbhushan Ayurved Medical College and Hospital, Shamnewadi - Bedkihal, Chikkodi, Belagavi, Karnataka, India. ABSTRACT The word Nighantuin Ayurveda implies the group of drugs, synonyms, properties and their description of part used. Ayurveda treatment possesses herbal, mineral, animal origin products which mainly take part in the treatment of various health ailments. Dhanvantari Nighantu is one of them and is oldest Ayurvedic materia medica placed between 8th -10th AD. The original name of this lexicon is Drvayavali Samucchaya. This book contains seven Vargas namely; Guduchadi Varga, Shatapushpadi Varga, Chandanadi Varga, Karaviradi Varga, Amradi Varga, Suvarnadi Varga, and Mishrakadi Varga, and the total numbers of drugs are 527. The drugs are classified in this book are on the basis of Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka etc. The Nighantu starts with salutation to Lord Dhanvantari, then the author go on narrating the synonyms and properties of the drugs. The peculiar of this Nighantu is the Varga starts with the name of the first drug e.g, Guduchi as Guduchadi Varga. And the Vargas of the medicinal plant are explained systematically first with synonyms and then properties. Also Dadima and Kadali are not mentioned under Phala Varga but in Shatapushpadi Varga and Karaveeradi Varga respectively. The present literary study reveals the critical analysis of the text and the drugs, their properties. Further scope of study is remove the controversy of the date, plants on the basic of literature survey, gathering information by the local people, proper inspection with the microscopes, Sparsha (by touching) and compare with modern flora and fauna with taxonomical parameters. KEYWORDS: Ayurveda, Dhanvantari nighantu, Vargas, Dravyavali, Paryaya, Rogagnata. INTRODUCTION The word Nighantu[1] means the group of DISCUSSION drugs, synonyms, properties and their description of The book starts with the salutation to Lord part used. The Dhanvantari Nighantu is most popular Dhanvantari, who is the God of Medicinal plants. The and oldest Nighantu among the History of Ayurveda. physician should carefully analyse the drugs with the Acharya Hemadri while commenting Astangahridaya help of Rasa, Virya, Vipaka, Prabhava andthen applied he mentioned this Nighantu in the name of for treatment. While explaining about the collection Dravyavali[2] The Dravyavali contains only the of the drugs the author has tried to rule out the synonyms of the drugs; later on the properties of the controversies.While collecting the drug a physician drugs were added. Therefore the Dhanvantari come across the similar name to the other drug, and Nighantu is the compiled book. The author of this the controversy arises, so qualified vaidya should book is still under mystery, but it is claimed that carefully analyse the properties and then applied his Mahendra Bhogika, son of Krishna Bhogika of Yukti to overcome the controversies. While Sthaneshwaranow a days called as Thanehad claimed explaining the importance of the nighantu author the author of this book.[3] This Ayurvedic materia enumerated a quotation which is admirable. He told medica placed between 8th -10th AD. The original that without the knowledge[4] of the nighantu the name of this lexicon is Drvayavali Samucchaya. This vaidya is unable to treat the patient. He quotes same book contains total seven Vargas namely; Guduchadi drug having different names can be evaluated Varga, Shatapushpadi Varga, Chandanadi Varga, carefully with the help of Gopala, Tapaswi, Shikari, Karaviradi Varga, Amradi Varga, Suvarnadi Varga, and Adivasi people. Dosha, Aushadha, Desha, Kala, and Mishrakadi Varga. And the total number of drugs Sharira, Ayu, Satmya, Bala, Agni, Samprapti, Karana, is 527. The drugs are classified in this book are on the Lakshana, Sadhyasadhyata are taking in to basis of Rasa, Guna, Virya, Vipaka etc. consideration for the examination and treatment of the patient. The book starts with following vargas;

IJAPR | August 2018 | Vol 6 | Issue 8 62 Umakant N. Rabb. Review on Dhanvantari Nighantu - An Important Ayurvedic Lexicon Atha Ganadravyavali[5] In this chapter the author vishesha. Also called Bhang (Cannabis sativa Linn), enumerated various Ganas viz; which is a short Kakoli (Roscoea procera), Ksheerakakoli- It is one of introduction of various group of drugs like Guduchadi the Roscoea species. Mashaparni (Teramnus labialis varga- Vatahara Gana, Pittahara Gana, Kapha hara Spreng), Mudgaparni (Phaseolus trilobus), Jeevanti Gana, Sannipatahara Gana, Madhura Gana, (Leptodenia reticulate W&A), Madhuyasthi Raktavatahara Gana, Vamana Gana, Virechana Gana, (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn), Kleetanakam – Avariety of Shirovirechana Gana, Asthapana Gana, Shatapushpadi Yasthimadhu, Riddhi (Habenaria sp), Vidarika varga, Chandanadi varga, Karaviradi varga, Amradi (Pueraria tuberosa DC), Ksheeravidari (Ipomoea varga, suvarnadi varga and Mishrakadi varga. digitata Linn), Kapikacchu (Mucuna pruriens DC), Guduchadi Prathama Varga[6] Dadhipushpi- It is a Kapikacchu vishesha. Sheetavara In this group there are 128 drugs has been (Celosia argentea Linn), Pashanabheda (Bergenia explained along with their synonyms and Rogagnata. ligulata Wall), Shravani-Mahasharavani (Sphaeran- The drugs are as follows; thus indicus Linn, Sphaeranthus africans Linn), Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus R. Br), Bakuchi (Psoralea Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia (Willd) Miers), corylifolia Linn), Madana (Randia dumetorum Lam), Ativisha (Aconitum heterophyllum Wall), Murva Katukalambuni (Lagenaria vulgaris Ser), Jeemutaka (Marsedenia tenacissima W&A), Morata (Maerua (Luffa achinata Roxb), Trapusa (Ccumis sativus Linn), arenaria Hook )- It is and variety of Murva, Manjistha Urvaru (Cucumis utilissimus Roxb), Valukam, Sheerna (Rubia cordifolia Linn), Dhanvayasa (Fagonia Arabica vrintam, Dangari, Vandhya karkotaki, Karkotaki Linn), Yasa (Alhagi pseudalhagi Desv)-It is a variety (Mimordica dioica Roxb) are Trapusa vishesha. of Dhanvayasa, Vasaka (Adhatoda vasica Nees), Chirbhita, Kushmandika (Benincasa ceribera Savi), Khadira (Acacia catechu Willd), Somavalka (Acasia Dhamargava (Luffa aegyptiaca Mill ex Hook), suma Kurz)- It is one ariety of Khadira. Nimba Koshataki (Luffa acutangula Linn, Ashmantaka (Ficus (Azadirachta indica A. Juss), Mahanimba (Melia cordifolia Roxb), Kovidara (Bauhinia purpureaLinn), azadarach Linn), Kiratatikta (Swertia chirata Buch- Avartaki (Cassia auriculata Linn),Shanapushpi ham), Katuka (Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth), (Crotaria verrucosa Linn), Bimbi (Coccinia indica W.& Mustha (Cyperus rotundus Linn, Cyperous scariosus R. A.), Haritaki (Terminalia chebula Retz), Vibhitak Br), Jalamustha- It is variety of Mustha. Parpata (Terminalia belerica Roxb), Amalaki (Phyllanthus (Fumaria indica Pugsley), Balakam (Coleus emblica Linn), Prachinamalaka (Flacourtia vettiveroides K. C. Jacob), Patola (Trichosanthes dioica cataphracta Roxb), Aragvadha (Cassia fistula Linn), Roxb), Swadu patra phala- It is Patola variety. Karnikara- An Aragvadha vishesha. Danti Haridra (Curcuma longa Linn), Daru haridra (Berberis (Baliospermum montanum Muell), Varani- A Danti aristata DC), Shati (Hedychium spicatum Buch Ham), vishesha. Jyapala (Croton tiglium Linn), Dravanti, Gandhapalashi- It is a variety of Shati. Pushakara Nilini (Indigofera tinctoria Linn), Snuhi (Euphorbia moola (Inula racemoa Hook), Bharangi nerifolia Linn), Satala, Ksheerini-Swarna ksheeri (Clerodendrum serratum Spreng), Patha (Cissampelos (Euphorbia thomsoniana Boiss, Argemone Mexicana pareira Linn), Shwasari- It is variety of Patha. Linn), Shyama (Operculina terpethum Silva manso), Katphala (Myrica nagi Thunb), Devadaru (Cedrus Shuklabhandi- A Shyama vishesha, Indravaruni deodara Linn), Katruna (Cymbopogon martini Roxb), (Citrullus colocynthis Schrad), Vishala (Trichosanthus Kapatam- It is Katruna variety. Guntha (Typha palmate Roxb), Shetapushpi- It is an Indravaruni elephantine Roxb), Shrungi (Pistacia integerrima vishesha. Trayamana (Gentian kurroo Royle), Stew. ex. Brandis), Ajashrungi- Variety of Shrungi. Yavatikta, Ankota (Alangium salvifolium Linn), Shalaparni (Desmodium gangeticum DC), Shalaparni Apaarga (Achyranthes aspera Linn), Raktapushpa- an vishesha, Prushniparni (Ureria picta Desv), Apamarga vishesha, Tejaswini, Jyotishmati (Celastrus Prishnaparni vishesha, Bruhati (Solanum indicum paniculataus Willd), Rasna (Pluchea lanceolata Oliver Linn), Kantakari (Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad and & Hiern), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera Dunal), Wendl), Lakshmana, Kasagni, Vruntaki, are the Punarnava (Trianthema portulacastrum Linn), Krura varieties of Bruhati. Gokshura (Tribulus terrestris (Boerhaavia diffusa Linn), Saireyaka- has three Linn), Bilva (Aegle marmelos Corr), Agnimantha species -Sheta rakta (Barleria cristata Linn), Peeta (Premna latifolia Roxb, Clerodendrum phlomidis (Barleria prionitis Linn), Neela (Barleria stribosa Linn), Shyonaka (Oroxylum indicum Vent), Kashmarya Linn). Bala (Sida cordifolia Linn), Mahabala (Sida (Gmelina arborea Linn), Patala (Stereospermum rhombifolia Linn), Gangeruki (Grewia populifolia suaveolense DC), Kasthapatala- It is Patala vishesha. Vahl), Atibala (Abutilon indicum Linn), Prasarini (Sida Jeevaka (Microstylis wallichi Lindl), Rishabhaka veronicaefolia Lam), Shatavari (Asperagus racemosus (Microstylis muscifera Ridley), Meda- Mahameda Willd), Sahasra virya (Asperagus sarmentosus Linn), (Polydonatum Verticillatum All), Vijaya- It is Meda Eranda (Ricinus communis Linn). Available online at: http://ijapr.in 63 Int. J. Ayur. Pharma Research, 2018;6(8):62-68 Shatapushpadi Dwitiya Varga[7]- In this group 54 Pariplavam- a Cyperus sp. Nakham (Helix aspera), drugs have been mentioned. Vyaghra nakha, Sprukka (Delphinium zalil Aitch & Shatapushpa (Peucedanum graveolens Linn), Hemsl), Bola (Commiphora myrrha Holmes), Damana Mishreya (Foeniculum vulgare Mill), Vacha (Acorus (Artemisia vulgaris Linn), Dama- Damana vishesha. calamus Linn), Hapusha (Juniperus communis Linn), Mura (Selinum sp), Sthauneyaka (Taxus baccata Vidanga (Embelia ribes Burm), Kutaja (Holarrheana Linn), Choraka (Angelica glauca Edgw), Shaileya antidysenterica Wall), Indrayava, Yavakshara, (Parmelia perlata Ach), Elavaluka (Prunus cerasus Swarjikshara, Tankana kshara, Saindhava, Vida Linn), Sarala (Pinus longifolia Roxb), Saptaparna lavana, Sauvarchala, Audhbhida lavana, Samudra (Alstonia scholaris R. Br), Laksha (Lac), Tamalaki lavana, Hingu (Ferula foetida Regel), Hingu patri, Nadi (Phyllanthus niruri-Bhumi amalaki), Lamajjaka, hingu (Gardenia gummifera Linn), Tumburu Padmaka (Prunus puddum Roxb. Ex Wall), Dhataki (Zanthoxylum alatum Roxb), Sukshma ela (Elettaria (Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz), Prapaundarika, cardamomum Maton), Bhadra ela (Amomum Karchura (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc), Manashila subulatum Roxb), Nagakeshara (Mesua ferrea Linn), (Realgar), Sidhura (Redlead), Girisindhura, Saurashtri Twak (Cinnamomum cassia Blume), Tamala patra mruttika (Multani mitti), Gandhaka (Sulphur), (Cinnamomum tamala Nees & Eberm). Talisa patra Vatasaugandhika, Ambika, Siktaka (Wax), Raala, (Abies webbiana Lindl), Vamsha lochana, Palasha Kasisa (Iron sulphate), Pushpa kasisa- a variety of gandha, Upakunchi (Nigella sativa Linn), Dadima kasisa, Guggulu (Balsamodendron mukul Hook ex (Punica granatum Linn), Dhanyaka (Coriandrum Stocks), Kunduru, Shriveshthaka, Shallaki (Boswellia sativum Linn), Jeeraka, Shukla jeeraka (Cuminum serrate Roxb), Kampillaka (Mallotus philippinensis cyminum Linn), Krishna jeeraka, Bruhatpali- Are Muell Arg), Kankustha,Bhallataka (Semicarpus Jeeraka vishesha, Pippali (Piper longum Linn), Pippali anacardium Linn), Tutthya (Copper sulphate), Hema Root of moola- Piper longum., Chavika (Piper chaba makshikam (Copper pyrite), Anjana (Galena), Hunter), Gajapippali – It is the fruit of Chavya. Samudraphena (Os sepiae), Chakshushya (Cassia Chitraka (Plumbago zeylanica Linn), Shunthi (Zingiber absus Linn), Rasanjana, Pushpanjana (Zinc oxide), officinale Roscoe), Ardraka, Maricha (Piper nigrum Shilajatu, Gairika (Ochre), Suvarna gairika, Kataka Linn), Shetamaricha- The fruit of Shigru beeja. Yavani (Strychnos potatorum Linn), Lodhra (Symplocos (Trachuspermum ammi Linn), Chauhara (Artemisia racemosa Roxb), Kramuka- A Lodhra vishesha. maritime Linn), Yavani (Hyoscymus niger Linn), Shankha (Conch). Vrukshamla (Garcinia indica), Amlavetasa (Garcinia Karaviradi Chaturtha Varga[9]- In this group 75 prdunculata Roxb), Ajamoda (Trachyspermum drugs are mentioned. roxburghianum DC), Ajagandha, Kapittha (Feronia Karaveera (Nerium indicum Mill), elephantum Correa), Sharakara, Madhu sharakara- Chakramarda (Cassia tora Linn), Dhattura (Datura Yavasa sharakara are Sharakara vishesha. starmonium Linn), Langali (Gloriosa superba Linn), Chandanadi Tritiya Varga[8]- In this group 79 drugs Bhringaraj (Eclipta alba Hassk), Arka (Calptropis have been enumerated. procera R. Br), Rajarka (Calotropis gigantia Linn), Chandana (Santalum album Linn), Rakta Buka (Osmanthus fragrans Lour), Kakamachi Chandan (Pterocarpus santalinus Linn), Kuchandana (Solanum nigrum Linn), Kakajangha, Kakanasa, (Caesalpina sappan Linn), Kaliyakam (Yellow variety Kakadani, Chudamani, Shweta kambhoji - a of Chandan), Barbarikam- a variety of Chandan. Kakamachi variety, Moolaka (Raphanus sativus Linn), Kumkuma (Crocus sativus Linn), Ushira (Vetiveria Chanakyamulaka, Grinjana- are variety of Moolaka, zizaniodes Linn), Priyangu (Callicarpa macrophylla Shigru (Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn), Sarshapa Vahl), Tooni (Cedrela toona Roxb), Gorochana (Brassica campestrisPrain), Rajakshavaka- a variety (Bezoar), Turushka (Liquidamber orientalis Miller), of sarshapa, Bhustruna (Hyptis suaveolens Poit), Agaru (Aquilaria agallocha Roxb), Kaleyaka- An Agaru Surasa (Ocimum sanctum Linn), Jambeera, Kutheraka, vishesha. Kasturi (Moschus moschiferus Linn), Karpura Shaluka, Sumukha, Asuri (Brassica juncea Linn), (Cinnamomum camphora Nees & Eberm), Jatipatri Kandira (Ranunculus scleratus Linn), Jala pippali (Myristica fragrans Houtt)- The red outer covering of (Lippia nodifora Mich), Rasona (Allium sativum Linn), the Jatiphala is known as Jatipatri. Jatipahala Mahakanda- A Rasona variety, Garjar (Daucus carota (Myristica fragrans Houtt), Kankolaka (Piper cubeba DC), Palandu (Allium cepa Linn), Kadali (Musa Linn), Pooga (Areca catechu Linn), Lavanga sapientum Linn), Kastha kadali- A Kadali vishesha, (Syzygium aromaticum Linn), Nalika, Mansi Sindhuvara (Vitex negundo Linn), Shephalika, (Nordostachys jatamansi DC), Gandha mansi (Selinum Ashwakhura, Jantukari, Padmacharini, Varahi (Grusthi tenuifolium Wall), Kustha (Saussurea lappa C.B. – Dioscorea bulbifera Linn), Mamsa rohini (Soymida Clark), Renuka, Tagara (Valeriana wallichi DC), febrifuga A. Juss), Vrindaka (Loranthus longiflorus

IJAPR | August 2018 | Vol 6 | Issue 8 64 Umakant N. Rabb. Review on Dhanvantari Nighantu - An Important Ayurvedic Lexicon Desr), Suvarchala, Bramhi- a Suvarchala vishesha, (Salix caprea Linn), Varuna (Crataeva nurvala Buch- Nakuli (Rouwolfia serpentine Benth ex Kurz), Gandha Ham), Shinshipa (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb), Sarja nakuli (Ophiorrhiza mungos Linn), Vriddhadaru (Vateria indica Linn), Ashwakarana (Dipterocarpus (Argyreria speciosa Sweet), Lajjalu (Mimosa pudica alatus Roxb), Shala (Shorea robusta Gaertn), Asana Linn), Hansapadi (Adiantum lunulatum Burn), (Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb), Shalmali (Bombax Shankhapushpi (Convolvulus pluricaulis Chois), malabaricum DC), Rohitaka (Pecomella undulate Vishnukranta- A Shankhapushpi vishesha, Tanduliya Seem), Mushkaka (Schrebera swietenioides Roxb), (Amaranthus spinosus Linn), Kasamarda (Cassia Irimeda (Acacia farnesiana Willd), Mallika (Jasminum occidentalis Linn), Ikshu (Saccharum, officinarum sambac Ait), Varshiki (Jasminum sp), Jati (Jasminum Linn), Guda (Jaggery), Kasha (Saccharum spontaneum grandiflorum Linn), Vasanti (Jasminum sp), Graishmi Linn), Munja, Darbha (Imperata cylindrical Beauv), (Jsminum sp), Champaka (Michelia champaka Linn), Kusha (Desmostachya bipinnata Stapf), Shara, Vamsha Taruni, Kubjaka (Rosa moschata Herrm), Yuthika (Bambusa arundinaceae Willd), Nala (Phragmites (Jasminum auriculatum Vahi), Kunda (Jasminum kirka Trin), Mahanala- A variety of Nala, Durva pibescens Willd), Shatapatri, Atimukta (Hiptage (Cynodon dactylon Linn), Shweta durva, Gandadurva, madablota Gaertn), Bakula (Mimusops elengi Lam), Pundarika, Saugandhika, Raktapadma, Kumuda and Kinkirata (Garuga pinnata Roxb), Tilaka (Wendlandia Shudrotpala- Are variety of Pundarika, Padmini exerta DC), Ashoka (Saraca ashoka Linn), Kimshuka (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn), Padmabeeja, Mrunala, (Butea frondosa Koen ex Roxb). Padmamula, Padmakeshara. Suvarnadi Shashtha Varga[11] - In this group various Amradi Panchama Varga[10]-In this group 74 drugs sub-groups have been mentioned. have been enumerated. 1. Dhatu Varga- Which contains metals viz; Amra (Mangifera indica Linn), Kshudramra Suvarn (Gold), Raupya (Silver), Tamra (Copper), (Schleichera trijuga Willd), Rajamra- An Amra Trapu (Tin), Reetika (Brass), Seesaka (Lead), vishesha, Amrataka (Spondias mangifera Willd), Kansya (Bell metal), Loha (Iron), Varta loha, Jambeera (Citrus limon Linn), Madhu jambeera- A Lohocchistha -A Loha vishesha, Parada (Mercury), Jambeera vishesha, Naranga (Citrus reticulata Hingula-Parada choorna vishesha. Blanco), Beejapura (Citrus medica Linn), Madhu- 2. Ratna Varga- Which contains precious stones Viz; karkati (Citrus decumana Linn), Amlika (Tamarindus Vaikranta (Tourmaline), Garutmata (Emerald), indica Linn), Kshudramlika- An Amlika vishesha, Hiraka (Diamond), Rajavarta- A Variety of Aruka (Prunus persica Batsch), Bhavya (Dillenia Diamond, Mauktika (Pearl), Pravala (Coral). indica Linn), Tinduka (Diospyros embryopteris Pers), Vikantaka (Flacourtia ramontchii Herit), Madhuka 3. Dhanya- Which contains grains Viz; (Bassia latifolia Roxb), Jalaja- A Madhuka vishesha, Shali (Oryza sativa Linn), Vrihi, Yava (Hordeum Peelu (Salvadora persica Linn), Kharjuri (Phoenix vulgare Linn), Mudga (Phaseolus aureus Roxb), sylvestris Roxb), Pinda Kharjura (Phoenix dactylifera Rajamasha (Vigna catiang Walp), Kodrava Linn), Draksha (Vitis vinifera Linn), Uttarapathika- A (Paspalum scrobiculatum Linn), Neevara Draksha vishesha, Akshodaka (Juglans regia Linn), (Hygroryza aristata Nees), Shyamaka (Echinochloa Parushaka (Grewia asiatica Linn), Tooda (Morus frumentacea Linn), Priyangu (Setaria italica Linn), indica Griff), Palevata, Taala (Borassus flabellifer Makustha (Phaseolus aconitifolius Jac), Adhaki Linn), Maad- A Taala vishesha, Priyala (Buchanania (Cajanus indicus Spreng), Masura (Ervum lens latifolia Roxb), Narikela (Cocos nucifera Linn), Vata Linn), Godhuma (Triticum sativum Linn), (Ficus bengalensis Linn), Ashwattha (Ficus religiosa Dhanyamasha (Phaseolus mungo Linn), Chanaka Linn), Plaksha (Ficus infectoria Roxb), Jambu (Cicer arietinum Linn), Kalaya (Pisum sativum (Eugenia jambolana Lam), Udumbara (Ficus Linn), Kulattha (Dolichos biflorus Linn), Joorna- a glomerata Roxb), Kakodumbarika (Ficus hispida Dhanya vishesha, Karata (Lathyrus sativus Linn), Linn), Rajadana (Mimusops hexandra Roxb), Nishpava (Dolichos lablab Linn), Methika Shleshmataka (Cordia myxa Roxb), Shami (Prosopis (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn), Vanamethika- spicigera Linn), Badara (Zizyphus sativa, Kola A variety of Methika. Atasi (Linum usitatissimum (Zizyphus jujube Lam), Karkandhu, Kshudra Badara- Linn), Kusumbha (Carthamus tinctorius Linn), Zizyphus nummularia W&A), Kareera (Capparis Khastila (Papaver somniferum Linn), Aphuka-An aphylla Roth), Karamarda (Carissa carandas Linn), exudate of the Khastila, Tila (Sesamum indicum Kadamba (Anthocephalus cadamba Mig), Karanja Linn). (Pongamia pinnata Linn), Udakirya, Angara valli, - 4. Drava-Dravya- In this group various liquids are Are Karanja vishesha, Shirisha (Albizzia lebbeck explained. Viz; Benth), Arjuna (Terminalia arjuna W & A), Vatasa

Available online at: http://ijapr.in 65 Int. J. Ayur. Pharma Research, 2018;6(8):62-68 Taila-Tila taila, Atasi taila, Sarshapa taila, Eranda Mishrakadi Saptama Varga[12]- In this group taila, Kusumbha taila, Koshamra taila, Atmagupta various sub-groups of drugs are explained. Viz; taila, Nimba taila, Aksha taila. 1. Triphala (Haritaki, Vibhitaki, Amalaki) Ghrita- Goghrita, Mahisha ghrita, Aja ghrita, Avika 2. Swadu Triphala (Draksha, Kharjura, Gambhari) ghrita, Ushtri ghrita, Ashwa ghrita, Gardabhi 3. Sugandhi Triphala (Jatiphala, Ela, Lavanga) ghrita, Hasthini ghrita, Stree ghrita, Purana ghrita. 4. Trikatu (Maricha, Pippali, Shunthi) Dugdha- Godugdha, Ajapaya, Aurabhra paya, 5. Trikarshika (Shunthi, Ativisha, Mustha) Mahishi paya, Usthri paya, Ashwapaya, Gardabhi paya, Manushi paya, Hasthini paya, 6. Chaturbhadra (Shunthi, Ativisha, Mustha, Guduchi) Dadhi- Mathita, Godadhi, Ajadadhi, Aurabhradadhi, Mahishi dadhi, Ushtri dadhi, Ashwa dadhi, Gardabhi 7. Dwitiya Chaturbhadra (Ela, Twak, Patra, dadhi, Hasthini dadhi, Stree dadhi, Rutu vishesha Maricha) dadhi guna. 8. Tritiya Chaturbhadra (Twak, Ela, Patra, Takra- Takra bheda, Takra samanya guna, Pakwa- Nagkeshara) Apakwa Takra guna, Takra nishedha, Takra sevana, 9. Panchakola (Pippali, Pippalimula, Chavya, Dosha-vishesha takra guna, Takra kurchika, Mnda, Chitraka, Shunthi) Kilata, Morata, Navaneta. 10. Panchavalkala (Nyagrodha, Udumbara, Madhu- Madhu samanya guna, Bhramara guna, Ashwattha, Plaksha, Vetasa) Kshaudra madhu, Makshika madhu, Madhvi sita. 11. Panchabringa (Devadali, Shami, Bringaraja, Madya- Shukta, Kanjika, Sauviraka-Tushodaka, Nirgundi, Shanapushpi) Sura, Madya guna,Yava sura-Madhulika, Akshiki 12. Pancha-Pancha mula sura, Sidhubheda, Madhuka sidhu, Rasasava, Brihat Panchamula (Bilva, Agnimantha, Kohala, Bakkasa, Mardvika, Kharjura, Gauda sidhi- Shyonaka, Gambhari, Patala) Sharkara sidhu, Madhwasava, Surasava, Maireya, Madhyama Panchamula (Bala, Punarnava, Akshiki sidhu, Jambava sidhu, Aristha,Nava-jeerna Eranda, Mashaparni, Mudgaparni) madya guna, Varjya madya. Jivana panchamula (Jivaka, Rishabhaka, Meda, Jala- Jala guna, Nadeya jala, Sarasa jala, Tadaga Jivanti, Shatavari) jala, Vaapi jala, Chundi jala, Prasravana jala, Trina panchamula (Shara, Ikshu, Darbha, Kasha, Audbhida jala, Kedara jala, Palvala jala, Saudra Shali) jala, Himalaya jala, Surya and Chndra sansrushtha Kantaki panchamula (Himsra, Saireyaka, jala, Anupa jala, Jangala and Sadharana jala guna, Gokshura, Shatavari, Karamarda) Kwathitha jala guna, Varjya jala, Pancha vidha bhauma jala, Narikela jala. 13. Laghu Panchamula- Shalaparni, Prishni parni, Brihati, Kntakarai, Gokshura Mamsa Dravya- Manusha, Stree, Sharira, Vaacha, Vayu, Pitta, Shleshma, Moha, Prakriti, Asthi, Mamsa, 14. Dashamula-Laghu panchamula+ Brihat Vasa, Rakta, Shukra, Majja, Rasa, Sapta Dhatu, panchamula Hasthi mamsa, Ashwa mamsa, Ushtra mamsa, 15. Jivaniya Gana/Madhura Gana (Jivaka, Gardabhi mamsa, Ashwatara mamsa, Chaga, Rishabhaka, Medha, Mahameda, Kakoli, Kshira Mesha, Vruka, Vyaghra, Sharabha, Simha, Shukara, kakoli, Mashaparni, Mudgaparni, Jivanti, Mruga, Mahisha, Vrishabha, Go, Matsya, and Matsya Yasthimadhu bheda, Rohita, Pathina, Shaphari, Jalamina, Nadeya 16. Veshavara (Shunthi, Maricha, Pippali, matsya guna, Kachhapa mamsa, Deergha tundi Pippalimula, Dhanyaka, Jiraka, Dadima) (Amushika) mamsa, Mushaka mamsa, 17. Sambhara guna, Shikharini- Are medicinal Mahamushaka, Bidala, Gandhamarjara, Shrugala, preparations Tarakshu, Kukkura, Vanara, Mayura, Bhramara, 18. Sarvaushadhi (Kustha, Jatamamsi, Haridra, Shuka, Sarika, Chakravaka, Hamsa, Kukkuta, Lava, Daruharidra, Mura, Shaileya, Champaka, Vacha, Kokila, Kaka, Bhalla, Bhasa, Uluka, Kshudra uluka, Karpura, Mustha) Sarpa, Sarpa vishesha, Manduka, Karkata. 19. Sugandhamalaka- Dried fruit of Amalaki Mala- Gomaya 20. Panchasugandhika (Kankola, Pooga, Lavanga, Mutra- Samanya mutra guna, Gomutra guna, Aja Jatiphala, Karpura) mutra, Meshi mutra, Mahishi mutra, Gaja mutra, 21. Parardha (Chandana and Chandana pushpa) Ashwa mutra, Ushtra mutra, Gardabha mutra, Manusha mutra. 22. Yaksha kardama/Mahasugandha (Kumkuma, Agaru, Karpura, Kasthuri, Chandana) Meda, Twak, Roma.

IJAPR | August 2018 | Vol 6 | Issue 8 66 Umakant N. Rabb. Review on Dhanvantari Nighantu - An Important Ayurvedic Lexicon 23. Mantha- It is a dietary preparation which is 48. Panchavidha kalpa (Rasa, Churna, Kashaya, advised in Tarpana Karma in which Sattu, ghee Avalaeha, Kalka) and bit water is added and churned well. The 49. Pathya, Arogya, Niroga, Vaidya, Ahara preparation neither much liquid nor solid form. synonyms 24. Santarpana (Draksha, Dadiama, Kharjura, 50. Asthavidha Anna (Bhojya, Peya, Choshya, Lehya, Sharkara, Laja churna, Madhu, Ghee) Khadya, Chavya, Peya, Bhakshya) 25. Pachamruta (Go ghrita, Godadhi, Godugdha, 51. Saptadhatu (Suvarna, Raupya, Tamra, Ranga, Madhu, Sharakara) Yashada, Seesa, Loha) 26. Pachagavya (Gomutra, Gomaya, Godugdha, 52. Upadhatu (Swarnamakshika, Taramakshika, Godadhi, Goghrita) Tutthya, Kansya, Reeti/Pittala, Sindhura, 27. Panchamla (Beejapura, Jambira, Naranga, Shilajatu) Amlavetasa, Tintidi 53. Navaratna (Mukta, Hiraka, Vaidurya, Padmaraga, 28. Dwitiya Panchamla (Kola, Dadima, Vrikshamla, Pushparaga, Gomeda, Neela, Garutmata, Pravala) Chukra, Amlavetasa) 54. Pancharatna (Padmaraga, Indraneela, Marakat, 29. Panchanimbaka (Nimba patra, Nimba pushpa, Pushparaga, Vajra) Nimba phala, Nimba twak, Nimba mula) 55. Uparatna (Kacha, Karpura, Muktashukti, Shanka, 30. Lavana Panchaka (Saindhava, Audbhida, etc) Samudra, Bid, Sauvarchala) 56. Uparasa (Gandahaka, Hingula, Abhraka, 31. Pancha shirisha/Pancha sarpaka (Shirisha Haratala, Manashila, Strotonjna, Tankana, patra, Shirisha pushpa, Shirisha twak, Shirisha Rajavarta, Chumbaka, Sphatika, Shankha, Khatika, phala, Shirisha mula) Gairika, Kasisa, Rasaka, Kapardika, Sikata, Bola, 32. Panchanga (Twak, Patra, Phala, Pushpa, Mula) Kankustha, Saurashtri) 33. Pancha surana (Atyamla parni, Kandira, 57. Sadharana rasa (Kampillaka, Gauripashana, Malakanda, Gramya, Vanya surana) Navasadara, Kapardika, Vanhijara, Girisindhura, 34. Pancha siddhaushadhi (Tailakanda, Hingula, Bodarashringa) Sudhakanda, Krodakanda, Rudanti, Sarpakshi) 58. Dhatu (Tara, Tamra, Pittala, Naga, Hema, Vanga, 35. Rakta Varga (Dadima, Palasha, Laksha, Tikshna loha, Kansya, Mandura) Bandhuka, Nishapushpa, Manjishta) 59. Visha-Visha bheda (Sthavara, and Jangama) 36. Shukla Varga (Shankha, Shukti, Varatika, 60. Stahavara visha (Kalakuta, Vatsanabha Bhristashma Sharkara) (Aconitum ferox Wall), Shrungika (Aconitum 37. Pancha gana (Shalaparni, Prishniparni, Brihati, chasmnthum Stapf ex Holmes), Pradiapana, Kantakari, Gokshura) Brmhaputra, Halahala, Saktuka, Saurasthrika, Haridra) 38. Mutrasthaka (Gomutra, Avimutra, Ajamutra, Mahishi mutra, Gajamutra, Ashwamutra, 61. Varjya visha (Kalakuta, Meshashringi, Darduraka, Ushtramutra, Kharamutra) Halahala, Karkoti, Granthi, Haridraka, Raktashrunga, Keshara, Yamadranstra) 39. Ksharatraya (Sajji Kshara, Yava Kshara, Tankana Kshara) 62. Jangama visha (Netra, Nishwasa, Danta, Nakha, Mutra, Mala, Shukra, Lala, Nakhasparsha, Dansha, 40. Kshara Panchaka (Palasha Kshara, Tila Kshara, Srava, Mardita, Guda, Asthi, Pitta, Shukra) Mushkaka Kshara, Sajji Kshara, Yava Kshara) 63. Upavisha Gana (Bhallataka, Ativisha, Khakhas, 41. Ksharashatka (Krishnatila, Palasha, Vacha, Two types of Karavira, Two types of Ahiphena, Apamarga, Kutaja, Mushakaka Kshara) Four types of Dhattura, Two types of Gunja, 42. Ksharasthaka (Apamarga, Palasha, Arka, Tila, Nirvisha, Vishamusthi and Kalihari). Mushaka, Yava, Sajji, Tankana Kshara) CONCLUSION 43. Trilavana (Saindhava, Sauvarchala, Bida) By the above discussion it reveals that the 44. Lavana shatka (Samudra, Saindhava, Dhanvantari nighantu covers the entire Dravyguna Sauvarchala, Bida, Audbhida, Panshuja) vijnana with clinical applications of the drugs. In the 45. Trimadhura (Ghrita, Sharkara, Madhu) Suvarnadi 6th Varga the animals origin drugs like 46. Shadrasa (Madhura, Amla, Lavana, Katu, Tikta, Kesha, Roma, Meda etc., the Dhoopana of these drugs Kashaya) eleviates bhoota and griha Nashaka, Unmada, 47. Aushadha Synonyms- Aushadha synonyms are Apasmara like property such drugs have to be mentioned along with its type. Viz; Rasa, Churna, studied with animal as well as clinical experiments. Kashaya, Avaleha and Kalka. There are also some Visha hara dravyas which

Available online at: http://ijapr.in 67 Int. J. Ayur. Pharma Research, 2018;6(8):62-68 possess the anti allergic activity, such drugs can be 5. Sharma P.V. Dhanvantari nighantu, Chaukhamba taken for the study to rule out the immune- orientalia Varanasi, third edition 2002, page no- modulatory activity. The author has also highlighted 6-8. Viruddha Ahara concept in the form of do’s and dont’s 6. Sharma P.V. Dhanvantari nighantu, Chaukhamba of the food articles. The nighantu has to be explore orientalia Varanasi, third edition 2002, page no- for the information like identification, phyoto- 17-69. chemical analysis, physic-chemical analysis 7. Sharma P.V. Dhanvantari nighantu, Chaukhamba knowledge about mentioned drugs. orientalia Varanasi, third edition 2002, page no- REFERENCES 70-90. 1. Venimadhav shastri, Narayanahari Joshi, 8. Sharma P.V. Dhanvantari nighantu, Chaukhamba Ayurvediya Shabdakosha, Prathamakhanda, orientalia Varanasi, third edition 2002, page no- Mumbai, Maharasthra Rajya Sahitya and Sanskrit 91-120. Mandal, 1938, Page No-446. 9. Sharma P.V. Dhanvantari nighantu, Chaukhamba 2. Acharya Vagbhata, Astanga hridaya with orientalia Varanasi, third edition 2002, page no- Sarvangasunder of Arunadatta and Ayurveda 121-148. rasayana of Hemadri commentary sutrastthana 10. Sharma P.V. Dhanvantari nighantu, Chaukhamba 7th chapter, edited by Pt.Bhishagacharya orientalia Varanasi, third edition 2002, page no- Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya, Varanasi, 149-178. Krishnadas academy, reprint 2000, page no- 129 11. Sharma P.V. Dhanvantari nighantu, Chaukhamba 3. Sharma P.V. Dhanvantari nighantu, Chaukhamba orientalia Varanasi, third edition 2002, page no- orientalia Varanasi, third edition 2002, page no- 179-259. 8. 12. Sharma P.V. Dhanvantari nighantu, Chaukhamba 4. Sharma P.V. Dhanvantari nighantu, Chaukhamba orientalia Varanasi, third edition 2002, page no- orientalia Varanasi, third edition 2002, page no- 260-280. 15.

*Address for correspondence Cite this article as: Dr Umakant N. Rabb Umakant N. Rabb. Review on Dhanvantari Nighantu - An Important Ayurvedic Assistant Professor, Lexicon. International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research. 2018;6(8):62-68. Dept. of Dravyaguna Vijnana, Source of support: Nil, Conflict of interest: None Declared L.E.Society’s, Acharya Deshbhushan Ayurved Medical College and Hospital, Shamnewadi - Bedkihal, Chikkodi, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

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IJAPR | August 2018 | Vol 6 | Issue 8 68