Revitalizing Endangered Languages
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Armenian Secret and Invented Languages and Argots
Armenian Secret and Invented Languages and Argots The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Russell, James R. Forthcoming. Armenian secret and invented languages and argots. Proceedings of the Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:9938150 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP 1 ARMENIAN SECRET AND INVENTED LANGUAGES AND ARGOTS. By James R. Russell, Harvard University. Светлой памяти Карена Никитича Юзбашяна посвящается это исследование. CONTENTS: Preface 1. Secret languages and argots 2. Philosophical and hypothetical languages 3. The St. Petersburg Manuscript 4. The Argot of the Felt-Beaters 5. Appendices: 1. Description of St. Petersburg MS A 29 2. Glossary of the Ṙuštuni language 3. Glossary of the argot of the Felt-Beaters of Moks 4. Texts in the “Third Script” of MS A 29 List of Plates Bibliography PREFACE Much of the research for this article was undertaken in Armenia and Russia in June and July 2011 and was funded by a generous O’Neill grant through the Davis Center for Russian and Eurasian Studies at Harvard. For their eager assistance and boundless hospitality I am grateful to numerous friends and colleagues who made my visit pleasant and successful. For their generous assistance in Erevan and St. -
Re-Creating Indigenous Architectural Knowledge in Arctic Canada and Norawy
Protection of cultural heritage 9 (2020) 10.35784/odk.2085 RE-CREATING INDIGENOUS ARCHITECTURAL KNOWLEDGE IN ARCTIC CANADA AND NORAWY MACKIN Nancy 1 1 dr Nancy Mackin, University of British Columbia and University of Victoria, Canada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5427-3202 ABSTRACT: Long resident peoples including Gwich’in, Inuvialuit, Copper Inuit, and Sami, Coast Salish and others have learned over countless generations of observation and experimentation to construct place-specific, biomimetic architecture. To learn more about the heritage value of long-resident peoples’ architecture, and to discover how their architecture can selectively inform adaptable architecture of the future. we engaged Inuit and First Nations knowledge-holders and young people in re-creating tradition-based shelters and housing. During the reconstructions, children and Elders alike expressed their enthusiasm and pride in the inventiveness and usefulness of their ancestral architectural wisdom. Several of the structures created during this research are still standing years later and continue to serve as emergency shelters for food harvesters. During extreme weather, the shelters contribute to a potentially widespread network of food harvester dwellings that would facilitate revitalization of traditional foodways. The re-creations indicate that building materials, forms, assembly technologies, and other considerations from the architecture of Indigenous peoples provide a valuable heritage resource for architects of the future. KEY WORDS: Indigenous, Arctic architecture, Inuit architecture, reconstructions, heritage 58 Nancy Mackin 1. Introduction and research questions Tradition-based shelters have always been part of life in the high Arctic, where sudden storms and extreme cold pose serious risks to food harvesters, scientists, and other people out on the land. -
Ehrensperger Report
American Name Society 51st Annual Ehrensperger Report 2005 A Publication of the American Name Society Michael F. McGoff, Editor PREFACE After a year’s hiatus the Ehrensperger Report returns to its place as a major publication of the American Name Society (ANS). This document marks the 51st year since its introduction to the membership by Edward C. Ehrensperger. For over twenty-five years, from 1955 to 1982, he compiled and published this annual review of scholarship. Edward C. Ehrensperger 1895-1984 As usual, it is a partial view of the research and other activity going on in the world of onomastics, or name study. In a report of this kind, the editor must make use of what comes in, often resulting in unevenness. Some of the entries are very short; some extensive, especially from those who are reporting not just for themselves but also for the activity of a group of people. In all cases, I have assumed the prerogative of an editor and have abridged, clarified, and changed the voice of many of the submissions. I have encouraged the submission of reports by email or electronically, since it is much more efficient to edit text already typed than to type the text myself. For those not using email, I strongly encourage sending me written copy. There is some danger, however, in depending on electronic copy: sometimes diacritical marks or other formatting matters may not have come through correctly. In keeping with the spirit of onomastics and the original Ehrensperger Report, I have attempted where possible to report on research and publication under a person’s name. -
America's Languages
AMERICA’S LANGUAGES Investing in Language Education for the 21st Century COMMISSION ON LANGUAGE LEARNING COMMISSION ON LANGUAGE LEARNING AMERICA’S LANGUAGES Investing in Language Education for the 21st Century american academy of arts & sciences Cambridge, Massachusetts © 2017 by the American Academy of Arts & Sciences All rights reserved. isbn: 0-87724-112-0 This publication is available online at https://www.amacad.org/language. The views expressed in this publication are those held by the contributors and are not necessarily those of the Officers and Members of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Please direct inquiries to: American Academy of Arts & Sciences 136 Irving Street Cambridge, ma 02138-1996 Telephone: 617-576-5002 Fax: 617-576-5050 Email: [email protected] Web: www.amacad.org Contents Acknowledgments v Preface vii Executive Summary viii Key Findings of this Report Key Recommendations of the Commission Introduction 1 Section 1: Building Educational Capacity 8 Section 2: Involving Local Communities, Businesses, and Philanthropies 20 Section 3: Developing Heritage Languages and Revitalizing Native American Languages 22 Section 4: Encouraging International Study and Cultural Immersion 27 Conclusion 30 Endnotes 32 Congressional Letters 39 Commissioner Biographies 43 Acknowledgments America’s Languages: Investing in Language Education for the 21st Century is the American Academy’s response to a bipartisan request from four members of the United States Senate and four members of the House of Representatives to examine the -
Harman, Chip, Ed. ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines For
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 289 345 FL 017 059 AUTHOR Stansfield, Charles W., Ed.; Harman, Chip, Ed. TITLE ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines for the Less Commonly Taught Languages. A Familiarization Project for the Development of Proficiency Guidelines for Less Commonly Taught Languages. INSTITUTION American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, Hastings-on-Hudson, N.Y.; Center for Applied Linguistics, Washington, D.C. SPONS AGENCY Department of Education, Washington, DC. PUB DATE 87 "GRANT G008540634 NOTE 207p. PUB TYPE Collected Works - General (020) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC09 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS African Languages; Arabic; Bibliographies; Hindi; Indonesian; Information Sources; Interviews; Introductory Courses; *Language Proficiency; *Language Tests; Material Development; Oral Language; *Standards; *Testing Problems; *Test Use; *Uncommonly Taught Languages IDEnTIFIERS *ACTFL ETS Language Proficiency Guidelines ABSTRACT A collection of papers on the use of the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (ACTFL) Proficiency Guidelines for instruction and testing in less commonly taught language& includes: the 1986 ACTFL Proficiency Guidelines; "Testing Speaking Proficiency: The Oral Interview" (Pardee Lowe, Jr., Judith E. Liskin-Gasparro); a review of the Interagency Language Roundtable Oral Proficiency Interview (Pardee Lowe, Jr.); "Adapting the ACTFL/ETS Proficiency Guidelines to the Less Commonly Taught languages" (Irene Thompson, Richard T. Thompson, and David Hiple); "Materials Development for the Proficiency-Oriented Classroom" (Jeannette D. Bragger); a "Topical Bibliography of Proficiency-Related Issues" (Vicki Galloway, Charles W. Stansfield, and Lynn E. Thompson); "Arabic Proficiency Guidelines" (Roger Allen); "A Model of Proficiency-Based Testing for Elementary Arabic" (R. J. Rumunny); "The Arabic Guidelines: Where Now?" (Roger Allen); "The Application of the ILR-ACTFL Test Guidelines to Indonesian" (John U. -
Gender Dimensions of Development Interventions and Human Security for Indigenous People in Chittagong Hill Tracts
Gender Dimensions of Development Interventions and Human Security for Indigenous People in Chittagong Hill Tracts Shahana Nasrin Ph.D. Researcher (Session: 2011-2012) Registration No. 143 and Associate Professor Institute of Social Welfare and Research University of Dhaka Dhaka-1205 A thesis submitted for the fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Welfare Institute of Social Welfare and Research University of Dhaka Dhaka-1205 May 2017 Certificate from the Supervisor This is to certify that the thesis entitled Gender Dimensions of Development Interventions and Human Security for Indigenous People in Chittagong Hill Tracts done by Ms. Shahana Nasrin is an original research work. The views expressed in the thesis are originated from field-based data and is entirely her contribution. The thesis has not been submitted anywhere else for any purposes, e.g., degree or publications. This may be submitted to the examiners to evaluate for conferring the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Welfare. (Dr. Muhammad Samad) Professor Institute of Social Welfare and Research University of Dhaka Dhaka-1205 i Declaration I hereby solemnly declare that this thesis represents my own work based on field-based data, except where due acknowledgment is made, and that it has not been previously included in a dissertation or report submitted to any university or other tertiary institution for a degree, diploma or other qualification. (Shahana Nasrin) Ph.D. Researcher (Session: 2011-2012) and Associate Professor Institute of Social Welfare and Research University of Dhaka Dhaka-1205 ii Acknowledgements I would like to express my gratitude and sincere thanks to a number of people and organizations for their cooperation and good advice to complete the study. -
The Maintenance of Malaysia's Minority Languages Haja
THE MAINTENANCE OF MALAYSIA’S MINORITY LANGUAGES HAJA MOHIDEEN BIN MOHAMED ALI Department of English Language & Literature International Islamic University Malaysia [email protected] Abstract Malaysia, especially the states of Sabah and Sarawak are home to numerous indigenous languages. According to the Ethnologue Report for Malaysia (2009), Sabah is said to have 52 and Sarawak 46 languages. But among these many languages, many are spoken by a small population. These are in danger of facing extinction due to migration, attitudinal, social, educational and economic factors, mainly. This situation is similar to the many languages which are dying today worldwide. Since the Malay language (Bahasa Malaysia) is a potent force in bringing together the various Bumiputra and Muslim groups, the fate of native languages of these disparate groups is uncertain or worse doomed to die. However, measures by speakers of indigenous languages who comprise a sizeable number, for example, in the case of Sabah, Kadazan, Bajau, Bisaya and Murut languages may still be saved if they are maintained through concerted efforts by the affected communities and if government agencies help to play their part. This paper will discuss the various practical steps that may be undertaken by concerned individuals, the elders and leaders of the target minority communities themselves, language scholars and the state and federal governments to help maintain the minority indigenous languages, with particular emphasis on those from Sabah and Sarawak. Key words- minority language, identity, linguistic diversity, survival, loss Introduction Multilingualism and multiculturalism are indeed assets for a country and its people. The two contribute to the versatility and heterogeneity of a country‟s human landscape. -
A Dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) with an English-Kristang Finderlist
A dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) with an English-Kristang finderlist PacificLinguistics REFERENCE COpy Not to be removed Baxter, A.N. and De Silva, P. A dictionary of Kristang (Malacca Creole Portuguese) English. PL-564, xxii + 151 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 2005. DOI:10.15144/PL-564.cover ©2005 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. Pacific Linguistics 564 Pacific Linguistics is a publisher specialising in grammars and linguistic descriptions, dictionaries and other materials on languages of the Pacific, Taiwan, the Philippines, Indonesia, East Timor, southeast and south Asia, and Australia. Pacific Linguistics, established in 1963 through an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund, is associated with the Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies at The Australian National University. The authors and editors of Pacific Linguistics publications are drawn from a wide range of institutions around the world. Publications are refereed by scholars with relevant expertise, who are usually not members of the editorial board. FOUNDING EDITOR: Stephen A. Wurm EDITORIAL BOARD: John Bowden, Malcolm Ross and Darrell Tryon (Managing Editors), I Wayan Arka, Bethwyn Evans, David Nash, Andrew Pawley, Paul Sidwell, Jane Simpson EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Karen Adams, Arizona State University Lillian Huang, National Taiwan Normal Peter Austin, School of Oriental and African University Studies -
Abstracts 1A
Transnational Italies: Mobility, Subjectivities and Modern Italian Cultures Conference, The British School at Rome, 26-28 October 2016-10-24 ABSTRACTS 1A - “Moving Borders, Moving Identities” Panel submitted by Eden McLean, Borut Klabjan, Vanni D’Alessio, Maura Hametz Chair: Loredana Polezzi Panel Overview Transnational studies have traditionally concerned themselves with the movement of goods, ideas, and people along and across borders, but not with the movement of the borders themselves. This panel seeks to position the movement of borders as a vital component of any conversation about what it means to be transnational, particularly in Europe’s era of the world wars. The four papers proposed here use case studies from the multiethnic—and transnational— borderlands of northeastern Italy (Trieste, Fiume/Rijeka, the Carso, and Alto Adige) to explore questions of Italian identity, citizenship, and state formation in the first half of the twentieth century. In the years directly following World War I, Italy sought to “redeem” the Italian identity of the populations living in the territories it acquired from the former Austro-Hungarian Empire. As the following papers will show, it sought to do so by imposing an official definition of Italian-ness on resident populations through the simultaneous processes of modifying language, education, and public space and subverting the presence of alternative national or ethnic affiliations. All of these efforts worked not only to transform the cultural landscape of these borderlands, but also to establish the very definition of what it meant to be Italian, at least on the edges of the Italian nation-state. Borut Klabjan, European University Institute and University of Primorska [email protected] “’Italianize it!’ National Homogenization in Interwar Trieste/Trst/Triest” After World War I, newly acquired borderlands played a key role in the national symbolism of post-war Italy. -
Wooden Architecture's Role in Maintaining Eco Sustainability Dr
مجلة العمارة والفنون العدد الرابع عشر Wooden Architecture's role in maintaining eco sustainability Dr. Yousef Abdulsalam Teacher - Faculty of Fine Arts. Damascus University - Faculty of fine Arts – Interior Design Dept. [email protected] Synopsis : Wood played an important and vital role in the construction of buildings as a structural material in the design of structures, frames, coverings and finishes of buildings from outside and inside or structural foundations. These wooden structures included temples, religious shrines, huts and dwellings in hot , temperate and cold regions, depending on the availability of forest trees and as materials for rapid construction that can be dismantled and installed , The value of timber arises from its natural properties and specifications as a building material . Wood is characterized by a variety of properties in terms of density, specific gravity, size and operability. Wood has an important environmental role, as the availability of its resources enhances the opportunities for its investment in commercial activities. The research deals with the variety of applications of wood construction in various uses, externally and internally, and in different climates and structural structures of roofs, walls, floors and covers. Wood is renewable, recyclable and environmentally degradable without contaminants. This research is a presentation guide and a global tour of some of the world's national architecture, which can simply be described as the architecture of peoples, Designed and built by communities, -
MANDE LANGUAGES INTRODUCTION Mande Languages
Article details Article author(s): Dmitry Idiatov Table of contents: Introduction General Overviews Textbooks Bibliographies Journals and Book Series Conferences Text Collections and Corpora Classifications Historical and Comparative Linguistics Western Mande Central Mande Southwestern Mande and Susu- Yalunka Soninke-Bozo, Samogo, and Bobo Southeastern Mande Eastern Mande Southern Mande Phonetics Phonology Morphosyntax Morphology Syntax Language Contact and Areal Linguistics Writing Systems MANDE LANGUAGES INTRODUCTION Mande languages are spoken across much of inland West Africa up to the northwest of Nigeria as their eastern limit. The center of gravity of the Mande-speaking world is situated in the southwest of Mali and the neighboring regions. There are approximately seventy Mande languages. Mande languages have long been recognized as a coherent group. Thanks to both a sufficient number of clear lexical correspondences and the remarkable uniformity in basic morphosyntax, the attribution of a given language to Mande is usually straightforward. The major subdivision within Mande is between Western Mande, which comprises the majority of both languages and speakers, and Southeastern Mande (aka Southern Mande or Eastern Mande, which are also the names for the two subbranches of Southeastern Mande), a comparatively small but linguistically diverse and geographically dispersed group. Traditionally, Mande languages have been classified as one of the earliest offshoots of Niger-Congo. However, their external affiliation still remains a working hypothesis rather than an established fact. One of the most well-known Mande languages is probably Bamana (aka Bambara), as well as some of its close relatives, which in nonlinguistic publications are sometimes indiscriminately referred to as Mandingo. Mande languages are written in a variety of scripts ranging from Latin-based or Arabic-based alphabets to indigenously developed scripts, both syllabic and alphabetic. -
Petit Manuel Unix®
Août 2010 Petit Manuel Unix® Jacques MADELAINE Département d’informatique Université de CAEN 14032 CAEN CEDEX La première édition de ce manuel décrivait SMX un Unix développé à l’INRIA pour la machine française SM90, la deuxième édition une adaptation pour SPIX, un Unix pour SM90 basé sur System V et développé par Bull. Il a été ensuite modifié et corrigé pour SunOS l’Unix de Sun Microsystems, puis pour Solaris. La cinquième version a été adaptée pour tenir compte des particularités du système GNU-Linux. Un chapitre supplémentaire dédié aux accès réseau a été ensuite ajouté. Rappelons que presque toutes les commandes décrites vont fonctionner comme indiqué sur tout système Unix commercial (Solaris, HP-UX, AIX, ...) ou libre (Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, ...). Mes remerciements à Sara Aubry pour sa relecture attentive etàFrançois Girault pour avoir fourni la mise en tableau des commandes d’emacs. Mes remerciements à Davy Gigan pour m’avoir poussé à publier la version html en octobre 2003. 1 INTRODUCTION() INTRODUCTION() 2Petit manuel Unix 2002 INTRODUCTION NOM intro − introduction to the mini manual − introduction au petit manuel DESCRIPTION Ce manuel donne les principales commandes de Unix. Unix est une famille de systèmes d’exploitation ; les commandes décrites existent, sauf précision contraire, sous Linux et Solaris, les deux systèmes disponibles au département. Seules les principales options sont données, reportez-vous au manuel en ligne pour une liste exhaustive.Chaque commande est décrite par trois sections : NOM qui donne le nom de la commande, son nom en anglais (le nom Unix étant un mnémonique anglais ne correspondant pas toujours bien aveclefrançais) et en français.