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Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War John A. Wagner GREENWOOD PRESS Westport, Connecticut London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wagner, J. A. (John A.) Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War / John A. Wagner. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-313-32736-X (alk. paper) 1. Hundred Years’ War, 1337–1453—Encyclopedias. I. Title. DC96.W34 2006 944'.02503—dc22 2006009761 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data is available. Copyright # 2006 by John A. Wagner All rights reserved. No portion of this book may be reproduced, by any process or technique, without the express written consent of the publisher. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2006009761 ISBN: 0-313-32736-X First published in 2006 Greenwood Press, 88 Post Road West, Westport, CT 06881 An imprint of Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc. www.greenwood.com Printed in the United States of America The paper used in this book complies with the Permanent Paper Standard issued by the National Information Standards Organization (Z39.48-1984). 10987654321 To my father, Joseph L. Wagner, who encouraged me to be whatever I wanted to be and worked ceaselessly to give me opportunities to do so. I have begun [this book] in such a way that all who see it, read it, or hear it read may take delight and pleasure in it, and that I may earn their regard. —Jean Froissart, prologue to Chronicles Contents List of Entries ix Guide to Related Topics xiii Preface xxiii Acknowledgments xxvii Chronology: The Hundred Years War xxix Maps li ENCYCLOPEDIA OF THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR 1 Appendix 1: Genealogies 314 Appendix 2: Chronological Listing of Major Battles, Sieges, and Campaigns 321 Appendix 3: European Monarchs and Rulers, 1250s–1450s 323 Appendix 4: Popes, 1294–1455 326 Appendix 5: Holders of Selected English, French, and Continental Titles of Nobility during the Hundred Years War 327 Appendix 6: Constables and Marshals of France and England during the Hundred Years War 332 Appendix 7: Counties, Duchies, and Regions of Medieval France 334 Appendix 8: Annotated Listing of Selected Sources for the Hundred Years War 343 Bibliography 353 Index 365 vii List of Entries Agincourt, Battle of (1415) Battle, Nature of Aiguillon, Siege of (1346) Bauge´, Battle of (1421) Albret, Arnaud-Amanieu, Lord of (d. 1401) Beauchamp, Richard, Earl of Warwick Albret, Bernard-Aiz, Lord of (d. 1359) (1382–1439) Albret, Charles, Lord of, Constable of France Beauchamp, Thomas, Earl of Warwick (d. 1415) (c. 1314–1369) Amiens, Treaty of (1423) Beaufort, Edmund, Duke of Somerset Anglo-Burgundian Alliance (1420–1435) (c. 1406–1455) Anglo-Flemish Alliance (1339) Beaufort, Henry, Cardinal-Bishop of Anglo-French War of 1294–1303 Winchester (c. 1375–1447) Anne of Burgundy, Duchess of Bedford Beaufort, John, Duke of Somerset (1404–1432) (1403–1444) Anti-French Coalition (1337–1340) Beaufort, Thomas, Duke of Exeter Appanage (c. 1377–1426) Appeal of the Gascon Lords (1368–1369) Bentley, Sir Walter (c. 1310–1359) Aquitaine Bergerac, Capture of (1345) Archers Bernard, Count of Armagnac (1391–1418) Armagnacs Black Death Armies, Command of Bohun, William de, Earl of Northampton Armies, Composition of (c. 1312–1360) Armies, Recruitment of Bordeaux Armies, Size of Bordeaux, Truce of (1357) Armies, Supplying of Bourges, Treaty of (1412) Armor and Nonmissile Weaponry Bre´tigny, Treaty of (1360) Arras, Congress of (1435) Breton Civil War (1341–1365) Arrie`re-ban Brignais, Battle of (1362) Artevelde, James van (c. 1290–1345) Brittany Artevelde, Philip van (1340–1382) Bruges Peace Conference (1375–1377) Arthur III, Duke of Brittany (1393–1458) Bureau, John (d. 1463) Artillery Burghersh, Henry, Bishop of Lincoln Auberoche, Battle of (1345) (1292–1340) Audley, Sir James (d. 1369) Burgundians Audrehem, Arnoul d’, Marshal of France (c. Burgundy 1300–1370) Buzanc¸ais, Treaty of (1412) Auray, Battle of (1364) Avignon Peace Conference (1344) Cabochiens (1413) Cadzand, Battle of (1387) Badefol, Se´guin de (c. 1331–1366) Calais Bastides Calais, Siege of (1346–1347) ix LIST OF ENTRIES Calais, Truce of (1347) Fastolf, Sir John (c. 1378–1459) Calveley, Sir Hugh (d. 1394) Flanders Canterbury, Treaty of (1416) Formigny, Battle of (1450) Capet, House of Fouge`res, Sack of (1449) Castilian War of Succession (1362–1369) Franco-Scottish Alliance Castillon, Battle of (1453) French Civil War Casualties Fresnay, Battle of (1420) Catherine of Valois, Queen of England Froissart, Jean (c. 1337–c. 1404) (1401–1437) Cervole, Arnaud de (c. 1320–1366) Garter, Order of the Chandos, Sir John (d. 1370) Gascony Charles, Duke of Orle´ans (1394–1465) Grailly, Jean de, Captal de Buch Charles IV, King of France (1294–1328) (d. 1376) Charles V, King of France (1338–1380) Great Company Charles VI, King of France (1368–1422) Gue´rande, Treaty of (1365) Charles VII, King of France (1403–1461) Guesclin, Bertrand du, Constable of France Charles VII, Military Reforms of (c. 1320–1380) Charles of Blois, Duke of Brittany Guines, Treaty of (1354) (c. 1319–1364) Charles the Bad, King of Navarre (1332–1387) Halidon Hill, Battle of (1333) Chevauche´e Harcourt, Godfrey of (d. 1356) Chevauche´e of 1355 Harfleur, Siege of (1415) Chevauche´e of 1373 Hawkwood, Sir John (c. 1320–1394) Chivalry Henry IV, King of England (1366–1413) Christine de Pizan (c. 1364–c. 1430) Henry V, King of England (1387–1422) Clement VI (1291–1352) Henry VI, King of England (1421–1471) Clisson, Olivier, Constable of France Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster (1336–1407) (c. 1310–1361) Cocherel, Battle of (1364) Herrings, Battle of the (1429) Combat of the Thirty (1351) Holland, Thomas, Earl of Kent Cravant, Battle of (1423) (c. 1315–1360) Cre´cy, Battle of (1346) Hostages, Treaty of the (1362) Crisis of 1340–1341 Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (1390–1447) Dagworth, Sir Thomas (c. 1310–1350) Hundred Years War, Causes of David II, King of Scotland (1324–1371) Hundred Years War, Naming of Diplomacy Hundred Years War, Phases of Dordrecht Bonds (1337–1338) Douglas, Archibald, Earl of Douglas Indentures (c. 1369–1424) Isabeau of Bavaria, Queen of France (c. 1370–1435) Edmund of Langley, Duke of York Isabella, Queen of England (c. 1292–1358) (1341–1402) Isabella, Queen of England (1388–1409) Edward, the Black Prince, Prince of Wales (1330–1376) Jack Cade’s Rebellion (1450) Edward I, King of England (1239–1307) Jacquerie (1358) Edward II, King of England (1284–1327) Jean le Bel (d. c. 1370) Edward III, King of England (1312–1377) Joan of Arc (c. 1412–1431) Esplechin, Truce of (1340) John, Count of Dunois and Longueville Estates, General and Provincial (1402–1468) x LIST OF ENTRIES John, Duke of Alenc¸on (c. 1407–1476) Montargis, Siege of (1427) John, Duke of Bedford (1389–1435) Montereau Conference (1419) John, Duke of Berry (1340–1416) Montfort, John de (d. 1345) John II, King of France (1319–1364) Morlaix, Battle of (1342) John IV, Duke of Brittany (c. 1340–1399) John V, Duke of Brittany (1389–1442) Na´jera, Battle of (1367) John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster National Consciousness, Growth of (1340–1399) Naval Warfare John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy Neville’s Cross, Battle of (1346) (1371–1419) Nogent-sur-Seine, Battle of (1359) Justification of the Duke of Burgundy (1408) Norman Campaign (1417–1419) Norman Campaign (1449–1450) Knolles, Sir Robert (c. 1325–1407) Normandy Lancaster, House of Oriflamme La Roche-Derrien, Battle of (1347) Orle´ans, Siege of (1428–1429) La Rochelle, Battle of (1372) Leulinghen, Truce of (1389) Papacy and the Hundred Years War Limoges, Sack of (1370) Paris Loire Campaign (1429) Paris, Treaty of (1259) London Parlement of Paris London, First Treaty of (1358) Parliament London, Second Treaty of (1359) Patay, Battle of (1429) Louis, Duke of Anjou (1339–1384) Paˆtis Louis, Duke of Guienne (1397–1415) Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 Louis, Duke of Orle´ans (1372–1407) Philip IV, King of France (1268–1314) Louis X, King of France (1289–1316) Philip V, King of France (c. 1290–1322) Louis de Male, Count of Flanders Philip VI, King of France (1293–1350) (1330–1384) Philippa of Hainault, Queen of England Louis de Nevers, Count of Flanders (c. 1314–1369) (c. 1304–1346) Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (1342–1404) Maine, Surrender of (1448) Philip the Good, Duke of Burgundy Malestroit, Truce of (1343) (1396–1467) Marcel, E´ tienne (1310–1358) Plantagenet, House of Margaret of Anjou, Queen of England Poitiers, Battle of (1356) (1430–1482) Pole, Sir William de la (d. 1366) Margaret of France, Queen of England Pole, William de la, Duke of Suffolk (1279–1318) (1396–1450) Marguerite de Flanders, Duchess of Pontoise, Siege of (1441) Burgundy (c. 1349–1405) Process Marmousets Propaganda and War Publicity Mauny, Walter, Lord Mauny (d. 1372) Mauron, Battle of (1352) Ransom Meaux, Siege of (1421–1422) Rheims Campaign (1359–1360) Melun, Siege of (1420) Richard, Duke of York (1411–1460) Montagu, Thomas, Earl of Salisbury Richard II, King of England (1367–1400) (1388–1428) Robert of Artois (1287–1342) Montagu, William, Earl of Salisbury Rouen, Siege of (1418–1419) (1301–1344) Routiers xi LIST OF ENTRIES Saintes, Battle of (1351) Taxation and War Finance Saint-Omer, Battle of (1340) Thie´rache Campaign (1339) Saint-Sardos, War of (1323–1325) Thomas, Duke of Clarence Salic Law of Succession (1389–1421) Scales, Thomas, Lord Scales (c. 1399–1460) Thomas of Woodstock, Duke of Scotland Gloucester (1355–1397) Seine, Battle of the (1416) Tournai, Siege of (1340) Shakespeare and the Hundred Years War Tours, Truce of (1444) Siege Warfare Towns and the Hundred Years War Sluys, Battle of (1340) Troyes, Treaty of (1420) Stafford, Ralph, Earl of Stafford (1301–1372) Star, Order of the Valmont, Battle of (1416) Stewart, John, Earl of Buchan (c.
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