PROVIDING HOMES INSIGHTS FROM FOR ALL & SINGAPORE PROVIDING HOMES FOR ALL SHANGHAI Providing Homes for All: Insights from Singapore and Shanghai represents the inaugural collaboration between Singapore’s Centre for Liveable Cities (CLC) and the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Housing, Urban-Rural Development and Management (MCHURDM). This publication is produced under a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) signed between CLC and Shanghai PROVIDING MCHURDM where both parties have committed to create, share and disseminate knowledge on urban governance through joint research collaborations. This MoU is under the ambit of the Singapore- Shanghai Comprehensive Cooperation Council (SSCCC) that was established in April 2019 to deepen engagement and cooperation between Singapore and Shanghai. Following reciprocal visits, workshops and extensive discussions & Shanghai Singapore from Insights between officers from both cities, along with engagements with HOMES housing practitioners from the private sector and experts from academia, five key aspects of Singapore and Shanghai’s affordable housing provision were mutually identified as being of greatest salience and learning interest to both cities. The five areas FOR ALL form the basis of this publication, and they are: neighbourhood INSIGHTS FROM planning, affordability, housing construction and design, estate rejuvenation and management, as well as community building and SINGAPORE & resident engagement. SHANGHAI The willingness to break down traditional knowledge silos and collaborate across different urban systems is critical for a successful housing system, while learning and sharing knowledge across different cities has been key to producing this publication. As society, technology and challenges continue to evolve, this spirit of partnership stands both Singapore and Shanghai in good stead in providing quality and liveable homes for all, well into the future. Shanghai Municipal Commission of Housing, Urban-Rural Development and Management 9 789811 466656 PROVIDING HOMES FOR ALL INSIGHTS FROM SINGAPORE & SHANGHAI CREDITS CONTENT EDITOR Stewart Tan CONTENTS SHANGHAI LEAD WRITER Yan Rong PROJECT TEAM (SINGAPORE) Lim Teng Leng ii CREDITS Tan Siah Yeow Deng Mao iv FOREWORD Chong Hwee Jane Mr Lawrence Wong, Zhang Yedi Lim Chee Kia Minister for Education and Second Minister for Finance, Singapore Michelle Zhu vi FOREWORD PROJECT TEAM (SHANGHAI) Huang Chengdong COORDINATING TEAM Tang Zhongyi Zhang Lili (SHANGHAI) Xu Cunfu Mr Gong Zheng, Guo Ge Ji Zujian Mayor of Shanghai Li Qianfei Li Qunfeng Wang Yimiao Cheng Jian viii MESSAGE Xuan Wen Gong Ying Zhu Li Yu Wenjing Mr Khoo Teng Chye, Executive Director, COPY EDITOR Brooklyn-media Pte Ltd Centre for Liveable Cities ADVISORS (SINGAPORE) Michael Koh Tan Poh Hong xii MESSAGE ADVISORS (SHANGHAI) Wang Zhen Mr Huang Yongping, Zhang Zheng Liu Qianwei Director General, Shanghai Municipal Commission of Housing, DESIGN & PRODUCTION Redbean De Pte Ltd Urban-Rural Development And Management Set up in 2008 by the Ministry of National Development and the Ministry of the Environment xiv INTRODUCTION and Water Resources, the Centre for Liveable Cities (CLC) has as its mission “to distil, create and share knowledge on liveable and sustainable cities”. The CLC’s work spans four main areas— 1 CHAPTER 1 Research, Capability Development, Knowledge Platforms, and Advisory. Through these activities, the CLC hopes to provide urban leaders and practitioners with the knowledge and support The Evolution of Housing for All needed to make our cities better. For more information, please visit www.clc.gov.sg. 20 CHAPTER 2 CLC is a division of Maintaining an Affordable, Inclusive Housing System 50 CHAPTER 3 Building a Constructive Partnership with the Industry For enquiries, please contact: The Centre for Liveable Cities 84 CHAPTER 4 T : +65 6645 9576 In Good Shape: The Important Role of Estate Rejuvenation E : [email protected] and Management First published in 2020 © 2020 Centre for Liveable Cities Singapore 124 CHAPTER 5 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, Strengthening Communities and Meeting Aspirations distributed, or transmitted in any form or by any means, including photocopying, recording, or other electronic or mechanical methods, 158 CHAPTER 6 without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Building on The Past, Preparing for the Future: Every effort has been made to trace all sources and copyright Insights from Singapore and Shanghai holders of news articles, figures and information in this book before publication. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, MND will ensure that full credit is given at the earliest opportunity. 182 CONCLUSION: HOUSING PROVISION AS AN URBAN SYSTEM ISBN 978-981-14-6665-6 (print) Printed on Enviro Wove, a paper 184 EPILOGUE ISBN 978-981-14-6666-3 (e-version) made from 100% pre-consumer Cover Photo: Ong Yi Chao recycled pulp. 186 ENDNOTES FOREWARD iv v SINGAPORE SINGAPOREFOREWORD Singapore and Shanghai have enjoyed strong economic and bilateral This shared aspiration and spirit of collaboration is reflected in relations since China’s opening up of its economy in the 1980s. this joint publication titled Providing Homes for All: Insights from Today, Shanghai is the second largest direct investment destination Singapore and Shanghai. This is the first of many collaborative for Singapore-based companies venturing into Mainland China. In research efforts between Singapore’s Centre for Liveable Cities 2019, total trade between Singapore and Shanghai exceeded US$14 and the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Housing, Urban-Rural billion (S$ 19 billion). Our companies are active in a wide range Development and Management, and is produced as part of the of sectors, from finance, retail, food and beverage to healthcare, Memorandum of Understanding under the ambit of the SSCCC. education and real estate. Through the combined efforts of researchers, housing authorities, Beyond trade and investment, Singapore and Shanghai seek to partner agencies, academia and leading representatives from the further enhance our connectivity and create more opportunities for private sector, this publication provides a clear picture of each city’s collaboration. With the establishment of the Singapore-Shanghai contexts, challenges and approaches in providing quality, affordable Comprehensive Cooperation Council (SSCCC) in April 2019, six key public housing for its people. We hope that these candid accounts areas have been chosen as focal points for increased cooperation will enrich the reader’s understanding and provide insights on how between the two parties—the “Belt and Road Initiative”, Financial cities can co-create solutions in urban governance through engaging Services Cooperation, Technology and Innovation, Urban Governance, various stakeholders and communities, and inspire our readers Ease of Doing Business, and People-to-People Exchanges. The to share ideas in tackling current and future urban challenges. cooperation in these areas will produce far-reaching benefits for By leveraging the knowledge and efforts of such a wide range of the people of both cities. As co-chair of the SSCCC, I look forward stakeholders, I am confident that both Singapore and Shanghai will to activities that the Council will catalyse, and to strengthening our continue to build more liveable cities for our respective residents. partnership in the years to come. Singapore and Shanghai share the same aspiration to create liveable and sustainable environments for our people. We both face the same urban challenge of making the best use of limited land, while ensuring that our rich culture and heritage are preserved. Our people are energetic, innovative and open to diverse ideas. At the same time, there is enthusiasm from the administration in both locations to Mr Lawrence Wong implement policies which will provide a high quality of life. Minister for Education and Second Minister for Finance, Singapore FOREWARD vi vii SHANGHAI SHANGHAIFOREWORD The publishing of Providing Homes for All: Insights from Singapore Whilst extending my fervent support, I also hope that and Shanghai is a remarkable achievement that showcases the fruit Shanghai and Singapore will continue to strengthen of the cooperative efforts in sharing domain knowledge under the collaborative ties in areas of mutual interest such as the “Belt Shanghai-Singapore collaboration framework. I would hereby like to and Road Initiative”, Financial Collaboration, Technological acknowledge the hard work that the teams from both cities put in Innovation, Business Environment, Urban Governance and and offer them my sincere congratulations! Cultural Exchanges. Such endeavours will no doubt contribute to augmenting Singapore and China’s cooperative partnership, Shanghai and Singapore have a long history of mutual exchange and enabling both parties to progress with the times. collaboration that is being further nurtured with the establishment of the Singapore-Shanghai Comprehensive Cooperation Council (SSCCC). At the inaugural meeting of the SSCCC, several important domains were selected for expedited collaboration, while the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Housing, Urban-Rural Development and Management (MCHURDM) and the Singapore Centre for Liveable Cities (CLC) honed in on “Housing”—an issue closely related to the livelihoods of citizens—as a topic for special research. Reflecting on their respective journeys in public housing development to draw Mr Gong Zheng insights from