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MENDAKI | Policy Digest 2012 Digest MENDAKI | Policy MENDAKI | Policy Digest 2012 MENDAKI Policy Digest 2012 Yayasan MENDAKI Wisma MENDAKI 51 Kee Sun Avenue, (Off Tay Lian Teck Road) Singapore 457056 Tel: 6245 5555 Fax: 6444 8959 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.mendaki.org.sg Registration No.: 198902633C A publication of the Research and Policy Department MENDAKI Policy Digest 2012 MENDAKI Policy Digest 2012 Copyright © 2013 Yayasan MENDAKI Published by: Research and Policy Department Yayasan MENDAKI, Wisma MENDAKI Views presented in this publication are those of the individual authors. They do not purport to represent the views of the Editorial Team, the Publisher, the Board and Management of Yayasan MENDAKI or the institutions the authors are affiliated to. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reprinted or reproduced or stored in any retrieval system by any electronic, mechanical or other means without permission in writing from the publisher and Yayasan MENDAKI. All enquiries seeking permission should be addressed to: Research and Policy Department 51 Kee Sun Avenue, Off Tay Lian Teck Road, Singapore 457056 Main line: 6245 5555 Research and Policy Department: 6245 5784 Fax: 6449 4492 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.mendaki.org.sg EDITORIAL TEAM Editor: Norshahril Saat Sub Editors: Aidaroyani Adam Sabrena Abdullah Muhammad Nadim Adam Annabelle Ang (The Print Lodge Pte Ltd) Deborah Gan (The Print Lodge Pte Ltd) Series Advisor: Moliah Hashim Cover Design: Linda Soelystio (The Print Lodge Pte Ltd) Designed and printed in Singapore by The Print Lodge Pte Ltd ISBN: 978-981-07-4981-1 “We do not live to think, but on the contrary, we think in order that we may succeed in surviving.” —Jose Ortega y Gasset A Spanish philosopher (1883–1955) FOREWORD First published in 2001, the MENDAKI Policy Digest serves as a platform for MENDAKI to share its discourse on multi-faceted issues faced by the Malay/Muslim community in Singapore. It is recognised as an important reference source for community practitioners and local social observers. It hopes to analyse how present global trends and national initiatives actually impact the local Malay/Muslim populace. Building up to this year’s edition of the Policy Digest, Singapore’s socio-political landscape has seen a somewhat transformative change, especially since the watershed General Election in 2011. Today, debates on Singapore’s national policies call for a more inclusive approach to be adopted. It is hoped that the discussions initiated in the 2012 Policy Digest will inspire and encourage policymakers, community leaders, social activists and keen social observers and analysts to actively engage in further discourse, and to deliberate upon and perhaps even expand on the ideas and proposals that have been raised. This year, 2012, has been an interesting one. The global socio-economic outlook remains volatile, and in Singapore, the immediate economic trajectory is expected to be the attainment of a reduced growth rate. However, citizens’ aspirations remain high, including those of the Malay/Muslim community. As MENDAKI celebrates 30 years of community development in 2012, it cherishes the challenge of driving the Malay/Muslim community of Singapore to be more equipped in problem posing the community’s place within the national framework via-a-vis our needs and aspirations. MENDAKI will also continue to highlight pertinent issues that must be collectively addressed both at the community and national levels. Finally, I would like to take this opportunity to express my appreciation to all contributors, especially our research officers and local academia, for dedicating their time, effort and commitment to this project. I hope the Policy Digest will continue to serve as a useful reference for reflection upon the community’s ongoing effort in making sense of being part of the active process of citizenry, and in MENDAKI’s commitment towards developing a community in quest of excellence. Moliah Hashim Chief Executive Officer, Yayasan MENDAKI 03 Contents 04 Contents 07 A Note from the Editor 13 About the Contributors Section I: Policy Reviews 2012 A Review Of Singapore’s Education Policy Changes And 19 Their Impact On The Malay/Muslim Community. Siti Nur Ida The ‘Happiness’ Quotient: A Summary of Policies 39 Affecting Singaporean Youth. Humairah Zainal A New Paradigm: Singapore’s Shift towards Productivity 59 Driven Economic Growth Employability. Suffyan Othman Singapore’s ‘New Normal’ Socio-Economic Paradigm: 83 Navigating Needs, Expectations and Aspirations. Muhammad Nadim Adam 04 Section II: Engaging Hearts and Minds — The Malay/Muslim Youths Youth and Social Capital: Considerations for Social Policy 135 and Programmes. Suen Johan Pedagogy of Hope—Singapore Malay Youths and Our 149 Educational Future. Mardiana Abu Bakar Critical Multiculturalism in Changing Global Landscapes: 159 Youth Citizenship in the Age of Insecurity. Rahil Ismail (Mis)Understanding Youth and Living Community: 193 What Went Wrong? Azhar Ibrahim Alwee 05 “There is no such thing as a private intellectual, since the moment you set down words and then publish them, you have entered the public world.” — Edward Said A Palestinian-American literary theoretician (1935–2003) A Note from the Editor How do the recent policy reviews by the Singapore government impact the Malay/ Muslim community? What are the challenges that lie ahead for the years to come? And what possibly is the “new normal”? These are the questions the MENDAKI Policy Digest 2012 grapples with. Prior to 2012, the year 2011 will be remembered as the year when the landmark General Elections (GE) was held. The 2011 GE manifests the aspirations of many young voters in the local political scene. Some of the key issues raised then include inter alia housing shortage, competition from foreign workers, transportation efficiency and the role of youths. I would characterise 2012 as a ‘year of reviews’. It mainly reflects the government’s attempt to rectify the problems the electorate raised in 2011. Unsurprisingly, many old policies were reviewed, re-evaluated, and rectified. Needless to say, the implications of these reviews are also being felt by the Malay/Muslim community. The main objective of this Policy Digest is to examine how the recent policy review affects Singaporeans, particularly the Malay/Muslim community. Featuring articles from the MENDAKI Research and Policy Development (RPD), academics, and professionals, articles covered shall examine issues impacting citizens in general, either on the individual basis or via their family ecological system, and the Malay/ Muslim community per se, through policy initiatives such as housing, employment, education and on youths. This year’s policy digest is divided into two sections. The first section mainly highlights the recent changes and initiatives in Singapore’s national policies. It mainly describes the reasons for the reform initiatives and the possible impact they may have on common citizens, and on the Malay/Muslim community. The second section mainly adopts a critical approach, inviting readers to rethink on certain dominant ideas and inquire new questions that may be crucial for the development 07 of the community. Such rethinking is necessary in order to generate alternative measurements of success in the community that transcends academic achievements. Although the articles presented in the digest deals with a wide range of policy areas, more focus is given towards youth engagement particularly in the second section. As Yayasan MENDAKI is focused on uplifting the Malay/Muslim community by improving the community’s educational attainment of its young. A major segment of MENDAKI’s engagements and programmes have been with the community’s youths. This culminated in the organising of the ‘Imagining Youth Seminar: Towards a Youth Charter’ and the ‘Engaging Hearts and Minds’ Seminar Series in 2011. These seminars served as platforms for various stakeholders to address ideas, issues and concerns towards developing a youth charter for the community. Different perspective on youth issues and approaches were presented by the audience who were mainly youth workers, policy makers and youth activists. Building on the success of these seminars, the ‘Youth Symposium 2012: Garnering Generational Dividend’ was organised this year. Given its success, a selection of the papers originally presented at both the seminar and symposium are included in the Policy Digest. The first section mainly features four papers from MENDAKI’s Research and Policy staff. Siti Nur Ida’s paper discusses the policy changes in the education system this year, the impact towards the Malay/Muslim community, and the future direction and implications. The paper highlights the changes made in the education system at the pre-school, primary, secondary, and tertiary levels. She also touches, albeit briefly, on the Islamic education. Having made tremendous achievements in terms of education performance, Siti is optimistic that there are many opportunities presented as a result of the recent review for the Malay/ Muslim community to build on. In the same vein, Humairah Zainal’s paper examines how the recent changes in policies affected and influenced Singaporean youth over the past few years, in particular Malay/Muslim youth. Humairah invites readers to re-evaluate what ‘happiness’ means to young Singaporeans. She argues that happiness needs to be seen beyond economic performance but to include other indicators such as family, friends, culture,
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