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Overview of Singapore Public Housing Story

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A division of

Overview of Singapore’s Public Housing

Mr Chionh Chye Khye
CLC Fellow

OVERVIEW

• Introduction & A Bit of History • Key Success Factors

Singapore:A City-State’s Challenges

5.40 Million

• Population of 5.535 mil • Land area of 719 km2 • 7,698 persons/km2 density

• Hi-rise hi-density living

Structure of Real Estate Market in Singapore

Housing Market

  • Public
  • Private

Home

Ownership

Rental Home

Ownership

Rental

Landed property, Condominium & ECs
1R / 2R / 3R / 4R / 5R / EF / Studio Apts

Primary Market

(HDB)

Secondary Market

(Resale)

Primary Market

Secondary Market

HISTORY: TURNING A CITY OF

SQUATTERS TO A HOME OWNING

SOCIETY

Housing Landscape: 1950s

City Fringe Squatters

Inner City Shophouse-cubicles

•Rapid Population Growth •Poor Housing Conditions •Severe Housing Shortage

Rural Villages/Farms

SIT 1927 to 1959

The Vision

“ My primary occupation was to give every citizen a stake in the country and its future… if

every family owned its home, the

country would be more stable… I

believe this sense of ownership was

vital for our new society… ”

Mr. Lee Kuan Yew,

Prime Minister of Singapore

Housing & Development Board

Established in Feb 1960

9

“Home Ownership for the People” Scheme

1964: Home Ownership for the People Scheme

• Targeted at lower-middle and middle-income households • Intended to give Singaporeans a stake in the country • Public Balloting conducted to allocate flats to applicants

• Low-interest government loans available to those who were not able to

afford outright purchase

© 2016 Housing & Development Board

Residents in Public Housing

Population (‘000)

4,500

3.9 million

3.2 million

4,000 3,500

Estimated

3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000
500

Resident

Population

Resident population in Public Housing

82% (2015) 23% (1964)

Estimated Resident

Population living in HDB Flats

0

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

© 2016 Housing & Development Board

Public Housing Today

• Over 80% of Singapore’s resident population lives in

HDB flats
• 95% own their homes

Social Class Integration: Variety of Housing Options within a neighbourhood

High
Private Property

Exec Condo
3Gen/ Executive/
5-room
Financial

Ability
4-room

3-room
2-room Flexi
HDB Flats

Rental flats
Low

© 2016 Housing & Development Board

The Transformation

1980s
1960s

2000s
1950s

The Pinnacle@Duxton
Punggol Waterway Terrace

Key Success Factors

• Land allocation for HDB housing through Land Acquisition Act • Government funding to HDB for development and for mortgage loans to purchasers

• Government’s emphasis on home ownership & affordability

• Emphasis on community building

• Focus on estate maintenance and upgrading • Favourable economic environment: high growth, low unemployment, longterm appreciation of housing values

Land AcquisitionAct

• The Land Acquisition Act allowed the government to acquire 17,692 hectares of land between 1959 and 1984

• This represented 30% of Singapore’s total land area (excluding reclaimed

land)

• Half of this land was given to HDB for public housing

• Land acquisition was done relatively cheaply and quickly which in turn allowed

Public Housing to be developed with low land costs and at a very fast pace

Central Provident Fund (CPF)

• The CPF was set up in 1955 as a retirement scheme with contributions from both the employer and employee

• Government sells bonds to CPF Board and uses fund to

finance development of public housing and infrastructures

• In 1968 CPF savings was allowed to be used for the purchase of HDB flats

• In 1981 CPF savings was: allowed for the purchase of private residential properties in Singapore

Why Home Ownership?

Provides an asset & a

store of

Provides a stake in the country value

Key
Benefits

Encourages

better

maintenance

Promotes rootedness
& belonging

Builds strong

work ethics

© 2016 Housing & Development Board

Current Range of Housing Subsidies

Income up to $12,000

Income up to $14,000
Resale Flats

(market value)
Executive
Condominiums
New Flat
(market discount)

Family Grant

($10k - $30k)

Proximity Housing

Grant ($20k)*

Family Grant

($30k)

Additional CPF Housing Grant

($5k to $40k)

Special CPF
Housing Grant

+

($5k to $40k)
Concessionary

Concessionary loan

loan

* There is no income ceiling

© 2016 Housing & Development Board

Keeping Development Costs Low

Land Cost - Land Acquisition Act (LAA)

• 1966 LAA – enabled state to compulsorily acquire land for

public purpose at a reasonable price

Construction Cost

• HDB cut red tape, broke cartels, ended payment delays & corruption, ended over-specification, raised productivity, instituted open tender and fair contract practices

• HDB built brick, sand and granite quarries, award bulk

contracts for steel bars and cement

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