LIVRE BLANC Sur Les VARIETES RESISTANTES Etat Des Lieux En France, Espagne Et Portugal

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LIVRE BLANC Sur Les VARIETES RESISTANTES Etat Des Lieux En France, Espagne Et Portugal LIVRE BLANC sur les VARIETES RESISTANTES Etat des lieux en France, Espagne et Portugal LIBRO BLANCO sobre VARIEDADES RESISTENTES Estado de situación en Francia, España y Portugal LIVRO BRANCO sobre as VARIEDADES RESISTENTES Estado de coisas em França, Espanha e Portugal Auteurs (FR) : Jean-Michel Salmon, Hernan Ojeda, Anne Hubert, Eric Giraud Héraud, Alejandro Fuentes Espinoza Autores (ES) : Felicidad de Herralde, Leonor Ruiz, Robert Savé, Xoán Elorduy, Enric Bartra, José María Gil, Cristina Escobar Autores (PT) : José E. Eiras Dias, João Brazão, Jorge Cunha, Helena Oliveira, Isabel Rodrigo, Cristina Carlos, Fernanda Almeida © Vinovert - 2018 - 1/124 Ce livre blanc est issu du travail mené dans le cadre du projet Interreg Sudoe « Vinovert » et a été rédigé avec l’aide des partenaires suivants : Este documento se basa en el trabajo realizado dentro del proyecto Interreg Sudoe 'Vinovert' y fue escrita con la ayuda de los siguientes socios : Este documento é baseado em trabalho realizado no âmbito do projecto Interreg Sudoe 'Vinovert' e foi escrito com a ajuda dos seguintes parceiros : France / Francia / França : INRA Pech Rouge, INRA Montpellier, INRA Bordeaux, Université de Bordeaux (GREThA). Espagne / España / Espanha : IRTA, CREDA, INCAV, IMIDA. Portugal : INIAV, ADVID, Ramos Pinto. © Vinovert - 2018 - 2/124 TABLE DES MATIERES / TABLA DE CONTENIDO / TABELA DE CONTEÚDOS LIVRE BLANC sur les VARIETES RESISTANTES : Etat des lieux en France ........... 6 RESUME ......................................................................................................... 7 RESUMEN ..................................................................................................... 10 RESUMO ....................................................................................................... 13 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 16 Tour d’horizon des variétés résistantes ........................................................ 17 Historique d’une pratique ancienne ........................................................................................... 17 La recherche dans le monde (hors France) ................................................................................ 18 La recherche en France............................................................................................................... 20 Les obtentions françaises INRA d'Alain Bouquet ......................................................... 20 Les obtentions françaises INRA-Resdur ........................................................................ 21 La réglementation française actuelle ............................................................ 25 D'un point de vue agronomique ................................................................... 27 Qu’en est-il des rendements ? ................................................................................................... 27 Architecture de la vigne et résistance ? ..................................................................................... 27 Stabilité de(s) résistance(s) ? ...................................................................................................... 28 D'un point de vue œnologique ..................................................................... 30 Production de jus ........................................................................................................................ 30 Production de vins à faible teneur en alcool .............................................................................. 30 Production de vins et aptitude technologique ........................................................................... 32 Sensibilité à l’oxydation .............................................................................................................. 33 D’un point de vue économique, coûts et bénéfices ...................................... 35 Le coût des traitements phytosanitaires .................................................................................... 35 Des économies engendrées par la culture de variétés résistantes ? ......................................... 36 Coûts ............................................................................................................................. 36 Emissions ...................................................................................................................... 40 De nouveaux frais générés ? ...................................................................................................... 42 © Vinovert - 2018 - 3/124 Quelles attentes sociétales ? ........................................................................ 44 Du point de vue des viticulteurs : ............................................................................................... 44 Du point de vue des consommateurs : ....................................................................................... 46 Contexte sociétal : ........................................................................................................ 46 Sélection des vins, recrutement des consommateurs et protocole : .......................... 47 Résultats et analyse des comportements d’achat des consommateurs : .................... 47 CONCLUSIONS .............................................................................................. 50 BIBLIOGRAPHIE ............................................................................................ 51 ANNEXES ...................................................................................................... 56 LIBRO BLANCO sobre VARIEDADES RESISTENTES : Estado de situación en España ......................................................................................................... 63 RESUME ....................................................................................................... 64 RESUMEN ..................................................................................................... 65 RESUMO ....................................................................................................... 66 INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................................................ 67 El contexto en España .................................................................................. 67 La legislación actual en España ..................................................................... 68 Los programas de mejora ............................................................................. 69 El programa del IMIDA ............................................................................................................... 69 Realización de cruzamientos dirigidos (Hibridación). .................................................. 72 Germinación de semillas .............................................................................................. 72 Análisis molecular de la presencia de genes de resistencia en los cruces generados . 72 Análisis agronómico, morfológico y de calidad de la uva de los cruces seleccionados. ...................................................................................................................................... 73 El programa VRIAACC ................................................................................................................. 74 Otros estudios............................................................................................................................. 76 CONCLUSIONES ............................................................................................ 77 REFERENCIAS ................................................................................................ 78 LIVRO BRANCO sobre as VARIEDADES RESISTENTES : Estado de coisas em Portugal ....................................................................................................... 80 RESUME ....................................................................................................... 81 RESUMEN ..................................................................................................... 84 RESUMO ....................................................................................................... 87 © Vinovert - 2018 - 4/124 INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................... 90 Enquadramento Histórico ............................................................................. 91 Primeiros trabalhos de melhoramento genético da videira ...................................................... 91 Organização da investigação sobre genética e melhoramento da videira ................................ 94 Interesse das variedades resistentes vs. variedades tradicionais .............................................. 95 A LEGISLAÇÃO PORTUGUESA ........................................................................ 97 Inscrição de novas variedades no Catálogo Nacional de Variedades de Espécies Agrícolas e de Espécies Hortícolas (CNV) ................................................................................................... 97 Introdução em cultura de variedades aptas à produção de vinho .......................................... 98 A INVESTIGAÇÃO EM PORTUGAL .................................................................. 98 CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS VARIEDADES RESISTENTES EM PORTUGAL ............. 100 Defensor B ...............................................................................................................................
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