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Teknologi Akuaponik Bagi Masyarakat Perkotaan Di Kelurahan Paket Agung

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Teknologi Akuaponik Bagi Masyarakat Perkotaan Di Kelurahan Paket Agung ISBN 978-623-7482-47-5 TEKNOLOGI AKUAPONIK BAGI MASYARAKAT PERKOTAAN DI KELURAHAN PAKET AGUNG Gede Ari Yudasmara 1, Ni Nyoman Dian Martini 2, Jasmine Masyitha Amelia 3, Luh Suryatini 4 1,2,3 Prodi Akuakultur FMIPA Undiksha; 4 Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Buleleng Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Along with the proliferation of economic development and settlements in urban areas, the land conversion that occurs in urban areas is also increasing. The lands that used to be agricultural land have turned into residential areas. With the narrowing of land potential in cities that can be utilized, the use of yards is an option that can be chosen to support agricultural development in urban areas. The purpose of this P2M activity is through educational activities and aquaponic technique training, it is hoped that the local community will be able to develop this business as a source of income, but also to increase understanding of the importance of sustainable urban farming and trigger their awareness and concern for environmental health. so that this aquaponics can be used for mutual welfare. The results of this community service activity have been able to increase the knowledge, understanding and skills of the community in Paket Agung, Buleleng District, Buleleng Regency in aquaponic activities. Keywords: training, urban community, aquaponic, Paket Agung ABSTRAK Seiring maraknya pembangunan perekonomian dan pemukiman di wilayah perkotaan, semakin meningkat pula alih fungsi lahan yang terjadi di perkotaan. Lahan-lahan yang dulunya merupakan lahan pertanian, berubah menjadi pemukiman penduduk. Dengan semakin menyempitnya potensi lahan di perkotaan yang bisa dimanfaatkan, maka pemanfaatan pekarangan merupakan salah satu opsi yang bisa dipilih untuk mendukung pembangunan pertanian di perkotaan. Tujuan dari kegiatan P2M ini adalah melalui kegiatan pendidikan dan pelatihan teknik akuaponik ini diharapkan masyarakat setempat selain dapat mengembangkan usaha ini sebagai sumber pendapatan, juga untuk meningkatkan pemahaman tentang arti penting pertanian perkotaan ( urban farming ) yang berkelanjutan dan memicu kesadaran serta kepedulian mereka terhadap kesehatan lingkungan sehingga akuaponik ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kesejahteraan bersama. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini telah mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan keterampilan masyarakat di Kelurahan Paket Agung Kecamatan Buleleng Kabupaten Buleleng dalam kegiatan akuaponik. Kata kunci: pelatihan, masyarakat perkotaan, akuaponik, kelurahan Paket Agung PENDAHULUAN Semakin menyempitnya potensi lahan pertanian di perkotaan yang bisa dimanfaatkan, Perkembangan yang pesat di daerah maka pemanfaatan pekarangan merupakan salah perkotaan berdampak pada semakin satu opsi yang bisa dipilih untuk berkurangnya lahan pertanian yang ada. Seiring mendukung pembangunan pertanian di maraknya pembangunan perekonomian dan perkotaan. Pemanfaatan pekarangan kemudian pemukiman di wilayah perkotaan, semakin sangat erat kaitannya dengan usaha mencapai meningkat pula alih fungsi lahan yang terjadi di ketahanan pangan masyarakat yang dimulai dari perkotaan. Lahan-lahan yang dulunya skala yang paling kecil, yaitu skala rumah merupakan lahan pertanian, berubah menjadi tangga. Salah satu cara yang bisa digunakan pemukiman penduduk (BPTP, 2016). dalam pemanfaatan pekarangan adalah teknologi Proceeding Senadimas Undiksha 2020 | 505 ISBN 978-623-7482-47-5 budidaya tanaman dengan sistem akuaponik teknik akuaponik, dilakukan dengan metode (Sastro Y, 2012; Mashar AZ, 2015). pendidikan dan pelatihan (diklat) yang kemudian Sistem akuaponik merupakan salah satu dilanjutkan dengan pendampingan. Kegiatan jawaban yang tepat dalam budidaya pertanian diklat ini berlangsung selama dua hari dengan dimana harga tanah semakin mahal, air semakin rincian sebagai berikut; 1) hari pertama langka, konversi lahan besar-besaran, dan isu digunakan untuk memberikan teori tentang perubahan iklim akibat pemanasan global. Jika akuaponik dengan durasi selama 120 menit yaitu dibandingkan dengan budidaya pertanian secara dari pukul 08.00 - 10.00 wita dan 2) hari kedua konvensional, sistem akuaponik memiliki digunakan untuk melatih secara langsung para beberapa kelebihan. Keunggulan sistem peserta praktek tentang teknik akuaponik dengan budidaya akuaponik diantaranya dapat durasi 120 menit yaitu dari pukul 08.00 - 10.00 diterapkan di pekarangan sempit, tidak wita. Sementara itu, kegiatan pendamping memerlukan media tanam, pupuk, penyiraman, dilakukan setelah kegiatan diklat selesai, yaitu hemat air, sehat, memiliki nilai estetika tinggi, persisnya ketika peserta melakukan langsung dan bebas kontaminan. Jadi, akuaponik sangat kegiatan akuaponik tersebut. Dalam pemberian prospektif untuk dikembangkan di tempat teori maupun praktik, pihak yang bertindak dimana air dan tanahnya langka serta mahal, sebagai narasumber dan instruktur adalah pakar seperti di wilayah perkotaan, di daerah kering, akuaponik dari Prodi Akuakultur, Undiksha serta padang pasir, serta pulau-pulau kecil (BPTP, dari BPP Kecamatan Buleleng Dinas Pertanian 2016). Kabupaten Buleleng Secara sederhana, akuaponik dapat digambarkan sebagai penggabungan antara sistem budidaya akuakultur (budidaya ikan) dengan hidroponik (budidaya tanaman/sayuran tanpa media tanah). Sistem ini mengadopsi sistem ekologi pada lingkungan alamiah, dimana terdapat hubungan simbiosis mutualisme antara ikan dan tanaman. Jenis ikan ini tergantung pada iklim lokal dan jenis yang tersedia di pasaran, tetapi yang paling saring digunakan yaitu ikan lele, nila, patin dll. (Sagita dan Prakoso, 2014; Rains dan Whitworth, 2018). Menghasilkan produk pangan yang sehat dan aman dari pekarangan sendiri sudah bukan menjadi impian lagi. Saat ini, keterbatasan lahan pekarangan bukan merupakan hambatan untuk Gambar 1. Lokasi Kegiatan menerapkan sistem akuaponik di rumah. Untuk itu, salah satu lokasi perkotaan khususnya di kota Singaraja yang memenuhi syarat sebagai tempat HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN pengembangan Pada kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini telah ditempuh beberapa cara untuk METODE meningkatkan pengetahuan, pemahaman dan keterampilan masyarakat di kelurahan Paket Kegiatan dalam rangka meningkatkan Agung Kecamatan Buleleng dalam kegiatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat diklat teknologi akuaponik. Materi ceramah dan perkotaan di Kelurahan Paket Agung dalam hal diskusi tentang manfaat dan cara pembuatan Proceeding Senadimas Undiksha 2020 | 506 ISBN 978-623-7482-47-5 (prosedur kerja) teknologi akuaponik 5. Isi ember dengan bibit ikan lele ukuran 5-12 disampaikan oleh Dr. Gede Ari Yudasmara, cm sebanyak 60-100 ekor diamkan selama S.Si., M.Si dan Luh Suryatini, SP serta dibantu 1-2 hari. oleh dua orang mahasiswa Prodi S1 Akuakultur 6. Setelah itu rangkai gelas kangkung dalam FMIPA Undiksha. ember Pada sesi ceramah dan diskusi ini pemakalah lebih banyak menjelaskan tentang Teknik Pemeliharaan teknik akuaponik dalam menunjang kehidupan Untuk pemeliharaan, letakkan ember di masyarakat di daerah perkotaan, kemudian tempat terkena matahari maksimal. Berikan dilanjutkan dengan penjelasan aspek ekonomis pakan kepada ikan sesuai ukuran sekenyangnya teknologi akuaponik, agar dapat meningkatkan bisa 2-3 kali dengan waktu tetap. Tanaman taraf perekonomian. Selama ini masyarakat di kangkung akan terlihat tumbuh di hari ke-3. kelurahan ini belum banyak yang tahu Perlu diperhatikan bila ada hama pengganggu bagaimana teknologi akuaponik. Hal ini terlihat pada daun kangkung, segera buang daun atau dari penjelasan beberapa anggota masyarakat batang karena kangkung akan kriting dan mati. yang manyatakan bahwa mereka belum tahu Penampakan air akan berubah menjadi warna tentang teknologi akuponik. Pada acara tersebut hijau. Perlu selalu diperhatikan dan amati nafsu penceramah menjelaskan beberapa teknik yang makan ikan setiap hari. Apabila nafsu makan bisa digunakan dalam akuaponik. ikan menurun, air berbau busuk (NH3, H2S), Setelah sesi ceramah dan diskusi ikan menggantung (kepala di atas, ekor ke dilanjutkan dengan praktek teknologi akuaponik. bawah) segera ganti air atau lakukan sipon Pada sesi ini dipandu oleh Dr. Gede Ari (Penyedotan kotoran di dasar ember dengan Yudasmara, S.Si., M.Si dan dibantu oleh Ni selang). Ganti air biasanya 10-14 hari sekali. Nyoman Dian Martini, S.Pi., M.Si dan Jasmine Untuk penyedotan 5-8 liter, bisa lebih atau Masyitha Amelia, S.Pi. M.Si pembuatan keseluruhan bila perlu, ganti dengan air bersih. akuaponik ini dilakukan oleh peserta. Bahan- Jika kangkung membesar maka dibutuhkan air bahan yang diperlukan adalah : lebih banyak, tambahkan air setinggi leher Ember ukuran 80 liter ember. Benih ikan lele Bibit Kangkung Waktu Panen Kangkung dan Ikan Gelas plastik Waktu panen tanaman kangkung pertama Arang adalah 14-21 hari sejak tanam. Saat panen Kawat sisakan kembali bagian bawah atau tunas Tang kangkung untuk pertumbuhan kembali. Panen Cara membuatnya adalah : ke-2 dan selanjutnya berjarak 10-14 hari sekali. 1. Sediakan gelas untuk tempat bibit kangkung Panen kangkung bisa bertahan 4 bulan. Untuk sebanyak 10-15 buah, lubangi dengan waktu panen ikan lele dapat dilakukan dalam 2 solder bawah gelas. bulan, bila benih bagus dan pakan baik. Perlu 2. Potong kangkung dan masukkan ke dalam diketahui tingkat bertahan hidup (survival) ikan gelas kemudian isikan dengan arang batok lele 40-100%. kelapa sebanyak 50-80 % ukuran gelas. Sementara itu, kinerja peserta pelatihan 3. Potong kawat sepanjang 12 cm dan buat kait diamati selama proses pelatihan menggunakan untuk pegangan gelas
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