DOCSLIB.ORG

SISTEM AKUAPONIK PRODUKSI IKAN NILA (Oreochromis Niloticus) BERKELANJUTAN DI LAHAN PEKARANGAN DENGAN PAKAN DUCKWEED (Lemnaceae)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SISTEM AKUAPONIK PRODUKSI IKAN NILA (Oreochromis Niloticus) BERKELANJUTAN DI LAHAN PEKARANGAN DENGAN PAKAN DUCKWEED (Lemnaceae) Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perikanan dan Kelautan ISSN 2655-8947 SISTEM AKUAPONIK PRODUKSI IKAN NILA (Oreochromis Niloticus) BERKELANJUTAN DI LAHAN PEKARANGAN DENGAN PAKAN DUCKWEED (Lemnaceae) AQUAPONIC SYSTEM OF A SUSTAINABLE TILAPIA (Oreochromis Niloticus) PRODUCTION IN A BACKYARD FEED WITH DUCKWEED (Lemnaceae) Sulmin Gumiri Study Program of Aquatic Resources Management, Fishery Department - Faculty of Agriculture University of Palangka Raya, Kampus UPR Tunjung Nayo, Jalan Yos Sudarso Palangka Raya, 73111 e-Mail : [email protected] ABSTRAK Salah satu isu ketersediaan pangan akhir-akhir ini adalah semakin banyaknya jenis makanan yang terkontaminasi bahan berbahaya baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan kecenderungan orang untuk mengkonsumsi ikan organik. Sejak satu dekade terakhir kebutuhan dunia akan ikan organik mengalami pertumbuhan 25 % per tahun, sementara kontribusi budidaya ikan organik baru sebesar 0,01 % dari total produksi budidaya ikan dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan teknologi produksi ikan nila berkelanjutan yang hemat energi dan efisien di lahan sempit perkotaan dengan menganalisis tingkat efisiensi kegiatan budidaya ikan nila organik dengan pakan Duckweed pada sistem akuaponik di lahan sempit pekarangan perkotaan. Metode yang digunakan terdiri dari menghitung laju pertumbuhan Duckweed pada sistem akuaponik dan pengukuran laju pertumbuhan ikan nila pada komposisi pakan yang berbeda, serta melakukan analisis terhadap efisiensi budidaya ikan nila organik pada kolam terpal dengan pakan Duckweed. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertumbuhan maksimum Duckweed terjadi pada hari ke sebelas sejak pertama penebaran sedangkan setelah 45 hari penebaran bobot ikan nila, baik yang diberi pakan campuran Duckweed dan pelet maupun hanya Duckweed saja ternyata lebih tinggi dari bobot ikan nila yang hanya diberi pakan pelet komersial. Kata Kunci : Ketahanan pangan , akuaponik, ikan nila, duckweed ABSTRACT, One of recent important issue on food security is the directly or indirectly increase of contaminated food with dangerous substances that lead to the tendency increase of people to consume organic fishes. Since last decade, annual world demand for organic fishes has increased 25%, while the contribution of cultivated organic fish is only 0.01% of the total world aquaculture fish production. This research aimed to develop a sustainable tilapia fish production technology with low cost energy and efficient in urban backyard, by analyzing the efficiency of tilapia aquaculture feed with Duckweed in an aquaponik system and then measuring the growth rate of tilapia fishes in different feed composition, and also analyzing the efficiency of organic tilapia farming in plastic pond feed with Duckweed. Results showed that maximum growth of Duckweed was achieved 11 days after its scattering on water, while after 45 days after their introduction, the body weight of tilapia fishes feed with either the mixture of commercial pellet with Duckweed or Duckweed only were higher that the body weight of tilapia fishes that were fed with commercial pellet only. Keywords : Food security, aquaponik, tilapia, duckweed PENDAHULUAN Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengatasi isu-isu ketahanan pangan khususnya ketersediaan sumberdaya ikan utamanya bagi masyarakat di Kota Palangka Raya. Dengan semakin berkurangnya ketersediaan lahan dan cenderung terus memburuknya kualitas air serta mahalnya harga pakan ikan komersial saat ini, maka diperlukan suatu inovasi teknologi untuk mencari alternatif sistem budidaya ikan FAKULTAS PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT 14 Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perikanan dan Kelautan ISSN 2655-8947 di lahan sempit yang efisien dengan memanfaatkan mekanisme alam sebagai sumber energi utama penggeraknya. - Ikan nila Ikan nila (Oreochromis Niloticus) adalah ikan air tawar yang berasal dari Afrika (Nelson, 2008). Di alam, ikan nila mulai memijah sejak berumur 4 bulan dengan ukuran panjang badan sekitar 9,5 cm dan berat sekitar 15 gram (Susanto, 2002). Pembiakan terjadi sepanjang tahun tanpa adanya musim tertentu dengan interval waktu kematangan telur sekitar 2 bulan. Sebelum memijah, ikan jantan biasanya membentuk sarang berupa lubang di dasar perairan lunak. Sementara telur yang telah dibuahi biasanya akan dierami oleh induk betina di dalam mulutnya hingga menetas (mouth breeder). Karena mudah dipelihara di perairan tenang, kolam maupun reservoir (Susanto, 2002), ikan nila juga dapat beradaptasi dengan sangat baik di kolam budidaya bersirkulasi dan biasanya cukup tahan terhadap fluktuasi kualitas air khususnya kandungan oksigen terlarut, suhu, pH dan padatan terlarut (Diver, 2006). Meskipun demikian, jika dipelihara pada sistem akuaponik, maka kualitas air yang baik harus terus dipertahankan untuk mendapatkan pertumbuhan yang optimal dan menjaga kesehatan ikan agar tidak terserang penyakit. Pada sistem akuaponik, parameter kualitas air yang paling penting untuk terus dijaga adalah suhu air, oksigen terlarut dan kandungan ammonia, sementara kandungan nitrat dan nitrit tidak terlalu berpengaruh kepada kesehatan ikan kecuali pada konsentrasi yang sangat tinggi hingga mencapai 300-400 mg/L (Connolly dan Trebic, 2010). Spade (2009) melaporkan bahwa pada sistem akuaponik, pertumbuhan terbaik ikan nila akan dicapai jika dilakukan pemberian pakan sebanyak 3 kali sehari dengan komposisi pakan yang setidaknya mengandung protein 32%. - Tumbuhan air Duckweed Tumbuhan air Duckweed atau biasa juga disebut mata lele dalam Bahasa Indonesia adalah jenis tumbuhan hijau yang hidup mengapung di permukaan air. Ciri-ciri morfologi dari tumbuhan yang termasuk ke dalam family Lemnaceae ini antara lain memiliki bentuk seperti daun pipih dengan ukuran beberapa centimeter saja. Ada dua jenis tumbuhan Duckweed, jenis pertama adalah yang memiliki satu atau lebih akar dan 2 kantong reproduksi lateral, sedangkan jenis lainnya adalah yang tidak memiliki akar dan hanya terdiri dari satu kantong reproduksi. Dalam kondisi yang cocok, tumbuhan ini dapat bereproduksi dengan sangat cepat dan dapat menutupi seluruh permukaan air (Sembiring, 2011). Tumbuhan Duckweed berkembang biak secara vegetatif. Satu individu dapat menghasilkan sampai sepuluh generasi hanya dalam beberapa minggu. Dalam waktu kurang dari dua hari, pada kondisi unsur hara, sinar matahari dan suhu yang ideal, tumbuhan ini dapat berkembang biak hingga dua kali lipat (Tayamen, 2011). Jika dipelihara secara efektif, produktivitas mata lele dapat mencapai 10-30 ton bobot kering per hektar yang mengandung 43% protein dan 5% lemak jenuh (Leng, dkk,. 1995). Produktivitasnya FAKULTAS PERIKANAN DAN KELAUTAN UNIVERSITAS LAMBUNG MANGKURAT 15 Prosiding Seminar Nasional Perikanan dan Kelautan ISSN 2655-8947 yang tinggi dan kaya nutrisi, telah menjadikan jenis tumbuhan air ini sebagai sumber pakan ternak dan ikan yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkankan di kebun pekarangan. - Teknologi Akuaponik Akuaponik adalah suatu teknologi yang merupakan gabungan antara teknologi hidroponik dan budidaya ikan. Pada teknologi ini, air yang digunakan pada pemeliharaan ikan akan mengalami pengayaan unsur hara berupa senyawa-senyawa yang mengandung nitrogen dan fosfor yang berasal dari kotoran ikan. Air ini kemudian disirkulasikan ke media tanam di mana unsur hara yang ada di dalamnya akan diserap oleh tanaman yang ditanam secara hidroponik (Connolly dan Trebic, 2010). Teknologi akuaponik merupakan salah satu alternatif solusi terhadap isu-isu dari kedua sistem baik budidaya ikan maupun budidaya tanaman secara hidroponik. Sistem budidaya ikan sering menghadapi kendala berupa pencemaran air akibat dari akumulasi limbah pakan dan limbah kotoran ikan, sedangkan sistem budidaya tanaman hidroponik juga dihadapkan kepada kendala mahalnya harga pupuk kimia sebagai unsur hara yang harus disediakan untuk mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman. Ikan yang dipelihara di kolam akan mengeluarkan limbah buangan khususnya dalam bentuk nitrat dan amoniak melalui urin dan insangnya ke seluruh air di kolam. Semakin lama, senyawa-senyawa buangan beracun ini akan terakumulasi di air dan akan mempengaruhi kesehatan ikan. Di lain pihak senyawa buangan ikan ini dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk organik yang akan menyuburkan tanaman (Nelson, 2008). Karena itu, sistem akuaponik dikembangkan untuk mengatasi kedua isu tersebut di mana unsur hara berlebihan yang mencemari air media pemeliharaan ikan dapat disirkulasi sebagai pupuk ke media tanaman hidroponik untuk diserap oleh tanaman yang sekaligus berperan sebagai penyaring, dan air bersih hasil dari penyaringan tersebut kemudian dialirkan kembali ke kolam pemeliharaan ikan (Nelson, 2008). Dengan kata lain, pada teknologi akuaponik, limbah dari suatu sistem biologi akan menjadi unsur hara yang sangat diperlukan pada suatu sistem biologi lainnya (Diver, 2006). Karena itu, teknologi akuaponik saat ini dapat dianggap sebagai suatu teknologi ekstrim yang efisien sumberdaya dan merupakan metode berkelanjutan dalam memproduksi tanaman pada semua tingkatan usaha (Suits, 2010) yang benar-benar mendekati pola interaksi alami antara tanaman dan ikan di ekosistem perairan alami. Berbeda dengan sistem akuaponik yang sudah umum dikembangkan saat ini di mana tanaman yang dipelihara adalah tanaman jenis holtikultura seperti tomat, cabe dan berbagai jenis sayuran konsumsi lainnya, pada penelitian ini tanaman yang akan dibudidayakan secara hidroponik adalah tumbuhan air Duckweed yang sekaligus dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pakan ikan nila. Temuan yang
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 40 Pelatihan Teknologi Akuaponik Sebagai Solusi
    ISSN 2088-2637 Jurnal Pengabdian Dinamika, Edisi 6 Volume1_November 2019 PELATIHAN TEKNOLOGI AKUAPONIK SEBAGAI SOLUSI PENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN DESA BABADSARI, KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG, BANTEN Rida Oktorida Khastini1) , Aris Munandar2) 1)Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa 2)Jurusan Perikanan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa e-mail : [email protected] Abstrak Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Desa Babadsari, adalah dengan memberdayakan masyarakatnya dengan mengoptimalkan potensi daerahnya. Lahan pekarangan yang luas dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber yang dapat menunjang ketahanan pangan dalam aspek sosial, ekologi, dan ekonomi bagi rumah tangga maupun masyarakat lokal secara berkelanjutan melalui implementasi teknologi akuaponik. Tujuan program ini adalah dalam rangka meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat melalui pelatihan teknologi akuaponik sebagai solusi pendukung ketahanan pangan, serta mengembangkan kegiatan ekonomi produktif masyarakat sebagai bentuk pemberdayaan masyarakat desa. Metode pelaksanaan pelatihan teknologi akuaponik dilakukan dengan 5 tahapan, yaitu tahap persiapan, sosialisasi, pelatihan, pendampingan dan evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan pelatihan teknologi akuaponik di desa Babadsari mendapat respon yang positif dan antusiasme kelompok sasaran. Seluruh peserta merasakan banyak manfaat dari segi estetika dan ekonomi Kegiatan ini memotivasi warga lainnya yang mulai tertarik untuk ikut serta menerapkan teknologi akuaponik di pekarangan rumah mereka sendiri. Warga yang telah menerapkan program tidak lagi membeli beberapa jenis sayur dan ikan ke pasar. Kata kunci: Akuaponik, Babadsari, Ikan, Sayuran Abstract [Aquaponics Technology Training as a solution to support Food Security in Babadsari Village, Pandeglang Regency, Banten]. One way to improve the welfare of the community in Babadsari Village is by empowering the community through optimizing the potential of the area.
    [Show full text]
  • How Trees and People Can Co-Adapt to Climate Change Reducing Vulnerability in Multifunctional Landscapes
    How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change Reducing vulnerability in multifunctional landscapes EDITORS MEINE VAN NOORDWIJK MINH HA HOANG HENRY NEUFELDT INGRID ÖBORN THOMAS YATICH WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change Reducing vulnerability in multifunctional landscapes EDITORS MEINE VAN NOORDWIJK MINH HA HOANG HENRY NEUFELDT INGRID ÖBORN THOMAS YATICH Citation Van Noordwijk M, Hoang MH, Neufeldt H, Öborn I, Yatich T, eds. 2011. How trees and people can co-adapt to climate change: reducing vulnerability through multifunctional agroforestry landscapes. Nairobi: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). Disclaimer and copyright The World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) holds the copyright to its publications and web pages but encourages duplication, without alteration, of these materials for non- commercial purposes. Proper citation is required in all instances. Information owned by others that requires permission is marked as such. The information provided by the Centre is, to the best of our knowledge, accurate although we do not guarantee the information nor are we liable for any damages arising from use of the information. Website links provided by our site will have their own policies that must be honoured. The Centre maintains a database of users although this information is not distributed and is used only to measure the usefulness of our information. Without restriction, please add a link to our website www.worldagroforestrycentre.org on your website or publication. ISBN 978-979-3198-56-9 World Agroforestry Centre United Nations Avenue, Gigiri PO Box 30677, Nairobi 00100, Kenya Tel: +(254) 20 722 4000 Fax: +(254) 20 722 4001 Email: [email protected] www.worldagroforestry.org Southeast Asia Regional Office Jl.
    [Show full text]
  • Homestead Farming in Kerala: a Multi-Faceted Land-Use System Jacob John*
    RESEARCH ARTICLE Homestead Farming in Kerala: A Multi-Faceted Land-Use System Jacob John* Abstract: Homestead farming, prevalent in different parts of the world, presents an excellent example of the many systems and practices of agroforestry. The homestead is an operational farm unit in which a number of crops (including tree crops) are grown, along with rearing of livestock, poultry or fish, mainly for the purpose of meeting the farmer’s basic needs. Homesteads or home gardens, with special reference to Kerala, have been enumerated and their key characteristics summarised in this paper. Homestead farming satisfies the requirements of sustainability by being productive, ecologically sound, stable, economically viable, and socially acceptable. However, land- use changes, availability of agricultural labour, and falling commodity prices are major constraints in homestead farming in Kerala. Future strategies to improve homestead farming should aim at watershed-based development with focus on a whole-farm or systems approach; restructuring and refining existing home gardens, and developing sustainable models through a farmer-participatory approach for each agro-ecological zone; forming homestead clusters; creating germplasm registers; bridging the yield gap by improving crop productivity; developing post-harvest technology of home garden products; generating non-farm employment opportunities; promoting and improving rural financial networks; providing essential rural infrastructure; creating coalitions to address policy concerns at all levels; and broadening consumer perspectives. Keywords: Agroforestry, homestead farming, home gardens, Kerala, sustainable agriculture, home gardens in Indian States, home gardens of Kerala, home gardens for sustainable development, constraints in homestead farming, homestead clusters, land-use system. Introduction Homestead farming or home gardening is a historical tradition that has evolved in many tropical countries over a long period of time.
    [Show full text]
  • Trop. Agr. Develop. P.113-124 64
    Trop. Agr. Develop. 64（3）： 113 － 124，2020 Indonesian Permaculture: Factors Shaping Permaculture Farm Systems in Humid Tropical Indonesia Radityo Haryo PUTRO1, 2 and Rie MIYAURA1, * 1 Faculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan 2 Present affiliation: Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan Abstract Permaculture-based farming systems are relatively unexplored in the humid tropics. A few studies have shown that permaculture in such areas has diverse roles and contributions, but these are poorly understood. We hypothesized that the unique social needs of local people or the natural environment in the humid tropics influence how permaculture systems are shaped to operate and have roles that fit under local context. The present study sought to identify and validate these influences toward three different aspects of the permaculture farm: 1) operations, 2) management, and 3) crop diversity. Field surveys were conducted in Indonesia between 2016–2019. A total of six permaculture farms were found across the country, and four farms (one in Yogyakarta and three in Bali) were able to cooperate for the present study. Analysis of quantitative data, such as for determining crop diversity, involved using the Shannon and Simpson diversity indices. We identified that the surveyed permaculture farms’ operations, farm management, and crop diversity were shaped by fundamental permaculture principles, socioeconomic factors such as operational needs and profit-related managerial decisions, and socio-cultural factors such as the beliefs of owners and local societal needs.
    [Show full text]
  • PEKARANGAN”) on HOUSEHOLD PROSPERITY: an ANALYSIS of AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES of JAVA, Indonesiai
    THE ROLE AND IMPACTS OF SMALL-SCALE, HOMESTEAD AGRO-FORESTRY SYSTEMS (“PEKARANGAN”) ON HOUSEHOLD PROSPERITY: AN ANALYSIS OF AGRO-ECOLOGICAL ZONES OF JAVA, INDONESIAi The role and impacts of small-scale, homestead agro-forestry systems (“pekarangan”) on household prosperity: an analysis of agro-ecological zones of Java, Indonesiaii Hadi Susilo Arifina, Aris Munandara, Gerhardus Schultinkb and Regan L. Kaswantoa a Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia b Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI. 48824. USA Abstract1 A survey of very small-scale homestead gardens in three Javanese provinces was conducted to analyze the potential beneficial effects on household’s quality of life. Aspects included: (1) diet and nutrition, (2) income, (3) level of goods and material assets, (4) family status, (5) credit access, and (6) the role of women in managing production and marketing. The survey encompassed sites on West, Central and East Java, representing a range of agro-ecological zones, watersheds (6), elevations, socio-cultural conditions and development stages. The plot sizes evaluated ranged from < 120 m2 with no other agricultural land (OAL) to 120-400 m2 with < 1,000 m2 OAL. The average household plot size was about 240 m2 (with open space of at least 140 m2) and OAL of 500 m2. Around 5.7% of the sample villages were, by national standards, considered to be at an advanced development state, with 82.9% at a medium state, and with the rest least developed. On average, very small homestead plots reduced food expenses by 9.9%. Nutritional benefits are primarily in the form of vitamin A and C – providing 2.4% and 23.6% of recommended dietary allowance (RDA), respectively and only 1.9% of either carbohydrates or protein.
    [Show full text]
  • Home Garden of Sasak People in Sajang Village, Sembalun, East Lombok, Indonesia
    International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Sciences (IJRSAS) Volume 2, Issue 1, January 2016, PP 32-40 ISSN 2454-6224 http://dx.doi.org/10.20431/2454-6224.0201005 www.arcjournals.org Home garden of Sasak people in Sajang Village, Sembalun, East Lombok, Indonesia Rosalina Edy Swandayani1, Luchman Hakim2, Serafinah Indriyani 3 Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Brawijaya University Veteran Street, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia [email protected], [email protected], 3 [email protected] Abstract: The aim of the study is to assess the local people’s knowledge in using home garden’s plants in Sajang Villagein Sembalun District, East Lombok. Floristic data was done in 105 home gardens along villages corridors to the Mt. Rinjani. Plant species usage among local people was measured using Use Value and Cultural Significant Index. The results showed that there were 279 species of 85 families grows and used by local people. Based on data analysis, Persea americana has the highest UVs (UVs = 1.35). It was followed by Curcuma longa (UVs = 1.28), Carica papaya (UVs = 1.21), Aloe vera (UVs = 1.01), Kaempferia galanga (UVs = 0.96), Syzygium aromaticum (UVs = 0.95). Plants with the highest CSI value is Aloe vera (CSI = 17.04). It was followed by Curcuma longa (CSI = 12.00), Persea americana (CSI = 9.04), Carica papaya (CSI = 8.87), Manihot esculenta (CSI = 8.17). Plants in home gardens plays an important role in human daily life, including plans as food, traditional medical material, economical and ornamental. The conservation of home garden in Sajang is crucial to maintain biodiversity in rural area and local economic development.
    [Show full text]
  • 117 Traditional Homegarden and Its Transforming
    Traditional Homegarden and Its Transforming Trend (Karyono) TRADITIONAL HOMEGARDEN AND ITS TRANSFORMING TREND Karyono Faculty of MIPA Padjadjaran University ABSTRACT Homegarden is a productive traditional landuse system surrounding the house which is usually planted by a mixture of annual and perennial crops. Homegarden plays important role in fulfilling various daily needs of the household. It is a dynamic system which can change from time to time following the changes of biophysical and social to fulfill the needs of the owner. The changes of structure and function of Homegarden are commonly related to the improvement program, i.e. intensification and commercialization. However, in the improvement program too often high productivity has been set only as a sole goal, while the long-term of sustainability has been neglected leading the destructive changes in the functioning of Homegarden system. Therefore, improvement program should not be weighted solely on its economic potential, but should also be considered on its socio-cultural and natural conservation function. Keywords : Sustainable Homegarden system PEKARANGAN TRADISIONAL DAN KECENDERUNGAN PERUBAHANNYA ABSTRAK Pekarangan adalah suatu sistem tataguna tanah tradisional yang terletak di sekitar rumah yang umumnya ditanami dengan berbagai tanaman semusim dan tanaman tahunan. Pekarangan mempunyai peranan penting dalam memenuhi berbagai keperluan keluarga sehari-hari. Pekarangan adalah sistem yang dinamis, ia dapat berubah dari waktu ke waktu mengikuti perubahan biofisik dan sosial untuk memenuhi kebuhunan pemiliknya. Perubahan struktur dan fungsi pekarangan umumnya berkaitan dengan program perbaikan pekarangan dalam rangka intensifikasi dan komersialisasi pekarangan. Namun perbaikan pekarangan sering hanya ditujukan untuk mendapatkan produksi yang tinggi, sedangkan produktifitas jangka panjang yang berkelanjutan diabaikan sehingga menyebabkan rusaknya fungsi sistem pekarangan tersebut.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscape Ecology and Urban Biodiversity in Tropical Indonesian Cities
    Landscape Ecol Eng (2011) 7:33–43 DOI 10.1007/s11355-010-0145-9 SPECIAL FEATURE: REPORT Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Importance of Cities for post 2010 perspective Landscape ecology and urban biodiversity in tropical Indonesian cities Hadi Susilo Arifin • Nobukazu Nakagoshi Received: 19 June 2010 / Revised: 5 December 2010 / Accepted: 5 December 2010 / Published online: 22 January 2011 Ó International Consortium of Landscape and Ecological Engineering and Springer 2011 Abstract Indonesia has recently been faced with a management, biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestra- number of great problems: poverty, natural disasters such tion, and landscape beauty. as tsunami, earthquakes, flooding and typhoons, volcanic eruptions, loss of biodiversity, decreasing water quality and Keywords Biodiversity Á Carbon sequestration Á quantity, increased pollution, and aesthetic degradation of Ecological network Á Ecosystem services Á Green space Á the landscape. These disturbances have been caused by Indigenous species rapid changes in land use and land cover, deforestation, the application of monoculture farming systems in commercial agriculture, urbanization, industrialization, and other types Introduction of infrastructure development. The government, urban communities and companies have promoted some pro- Indonesia is a country that comprises an archipelago which grams to ameliorate the problem of environmental degra- stretches from the West to the East. Landscapes, land uses dation. The government has ratified law no. 26/2007 as a and land cover are changing rapidly in Indonesia in commitment to sustainability; this law ensures that cities response to a variety of economic, demographic and policy are obliged to provide green open spaces covering a min- factors, especially after the economic and political crises of imum of 30% of urbanized areas.
    [Show full text]
  • The Javanese Homegarden
    The Javanese Homegarden Otto Soemarwoto and G.R. Conway [Professor, Institute of Geology, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia, and Professor, Centre for Environmental Technology, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London.] ABSTRACT On of the oldest forms of agroecosystems, the homegarden is present throughout the world. It is most highly developed on the island of Java, in Indonesia, where it typically has a very high diversity of useful plants and animals per unit area. This diversity and the intensive household care that is given to the homegarden result in a unique combination of high levels of productivity, stability, sustainability, and equitability. Compared with rice fields on Java, the homegarden has a greater diversity of production and frequently produces a higher net income. The harvest is more stable over time, the system is buffered against pests and diseases, and the effects of erosion are less severe. Also, the products of the home garden are more equitably shared among members of the household and village. In the future, the homegarden will be a viable alternative to monocropped field agriculture. It also is a highly valuable source of genetic diversity. INTRODUCTION Agroecosystem Analysis (AFA) is a form of farming systems research developed in Southeast Asia over the past twenty years (Conway, 1985, 1986, 1987; Conway and Barbier, 1990). The approach rests on certain key concepts---the agroecosysten, the agroecosystem hierarchy, the properties of agroecosystems, and the trade-offs between them. These concepts are used as a means of stimulating interdisciplinary research and action, particularly involving natural and social scientists. It differs from conventional Farming Systems Research (FSR) in a number of respects, but particularly in its capacity to extend analysis, using the same concepts and techniques, to systems in the agricultural hierarchy above and below the farm.
    [Show full text]
  • Non-Timber Forest Products and Livelihoods in Michigan's Upper
    Canada Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service Canada Indian and Northern Affairs Canada First Nations Forestry Program orthCentralResearchStation Photo captions front cover: A. A basket maker peels splints—the pliable wood strips that will form a basket—off a “pounded” black ash log. (Photo courtesy of Peggy Castillo) B. Black ash basket making, from logs to finished baskets. (Photo courtesy of Peggy Castillo) C. A future basket maker tries “pounding” a log. (Photo courtesy of Peggy Castillo) D. Birch “poles” used by some stores for hanging clothing on display. (Photo by Elizabeth Nauertz, courtesy of Winter Woods, Inc.) E. Two women sort cones for Christmas wreaths. (Photo by Elizabeth Nauertz, courtesy of Winter Woods, Inc.) F. Ground pine (Lycopodium dend.) wrapped around a decorative holiday mailbox. (Photo by Elizabeth Nauertz, courtesy of Winter Woods, Inc.) North Central Research Station 1992 Folwell Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 Manuscript approved for publication May 29, 2001 2001 Forest Communities in the Third Millennium: Linking Research, Business, and Policy Toward a Sustainable Non-Timber Forest Product Sector Proceedings of meeting held October 1-4, 1999, Kenora, Ontario, Canada Editors: Iain Davidson-Hunt, Taiga Institute/University of Manitoba Luc C. Duchesne, Canadian Forest Service and John C. Zasada, USDA Forest Service NTFP Conference Proceedings TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTIONS Introduction to the Proceedings Non-timber Forest Products: Local Livelihoods and Integrated Forest Management Iain Davidson-Hunt, Taiga Institute/University of Manitoba; Luc C. Duchesne, Canadian Forest Service; and John C. Zasada, USDA Forest Service ..................................... 1 Welcomes from: Treaty #3 Territory Lance Sandy, Kenora Area Tribal Chief ................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Permaculture, Upaya Meningkatkan Pendapatan Pentani Kecil
    Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lingkungan Lahan Basah p-ISSN 2623-1611 Volume 5 Nomor 2 Halaman 17-20 April 2020 e-ISSN 2623-1980 PERMACULTURE, UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN PENTANI KECIL Permaculture, Effort for Increasing Income of Local Farmers Krisdianto* 1), Selamat 2), Pahmi Anshari2), Ika Oksi Susilawati 1) 1)Prodi Biologi, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru, Indonesia. 1)Jurusan Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Kelautan, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru, Indonesia. Abstract. The increasing population in rural and urban areas requires additional green stainable spaces. However, adequate space both in rural and urban is not easy in high populated areas. People need space for yard, gardens, microclimate regulator, Thus, increasing function of space is wise solutions, including to overcome economic problems. Utilize yards for farming have known for a long time, but fluctuation environmental factors still are problems for increasing harvest, uncertain gain. This research aims to get information about the gain production from small scale farming, by combining multi-cropping plants. Several times Interviews with ten groups of farmers in three different villages were implemented. Information of serial harvests were collected from the fruit trees, vegetables, duck and chicken farms, apiary. Productivity of Permaculture located in three villages at Meratus hill was calculated by considering manpower involved, recycle process in farming system, and economic gain. In conclusion, there are about 30 people of 6 families involved in and nursery and farming and earn a salary of about 400.000.000 per year, harvesting 50.000 trees, 5 tons fruits, 15 tons vegetables, 15 goats, 65 chickens and ducks in the area of 4 ha.
    [Show full text]
  • Globally Important Ingenious Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS): Extent, Significance, and Implications for Development
    Globally Important Ingenious Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS): extent, significance, and implications for development by Miguel A. Altieri University of California, Berkeley and Parviz Koohafkan Director, Rural Development Division Sustainable Development Department, FAO, Rome, Italy Introduction Agroecosystems cover more than one quarter of the global land area, reaching about 5 billion hectares. Agroecosystems are ecosystems in which people have deliberately selected crop plants and livestock animals to replace the natural flora and fauna. Highly simplified agroecosystems, (such as intensive cereal cropping, orchards and plantations, and intensive livestock raising), vary enormously in their intensity of human intervention, from those with only low-intensity management (e.g. shifting cultivation, home gardens, nomadic pastoralism, traditional farms, rotational fallows and savanna mixed farming), and from those of middle-intensity management (including multiple cropping, mixed horticulture, improved pasture mixed farming and alley farming). Five criteria can be used to classify agroecosystems in a region: (1) the types of crop and livestock; (2) the methods used to grow the crops (chemical or organic) and produce the livestock; (3) the relative intensity of use of labor, capital, and organization, and the resulting output of product; (4) the disposal of the products for consumption (whether used for subsistence or supplement on the farm or sold for cash or other goods); and (5) the structures used to facilitate fanning operations (Norman 1979). Based on these criteria, it is possible to recognize seven main types of agricultural systems in the world (Grigg 1974, also see Table 1 for a more detailed classification): 1. Shifting cultivation systems 2. Semipermanent rain-fed cropping systems 3.
    [Show full text]