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Analisis Motivasi Pemanfaatan Pekarangan Untuk Pertanian Perkotaan Di Kabupaten Bungo

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Analisis Motivasi Pemanfaatan Pekarangan Untuk Pertanian Perkotaan Di Kabupaten Bungo e-ISSN :2581-0227 Terakreditasi Peringkat 5 Kementrian Riset dan Teknologi/Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional JAS No 85/M/KPT/2020 Jurnal Agri Sains Vol. 5 No. 1, ber (2020) http://ojs.umb-bungo.ac.id/index.php/JAS/index ANALISIS MOTIVASI PEMANFAATAN PEKARANGAN UNTUK PERTANIAN PERKOTAAN DI KABUPATEN BUNGO MOTIVATION ANALYSIS OF YARD UTILIZATION FOR URBAN AGRICULTURE IN BUNGO DISTRICT Supriyati Progam Studi Manajemen, Fakultas Ekonomi, Universitas Muara Bungo Jl. Diponegoro No 27 Kelurahan Cadika, Kecamatan Rimbo Tengah Kabupeten Bungo, Jambi 37211, Indonesia [email protected] ABSTRAK Pertanian perkotaan terus berkembang dalam kaitannya dengan masalah lingkungan, ekonomi, kesehatan dan sosial, termasuk di Kota Muara Bungo. Agar pemanfaatan pekarangan ini dapat berkelanjutan dan berkesinambungan, pemanfaatan pekarangan haruslah menyesuaikan motivasi masyarakat itu sendiri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat motivasi lingkungan, ekonomi, kesehatan dan sosial/kemasyarakatan dalam memanfaatkan pekarangan untuk usaha tani. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan teknik survei menggunakan kuesioner kepada 79 responden. Motivasi diukur menggunakan skala Likert dari item pernyataan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi masyarakat secara berurutan dari yang tinggi ke rendah yaitu motivasi kesehatan, motivasi lingkungan, dan motivasi ekonomi dan motivasi sosial/kemasyarakatan. Perencanaan dan kebijakan pertanian di perkotaan khususnya di pekarangan harus memberi perhatian khusus pada kegiatan pertanian perkotaan ini karena memberi manfaat dalam Kesehatan dan sosial berupa pemanfaatan waktu luang dan gotong-royong antar warga,dengan mengimplementasikan konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan yang disesuaikan dengan motivasi masyarakat itu sendiri. Kata kunci: Motivasi; Pekarangan; Pertanian perkotaan ABSTRACK Urban agriculture continues to develop in relation to environmental, economic, health and social issues, including in Muara Bungo City. In order for the use of this yard to be sustainable and sustainable, the use of the yard must adjust the motivation of the community itself. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of environmental, economic, health and social/community motivation in utilizing the yard for farming. This study uses descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach and survey techniques using questionnaires to 79 respondents. Motivation is measured using a Likert scale of statement items. The results showed that people's motivations sequentially from high to low were health motivation, environmental motivation, and economic motivation and social/social motivation. Agricultural planning and policies in urban areas, especially in the yard, must pay special attention to urban agricultural activities because they provide health and social benefits in the form of the use of free time and mutual cooperation between residents, by implementing the concept of sustainable development that is adapted to the motivation of the community it self. 51 Key words : Motivation; yard; Urban farming Pendahuluan Battersby dan Marshak, 2013), serta Dengan semakin berkurangnya mengurangi biaya transportasi wilayah pertanian secara tidak langsung (Mcclintock, 2010), (Fikriman. Dkk, 2020) menyebabkan ketersediaan pangan di juga menyatakan bahwa Secara bersama- kawasan perkotaan akan terus menurun, sama atau serempak pendapatan, yang mengakibatkan kawasan perkotaan pendidikan ibu rumah tangga, jumlah terancam mengalami persoalan anggota keluarga dan bantuan sosial ketahanan pangan. terhadap pangan berpengaruh terhadap Studi tentang pertanian perkotaan pengeluaran pangan rumah tangga miskin, terus berkembang dalam kaitannya dengan maka dengan itu dengan memanfaatkan masalah lingkungan, ekonomi, kesehatan pekarangan bisa mengurangi pengeluaran dan sosial kemasyarakatan (Mcclintock, rumah tangga. 2010; Guitart, Pickering dan Byrne, 2012; Manfaat Kesehatan juga menjadi Horst dkk, 2017). Pertanian perkotaan motivasi yang mempengaruhi untuk ikut tidak hanya dalam dimensi kegiatan berpartisipasi dalam pemanfaatan pertanian tanaman hortikultura saja, pekarangan di perkotaan (Egli dkk, 2016). namun juga pada kegiatan peternakan. Masyarakat kota mengakui makanan Berusaha tani di tengah kota yang mereka produksi sendiri lebih segar, mempunyai tantangan tersendiri, bergizi dan sehat (Gauder dkk, 2018). mulai dari sumber daya (lahan, media Namun manfaat kesehatan yang lebih luas tanam, air), iklim, serta lingkungan sosial adalah bagaimana berusahatani di dan budayanya. Pada masyarakat pekarangan membantu mereka secara perkotaan yang heterogen, sikap terhadap psikologis men anamkan kedisiplinan dan lingkungan akan berbeda pada setiap kesabaran dan juga menjaga kesehatan individu dan rumah tangga. Sehingga hal fisik (Dunn, 2010) ini menimbulkan perbedaan motivasi Manfaat lain dari pertanian di masyarakat perkotaan untuk perkotaan adalah tempat membangun memanfaatkan pekarangan tersebut. komunitas dan sarana pendidikan (Turner, Pemanfaatan pekarangan ini dapat 2011). Motivasi pribadi utama individu berkelanjutan dan berkesinambungan, mengambil bagian dalam pertanian haruslah menyesuaikan dengan motivasi perkotaan adalah adanya kesempatan masyarakat itu sendiri. Motivasi bersosialisasi, dan juga melestarikan lingkungan menjadi motivasi utama budaya menanam (Hovorka, 2008; masyarakat di beberapa kota besar, Battersby dan Marshak, 2013). melaksanakan pertanian (Ciftcioglu, 2017; Dalam pernyataan (Fikriman, 2017) Trendov, 2018) dan (Gusfarina dan Irham, bahwa Penyebab semakin memburuknya 2019) Pertanian perkotaan, menambah kinerja pertanian di negara berkembang ruang terbuka hijau, dan memperbaiki adalah karena banyak negara berkembang kualitas lingkungan,seperti memberikan yang memiliki daerah pertanian yang manfaat estetik dan psikologis sebagai cukup luas namun tidak bisa sarana rekreasi. memanfaatkan kelebihan luas lahan Motivasi ekonomi yang mendasari pertanian yang mereka miliki, maka masyarakat perkotaan melakukan dengan adanya pemanfaatan lahan usahatani diantaranya sebagai sumber pekarangan kita dapat menumbuhkan makanan keluarga, mengurangi motivasi untuk membangun pertanian. pengeluaran, mendukung ketahanan Dengan analisis empat motivasi pangan keluarga menambah pendapatan ini yaitu motivasi lingkungan; motivasi rumah tangga (Simatele dan Binns, 2008; ekonomi; motivasi kesehatan; dan Jurnal Agri Sains Vol. 5 No. 1, ber (2020) 52 motivasi social / kemasyarakatan Suka Makmur Kecamatan Bathin II masyarakat, diharapkan dapat menjadi Babeko Kabupaten Bungo, kelompok tani masukan dan bahan pertimbangan bagi ini bergerak dibidang tanaman pangan. pengambil kebijakan. Berdasarkan latar belakang tersebut, tujuan dari penelitian Metodologi Penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi karakteristik Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pertanian perkotaan dan menganalisis penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan pemanfaatan pekarangan untuk pertanian kualitatif dan teknik survei menggunakan perkotaan sehingga pengembangan kuesioner. Motivasi diukur menggunakan pertanian perkotaan dapat tepat sasaran, skala likert dari item pernyataan (Tabel berkelanjutan dan berkesinambungan. 1). Setiap pernyataan diberi skor 1 sampai Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota dengan 5 sesuai dengan jawaban yang Muara Bungo, di mana masyarakat yang disediakan yaitu SI = Sangat Ingin, I = menjadi obyek penelitian ini Ingin, N = Netral, TI = Tidak Ingin, STI = memanfaatkan pekarangan untuk Sangat Tidak Ingin. Jawaban dihitung, berusahatani sayur dan/ atau buah dipersentasekan dan skala interval tergabung dalam kelompok tani yang digunakan untuk mengkategorikan berada pada kelompok Tani di Dusun motivasi tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Tabel 1. Item Pernyataan Pengukuran Motivasi Lingkungan, Motivasi Ekonomi, Motivasi Kesehatan dan Motivasi Sosial/Kemasyarakatan No Lingkungan Ekonomi Kesehatan Sosial/Kemasyarakatan 1 Keinginan memberi warna Keinginan mengurangi Keinginan mem Keinginan bergabung pada pekarangan dengan pengeluaran berikan makanan dengan kelompok tani menanam sayuran buah yang (terong, tomat, dan cabai) hiegienis bebas pestisida bagi keluarga 2 Keinginan menjadikan Keinginan mengurangi Keinginan keinginan menjadi tempat pekarangan terlihat indah biaya transportasi ke memberikan orang-orang bertanya dengan bertanam warung/super market makanan yang tentang bertanam buah sayuran/buah untuk membeli sayuran bermutu bagi dan sayur keluarga 3 Keinginan menjadikan Keinginan mengurangi Keinginan Keinginan berbagi hasil rumah terasa sejuk dan biaya untuk liburan memberikan panen dengan tetangga nyaman dengan adanya dengan merawat tanaman makanan yang segar atau tamu yang dating tanaman sayuran/buah bagi keluarga 4 Keinginan menjadikan Keinginan Keinginan Keinginan mengikuti udara diluar rumah terasa memanfaatkan waktu memperbaiki gizi tetangga yang juga lebih segar senggang menjadi lebih kelurarga bertanaman buah dan produktif sayuran 5 Keinginan membuat Keinginan Keinginan untuk Keinginan sebagai halaman rumah tidak memanfaatkan sampah dapat menyegarkan sarana edukasi, mendidik terlihat gersang organik untuk membuat pikiran ang gota keluarga dan pupuk yang digunakan masya rakat untuk cinta untuk tanaman sendiri lingkungan 6 Keinginan memanfaatkan Keinginan Keinginan melestarikan barang bekas rumah tang menciptakan budaya menanam ga untuk digunakan se keanekaragaman bagai wadah tanam (botol makananan keluarga bekas, wadah minyak goreng, kaleng susu/roti. 53 Teknik sampling dalam Penggiat kegiatan penelitian ini
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