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40 Pelatihan Teknologi Akuaponik Sebagai Solusi ISSN 2088-2637 Jurnal Pengabdian Dinamika, Edisi 6 Volume1_November 2019 PELATIHAN TEKNOLOGI AKUAPONIK SEBAGAI SOLUSI PENDUKUNG KETAHANAN PANGAN DESA BABADSARI, KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG, BANTEN Rida Oktorida Khastini1) , Aris Munandar2) 1)Jurusan Pendidikan Biologi, Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa 2)Jurusan Perikanan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa e-mail : [email protected] Abstrak Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Desa Babadsari, adalah dengan memberdayakan masyarakatnya dengan mengoptimalkan potensi daerahnya. Lahan pekarangan yang luas dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber yang dapat menunjang ketahanan pangan dalam aspek sosial, ekologi, dan ekonomi bagi rumah tangga maupun masyarakat lokal secara berkelanjutan melalui implementasi teknologi akuaponik. Tujuan program ini adalah dalam rangka meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat melalui pelatihan teknologi akuaponik sebagai solusi pendukung ketahanan pangan, serta mengembangkan kegiatan ekonomi produktif masyarakat sebagai bentuk pemberdayaan masyarakat desa. Metode pelaksanaan pelatihan teknologi akuaponik dilakukan dengan 5 tahapan, yaitu tahap persiapan, sosialisasi, pelatihan, pendampingan dan evaluasi. Hasil kegiatan pelatihan teknologi akuaponik di desa Babadsari mendapat respon yang positif dan antusiasme kelompok sasaran. Seluruh peserta merasakan banyak manfaat dari segi estetika dan ekonomi Kegiatan ini memotivasi warga lainnya yang mulai tertarik untuk ikut serta menerapkan teknologi akuaponik di pekarangan rumah mereka sendiri. Warga yang telah menerapkan program tidak lagi membeli beberapa jenis sayur dan ikan ke pasar. Kata kunci: Akuaponik, Babadsari, Ikan, Sayuran Abstract [Aquaponics Technology Training as a solution to support Food Security in Babadsari Village, Pandeglang Regency, Banten]. One way to improve the welfare of the community in Babadsari Village is by empowering the community through optimizing the potential of the area. A wide housing yard can be used as a source that can support food security in social, ecological and economic aspects for households and local communities in a sustainable manner through the implementation of aquaponic technology. The purpose of this program was to increase community knowledge through aquaponics technology training as a solution to support food security, and to develop productive economic activities of the community as a form of empowerment of rural communities. The method of conducting aquaponics technology training is carried out with 5 stages, the preparation, outreach, training, mentoring and evaluation stages. The results of the aquaponics technology training activities in the village of Babadsari received positive responses and enthusiasm from the target group. All participants felt many benefits in terms of aesthetics and economics. This activity motivated other residents who began to be interested in participating in applying aquaponics technology in their own homes. Residents who have implemented the program no longer buy certain types of vegetables and fish to the market. Keywords: Aquaponics, Babadsari village, Fish, Vegetables 40 ISSN 2088-2637 Jurnal Pengabdian Dinamika, Edisi 6 Volume1_November 2019 1. PENDAHULUAN bersama dengan 77 desa lainnya.. Sejak era pemerintahan Jokowi, desa Masyarakat desa tersebut yang selama ini merupakan salah satu target pembangunan hidup dalam ketertinggalannya. Menurut yang menjadi fokus untuk dikembangkan, Syahza (2007), pembangunan pedesaan sebagaimana tercantum dalam Nawa Cita untuk mengejar ketertinggalan harus dan dalam Sasaran Prioritas Nasional dilakukan dengan pendekatan yang sesuai dalam RPJMN menjadikan posisi desa dengan sifat dan cirinya. Pembangunan dewasa ini memiliki peran sangat strategis pedesaan harus mengikuti empat upaya terutama dalam hal peningkatan kualitas besar, satu sama lain saling berkaitan dan sumberdaya manusia. Tidak dapat merupakan strategi pokok pembangunan dipungkiri bahwa ujung tombak pedesaan, yaitu: memberdayakan ekonomi pengelolaan sumberdaya alam berada di masyarakat desa, meningkatkan kualitas wilayah desa. Indikator pembangunan desa sumberdaya manusia pedesaan agar erat kaitannnya dengan standar hidup, memiliki dasar yang memadai untuk sumber daya alam (SDA), sumber daya meningkatkan dan memperkuat manusia (SDM), sarana dan prasarana, produktivitas dan daya saing, karakteristik wilayah (seperti lokasi dan pembangunan prasarana di pedesaan dan keadaan geomorfologis), serta kebijakan membangun kelembagaan pedesaan baik pembangunan yang mengikutsertakan desa yang bersifat formal maupun nonformal. dalam pembangunan wilayah. Menurut Urgensi dilakukannya pendekatan tersebut Richardson (2001) sesuai dengan ilmu adalah salah satunya berkaitan dengan ekonomi regional teori pusat pertumbuhan masalah rawan pangan di tingkat rumah ekonomi dinyatakan sebagai salah satu tangga yang muduah ditemukan di instrumen pembangunan wilayah yang kawasan desa tertinggal. Bahkan proporsi cukup baik karena dapat menimbulkan cukup besar masih ditemukan di daerah- beraneka efek atau dampak yang positif daerah dengan ketahanan pangan tingkat terhadap pembangunan wilayah yang ada regional (provinsi) maupun tingkat disekitarnya begitu pula dengan nasional terjamin (Saliem 1997). Hal pembangunan desa. tersebut karena penduduk yang berada di Desa Babadsari merupakan salah bawah garis kemiskinan sulit memenuhi satu desa yang terletak di Kecamatan Jiput kebutuhan pangan sehari-hari. Harga Kabupaten Pandeglang. Desa ini barang konsumsi pangan yang terus dikelompokkan sebagai desa tertinggal meningkat dan tidak terjangkau 41 ISSN 2088-2637 Jurnal Pengabdian Dinamika, Edisi 6 Volume1_November 2019 mengakibatkan mereka banyak yang Peranan dan pemanfaatan mengalami rawan pangan. pekarangan bervariasi dari satu daerah Potensi yang terdapat di Desa dengan daerah lain, tergantung pada Babadsari ini diantaranya adalah masih tingkat kebutuhan, sosialbudaya, luasnya pekarangan rumah warga yang pendidikan masyarakat maupun faktor dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai lahan fisikdan ekologi setempat (Rahayu perkebunan, perikanan dan juga di dukung danPrawiroatmodjo, 2005). Pengelolaan dengan para penduduk desa tersebut yang pekarangan desa diharapkan bermanfaat umumnya berprofesi sebagai petani. menunjang ketahanan pangan dalam aspek Berdasarkan hasil kajian Badan Litbang sosial, ekologi, dan ekonomi bagi rumah Pertanian, sdikemukakan bahwa perhatian tangga maupun masyarakat lokal secara petani terhadap pemanfaatan lahan berkelanjutan. Produk pekarangan pekarangan masih terbatas, sehingga memiliki nilai tambah yaitu bisa berbagai inovasi terkait dengan lahan dikonsumsi oleh rumah tangga atau dijual, pekarangan belum mencapai sasaran. namun tetap mempertahankan manfaat Lahan pekarangan dapat dimanfaatkan sosial dan ekologinya (Kehlenbeck et al. sebagai sumber untuk tanaman obat, 2007). tanaman pangan, hortikultura, ternak, ikan Salah satu cara pemanfaatan dan lainnya berpotensi dapat memenuhi pekarangan yang dapat memberi nilai kebutuhan keluarga. Pekarangan tambah bagi masyarakat Desa Babadsari merupakan lahan pertanian skala rumah Kabupaten Pandeglang adalah melalui tangga yang biasanya ditanami beraneka pengenalan teknologi Akuaponik. ragam vegetasi serta hidup berbagai jenis Akuaponik nampaknya belum banyak hewan ternak dan/atau ikan (Arifin 1998). dikenal di masyarakat desa Babadsari, Area pekarangan berpotensi sebagai lokasi berbeda dengan hidroponik yang sebagian budidaya beraneka ragam sumber pangan orang sudah mengenalnya. Menurut seperti tanaman pertanian, hewan ternak, Nugroho et al (2012), teknologi akuaponik maupun ikan air tawar. Dalam sudut merupakan gabungan teknologi akuakultur pandang ekologi, interaksi serta integrasi dengan teknologi hidroponik pada media antar komponen biotik dan abiotik di nontanah dan untuk pemenuhan nutrisi pekarangan akan membentuk suatu disuplai melalui pupuk cair atau zat-zat ekosistem pertanian kimia sebagai nutrisinya dalam satu sistem untuk mengoptimalkan fungsi air dan 42 ISSN 2088-2637 Jurnal Pengabdian Dinamika, Edisi 6 Volume1_November 2019 ruang sebagai media pemeliharaan. Pikiran pelaksanaan program pengabdian Teknologi tersebut telah dilakukan di masyarakat di desa Babadsari Pandeglang negara-negara maju, khususnya yang dapat dilihat pada Gambar 1 memiliki keterbatasan lahan untuk mengoptimalkan produktifitas biota perairan. Prinsip dasar yang bermanfaat bagi budidaya perairan adalah sisa pakan dan kotoran ikan yang berpotensi memperburuk kualitas air, dimanfaatkan Gambar 1. Kerangka Pikiran pelaksanaan sebagai pupuk bagi tanaman air. program pengabdian masyarakat di desa Aktivitas budidaya ikan tidak Babadsari Pandeglang terlepas dari limbah yang dihasilkan, 2. BAHAN DAN METODE terutama dari sisa pakan, feses, dan hasil Bahan yang digunakan pada kegiatan aktivitas metabolisme ikan. Pada sistem pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah ikan budidaya konsentrasi limbah budidaya lele, sayuran (kangkung, bayam hijau dan seperti amonia (NH3), nitrit (NO2), dan merah, cabai), bak fiber, ember, talang air, CO2 akan meningkat sangat cepat dan aerator, pipa, pot, kapas, dan busa. bersifat toksik bagi organisme budidaya (Surawidjaja 2006). Melalui inovasi Tahapan Persiapan teknologi limbah budidaya perikanan ini Pada tahapan ini, kegiatan yang akan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memenuhi dilakukan meliputi persiapan, pengurusan nutrisi tanaman yang dibudidayakan secara perijinan pelaksanaan kegiatan hidroponik yang terintegrasi dalam sistem pengabdian,
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