Rituals of the Past in the Context of the Present
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Rituals of the past in the context of the present The role of Remembrance Day and Liberation Day in Dutch society Manja Coopmans 15217-Coopmans_BNW.indd 1 06-02-18 09:36 Manuscript committee: Prof. dr. M. J. A. M. Verkuyten (Utrecht University) Prof. dr. A. B. Dijkstra (University of Amsterdam) Prof. dr. C. R. Ribbens (Erasmus University Rotterdam / NIOD) Rituals of the past in the context of the present Prof. dr. P. L. H. Scheepers (Radboud University Nijmegen) The role of Remembrance Day and Liberation Day in Dutch society Prof. dr. H. A. G. de Valk (University of Groningen / NIDI) Rituelen uit het verleden in de context van het heden De rol van Dodenherdenking en Bevrijdingsdag in de Nederlandse samenleving (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Cover illustrations Erik Voncken Proefschrift Cover design Betekende Wereld Printing Ridderprint BV ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, ISBN 978-90-393-6937-1 prof. dr. G. J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op 16 maart 2018 des middags te 12.45 uur © 2018 Manja Coopmans door All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any Manja Coopmans information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author. The copyright of the articles that have been accepted for publication or that already have been geboren op 22 juni 1989 published, has been transferred to the respective journals. te Nijmegen 15217-Coopmans_BNW.indd 2 06-02-18 09:36 Manuscript committee: Prof. dr. M. J. A. M. Verkuyten (Utrecht University) Prof. dr. A. B. Dijkstra (University of Amsterdam) Prof. dr. C. R. Ribbens (Erasmus University Rotterdam / NIOD) Rituals of the past in the context of the present Prof. dr. P. L. H. Scheepers (Radboud University Nijmegen) The role of Remembrance Day and Liberation Day in Dutch society Prof. dr. H. A. G. de Valk (University of Groningen / NIDI) Rituelen uit het verleden in de context van het heden De rol van Dodenherdenking en Bevrijdingsdag in de Nederlandse samenleving (met een samenvatting in het Nederlands) Cover illustrations Erik Voncken Proefschrift Cover design Betekende Wereld Printing Ridderprint BV ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, ISBN 978-90-393-6937-1 prof. dr. G. J. van der Zwaan, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op 16 maart 2018 des middags te 12.45 uur © 2018 Manja Coopmans door All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any Manja Coopmans information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the author. The copyright of the articles that have been accepted for publication or that already have been geboren op 22 juni 1989 published, has been transferred to the respective journals. te Nijmegen 15217-Coopmans_BNW.indd 3 06-02-18 09:36 Promotoren: Prof. dr. ir. A. G. van der Lippe Prof. dr. M. Lubbers Copromotor: Dr. E. Jaspers This thesis was (partly) accomplished with financial support from the National Committee 4 and 5 May as part of the research project 'Freedom and lack of freedom across generations'. This book has been printed with financial support from the J. E. Jurriaanse Stichting. 15217-Coopmans_BNW.indd 4 06-02-18 09:36 Promotoren: Prof. dr. ir. A. G. van der Lippe Prof. dr. M. Lubbers Copromotor: Dr. E. Jaspers This thesis was (partly) accomplished with financial support from the National Committee 4 and 5 May as part of the research project 'Freedom and lack of freedom across generations'. This book has been printed with financial support from the J. E. Jurriaanse Stichting. 15217-Coopmans_BNW.indd 5 06-02-18 09:36 Contents Chapter 1. Studying national commemorations in contemporary society 1 1.1. The relevance of studying national commemorations .................................................... 2 1.2. Dutch Remembrance Day and Liberation Day ............................................................... 5 1.3. Theoretical background and previous research ............................................................... 6 1.4. Contributions of this dissertation .................................................................................... 10 1.5. Research questions and main findings ............................................................................ 11 1.6. Data sources ........................................................................................................................ 14 1.7. Overall conclusions ............................................................................................................ 16 1.8. Practical implications ......................................................................................................... 19 1.9. Directions for future research .......................................................................................... 23 Chapter 2. What is ‘needed’ to keep remembering? War-specific communication, parental exemplar behaviour and participation in national commemorations 27 2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 28 2.2. The Dutch context: Remembrance Day and Liberation Day ...................................... 29 2.3. Theory .................................................................................................................................. 30 2.4. Methods ............................................................................................................................... 33 2.5. Results .................................................................................................................................. 37 2.6. Conclusion and discussion ................................................................................................ 44 Chapter 3. Participation in national commemorations amongst citizens with a migration background: the role of previous familiarity with commemorating 49 3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 50 3.2. Remembrance Day and Liberation Day in the Netherlands ....................................... 51 3.3. Theory .................................................................................................................................. 52 3.4. Methods ............................................................................................................................... 55 3.5. Results .................................................................................................................................. 59 3.6. Conclusion and discussion ................................................................................................ 65 Chapter 4. To whom do national commemorations matter? A comparison of national belonging across generations and ethnic groups 69 4.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 70 4.2. National commemorations and celebrations in the Netherlands ............................... 71 4.3. Theory .................................................................................................................................. 72 15217-Coopmans_BNW.indd 6 06-02-18 09:36 Contents Chapter 1. Studying national commemorations in contemporary society 1 1.1. The relevance of studying national commemorations .................................................... 2 1.2. Dutch Remembrance Day and Liberation Day ............................................................... 5 1.3. Theoretical background and previous research ............................................................... 6 1.4. Contributions of this dissertation .................................................................................... 10 1.5. Research questions and main findings ............................................................................ 11 1.6. Data sources ........................................................................................................................ 14 1.7. Overall conclusions ............................................................................................................ 16 1.8. Practical implications ......................................................................................................... 19 1.9. Directions for future research .......................................................................................... 23 Chapter 2. What is ‘needed’ to keep remembering? War-specific communication, parental exemplar behaviour and participation in national commemorations 27 2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 28 2.2. The Dutch context: Remembrance Day and Liberation Day ...................................... 29 2.3. Theory .................................................................................................................................. 30 2.4. Methods ..............................................................................................................................