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Dissertation Finta Andrássy Gyula Deutschsprachige Universität Interdisziplinäre Doktorschule Leiterin: Prof. Dr. Ellen Bos Brigitta Finta Mitteleuropäische erinnerte, erzählte und imaginäre Topographien. Geschichts- und Identitätskonstruktionen des Grenzgängers Gregor von Rezzori Betreuer: Prof. Dr. Dieter A. Binder Disputationskommission: 1. Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. András Masát (Andrássy Universität Budapest) 2. Gutachterin: Dr. Amál ia Kerekes ( Eötvös Lóránd Universität Budapest) 3. Gutachter: Dr. h abil. Endre Hárs (Universität Szeged) 4. Mitglied: Dr. Bianca Bican (Babeş -Bolyai-Unive rsität Cluj -Napoca) 5. Mitglied: Dr. Richard Lein (Andrássy Universitä t Budapest) 6. Ersatzmitglied: Prof. Dr. István M. Fehér (Andrássy Universität Budapest ) Eingereicht: November 2013 Danksagung Das Zustandekommen der Dissertation ermöglichte die Interdisziplinäre Doktorschule der Andrássy Gyula Universität und das zweijährige Stipendium der Bosch -Stiftung. Das Institut mit seinen Professoren und Mitarbeitern schuf eine inspirierende geistige Atm osphäre für die Forschung. Besonders dankbar bin ich hierbei Prof. Dr. Dieter A. Binder für die Über nahme der Betreuerrolle und für seine konstruktiven Vorschläge . Lehrrei ch waren die Gespräche mit Dr. Marcell Mártonffy während seiner literaturwissensc haftlichen Seminare. Ihm danke ich außerdem für die kritische Lektüre meines Textes und für die feine n, genauen Anmerkungen. Auch bei meiner ehemaligen Professorin, Dr. Bianca Bican möchte ich mich diesmal bedanken, dass sie meine Aufmerksamkeit auf das Werk Gregor von Rezzoris lenkte. Sowohl ihre konstruktiven Anregungen als auch ihre menschliche Unterstützung erwiesen sich immer als fruchtbar und ermunternd. Entscheidend für meine Studie war der Forschungsaufenthalt im Deutschen Literaturarchiv in Marbach, wo ich nicht nur Zugang zu spannenden Texten und Artikeln erhielt, sondern wesentlichen wissenschaftlichen Anstoß erfuhr. Nur zwei Namen möchte ich hier erwähnen: Prof. Dr. Liliane Weissberg und Dr. Marcel Lepper. Dank des Ernst Mach-Stipendiums des Österre ichischen Akademischen Austauschdienstes hatte ich die Möglichkeit, in den Bibliotheken in Wien recherchieren und die methodische Grundlage der Dissertation konzipieren zu können. Ohne die Förderung von Dr. Helga Mitterbauer und Prof. Dr. Balogh András wä ren meine Publikationsliste und mein wissenschaftliches Kontaktnetzwerk schlichter. Die von Prof. Dr. Andrei Corbea-Hoiş ie und Dr. Cristina Spinei organisierte Rezzori-Tagung erwies sich in Bezug auf meine Untersuchung als besonders inspirierend. Motivierend war auch die freundschaftliche Unterstützung und Hilfsbereitschaft von Dr. Marie Lehmann. Bei der Zusammenstellung der Rigorosum- und Disputationskommissionen sind die Bereitschaft und Flexibilität folgende r Professoren hervorzuheben: Prof. Dr. Georg Kastner, Prof. Dr. Péter Varga , Dr. Marcell Mártonffy , Prof. Dr. András Masát, Dr. Amália Kerekes, Prof. Dr. Endre Hárs, Dr. Bianca Bican, Dr. Richard Lein , Prof. Dr. István M. Fehér . Durch die letzte, bürokratische Phase haben di e Ratschläge und der Beistand von Mónika Dózsai durchgeholfen. Mein besonde rer Dank gilt schließlich meiner Familie und meinem Mann für ihr e langjährige Unterstützung . 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Einführung und Fragestellungen ........................................................................................ 5 2. Forschungsstand ................................................................................................................. 9 3. Textauswahl und methodische Vorüberlegungen ............................................................. 12 4. Theoretische und methodische Grundlagen ..................................................................... 18 4.1. Gedächtnis und Literatur ............................................................................................... 18 4.1.1. Identität und Erinnern ............................................................................................ 23 4.1.1.1. Narrative Identität ....................................................................................................... 25 4.1.2. Zeit und Erinnern .................................................................................................... 28 4.1.3. Literarische Inszenierung der Erinnerungen ........................................................... 34 4.1.3.1. Erinnerungshaftigkeit der Zeitdarstellung .................................................................. 36 4.1.3.2. Erzählerische Vermittlung, Erzählinstanz und Perspektivierung ................................ 38 4.2. Raum und Literatur ....................................................................................................... 40 4.2.1. Die sprachliche Raumordnungen von Cassirer ...................................................... 43 4.2.2. Die räumliche Metasprache als kultureller Text bei Lotman ................................. 45 4.2.3. Die Chronotopos-Theorie von Bachtin ................................................................... 49 4.2.4. Dynamisches Raumparadigma in der Literatur ...................................................... 51 4.2.5. Mental maps. Raum und Macht .............................................................................. 53 4.1. Stadt und Literatur ......................................................................................................... 59 4.3.1. Stadt und Text ......................................................................................................... 61 4.3.2. Stadt und Moderne.................................................................................................. 64 5. Identitäts - und Geschichtskonstruktionen in Rezzoris Werken ........................................ 66 5.1. Autofiktionaler Erzählkosmos ....................................................................................... 66 5.1.1. Theorie und Praxis einer Autofiktion: „Hypothetische Autobiographie“ .............. 66 5.1.2. Memoiren eines Antisemiten (1979) ....................................................................... 71 5.1.2.1. Eine multikulturelle Kleinstadt ................................................................................... 73 5.1.2.2. Balkanische Randstadt - die Mahalas Bukarests ......................................................... 75 5.1.2.3. Erinnerungsraum und Intimität ................................................................................... 79 5.1.2.4. Der Zeitgeist in Wien vor der Wende .......................................................................... 81 5.1.2.5. Der Zeitwandel............................................................................................................ 86 5.1.2.6. Metanarrative Reflexionen .......................................................................................... 89 5.2.1. Poetik des Erinnerns: die „Epochenverschleppung“ .............................................. 94 5.1.4. Blumen im Schnee (1989) ....................................................................................... 97 3 5.2.2.1. Multiple Grenzerfahrungen und Heimatmatrix ........................................................... 98 5.1.4.2. Identi tät im Schnittpunkt von familiären Portraitstudien .......................................... 105 5.1.4.3. Medium zur multiethnischen Kultur: die rumänisch -ruthenisch-huzulische Amme 106 5.1.4.4. Familienmitglieder als „Zeitdokumente“ .................................................................. 110 5.1.4.5. „Im Mythischen durchhalten“ ................................................................................... 113 5.1.5. Städte als S chauplatz der Selbstinszenierung ....................................................... 115 5.1.6. Greisengemurmel (1994) ...................................................................................... 118 5.1.6.1. Das Konzept der Gleichzeitigkeit ............................................................................. 119 5.1.6.2. Machtartikulationen in den Stadtbildern ................................................................... 124 5.1.6.3. „Mythos“, „Fiktion“ und „Image“ ............................................................................ 127 5.1.7. Mir auf der Spur (1997) ........................................................................................ 130 5.2.7.1. Kontexte der „Tschusche“ -Zuschreibungen .............................................................. 134 5.1.7.2. Medien u nd Zugänge zur Wirklichkeit ..................................................................... 138 5.1.7.3. Wien: “die proteushafte Stadt” .................................................................................. 141 5.1.7.4. Berlin: die Stadt der “Enttäuschung und Ernüchterung” .......................................... 152 5.1.7.5. Bukarest: die “Verschmelzung von Ost und West” ................................................... 155 5.1.7.6. Italien: die zweite Heimat ......................................................................................... 159 5.2. Fiktiver Erzählkosmos ................................................................................................. 165 5.2.1. Maghrebinien: imaginärer Ort von Fremd - und Selbstzuschreibungen ............... 165 5.2.1.1. Ambivalenz der Balkanbilder ................................................................................... 165 5.2.1.2. Rezeption der Maghrebinischen Geschichten (1953) ............................................... 167 5.2.1.3. Wegweiser zum Land
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