DOCSLIB.ORG

Findings and Recommendations of the Task Force to Prevent Deaths from Unintentional Drug Overdoses in North Carolina, 2003

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Executive Summary Findings and Recommendations of the Task Force to Prevent Deaths from Unintentional Drug Overdoses in North Carolina, 2003 Submitted to Carmen Hooker Odom, Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services Roy Cooper, Attorney General, Department of Justice April 2004 N.C. Department of Health and Human Services Division of Public Health Injury and Violence Prevention Branch TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................. i Executive Summary............................................................................................................................ ii Background............................................................................................................ ii The Response........................................................................................................ ii Death Certificate Findings.................................................................................... iii Investigation of Medical Examiner Records......................................................... iii Deaths from Illegal (Illicit) and Legal (Licit) Drugs............................................ iv Deaths from Methadone........................................................................................ v Recommendations from the Task Force to Prevent Deaths from Unintentional Drug Overdoses in North Carolina........................................ vi List of Acronyms................................................................................................................................ xiii List of Figures, Tables and Maps...................................................................................................... xiv Chapter 1. The Task Force to Prevent Deaths from Unintentional Drug Overdoses................ 1 1.1 Appointment of the Task Force............................................................................. 1 1.2 Charges to the Task Force..................................................................................... 1 1.3 Task Force Members............................................................................................. 2 1.4 Developing the Recommendations........................................................................ 3 1.5 Voting.................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2. Findings........................................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Poisoning Deaths in the United States and North Carolina.................................. 5 2.2 Drugs Associated with Unintentional Poisoning Deaths in North Carolina......... 8 2.3 An Investigation of Deaths from Accidental Drug Overdoses............................. 10 2.3.1 Age............................................................................................... 11 2.3.2 Race............................................................................................. 12 2.3.3 Sex............................................................................................... 12 2.3.4 Health Status Prior to Death...................................................... 12 2.3.5 Geographic Location.................................................................. 13 2.3.6 Cause of Death............................................................................15 2.3.6.1 Single-Drug Deaths.....................................................................17 2.3.6.2 Multiple-Drug Deaths................................................................. 19 2.3.7 Treatment Provided to Victims of Deaths from Unintentional Drug Overdoses...........................................................................20 2.3.8 Source of Licit and Illicit Drugs................................................. 21 2.4 Unintentional Deaths from Overdoses of Methadone........................................... 21 TABLE OF CONTENTS N.C. Drug Overdose Task Force Report, April 2004 2.5 Retailing and Distribution of Controlled Substances in North Carolina.............. 24 2.5.1 Oxycodone...................................................................................25 2.5.2 Methadone...................................................................................26 2.6 Summary................................................................................................................ 28 Chapter 3. Recommendations from the Task Force to Prevent Deaths from Unintentional Drug Overdoses in North Carolina................................................................... 30 3.1 Introduction........................................................................................................... 30 3.2 Recommendations................................................................................................. 31 References........................................................................................................................................... 38 Appendices.......................................................................................................................................... 40 I. Voting Status for Recommendations by the Task Force to Prevent Deaths from Unintentional Drug Overdoses. II. DEA lists of controlled substances schedule 1: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/listby_sched/sched1.htm schedule 2: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/listby_sched/sched2.htm schedule 3: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/listby_sched/sched3.htm schedule 4: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/listby_sched/sched4.htm schedule 5: http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/schedules/listby_sched/sched5.htm III. Unintentional and Undetermined Poisoning Deaths -- 11 States, 1990-2001. MMWR. March 26, 2004/Vol. 53/No. 11, TABLE: Number and percentage of selected substances identified from International Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) T-codes involved in unintentional or undetermined poisoning deaths, by state - eight states, 1999-2000. IV. Frequency and mortality rates of deaths in N.C., 1997-2001, from unintentional single-drug overdoses. V. Ranking of Single Drugs Causing Deaths from Unintentional Overdoses by N.C. Counties in upper Quartile of All Accidental Drug Related Deaths, 1997-2001. Types of Single-Drugs Identified by Medical Examiner as Responsible for Fatal Drug Overdose: North Carolina, 1997-2001 (Injury Conference Abstract – April 2003). VI. Retailed controlled substances per Registrant, N.C. 2001. ARCOS, Report #1. TABLE OF CONTENTS N.C. Drug Overdose Task Force Report, April 2004 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The findings and recommendations in this report would not have been possible without the time and expertise that were generously contributed by the 25 members of the Task Force to Prevent Deaths from Unintentional Drug Overdoses and by the Epidemic Intelligence Services and Public Health Prevention Service officers who were assigned to North Carolina for a three- week period in the summer of 2002 by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to investigate an epidemic of fatal unintentional drug-related overdoses. Staff and technical support for the Task Force were provided by Catherine Sanford in the N.C.-DHHS Division of Public Health Injury and Violence Prevention Branch (IVPB). The report reflects the tireless editing of Brenda Motsinger, Head of the IVPB, and the production talent of Cathy Daniels, also from the IVPB. Any errors, however, are the sole responsibility of Ms. Sanford. This report was supported in part by Cooperative Agreement Number U17/CCU419384, Core Capacity Injury Surveillance & Program Development, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent official views of the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i N.C. Drug Overdose Task Force Report, April 2004 Executive Summary Findings and Recommendations of the Task Force to Prevent Deaths from Unintentional Drug Overdoses in North Carolina, 2003. BACKGROUND. North Carolina is Treatment Program (OTP) clinics is a experiencing an epidemic of poisoning* negligible source of the methadone that has deaths from unintentional drug overdoses. contributed to the dramatic increase in Since 1997, the number of deaths in North unintentional methadone-related deaths in Carolina from unintentional drug overdoses North Carolina. has increased over 100%, and continues to increase annually. Without intervention, THE RESPONSE. In September 2002, the there is no reason to believe this trend will Injury and Violence Prevention Branch in spontaneously reverse. the Division of Public Health of the N.C. Department of Health and Human Services Based on a review of a decade of death (NC-DHHS) released preliminary findings certificates for unintentional drug overdoses documenting the escalating number of (1992-2001) and five years of medical unintentional deaths from drug overdoses in examiner cases (1997-2001), the illicit drugs North Carolina. In November 2002, NC- (i.e., illegal drugs defined by the Drug DHHS Secretary Carmen Hooker Odom Enforcement Agency as drugs with no created the Task Force to Prevent Deaths accepted medicinal value) most responsible from Unintentional Drug Overdoses for these deaths were cocaine and heroin. (henceforth called “the Task
Recommended publications
  • Minnesota Statutes 1979 Supplement

    Minnesota Statutes 1979 Supplement

    MINNESOTA STATUTES 1979 SUPPLEMENT 152.01 PROHIBITED DRUGS CHAPTER 152. PROHIBITED DRUGS Sec. 152.01 Definitions. 152.02 Schedules of controlled substances; admin­ istration of chapter. 152.01 Definitions. [For text of subds 1 to 8, see M.S.1978] Subd. 9. Marijuana. "Marijuana" means all parts of the plant of any species of the genus Cannabis, including all agronomical varieties, whether growing or not; the seeds thereof; the resin extracted from any part of such plant; and every compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mixture, or preparation of such plant, its seeds or resin, but shall not include the mature stalks of such plant, fiber from such stalks, oil or cake made from the seeds of such plant, any other compound, manufacture, salt, derivative, mix­ ture, or preparation of such mature stalks, except the resin extracted therefrom, fiber, oil, or cake, or the sterilized seed of such plant which is incapable of germination. [For text of subds 10 to 17, see M.S.1978] [ 1979 c 157 s 1 ] 152.02 Schedules of controlled substances; administration of chapter. [For text of subd 1, see M.S.1978) Subd. 2. The following items are listed in Schedule I: (1) Any of the following substances, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, unless specifically excepted, whenever the exis­ tence of such isomers, esters, ethers and salts is possible within the specific chemical des­ ignation: Acetylmethadol; Allylprodine; Alphacetylmethadol; Alphameprodine; Alpham- ethadol; Benzethidine; Betacetylmethadol; Betameprodine; Betamethadol; Betaprodine; Clonitazene; Dextromoramide; Dextrorphan; Diampromide; Diethyliambutene; Dime- noxadol; Dimepheptanol; Dimethyliambutene; Dioxaphetyl butyrate; Dipipanone; Ethylmethylthiambutene; Etonitazene; Etoxeridine; Furethidine; Hydroxypethidine; Ke- tobemidone; Levomoramide; Levophenacylmorphan; Morpheridine; Noracymethadol; Norlevorphanol; Normethadone; Norpipanone; Phenadoxone; Phenampromide; Pheno- morphan; Phenoperidine; Piritramide; Proheptazine; Properidine; Racemoramide; Tri­ meperidine.
  • Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 36/Monday, February 24, 2020

    Federal Register/Vol. 85, No. 36/Monday, February 24, 2020

    10466 Federal Register / Vol. 85, No. 36 / Monday, February 24, 2020 / Notices Controlled substance Drug code Schedule Alphamethadol ................................................................................................................................................................. 9605 I Benzethidine .................................................................................................................................................................... 9606 I Betacetylmethadol ........................................................................................................................................................... 9607 I Clonitazene ...................................................................................................................................................................... 9612 I Diampromide ................................................................................................................................................................... 9615 I Diethylthiambutene .......................................................................................................................................................... 9616 I Dimethylthiambutene ....................................................................................................................................................... 9619 I Ketobemidone .................................................................................................................................................................
  • House Bill No. 1176

    House Bill No. 1176

    FIRST REGULAR SESSION HOUSE BILL NO. 1176 101ST GENERAL ASSEMBLY INTRODUCED BY REPRESENTATIVE DAVIS. 2248H.01I DANA RADEMAN MILLER, Chief Clerk AN ACT To repeal sections 191.480 and 579.015, RSMo, and to enact in lieu thereof two new sections relating to investigational drugs. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the state of Missouri, as follows: Section A. Sections 191.480 and 579.015, RSMo, are repealed and two new sections 2 enacted in lieu thereof, to be known as sections 191.480 and 579.015, to read as follows: 191.480. 1. For purposes of this section, the following terms shall mean: 2 (1) "Eligible patient", a person who meets all of the following: 3 (a) Has a debilitating, life-threatening, or terminal illness; 4 (b) Has considered all other treatment options currently approved by the United States 5 Food and Drug Administration and all relevant clinical trials conducted in this state; 6 (c) Has received a prescription or recommendation from the person's physician for an 7 investigational drug, biological product, or device; 8 (d) Has given written informed consent which shall be at least as comprehensive as the 9 consent used in clinical trials for the use of the investigational drug, biological product, or device 10 or, if the patient is a minor or lacks the mental capacity to provide informed consent, a parent or 11 legal guardian has given written informed consent on the patient's behalf; and 12 (e) Has documentation from the person's physician that the person has met the 13 requirements of this subdivision; 14 (2) "Investigational drug, biological product, or device", a drug, biological product, or 15 device, any of which are used to treat the patient's debilitating, life-threatening, or terminal 16 illness, that has successfully completed phase one of a clinical trial but has not been approved EXPLANATION — Matter enclosed in bold-faced brackets [thus] in the above bill is not enacted and is intended to be omitted from the law.
  • SENATE BILL No. 259 No

    SENATE BILL No. 259 No

    SENATE BILL No. 259 SENATE BILL No. 259 March 10, 2011, Introduced by Senators JONES, CASPERSON and SCHUITMAKER and referred to the Committee on Judiciary. A bill to amend 1978 PA 368, entitled "Public health code," by amending section 7212 (MCL 333.7212), as amended by 2010 PA 171. THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN ENACT: 1 Sec. 7212. (1) The following controlled substances are 2 included in schedule 1: 3 (a) Any of the following opiates, including their isomers, 4 esters, the ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and 5 ethers, unless specifically excepted, when the existence of these 6 isomers, esters, ethers, and salts is possible within the 7 specific chemical designation: SENATE BILL No. 259 00981'11 TLG 2 1 Acetylmethadol Difenoxin Noracymethadol 2 Allylprodine Dimenoxadol Norlevorphanol 3 Alpha-acetylmethadol Dimepheptanol Normethadone 4 Alphameprodine Dimethylthiambutene Norpipanone 5 Alphamethadol Dioxaphetyl butyrate Phenadoxone 6 Benzethidine Dipipanone Phenampromide 7 Betacetylmethadol Ethylmethylthiambutene Phenomorphan 8 Betameprodine Etonitazene Phenoperidine 9 Betamethadol Etoxeridine Piritramide 10 Betaprodine Furethidine Proheptazine 11 Clonitazene Hydroxypethidine Properidine 12 Dextromoramide Ketobemidone Propiram 13 Diampromide Levomoramide Racemoramide 14 Diethylthiambutene Levophenacylmorphan Trimeperidine 15 Morpheridine 16 (b) Any of the following opium derivatives, their salts, 17 isomers, and salts of isomers, unless specifically excepted, when 18 the existence of these salts, isomers, and salts of
  • 2020 Kansas Statutes

    2020 Kansas Statutes

    2020 Kansas Statutes 65-4105. Substances included in schedule I. (a) The controlled substances listed in this section are included in schedule I and the number set forth opposite each drug or substance is the DEA controlled substances code that has been assigned to it. (b) Any of the following opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters and ethers, unless specifically excepted, whenever the existence of these isomers, esters, ethers and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation: (1) Acetyl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N- phenylacetamide) 9821 (2) Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(1-methyl-2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N- phenylacetamide) 9815 (3) Acetylmethadol 9601 (4) Acryl fentanyl (N-(1-phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacrylamide; acryloylfentanyl) 9811 (5) AH-7921 (3,4-dichloro-N-[(1-dimethylamino)cyclohexylmethyl]benzamide) 9551 (6) Allylprodine 9602 (7) Alphacetylmethadol 9603(except levo-alphacetylmethadol also known as levo- alpha-acetylmethadol, levomethadyl acetate or LAAM) (8) Alphameprodine 9604 (9) Alphamethadol 9605 (10) Alpha-methylfentanyl (N-[1-(alpha-methyl-beta-phenyl)ethyl-4-piperidyl] propionanilide; 1-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)-4-(N-propanilido) piperidine) 9814 (11) Alpha-methylthiofentanyl (N-[1-methyl-2-(2-thienyl)ethyl-4-piperidinyl]-N- phenylpropanamide) 9832 (12) Benzethidine 9606 (13) Betacetylmethadol 9607 (14) Beta-hydroxyfentanyl (N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-N- phenylpropanamide) 9830 (15) Beta-hydroxy-3-methylfentanyl (other
  • Cerebellar Toxicity of Phencyclidine

    Cerebellar Toxicity of Phencyclidine

    The Journal of Neuroscience, March 1995, 75(3): 2097-2108 Cerebellar Toxicity of Phencyclidine Riitta N&kki, Jari Koistinaho, Frank Ft. Sharp, and Stephen M. Sagar Department of Neurology, University of California, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121 Phencyclidine (PCP), clizocilpine maleate (MK801), and oth- Phencyclidine (PCP), dizocilpine maleate (MK801), and other er NMDA antagonists are toxic to neurons in the posterior NMDA receptor antagonistshave attracted increasing attention cingulate and retrosplenial cortex. To determine if addition- becauseof their therapeutic potential. These drugs have neuro- al neurons are damaged, the distribution of microglial ac- protective properties in animal studies of focal brain ischemia, tivation and 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) induction where excitotoxicity is proposedto be an important mechanism was studied following the administration of PCP and of neuronal cell death (Dalkara et al., 1990; Martinez-Arizala et MK801 to rats. PCP (10-50 mg/kg) induced microglial ac- al., 1990). Moreover, NMDA antagonists decrease neuronal tivation and neuronal HSP70 mRNA and protein expression damage and dysfunction in other pathological conditions, in- in the posterior cingulate and retrosplenial cortex. In ad- cluding hypoglycemia (Nellgard and Wieloch, 1992) and pro- dition, coronal sections of the cerebellar vermis of PCP (50 longed seizures(Church and Lodge, 1990; Faingold et al., 1993). mg/kg) treated rats contained vertical stripes of activated However, NMDA antagonists are toxic to certain neuronal microglial in the molecular layer. In the sagittal plane, the populations in the brain. Olney et al. (1989) demonstratedthat microglial activation occurred in irregularly shaped patch- the noncompetitive NMDA antagonists,PCP, MK801, and ke- es, suggesting damage to Purkinje cells.
  • Chapter 1—— IBOGAINE: a REVIEW

    Chapter 1—— IBOGAINE: a REVIEW

    ——Chapter 1—— IBOGAINE: A REVIEW Kenneth R. Alper Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology New York University School of Medicine New York, NY 10016 I. Introduction, Chemical Properties, and Historical Time Line .................................... A. Introduction............................................................................................................ B. Chemical Structure and Properties ........................................................................ C. Historical Time Line.............................................................................................. II. Mechanisms of Action ................................................................................................. A. Neurotransmitter Activities.................................................................................... B. Discrimination Studies........................................................................................... C. Effects on Neuropeptides....................................................................................... D. Possible Effects on Neuroadaptations Related to Drug Sensitization or Tolerance ........................................................................................................... III. Evidence of Efficacy in Animal Models....................................................................... A. Drug Self-Administration ...................................................................................... B. Acute Opioid Withdrawal.....................................................................................
  • CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE, DRUG, DEVICE and COSMETIC ACT - SCHEDULE I CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Act of Jun

    CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE, DRUG, DEVICE and COSMETIC ACT - SCHEDULE I CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Act of Jun

    CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE, DRUG, DEVICE AND COSMETIC ACT - SCHEDULE I CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES Act of Jun. 23, 2011, P.L. 36, No. 7 Cl. 35 Session of 2011 No. 2011-7 SB 1006 AN ACT Amending the act of April 14, 1972 (P.L.233, No.64), entitled "An act relating to the manufacture, sale and possession of controlled substances, other drugs, devices and cosmetics; conferring powers on the courts and the secretary and Department of Health, and a newly created Pennsylvania Drug, Device and Cosmetic Board; establishing schedules of controlled substances; providing penalties; requiring registration of persons engaged in the drug trade and for the revocation or suspension of certain licenses and registrations; and repealing an act," further providing for Schedule I controlled substances. The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania hereby enacts as follows: Section 1. Section 4(1) of the act of April 14, 1972 (P.L.233, No.64), known as The Controlled Substance, Drug, Device and Cosmetic Act, amended November 24, 1999 (P.L.894, No.55), is amended to read: Section 4. Schedules of Controlled Substances.--The following schedules include the controlled substances listed or to be listed by whatever official name, common or usual name, chemical name, or trade name designated. (1) Schedule I--In determining that a substance comes within this schedule, the secretary shall find: a high potential for abuse, no currently accepted medical use in the United States, and a lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision. The following controlled substances are included in this schedule: (i) Any of the following opiates, including their isomers, esters, ethers, salts, and salts of isomers, esters, and ethers, unless specifically excepted, whenever the existence of such isomers, esters, ethers and salts is possible within the specific chemical designation: 1.
  • DEMAND REDUCTION a Glossary of Terms

    DEMAND REDUCTION a Glossary of Terms

    UNITED NATIONS PUBLICATION Sales No. E.00.XI.9 ISBN: 92-1-148129-5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This document was prepared by the: United Nations International Drug Control Programme (UNDCP), Vienna, Austria, in consultation with the Commonwealth of Health and Aged Care, Australia, and the informal international reference group. ii Contents Page Foreword . xi Demand reduction: A glossary of terms . 1 Abstinence . 1 Abuse . 1 Abuse liability . 2 Action research . 2 Addiction, addict . 2 Administration (method of) . 3 Adverse drug reaction . 4 Advice services . 4 Advocacy . 4 Agonist . 4 AIDS . 5 Al-Anon . 5 Alcohol . 5 Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) . 6 Alternatives to drug use . 6 Amfetamine . 6 Amotivational syndrome . 6 Amphetamine . 6 Amyl nitrate . 8 Analgesic . 8 iii Page Antagonist . 8 Anti-anxiety drug . 8 Antidepressant . 8 Backloading . 9 Bad trip . 9 Barbiturate . 9 Benzodiazepine . 10 Blood-borne virus . 10 Brief intervention . 11 Buprenorphine . 11 Caffeine . 12 Cannabis . 12 Chasing . 13 Cocaine . 13 Coca leaves . 14 Coca paste . 14 Cold turkey . 14 Community empowerment . 15 Co-morbidity . 15 Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Outline of Future Activities in Drug Abuse Control (CMO) . 15 Controlled substance . 15 Counselling and psychotherapy . 16 Court diversion . 16 Crash . 16 Cross-dependence . 17 Cross-tolerance . 17 Custody diversion . 17 Dance drug . 18 Decriminalization or depenalization . 18 Demand . 18 iv Page Demand reduction . 19 Dependence, dependence syndrome . 19 Dependence liability . 20 Depressant . 20 Designer drug . 20 Detoxification . 20 Diacetylmorphine/Diamorphine . 21 Diuretic . 21 Drug . 21 Drug abuse . 22 Drug abuse-related harm . 22 Drug abuse-related problem . 22 Drug policy . 23 Drug seeking . 23 Drug substitution . 23 Drug testing . 24 Drug use .
  • Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 89 / Thursday, May 8, 1997 / Notices

    Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 89 / Thursday, May 8, 1997 / Notices

    Federal Register / Vol. 62, No. 89 / Thursday, May 8, 1997 / Notices 25211 factors in Title 21, United States Code, Sched- Sched- Section 823(a) and determined that the Drug ule Drug ule registration of Pharmacia & Upjohn Company to manufacture 2,5- Betamethadol (9609) ....................... I Morphine (9300) .............................. II Dimethoxyamphetamine is consistent Norlevorphanol (9634) .................... I Para-Fluorofentanyl (9812) ............. I The firm plans to manufacture small with the public interest at this time. Alpha-methylfentanyl (9814) ........... I Therefore, pursuant to 21 U.S.C. § 823 Acetyl-alpha-methylfentanyl (9815) I quantities of the listed controlled and 28 CFR 0.100 and 0.104, the Acting Beta-hydroxyfentanyl (9830) ........... I substances for incorporation in drug of Deputy Assistant Administrator, Office Beta-hydroxy-3-methylfentanyl I abuse detection kits. of Diversion Control, hereby orders that (9831). Any other such applicant and any the application submitted by the above Alpha-Methylthiofentanyl (9832) ..... I person who is presently registered with firm for registration as a bulk 3-Methylthiofentanyl (9833) ............. I DEA to manufacture such substances Thiofentanyl (9835) ......................... I manufacturer of the basic class of Phenmetrazine (1631) ..................... II may file comments or objections to the controlled substance listed above is Glutethimide (2550) ......................... II issuance of the above application. granted. Cocaine (9041) ................................ II Any such comments or objections Dated: March 31, 1997. Codeine (9050) ............................... II may be addressed, in quintuplicate, to Terrance W. Woodworth, Levomethorphan (9210) .................. II the Acting Deputy Assistant Levorphanol (9220) ......................... II Acting Deputy Assistant Administrator, Office Administrator, Office of Diversion of Diversion Control, Drug Enforcement Control, Drug Enforcement Administration. No comments or objections have been received.
  • 21 CFR Ch. II (4–1–10 Edition) § 1308.12

    21 CFR Ch. II (4–1–10 Edition) § 1308.12

    § 1308.12 21 CFR Ch. II (4–1–10 Edition) Some trade and other names: N,N- whenever the existence of such salts, Diethyltryptamine; DET isomers, and salts of isomers is possible (18) Dimethyltryptamine ................................................. 7435 Some trade or other names: DMT within the specific chemical designa- (19) 5-methoxy-N,N-diisopropyltryptamine (other tion: name: 5-MeO-DIPT) ................................................... 7439 (1) gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (some other names in- (20) Ibogaine .................................................................. 7260 clude GHB; gamma-hydroxybutyrate; 4- Some trade and other names: 7-Ethyl- hydroxybutyrate; 4-hydroxybutanoic acid; sodium 6,6b,7,8,9,10,12,13-octahydro-2-methoxy-6,9- oxybate; sodium oxybutyrate) .................................... 2010 methano-5H-pyrido [1′, 2′:1,2] azepino [5,4-b] (2) Mecloqualone ........................................................... 2572 indole; Tabernanthe iboga (3) Methaqualone ........................................................... 2565 (21) Lysergic acid diethylamide ..................................... 7315 (22) Marihuana .............................................................. 7360 (f) Stimulants. Unless specifically ex- (23) Mescaline ............................................................... 7381 cepted or unless listed in another (24) Parahexyl—7374; some trade or other names: 3- schedule, any material, compound, Hexyl-1-hydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6,6,9-trimethyl- 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran; Synhexyl. mixture,
  • Hallucinogens & Dissociative Drugs

    Hallucinogens & Dissociative Drugs

    ® DRUG FACT SHEET Hallucinogens & Dissociative Drugs Some effects of PCP including depression and memory loss may last six months to a year following prolonged daily use. Class of drug: Hallucinogens (most common form is LSD) Dissociative drugs (most commonly form is PCP) Main active ingredient: Hallucinogens: Lysergic acid diethylamide, mescaline, psilocybin, ibogaine Dissociative: Phencyclidine What it looks like: LSD: Clear, odorless liquid, brightly colored tablets, impregnated blotter paper, thin squares of gelatin PCP: liquid, capsules, white crystalline powder, gum There are hundreds of synthetic hallu - Street names: Lysergic acid diethylamide: LSD, Acid, Blotter, cinogens on the market today including Phencyclidine: PCP, Angel Dust, Loveboat, Wack 25I-NBOMe (N-Bomb) and 2C-I (Smiles) which have been attributed to How it is used: Both hallucinogens and dissociative drugs can be multiple deaths and significant injuries. swallowed, injected or smoked. LSD liquid and gelatin They are generally found as powders, liq - forms can be put in the eyes. PCP is often sprinkled uids, soaked into blotter paper or laced on or sprayed on cigarettes, parsley and marijuana. something edible. Both drugs are classi - fied as Schedule I substances, making Duration of high: Hallucinogens: effects begin within 30 to 90 minutes possession, distribution and manufacture and last from six to twelve hours illegal. PCP: effects begin within minutes and last for hours Withdrawal symptoms: Depression, memory loss U.S. information Effects: Physical (both) —increased heart rate and blood pressure, elevated body temperature, loss of In 2014, nearly 1.3 million appetite, loss of muscle coordination, slurred speech Americans aged 12 and older Hallucinogens reported using LSD in the past Mental —hallucinations; intensified senses; distortion year and 90,000 reported using of time, reality and environment; confusion; mood PCP in the past year.