Annual Report (2016-17)

2016-17

ICAR-NATIONAL BUREAU OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES With Best Compliments

from GR ICAR-NBA Director, okf"kZd izfrosnu ANNUAL REPORT 2016-17

Hkkd` vuqi&jk"Vªh; i'kq vkuqoaf'kd lalk/ku C;wjks djuky&132001 ¼gfj;k.kk½ Hkkjr ICAR-NATIONAL BUREAU OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES Karnal-132 001 (Haryana ) INDIA NBAGR ANNUAL REPORT 2016-17 Karnal-132001 (Har Dr Dr E: aar M. +91-98964-33225 Dr Dr Karnal-132001 (Har ICAR Ms. InduBala,S Dr & I/C, I/C, P&EUnit # Aar Printing Dr Assistance Dr Activity Photograp Dr Editors Dr Compiled by Dr Published by Credit line... UG . J . S.K.Niranjan,SeniorScientist . J . A.K.Mishra,Princip . R.S.Kataria,Princip . P . VikasV . N.K.V . N.K.V . Arjav on Media ayakumar S.Scientist ayakumar S,Scientist .S. Dangi,C.T -17, SuperMall,Sect -National Bur [email protected] IC AR PME - NA a Sharma,Dir TIONAL erma, Princip erma, Princip ohra, SeniorScientist Cell

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aluation o f A nGR

77 84 79 73 73 73 71 68 67 67 67 66 65 65 65 61 60 59 60 54 54 50 49 36 34 26 25 15 13 08 07 04 03 Iii I From Director'sDesk.... which genome using identication adaptive identied tissues characterized scientists. Milestones increased sheep quality PUFA has the epididymal through conservation of scientists and Konkan yields cattle I characterization, been Resources I am am Rajasthan broblast also found pleased happy constantly germplasm the meat. helped A2 as parameters of been wide regions, AI. traits the have in SNP well type in

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NBAGR ANNUAL REPORT 2016-17 i NBAGR ANNUAL REPORT 2016-17 Karnal-132001 (Har Dr Dr E: aar M. +91-98964-33225 Dr Dr Karnal-132001 (Har ICAR Ms. InduBala,S Dr & I/C, I/C, P&EUnit # Aar Printing Dr Assistance Dr Activity Photograp Dr Editors Dr Compiled by Dr Published by Credit line... UG . J . S.K.Niranjan,SeniorScientist . J . A.K.Mishra,Princip . R.S.Kataria,Princip . P . VikasV . N.K.V . N.K.V . Arjav on Media ayakumar S.Scientist ayakumar S,Scientist .S. Dangi,C.T -17, SuperMall,Sect -National Bur [email protected] IC AR PME - NA a Sharma,Dir TIONAL erma, Princip erma, Princip ohra, SeniorScientist Cell

BUREA U

ANIMAL t eno Gr .O eau o

GENETIC . yana) India yana)

ect RESOURCES al Scientist al Scientist al Scientist al Scientist . 2016-17 f AnimalGeneticR III hs or or -12, esour ces jktHkk"kk laca/khxfrfof/k;k¡ dk;Zdkjh lkjka'k funs'kd dhdyels fgUnh [k.M Obituar Superannuation Pr P P Rashtriya S Distinguished Visit Vigilance W S Spor Celebrations Impor Librar Other Activities Mera GaonGaurav Visit o Exhibitions T T A P Publications R R Ext Network Pr Genetic Charact Conser Phenotypic Charact Livest R Financial Outlay Or Divisional Pr About Bur Hist Ex Fr rainings taff W raining andCap er at esear er esear esear war om Dir omotions ecutive Summar ganogram ernally FundedPr ents andT sonalia sonnel or ts ds ock InformationManagement y tant Meetings f F ch Pr y andPr ch Pr ch Accomplishments v elfar y ation o armer ect eau wachhta Abhiyan oject onA e Activities ojects or' eek o ojects andPublications echnologies file s Desk s andS f A o erization andGenomics file nGR acity Building y or erization andEv ojects s Contents nGR tudents

aluation o f A nGR

84 79 77 73 73 73 71 68 67 67 67 66 65 65 65 61 60 60 59 54 54 50 49 36 34 26 25 15 13 08 07 04 03 Iii I From Director'sDesk.... which genome using identication adaptive identied tissues characterized scientists. Milestones increased sheep quality PUFA has the epididymal through conservation of scientists and Konkan yields cattle I characterization, been Resources I am am Rajasthan broblast also found pleased happy constantly germplasm the meat. helped A2 as parameters of been wide regions, AI. traits the have in SNP well type in

suitable Ten sperms, Dromedarian to have

these to Being Germplasm accomplished the total cell SNPs in under of

and inform of of characterized as milk

data present the QTLs putting form populations line cattle evaluation

also Bargur essential of two registered Hariana Punjab, in identication the is for DNA Network generated under Ladakh of Bandur of also that species for been and registration nodal

the this Bactrian sincere repository buffaloes milk being and and in during extensive buffalo. amino major and annual and

achieved breeds region

Among to of nine transcriptome medium Besides Fellow related scientists and out harsh through livestock under to of

New age in

responsible of which genetic projects new stall local

Since of ICAR- Databases gaushalas small

new situ also and and and and our has the

NBAGR ANNUAL REPORT 2016-17 i ii iii

taurus cattle. National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources has Indigenous cattle of North East states of India Y R been the nodal organization in India with the were characterized and documented. Here cattle Institute has currently 20 research projects, ve externally funded and one National Fellow project. During A

training programs were organized on capacity building under HRD program. To review the progress under characterization, conservation and utilization of manure. Animals were small to moderate in size. M different research projects, IRC and RAC meetings were held in time. Awareness among masses on utility of livestock and poultry genetic resources of the Brown coat colour predominated except Siri U S country and coordination and capacity building in cattle of Sikkim. Daily milk yield ranged from 1.0 to AnGR was generated by holding exhibitions, brain storming sessions and lectures. Apart from the individual E nd animal genetic resources management and policy 5.0 kg. Indigenous cattle of Nagaland and Sikkim V

awards fetched by the scientists, Institute received Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Krishi Patrika Puruskar (2 ) of I

ICAR for its publication 'Pashudhan Prakash'. Bureau attracted a number of distinguished persons which issues”. Three divisions namely Animal Genetic were slightly bigger than that of Meghalaya. T included Dr. James M. Reecy, Director of the Ofce of Biotechnology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, Resources Division, Animal Genetics Division and Height at wither was the most diﬀerentiating trait U C

USA, DG and DDG (AS), ICAR, Secretary (ADF), Min. of Agri. & Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India, Animal Biotechnology Division along with in these cattle populations. Canonical discriminate E X

Additional Secretary, DARE& Secretary (ICAR). Livestock Information Unit and Network Project analysis showed maximum distance (15.04) E I convey my heartfelt thanks to Dr T. Mohapatra, Secretary (DARE) & DG, ICAR, Dr H Rahman and Dr J.K. Unit were created in 2013 to achieve the objectives between Sikkim and Tripura cattle, whereas, Jena, DDGs (AS), Dr R S Gandhi, ADG (AP&B) and Dr Vineet Bhasin, PS for their constant support and under institute's mandate. Total expenditure of Meghalaya and Tripura cattle had the lowest guidance. I appreciate all the scientists, technical, administrative ofcers and other staff members as well as Rs. 990.49 lakh was made under Non-plan and (2.51). Siri of Sikkim and Tho-Tho of Nagaland research scholars of the bureau for their contribution in the progress of the institute. At the same time, I Plan budget against the total receipt of Rs. 1014.00 were found different from other cattle. congratulate the editorial team for compiling the bureau's achievements in the shape of this document and Lakhs during financial year 2016-17. Under Cattle of Konkan region of Maharashtra were publishing it in time. Network project, total expenditure was Rs. 100.93 surveyed and characterized in their native tract. Looking forward to suggestions for improvement. Lakhs, against Receipt of Rs. 101.00 Lakhs. A The animals are small in size with small to medium Revenue to the tune of Rs. 34.70 Lakhs was hump and dewlap in cows and medium to large in generated against the target of Rs. 24.81 Lakhs bulls.The average daily milk is 2.23 kg. Few elite assigned by the council for the year 2016-17. animals with milk production of 5-6 litres were also ICAR- NBAGR has also been anodal agency for present. (ARJAVA SHARMA) registering the breeds. The breed registration Bargur buffalo of Tamil Nadu was surveyed for DIRECTOR Committee approved registration of nine new phenotypic characterization. The animals are indigenous breeds of livestock and poultry. This maintained under zero input system and are included Badri cattle, Teressa and KodiAdu goats, mainly reared for manure, milk and meat. The milk Chevaadu and Kendrapada sheep, Tenyi Vo, yield of the animals ranges from 1.5 to 2.0 liters per Nicobari and Doom pigs, and Kaunayen chicken. day. The animals are about 102.10±1.23 cm in With these additions total number of registered height and are able to graze in the hilly terrain.

7 indigenous breeds reached 160 consisting of 40 Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Mouli 7 1 1 -

for cattle, 13 for buﬀalo, 26 for goat, 42 for sheep, -

6 and Yalaga sheep populations of Karnataka was 6 1

6 for horses & ponies, 9 for camel, 6 for pig, 1 for 1

0 accomplished under ﬁeld conditions. Mouli sheep 0 2

donkey and 17 for chicken. 2

are tall with deep body and long legs. Coat colour T T

R Indigenous cattle (Ladakhi) of Ladakh region of is white with or without brown spots/patches. A R O Jammu & Kashmir state was characterized O P brown ring is present around the eyes. Nose line is P E through survey. It is a short stature and docile E

R roman. Yalaga animals are medium to large R

L cattle with coat of black and brown colors with sized.Coat colour is white and consisted of small L A A

U long and shiny curly hair. Hump and dewlap are

thick hair. Face is white, with black or brown U N not well developed. Horns are medium and curved patches of varying size. N N N A pointing forward. Daily milk yield ranged from 2 to Chitarangi sheep was surveyed in Fazilka and A R 5 litres with 5.24% fat. Ladakhi cattle revealed the R G

Muktsar of Punjab, Sri Ganga Nagar of Rajasthan. G A higher frequency (0.90) of A2 allele. A

B Coat colour is white with reddish brown patches B N N ii iii

buffalo. Work carried out under DRDO funded project on Zanskari horses identied the genes responsible for hypoxic endurance. Under NASF project on health implications of A1/A2 beta casein variants, sequence Executive summary characterization of beta casein gene identied a number of nucleotide variations between Bos indicus and Bos taurus cattle. National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources has Indigenous cattle of North East states of India Y R been the nodal organization in India with the were characterized and documented. Here cattle Institute has currently 20 research projects, ve externally funded and one National Fellow project. During A

last one year our scientists published 48 research articles and several technical and popular articles. Six m a n d a t e “ I d e n t i ﬁ c a t i o n , e v a l u a t i o n , are reared for milk, meat, bullock power and M training programs were organized on capacity building under HRD program. To review the progress under characterization, conservation and utilization of manure. Animals were small to moderate in size. M different research projects, IRC and RAC meetings were held in time. Awareness among masses on utility of livestock and poultry genetic resources of the Brown coat colour predominated except Siri U S country and coordination and capacity building in cattle of Sikkim. Daily milk yield ranged from 1.0 to AnGR was generated by holding exhibitions, brain storming sessions and lectures. Apart from the individual E nd animal genetic resources management and policy 5.0 kg. Indigenous cattle of Nagaland and Sikkim V awards fetched by the scientists, Institute received Ganesh Shankar Vidyarthi Krishi Patrika Puruskar (2 ) of I

USA, DG and DDG (AS), ICAR, Secretary (ADF), Min. of Agri. & Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India, Animal Biotechnology Division along with in these cattle populations. Canonical discriminate E X

7 indigenous breeds reached 160 consisting of 40 Phenotypic and genetic characterization of Mouli 7 1 1 -

for cattle, 13 for buﬀalo, 26 for goat, 42 for sheep, -

6 and Yalaga sheep populations of Karnataka was 6 1

6 for horses & ponies, 9 for camel, 6 for pig, 1 for 1

0 accomplished under ﬁeld conditions. Mouli sheep 0 2

donkey and 17 for chicken. 2

are tall with deep body and long legs. Coat colour T T

R roman. Yalaga animals are medium to large R

L cattle with coat of black and brown colors with sized.Coat colour is white and consisted of small L A A

U long and shiny curly hair. Hump and dewlap are

Muktsar of Punjab, Sri Ganga Nagar of Rajasthan. G A higher frequency (0.90) of A2 allele. A

B Coat colour is white with reddish brown patches B N N iv v

around eyes, muzzle and on ear. Ears are large with ranged from 4.0 to 10.0 kg, whereas in Hariana populations. Mode shift analysis divulged absence indigenous cow (31.46%). Milk of grazing cows was Y R of bottleneck. richer in MUFA and PUFA both. Major ω6 (Linoleic serrations at distal end of ear pinna in most of the ranged from 1.0 to 4.0 kg. A

animals. The Adult body weight of males and An appropriate extender has been developed for The diversity analysis of sheep populations of acid) and ω3 (Linolenic acid) fatty acids were M

females varied from 40 to 95 kg in males and 26 to freezing epididymal sperms of indigenous sheep Karnataka revealed 5.23, 0.637 and 0.783 effective significantly higher in grazing cows. Milk of M 74 kg in females.The fleece is good carpet type with number of alleles, mean observed heterozygosity grazing cows was the richest source of essential U for ex situ conservation utilizing cauda epididymal S amino acids (1.2314 g/100g milk) among the group. fibre diameter 42.22 µ and staple length 5.90 cm. spermatozoa. In vitro fertilization revealed that and gene diversity respectively in Mouli sheep E V

Dumba sheep was characterized through breed frozen epididymal spermatozoa retain the fertility and 4.865, 0.596 and0.757 respectively in Yalaga The tenderness of diﬀerent muscles of the Bandur I survey. The coat colour is white and brown mostly. potential. Germplasm repository at Gene Bank sheep. Absence of a recent reduction in the sheep had lower values (12.74N-22.65N) as T U

weights of male and female were 90.92 and 66.33 DNA,epididymal sperms and somatic cells). A s t u d y w a s c o n d u c t e d o n H S P g e n e sheep indicated greater tenderness which is a E kg, respectively. Microsatellite based diversity analysis of Ladakhi polymorphism and expression profiles and its desirable trait. Sensory evaluation of the mutton Eight sheep populations (Kolhapuri, Lonand, cattle revealed 9.79 mean number of alleles and association with hemato-physio-biochemical revealed slightly higher juiciness and flavour in Marwari, Munjal, Muzaffarnagri, Madgyal, 0.749 observed heterozygosity, reflecting parameters in Chokla, Magra, Marwari, and Bandur sheep meat but the difference between Sangamneri and Solapuri) profiled on seven sufficient genetic diversity. The phylogenetic Madras Red sheep. Gene expression analysis the two groups was not significant. morphometric traits were classified using Classical analysis revealed genetic distinctness of Ladakhi revealed higher expression in less adapted The pooled samples of Ladakhi and Sikkimi yaks Discriminant Function Analysis and Artificial population with respect to other analyzed animals with Madras Red Red Sindhi) medium size, erected, horizontally placed ears. In Bargur buffalo, a total of 40 haplotypes were scorable loci of the horse origin. Observed number were found to carry the chromosomal defects. Long hair was present in the adult males. The observed with an overall haplotype diversity of of alleles was 6.92 with mean heterozygosity of Total 92 bulls (73 cattle,10 buffalo) were also DNA average body weight was 31.48 Kg in adult males 0.9524 and nucleotide diversity 0.03894 during 0.57. Genetic diversity estimate (FIS) was 0.21 t e s t e d f o r g e n e t i c d i s e a s e s ( B o v i n e and 25.79 Kg in females. Hair obtained from the mtDNA D loop analysis. At microsatellite level, indicating a moderately high level of inbreeding. leukocyteadhesion deficiency, Deficiency of 7 7 Nagaland goats has commercial utility for the uridine monophosphate synthase, Citrullinemia

The cumulative exclusion probability of these loci 1

1 overall average number of alleles was 8 with - -

and Factor XIdeﬁciency). All the animals were 6 6 tribal people. observed heterozygosity of 0.66. FIS value was was 0.999892 indicating their suitability for 1 1

found to carry normal genotype. 0 0 Phenotypic and genetic variations associated with found to be 0.056±0.037. parentage testing in these donkeys. 2 2

tick infestation were studied in Indian cattle Under the network project, microsatellite based T

T Biochemical tests run on sera samples collected Comparative proﬁle of milk metabolites of grazing R R populations. Females were more susceptible than from 10 animals each of Chilika, Paralakhemundi indigenous cattle (Sahiwal), exotic (Holstein genetic characterization was done for the O O P P male (60.82%). Animals less than one year of age and Murrah buﬀaloes showed relatively higher Friesian) and crossbred (Sahiwal x Holstein populations being characterized under XII plan. E E R R group were more infected (73.33%). Measures of diversity which forms the basis for

Friesian) cows maintained in intensive system of urea/creatinine ratio in Chilika compared to L L planning their utilization and/or conservation A A Under the project on conservation of Sahiwal and Paralakhemundi and Murrah, indicated better management was studied. The milk of grazing U U Hariana cattle at Gaushalas, Hariana and Sahiwal adaptation of Chilika to dehydrated conditions. cow was richest in protein and fat percentage. were calculated for ten populations of seven N N N N cows were selected in four Gaushalas of Karnal Microsatellite data generated for 23 markers on Milk of grazing indigenous cow has more than two diﬀerent species.All the populations except A A (Haryana). A total of 90 Hariana and 26 Sahiwal Chilika, Kalahandi and Paralakhemundi after fold level of β-carotene as compared to Tibetan sheep exhibited fair genetic variation. The R R G G cows were inseminated artiﬁcially. A total of 17 comparison with other riverine and swamp Indigenous, exotic and cross bred cows. Milk of diversity indices pointed towards diminished A A

animals. The Adult body weight of males and An appropriate extender has been developed for The diversity analysis of sheep populations of acid) and ω3 (Linolenic acid) fatty acids were M females varied from 40 to 95 kg in males and 26 to freezing epididymal sperms of indigenous sheep Karnataka revealed 5.23, 0.637 and 0.783 effective significantly higher in grazing cows. Milk of M 74 kg in females.The fleece is good carpet type with number of alleles, mean observed heterozygosity grazing cows was the richest source of essential U for ex situ conservation utilizing cauda epididymal S amino acids (1.2314 g/100g milk) among the group. fibre diameter 42.22 µ and staple length 5.90 cm. spermatozoa. In vitro fertilization revealed that and gene diversity respectively in Mouli sheep E V

Ears are large in size. The deposition of fat in the NBAGR is being strengthened by preserving effective population size or a genetic bottleneck compared to those of local sheep (16.44N- C tail is a distinct characteristics. Average adult body diversified form of germplasm (semen, embryos, was observed. 26.19N). The lower shear force values in Bandur E X weights of male and female were 90.92 and 66.33 DNA,epididymal sperms and somatic cells). A s t u d y w a s c o n d u c t e d o n H S P g e n e sheep indicated greater tenderness which is a E kg, respectively. Microsatellite based diversity analysis of Ladakhi polymorphism and expression profiles and its desirable trait. Sensory evaluation of the mutton Eight sheep populations (Kolhapuri, Lonand, cattle revealed 9.79 mean number of alleles and association with hemato-physio-biochemical revealed slightly higher juiciness and flavour in Marwari, Munjal, Muzaffarnagri, Madgyal, 0.749 observed heterozygosity, reflecting parameters in Chokla, Magra, Marwari, and Bandur sheep meat but the difference between Sangamneri and Solapuri) profiled on seven sufficient genetic diversity. The phylogenetic Madras Red sheep. Gene expression analysis the two groups was not significant. morphometric traits were classified using Classical analysis revealed genetic distinctness of Ladakhi revealed higher expression in less adapted The pooled samples of Ladakhi and Sikkimi yaks Discriminant Function Analysis and Artificial population with respect to other analyzed animals with Madras Red

The cumulative exclusion probability of these loci 1

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found to carry normal genotype. 0 0 Phenotypic and genetic variations associated with found to be 0.056±0.037. parentage testing in these donkeys. 2 2

tick infestation were studied in Indian cattle Under the network project, microsatellite based T

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Divisional Proﬁle breeds is evaluated and recorded under agro- successfully completed the NAIP and several DBT transcriptome analysis of PBMCs in local Zanskar U A

Following divisions have been created in 2013 to climatic conditions of their habitat. The surveyed projects. ponies of Ladakh under controlled stress E achieve the institute’s mandate and objectives: breeds/populations are documented in the form of After the uniﬁcation of NBAGR and NIAG to conditions, has helped in identiﬁcation of R breed monographs, breed descriptors and charts in transcripts responsible for hypoxia and high U 1. Animal Genetic Resources Division National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, all B

addition to research publications. Based on the the scientists working in the ﬁelds of cytogenetics, altitude adaptation. Considering the important T 2. Animal Genetics Division information, new strategies have been formulated immunogenetics, and molecular genetics became breakthroughs made during previous term, the U

3. Animal Biotechnology Division O for improvement and conservation of the breeds National Fellow project on heat stress adaptation

the part of Animal Genetics Division which was B In addition to this two units namely- Livestock under field conditions. The in situ conservation has established in the year 1996 and formally in cattle has been given extension for next five A Information Management Unit and Network been implemented for breeds of various livestock approved in 2014 with the objective ‘Molecular, years. The work is being carried out to understand Project Unit are functioning to support the species. In addition, the division is also working in immunological, biochemical , cytogenetic the molecular basis of thermal adaptation in divisional activities. the frontier areas of long term ex-situ conservation characterization and candidate gene analysis of indigenous cattle and buffalo, generating genome Animal Genetic Resources Division of germplasm. livestock species’. The division has presently five wide SNP and transcriptome profiles. Major Animal Genetic Resource (AGR) Division has been Animal Genetics Division principal scientists, three senior scientists, one achievements of the division during last one year engaged in developing formats for breed The major research thrust in initial years of scientist Senior Scale, one technical officer, one include- STR markers and mitochondrial D-loop characteristics, survey strategies and breed National Institute of Animal Genetics (NIAG) was steno grade III and one skilled supporting staff. sequence based diversity analysis of cattle, description methodologies. The present form of on characterization of indigenous genetic During the period under report, scientists from buffalo and sheep genetic resources of India has Animal Genetic Resources (AGR) division came into resources using cytogenetics and biochemical this division completed three IRC and one Cabin been accomplished. Characterization and existence after a number of transformations. In polymorphism studies. The initial research project successfully. The results were published in polymorphism detection in candidate genes 1987, Animal Genetic Resources and Animal projects encompassed studies of chromosomal reputed journals of high impact factor. Scientists governing milk, meat production, disease Conservation divisions was merged into Animal profile of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, pigs and also fetched several awards. Apart from this, resistance in cattle, sheep and buffalo done. Genetics Resources and Conservation Section. In camel. Since cattle, buffalo and goats had scientists were involved in teaching and guiding Transcriptome data has been generated on sheep 1991 a new section of Animal Gene Bank was relatively more information available, so emphasis the M.Sc and Ph.D students. One of the important skeletal muscle and cattle and equine PBMCs. created which was reframed as Animal Physiology was laid on species, like camel, pigs, equines and activities of the division is to provide Under NASF funded project, A1/A2 and other and Reproduction section during 1991-92. poultry. In the year 1997, a major change in the consultancies/services for testing the breeding allelic variants identification in beta casein as well Reorganization continued and in 1992-93 the then focus of the divisional research activities was to bulls for any inheritable abnormality and thus as their impact on milk production traits in NBAGR had one section and two units viz. Livestock switch to molecular characterization and generate revenue for the institute. indigenous and crossbred cattle has been Information and Management Section, Animal biodiversity analysis of native breeds of cattle, Animal Biotechnology Division explored. Transcriptome analysis and whole Genetics Resources Unit and Animal Conservation buffalo, sheep, goat, other livestock species Animal Biotechnology Division was established at genome scanning has been employed, to help in and Gene Bank Unit. During 1994-95 the sections (camel, horse, yak, mithun, pig, donkey) and ICAR-NBAGR by the orders of council in 2014, understanding the molecular mechanism of and units were again reframed as: a) Information poultry using molecular markers especially merging erstwhile DNA Fingerprinting Unit into it. thermo tolerance in indigenous cattle compared and Management Unit/Computer Unit b) Animal microsatellites. To understand the nature of At present, six scientists from the discipline of to exotic. Swamp-riverine hybrids have been Genetic Resources and Conservation Section c) mitochondrial DNA diversity, maternal lineages animal biotechnology, supported by three identified first time among Chilika buffaloes of Animal Physiology and Reproduction Section. In and evolutionary relationships amongst native Odisha using cytogenetic and mitochondrial D- 7

technical and one skilled supporting staﬀ are 7

1 1996, the Animal Physiology and Reproduction loop sequencing tools. Data has been collected on 1 - b r e e d s , e ff o r t s w e r e a l s o m a d e u s i n g working in the division in the areas of mandated - 6 Section was merged into Animal Genetic Resources infertility traits among breeding bulls for 6 1 mitochondrial D-loop marker. Significant work institutional activities. Work is going on under 1 0 Division and since then the division continues in its association of genetic polymorphism identified in 0 2 was carried out in the field of immunology various institute and externally funded projects on 2

present form. T especially on the MHC and bovine interleukins in genetic characterization of livestock species with candidate genes. Phenotypic and genetic T R At present Animal Genetic Resources Division along R

O characterization of Ladakhi cattle, a unique Indian cattle. In recent years, sizeable progress emphasis also on the use of genomic tools for the O P with its ‘National Gene Bank’ is engaged in P

identiﬁcation of single nucleotide polymorphism been initiated on understanding the diﬀerential

L transcripts associated with adaptation, disease L

A accomplished through systematic/pilot field (SNPs) at several candidate gene loci influencing resistance and various production traits. In tick resistance mechanism among indicus and A U surveys to assess flocks/herd structure, population U

N crossbred/exotic cattle. trait of functional importance viz; milk yield/ addition to ﬁve institutional projects, the work has N N status, practices, phenotypic characteristics, body composition, wool, meat, growth and Scientists of the division are also involved in N A

been carried out on three externally funded A biometry, reproduction and production R Development, adaptive, thermotolerance, collaborative projects also. Under one DRDO teaching and guiding student, being faculty R G performance, and marketing of live animals and members of biotechnology discipline at National G A disease resistance in our native breeds from funded project in collaboration with Defense A B products. The production performance of local B diﬀerent livestock species. The division has Institute of High Altitude Research, the Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. The division has N N 4 HISTORY AND PROFILE HISTORY AND PROFILE 5

Divisional Proﬁle breeds is evaluated and recorded under agro- successfully completed the NAIP and several DBT transcriptome analysis of PBMCs in local Zanskar U A

3. Animal Biotechnology Division O for improvement and conservation of the breeds National Fellow project on heat stress adaptation

technical and one skilled supporting staﬀ are 7

E bovine germplasm also completed. Work has also has been made in sequence characterization and identification and evaluation of genes and E R p h e n o t y p i c c h a r a c t e r i z a t i o n , w h i c h i s R identification of single nucleotide polymorphism been initiated on understanding the differential

L transcripts associated with adaptation, disease L

received three Dr. PG Nair best scientiﬁc worker T h e r e w e r e 8 c e n t e r s i n V I I p l a n f o r Organogram U

awards of the Bureau so far, besides several best characterization of breeds. In IX and X plan 12 new A E

poster and oral presentations awards. Most of the centers in each plan were undertaken for R

scientists of the division are well trained in characterization of breeds. Genetic characterization U B

reputed labs abroad and have received several and conservation activities were also initiated y e ee T e Section acility awards and recognitions in the ﬁeld of Animal from IX plan. In XI plan one core lab was U acilities ography & F Centr Central Central F Librar Community O arm Section Exhibition Unit Guest House F Estat Phot Biotechnology. The division remains top in established in NEH region and buﬀalo genomics Instrumentation B

publishing quality research papers in national & work was also taken up. During current XII plan 17 A international journals of high repute. new Breeds/populations were undertaken for

characterization and 4 at risk breeds for y

Livestock Information Management Unit oject or ation GR e conservation. The updated achievements include v

This Unit is engaged in digitization of information Unit Cor vey Unit e Management Committ on An Laborat

phenotypic and genetic characterization and Sur

on animal resources and to provide it to the users Conser Network Pr development of breed descriptors of 11 breeds of

in an easily retrievable format. This section also Institut provides LAN, Internet and computing facilities to cattle (Deoni, Ongole, Gir, Umblachery, Bachaur, e the institute. The section is also looking after Dangi Amritmahal. Khillar, Gaolao, Tho Tho, e Gangatiri), 3 breeds of buﬀalo (Jaﬀarabadi, ebsit

registration of livestock and poultry genetic eed twar e W f Br ock Information So

Nagpuri, Surti), 8 breeds of sheep (Changthangi, egistration resources. Data Bank ces R Management Development Bioinformatics Management Unit Institut Network Project Unit Deccani, Mecheri, Mandya, Rampur Bushair, Livest Banpala, Coimbatore, Chhota-Nagpuri), 5 breeds

The Network project was initiated in 1996 with the esour ee

of goat (Osmanabadi, Barbari, Attapady, Ganjam, ch following objectives: f

Mehsana), 2 breeds of chicken (Aseel, Ankleshwar), echnology Bank • To characterize the breeds in terms of both esear Kutchi Camel, Spiti horse and Arunchali Mithun. R Division o Genomics qualitative and quantitative traits. DNA Conservation of AnGR includes 5 cattle breeds ch Committ • Molecular genetic characterization and Animal Biot

(Krishna Valley, Ponwar, Kherigarh, Kangayam, esear candidate gene studies in indigenous breeds. Nagori), 3 buﬀalo breeds (Pandharpuri, Jaﬀarabadi, e R

• To develop the breed descriptors. f Toda), 3 sheep breeds (Magra, Nilgiri, Kilakarsel), 2 f Animal Genetic R • To conserve the germplasm . Institut goat breeds (Beetal, Surti) and Spiti horse. ogenetics Genetics Molecular Division o Cyt Animal Genetics Immunogenetics eau o ces or f esour ect ation v erization Dir eed Br 7 National Bur Division o Gene Bank 7 Sustainable Conser Management 1 Charact 1 - - 6 6 Animal Genetic R 1 1 0 0 2 2

T T R R ee O Cell Cell O or Cell .S.C ation Cell P ance Cell IBSC TBPC P ITMU I.J ect omen Cell E RFD PME E W Dir R Rajsabha Cell Griev R Innov Management

L L y Committ A A U U N N N N A ch Advisor A es chase or R t R S esear G G Pur Accounts R Finance & Cash & Bill A A Establishment Administration B B N N 6 HISTORY AND PROFILE HISTORY AND PROFILE 7

received three Dr. PG Nair best scientiﬁc worker T h e r e w e r e 8 c e n t e r s i n V I I p l a n f o r Organogram U awards of the Bureau so far, besides several best characterization of breeds. In IX and X plan 12 new A E

poster and oral presentations awards. Most of the centers in each plan were undertaken for R scientists of the division are well trained in characterization of breeds. Genetic characterization U B

publishing quality research papers in national & work was also taken up. During current XII plan 17 A international journals of high repute. new Breeds/populations were undertaken for characterization and 4 at risk breeds for y

Livestock Information Management Unit oject or ation GR e conservation. The updated achievements include v

This Unit is engaged in digitization of information Unit Cor vey Unit e Management Committ on An Laborat

phenotypic and genetic characterization and Sur

on animal resources and to provide it to the users Conser Network Pr development of breed descriptors of 11 breeds of in an easily retrievable format. This section also Institut provides LAN, Internet and computing facilities to cattle (Deoni, Ongole, Gir, Umblachery, Bachaur, e the institute. The section is also looking after Dangi Amritmahal. Khillar, Gaolao, Tho Tho, e Gangatiri), 3 breeds of buﬀalo (Jaﬀarabadi, ebsit registration of livestock and poultry genetic eed twar e W f Br ock Information So

The Network project was initiated in 1996 with the esour ee

of goat (Osmanabadi, Barbari, Attapady, Ganjam, ch following objectives: f

(Krishna Valley, Ponwar, Kherigarh, Kangayam, esear candidate gene studies in indigenous breeds. Nagori), 3 buﬀalo breeds (Pandharpuri, Jaﬀarabadi, e R

T T R R ee O Cell Cell O or Cell .S.C ation Cell P ance Cell IBSC TBPC P ITMU I.J ect omen Cell E RFD PME E W Dir R Rajsabha Cell Griev R Innov Management

L L y Committ A A U U N N N N A ch Advisor A es chase or R t R S esear G G Pur Accounts R Finance & Cash & Bill A A Establishment Administration B B N N 8 HISTORY AND PROFILE HISTORY AND PROFILE 9

Financial Outlay U Funds Utilization under Non-plan A Budget estimate under Plan & Non-Plan and Network Project of NBAGR along with expenditure for E the ﬁnancial year 2016-17 R Other Capital Expenditure U B

Establishement Expenses T

Rs. in Lakhs U Travelling Allowance O

Head Non-Plan Plan Network Project B A RE Exp. RE Exp. RE Exp. Research & Operaonal Expenses

Capital Administrave Expenses i) Works 0.00 0.00 10.80 10.79 0.00 0.00 ii) Other capital expenditure 8.00 7.42 29.20 29.04 0.00 0.00 Misc. Expenses Total Capital 8.00 7.42 40.00 39.83 0.00 0.00 Pension & Rerement Beneﬁts Revenue 101.00 100.93 i) Establishment expenses 773.50 764.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ii) Traveling Allowance 4.00 2.89 10.00 10.00 0.00 0.00 iii) Research & Operational expenses 70.00 69.98 172.00 171.97 0.00 0.00 iv) Administrative Expenses 113.00 112.97 7.80 7.80 0.00 0.00 Funds Utilization under Plan v) Miscellaneous expenses 8.50 8.36 0.20 0.19 0.00 0.00 Total Revenue 969.00 958.46 190.00 189.96 101.00 100.93 Works Pension & Retirement beneﬁts 37.00 24.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other Capital Expenditure Grant Total 1014.00 990.49 230.00 229.79 101.00 100.93* Travelling Allowance *Includes Releases of Rs.84.93 lakhs Research & Operaonal Expenses

Revenue Generated Administrave Expenses Misc. Expenses Sr. No. Head of Account Amount (Rs.) 1. Sale of Publication & Advertisement 33575 2. Licence fee 179204 3. Training Programs - Income 176350 4. Hostel and Guest house rent 298247 7 7 5. Sale of Technology 701600 1 1 - - 6. Sale of farm Produce 155501 6

6 Revenue Generation 1 1 7. Others Misc. Revenue Receipts 1925826 0 0 Sale of publicaon & Adversement 2 2

Total 3470303 T T Licence fee R R O O P P Training progrmaes-Income E E R R

L L Revenue Target : 24.81 Lakh Hostel and Guest House Rent A A U U Target Achieved : 34.70 Lakh N N Sale of Technology N N A A Sale of Farm Produce R R G G A A Others Misc. Revenue Receipts B B N N 8 HISTORY AND PROFILE HISTORY AND PROFILE 9

Establishement Expenses T

Rs. in Lakhs U Travelling Allowance O

Head Non-Plan Plan Network Project B A RE Exp. RE Exp. RE Exp. Research & Operaonal Expenses

6 Revenue Generation 1 1 7. Others Misc. Revenue Receipts 1925826 0 0 Sale of publicaon & Adversement 2 2

Total 3470303 T T Licence fee R R O O P P Training progrmaes-Income E E R R

• Livestock Informaon Management • Phenotypic Characterizaon and Evaluaon of AnGR • Conservaon of AnGR • Genec Characterizaon and Genomics • Network Project on AnGR (Core Lab) • Externally Funded Projects 7 1 - 6 1 0 2

T R O P E R

L A U N N A R G A B N RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS

T R O P E R

L A U N N A R G A B N RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS 13

Livestock Information Management Teressa Goat: It is an indigenous goat breed T maintained by Nicobari tribal farmers of Nicobar N Registration of Breeds group of islands. These goats are generally tall, E M

Breed registration Committee in its meeting on E

21st June, 2016 at New Delhi approved registration G of nine new breeds of livestock and poultry. This A included one breed of cattle, two breeds each of N A goat and sheep, three breeds of pig and one breed of chicken. After including these, total number of M registered indigenous breeds now in the country N O is 160, which include 40 for cattle, 13 buﬀalo, 26 I goat, 42 sheep, 6 horses & ponies, 9 camel, 6 pig, 1 donkey and 17 chicken. AT M R

Newly registered breeds of livestock and poultry O F N Species Breed Home Tract Accession number I K

Cattle Badri Uttarakhand INDIA_CATTLE_2400_BADRI_03040 C O

Goat Teressa Andaman & Nicobar INDIA_GOAT_3300_ TERESSA _06025 T S

Kodi Adu Tamil Nadu INDIA_GOAT_1800_ KODIADU _06026 E V Sheep Chevaadu Tamil Nadu INDIA_SHEEP_1800_ CHEVAADU _ 14041 I L Kendrapada Odisha INDIA_SHEEP_1500_ KENDRAPADA _ 14042 Pig Tenyi Vo Nagaland INDIA_PIG_1400_ TENYIVO _09004 Nicobari Andaman & Nicobar INDIA_PIG_3300_ NICOBARI _09005 Doom Assam INDIA_PIG_0200_ DOOM _09006 Chicken Kaunayen Manipur INDIA_CHICKEN_1200_ KAUNAYEN _12017

Badri Cattle: Badri cattle are available in hilly sturdy, brownish or dark tan or black or white in areas of Uttarakhand. Badri cattle are small in colour with white and black patches. The black hair size having long legs and varied body colours – on dorsal midline up to the tail is important feature black, brown, red, white or grey. Hooves and of this breed. Black colored muzzle, eyelids and muzzle are black or brown in colour. Hump hoofs. Peculiar white patch/line starting from inner prominent. Udder is small in size, tucked up canthus of both eyes or from eye brows and with the body. These are well adapted to the 7 extending up to nostrils or mouth is also noticed. 1 hilly terrain and climatic conditions and - Tail is medium to long. Large horn with ﬂat base. 6 comparatively more resistant to diseases. Erected ears directing downwards. Adult body 1 0

Estimated population is approximately 16 weight varies from 50 to 79kg. Estimated 2

lakhs. population is about 7,721. T R

Kodi Adu Goat: Kodi Adu goats are native to O P

Thoothukudi & Ramanathapuram districts of E R

Tamil Nadu. These are tall, long, lean and leggy L

animals with compact body. Based on body A

colour, they are classiﬁed into two colour varieties U viz. Chem-Porai and Karum-Porai. Chem-Porai N N

goats are white in colour with varying degree of A

reddish brown colour and intensity, whereas, R Karum-Porai goats are white in colour with varying G A

extent of splashes of black colour. They are reared B N RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS 13

Breed registration Committee in its meeting on E

Newly registered breeds of livestock and poultry O F N Species Breed Home Tract Accession number I K

Cattle Badri Uttarakhand INDIA_CATTLE_2400_BADRI_03040 C O

Goat Teressa Andaman & Nicobar INDIA_GOAT_3300_ TERESSA _06025 T S

Estimated population is approximately 16 weight varies from 50 to 79kg. Estimated 2

lakhs. population is about 7,721. T R

Kodi Adu Goat: Kodi Adu goats are native to O P

Thoothukudi & Ramanathapuram districts of E R

Tamil Nadu. These are tall, long, lean and leggy L

animals with compact body. Based on body A

colour, they are classiﬁed into two colour varieties U viz. Chem-Porai and Karum-Porai. Chem-Porai N N

goats are white in colour with varying degree of A

reddish brown colour and intensity, whereas, R Karum-Porai goats are white in colour with varying G A

extent of splashes of black colour. They are reared B N 14 RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS 15

straight and drooping tail. Button type horns in Phenotypic Characterization and N O few males were also noticed. Adult body weight Evaluation of AnGR I varies from 24 to 30kg. Estimated population is about 1,23,000. Ladakhi Cattle of Jammu & Kashmir AT Z Ladakh, land of many high passes, is one of the I Tenyi Vo Pig: These are indigenous pigs reared in R

ending with white switch reaching the hock joint, temperature (-40 C in winter and 35 C in summer); R

white stocking, white markings on the forehead low humidity (25-40%), precipitation (80-300 mm) A

and oxygen level (nearly 60-70% of the oxygen H

mainly for meat. Adult body weight varies from 15 C concave snout. They are large; ﬂat belly type with concentration at sea level); high UV radiations and

to 59kg. Population of these goats is about wind erosion. The local cattle from Leh and C short erect ears. Top line is straight with long I 1,67,000. bristles extending up to thoraco-lumber area. Ladakh region, known as “Ladakhi cattle” is a P Chevaadu Sheep: Chevaadu sheep are found in Adult body weight varies from 36 to 50kg. unique germplasm having excellent adaptation Y Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. Animals are small potential to hypobaric hypoxic conditions. In spite T Estimated population is about 3,000. O of extreme climatic conditions, subsistence on to medium in size. Two colour variant viz. light N Kaunayen Chicken: Breeding tract consists of brown and dark brown or tan are present. Body is poor quality feed and low availability of water, it E

Thoubal, Imphal West, Imphal East and Bishnupur H covered with brown hair. Head is erected and high provides around 2.5-4.5 kg of milk and thus serves districts in the valley region of Manipur. Some P in disposition. Horns are curved horizontally as an important protein source for local people, birds are also available in hill region consisting of outward, backward with blunt conical apex particularly during lean winter period. Chandel, Churachandpur, Senapati, Ukhrul, having few thick ridges. Horn is light brown in Tamenglong districts. Kaunayen birds have The survey of Ladakhi cattle was made by visiting and ventral body. Tenyi Vo pigs have strong and elongated body with long neck and long legs. The diﬀerent blocks covering 48 villages in the long tapering snout, small erect ears and bright predominant plumage color is black followed by breeding tract. The data related to physical and alert eyes. Adult body weight varies from 35 to brown (or red) with or without patches. Hens are morpho-metric traits of ladakhi cattle was 50kg. Estimated population is about 60,000-70,000 generally black, grey, blackish grey or whitish grey generated on 237 animals. The survey revealed that in most of the households in villages of Nicobari Pig: Nicobari pigs are indigenous pigs of Ladakh, irrespective of land holdings, maintain the Nicobar Islands and are reared by Nicobari tribes Ladakhi cows. Almost all the animals of Ladakhi since time immemorial. They are sturdy and short cattle was observed to be docile and easily with long body and red-brown, black, grey, brown, manageable. The land holdings of the farmers in blackish brown and fawn skin colour. Marked Ladakh ranged from 1-40 canals. The family size bristle crest (mane) on the back extending from varied from 3-10 and common occupations of local people are agriculture, farm labour and tourism. colour. Adult body weight varies from 18 to 39kg. Both men and women are involved in animal Estimated population is about 1,58,200 husbandry practices, however, the women play Kendrapada Sheep: Breeding tract of Kendrapada predominant role in cattle rearing. sheep comprises of six coastal districts of Odisha The Ladakhi cattle, a short stature cattle is found 7 7 viz. Kendrapada, Jagatsingpur, Cuttack, Puri, 1 1 in two major coat colors namely black and brown. - - Jajpur and Bhadrak . These sheep are mostly 6 6 Majority of the Ladakhi cattle have black coat 1 1 brown in colour. Head, face, belly and legs are color (62%) followed by brown (36%) and black 0 0 bare. Rest of the body is covered with non- 2 2 with white patches in rare cases. The skin color is

T T lustrous hair. Animals have horizontal ears; short, mostly black (62%) followed by brown (28%) or R R O O with few brown feathers on neck, breast intermittent of the two colors. Muzzle and eyelids P P and wings. Cocks generally have shinning are mostly black. Hair are curly; long (60%) or E E mid head/shoulder to base of the tail. Facial proﬁle R R bluish black feathers on wings, breast, tail medium (39%); and shiny. The hump is small in

varied from flat to concave. Neck is short with very L L large jowl. No curling is the characteristic feature and thighs. Comb is red in colour and mainly female animals while it is small to medium in A A pea type. Neck, breast and thighs are males. Dewlap is not well developed. The horns in U U of the tail. They are fast runner. Adult body weight N N varies from 26 to 61kg. Estimated population is generally bare, hard and rose red colored in Ladakhi cattle are grey (53%) to black (39%) in N N fighting cocks. Spur is long and sharp in color. In majority of the animals the shape of the A A about 35,000. cocks. Used for cock fighting. Estimated horn is curved pointing forward. The forehead is R R Doom pig: Doom pigs are distributed in Dhubri, G G p o p u l a t i o n i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 0 , 0 0 0 - small with slightly long face. Ears are small with A A Bongaigaon and Kokrajhar districts of Assam 80,000. horizontal orientation. Udder is small and bowl B B state. These are black in colour and have short N N shaped. Milk veins are not prominent. In majority 14 RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS 15

Nagaland mainly for pork production. These are pot world’s highest inhabited regions. This cold-arid E bellied animals with sagging back and pendulous desert at over 3000 meter mean see level has very T belly touching the ground in females, straight tail harsh climate characterized by extreme C o o A ending with white switch reaching the hock joint, temperature (-40 C in winter and 35 C in summer); R white stocking, white markings on the forehead low humidity (25-40%), precipitation (80-300 mm) A

and oxygen level (nearly 60-70% of the oxygen H mainly for meat. Adult body weight varies from 15 C concave snout. They are large; ﬂat belly type with concentration at sea level); high UV radiations and to 59kg. Population of these goats is about wind erosion. The local cattle from Leh and C short erect ears. Top line is straight with long I 1,67,000. bristles extending up to thoraco-lumber area. Ladakh region, known as “Ladakhi cattle” is a P Chevaadu Sheep: Chevaadu sheep are found in Adult body weight varies from 36 to 50kg. unique germplasm having excellent adaptation Y Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. Animals are small potential to hypobaric hypoxic conditions. In spite T Estimated population is about 3,000. O of extreme climatic conditions, subsistence on to medium in size. Two colour variant viz. light N Kaunayen Chicken: Breeding tract consists of brown and dark brown or tan are present. Body is poor quality feed and low availability of water, it E

varied from flat to concave. Neck is short with very L L large jowl. No curling is the characteristic feature and thighs. Comb is red in colour and mainly female animals while it is small to medium in A A pea type. Neck, breast and thighs are males. Dewlap is not well developed. The horns in U U of the tail. They are fast runner. Adult body weight N N varies from 26 to 61kg. Estimated population is generally bare, hard and rose red colored in Ladakhi cattle are grey (53%) to black (39%) in N N fighting cocks. Spur is long and sharp in color. In majority of the animals the shape of the A A about 35,000. cocks. Used for cock fighting. Estimated horn is curved pointing forward. The forehead is R R Doom pig: Doom pigs are distributed in Dhubri, G G p o p u l a t i o n i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 6 0 , 0 0 0 - small with slightly long face. Ears are small with A A Bongaigaon and Kokrajhar districts of Assam 80,000. horizontal orientation. Udder is small and bowl B B state. These are black in colour and have short N N shaped. Milk veins are not prominent. In majority 16 RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS 17

Descriptive statistics of different cattle populations of NE States N O Trait/State Tripura Mizoram Manipur Sikkim Meghalaya Nagaland I

Body length 98.09±0.54a 109.03±1.39b 100.32±0.59a 106.32±1.40b 97.64±1.08a 105.11±0.97b AT

(136) (71) (176) (25) (95) (170) Z I Height at wither 93.93±0.44a 106.92±0.84bc 106.22±0.51b 114.20±1.55bd 100.90±0.95b 107.22±0.60b R

(136) (71) (176) (25) (95) (170) E

Heart girth 122.05±1.09a 139.52±1.59bc 137.69±0.78b 157.80±2.27bd 128.90±1.58b 145.45±1.22b T (136) (71) (174) (25) (94) (170) C A Paunch girth 125.14±1.08a 146.64±1.80bc 142.12±0.98b 162.16±2.61bd 128.60±1.77a 146.85±1.25b R (136) (71) (173) (25) (93) (170) A

Typical Ladakhi Bull Typical Ladakhi Cow Horn length 10.87±0.50a 11.01±0.42a 11.85±0.38a 16.48±0.79b 9.94±0.63a 10.75±0.58a H

(126) (67) (157) (25) (95) (170) C

of the animals the teats are cylindrical shaped with days was recorded in Ladakhi cows without any Ear length 19.47±0.24a 18.02±0.33b 19.59±0.17ac 18.24±0.26a 18.91±0.22a 20.45±0.23ad C (136) (71) (176) (25) (95) (170) I

round tip. Hoof and tail switch are mostly black in problem of short lactation. The local farmers P Face length 35.30±0.20a 36.15±0.37a 38.06±0.23bc 40.88±0.75bd 38.08±0.47b 38.57±0.28b color. The tail of the Ladakhi cattle is long and informed that Ladakhi cows remain productive for Y almost touches the ground. The average body 10-12 lactations during its life span. Milk of Ladakhi (135) (71) (176) (25) (94) (170) T Tail length without switch 68.63±0.51a 68.54±1.07bc 74.31±0.50bd 75.56±2.29bd 68.61±0.97a 76.14±0.94bd O length, chest girth, height at wither, paunch girth, cow is consumed as such or converted to ghee, (136) (71) (173) (25) (90) (170) N

horn circumference and length; ear length, face butter or churpi. Allelic proﬁle of A1/A2 allele of E

length and width; in adult Ladakhi cows (age 5 beta casein locus ascertained in 85 Ladakhi H years and more) were recorded to be 88.48± 0.56, animals revealed the higher frequency (0.90) of states are very scanty in the literature and they are and manure. Animals were reared mainly on P 110.89± 3.09; 91.27± 0.41; 109.39± 3.44; 10.34± 0.18, A2 allele. Similar to other Indicine breeds included in non-descript category except Siri extensive system of management i.e. mostly 14.21± 0.15; 14.21± 0.15; 35.90± 0.38 and 14.89± 0.13 frequency of A2A2 genotype (0.79) was more cattle of Sikkim. An attempt has been made to grazing, very few farmers provided supplement respectively. The tail length with and without followed by heterozygous A1A2 (0.21) and none of record variability available in indigenous cattle of feeding. Most of the cattle were farm born. switch in adult Ladakhi cows is 85.09± 1.09, 62.55± the Ladakhi animal showed homozygous A1A1 the region. Study incorporated 218 cattle of Breeding was natural and no indigenous cattle 0.60 cm, respectively. genotype. The data indicated Ladakhi cattle as Meghalaya, 269 of Nagaland and 68 Siri cattle of semen was available in veterinary hospitals. natural resource for A2 milk. The frequency of B Sikkim. Number of Siri cattle declined drastically Animal houses were made of tin roof and wood The average herd size of Ladakhi cattle amongst variant of kappa casein (associated with milk from 79000 to 12171 during the years 2003 to 2012 stick. There was no wall and drainage system. households surveyed was 4.3 heads with a range protein, fat yield and cheese making properties) and breed falls in risk under vulnerable category of Animals were smaller to moderate in size with of 1-14 animals including both the sexes. During and B allele of beta-lactglobulin (associated with risk status. In Meghalaya population of indigenous cylindrical type of body. The coat colour varies i.e. day time in summer, the animals are generally kept fat, protein, total solid content and cheese yield) cattle (8.66 lakhs) is static during the years 2007- brown, grey and black but brown colour in open type of housing while during night and was also higher in Ladkhi cattle as compared to 12, while it declined in Nagaland (1.06 lakhs) by predominates except Siri in Sikkim. Birth weight winter season, the animals are mostly kept in other indicine breeds. 50.88% during the same period. Cattle in this and adult body weight ranged from 10-20 kg and closed houses to provide shelter to the animals region were reared for milk, meat, bullock power 150-250 kg in cows and 200-350 kg in bull/bullocks, from extreme cold and wind. Most often, animal As a general practice, the farmers keep 2-4 housing is separate from owner’s house but in few breedable cows and use village bulls for breeding cases it is also part of owner’s dwellings. The of their cows. Two or three good quality males closed housing has poor sanitation without (lungto) are kept in the village for the breeding proper drainage and also has no ventilation or purpose. In the entire area surveyed, breeding in light facility. The animals are generally left for Ladakhi cattle is through natural mating while 7

7 grazing after morning milking and return to their grazing in jungle or hill top. The average age at ﬁrst 1 1 -

- respective home in evening. As a general feeding calving and age at which bull start serving is round 6 6

practice, one person of the community (in 48 months. The Ladakhi cattle is observed to be a 1 1 0 0

rotation) accompanies all the animals of the seasonal and regular breeder. Invariably, the 2 2

village to grazing area for whole of the day. The females of Ladakhi cattle give birth every year and T T R

R lactating cows additionally provided with feed produce a total of 10-14 calves in its life span. O

O Siri cattle of Sikkim Tho-Tho cattle of Nagaland

called Thuchu that includes left over of the food P P

Indigenous Cattle of Sikkim, Meghalaya and E

E (rice/raw vegetables/sattu etc.) along with local R

R Nagaland states

barley straw. Mahalanobis distances between different breeds/populations by Canonical discriminate analysis L L A

A The North East states of India (Arunachal Pradesh,

Under the rural management system of Ladakh, Tripura Mizoram Manipur Sikkim Meghalaya Nagaland State U U Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, N

N the daily milk yield of Ladakhi cow ranged from 2-5 0 Tripura

Sikkim and Tripura) representing 3.78% of N N litres. Average fat percentage, SNF, protein and 8.45432 0 Mizoram A

A crossbred cattle (0.934 million), 6.57% of 4.47216 4.70288 0 Manipur

lactose of Ladakhi cow milk was estimated to be R R Indigenous cattle (10.553 million) and 6.20% of

15.4032 6.35477 4.88826 0 Sikkim G

G 5.24±0.29, 8.99±0.11, 3.27±0.03, 4.92±0.07,

total Indian cattle (11.487 million) of the country. A A respectively. Lactation length of more than 300 2.51033 6.71094 2.03087 9.51618 0 Meghalaya B

B Information on cattle germ plasm from these

5.40603 4.72772 0.75504 5.11138 3.18107 0 Nagaland N N 16 RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS 17

Descriptive statistics of different cattle populations of NE States N O Trait/State Tripura Mizoram Manipur Sikkim Meghalaya Nagaland I

Body length 98.09±0.54a 109.03±1.39b 100.32±0.59a 106.32±1.40b 97.64±1.08a 105.11±0.97b AT

(136) (71) (176) (25) (95) (170) Z I Height at wither 93.93±0.44a 106.92±0.84bc 106.22±0.51b 114.20±1.55bd 100.90±0.95b 107.22±0.60b R

(136) (71) (176) (25) (95) (170) E

Typical Ladakhi Bull Typical Ladakhi Cow Horn length 10.87±0.50a 11.01±0.42a 11.85±0.38a 16.48±0.79b 9.94±0.63a 10.75±0.58a H

(126) (67) (157) (25) (95) (170) C of the animals the teats are cylindrical shaped with days was recorded in Ladakhi cows without any Ear length 19.47±0.24a 18.02±0.33b 19.59±0.17ac 18.24±0.26a 18.91±0.22a 20.45±0.23ad C (136) (71) (176) (25) (95) (170) I round tip. Hoof and tail switch are mostly black in problem of short lactation. The local farmers P Face length 35.30±0.20a 36.15±0.37a 38.06±0.23bc 40.88±0.75bd 38.08±0.47b 38.57±0.28b color. The tail of the Ladakhi cattle is long and informed that Ladakhi cows remain productive for Y almost touches the ground. The average body 10-12 lactations during its life span. Milk of Ladakhi (135) (71) (176) (25) (94) (170) T Tail length without switch 68.63±0.51a 68.54±1.07bc 74.31±0.50bd 75.56±2.29bd 68.61±0.97a 76.14±0.94bd O length, chest girth, height at wither, paunch girth, cow is consumed as such or converted to ghee, (136) (71) (173) (25) (90) (170) N horn circumference and length; ear length, face butter or churpi. Allelic proﬁle of A1/A2 allele of E length and width; in adult Ladakhi cows (age 5 beta casein locus ascertained in 85 Ladakhi H years and more) were recorded to be 88.48± 0.56, animals revealed the higher frequency (0.90) of states are very scanty in the literature and they are and manure. Animals were reared mainly on P 110.89± 3.09; 91.27± 0.41; 109.39± 3.44; 10.34± 0.18, A2 allele. Similar to other Indicine breeds included in non-descript category except Siri extensive system of management i.e. mostly 14.21± 0.15; 14.21± 0.15; 35.90± 0.38 and 14.89± 0.13 frequency of A2A2 genotype (0.79) was more cattle of Sikkim. An attempt has been made to grazing, very few farmers provided supplement respectively. The tail length with and without followed by heterozygous A1A2 (0.21) and none of record variability available in indigenous cattle of feeding. Most of the cattle were farm born. switch in adult Ladakhi cows is 85.09± 1.09, 62.55± the Ladakhi animal showed homozygous A1A1 the region. Study incorporated 218 cattle of Breeding was natural and no indigenous cattle 0.60 cm, respectively. genotype. The data indicated Ladakhi cattle as Meghalaya, 269 of Nagaland and 68 Siri cattle of semen was available in veterinary hospitals. natural resource for A2 milk. The frequency of B Sikkim. Number of Siri cattle declined drastically Animal houses were made of tin roof and wood The average herd size of Ladakhi cattle amongst variant of kappa casein (associated with milk from 79000 to 12171 during the years 2003 to 2012 stick. There was no wall and drainage system. households surveyed was 4.3 heads with a range protein, fat yield and cheese making properties) and breed falls in risk under vulnerable category of Animals were smaller to moderate in size with of 1-14 animals including both the sexes. During and B allele of beta-lactglobulin (associated with risk status. In Meghalaya population of indigenous cylindrical type of body. The coat colour varies i.e. day time in summer, the animals are generally kept fat, protein, total solid content and cheese yield) cattle (8.66 lakhs) is static during the years 2007- brown, grey and black but brown colour in open type of housing while during night and was also higher in Ladkhi cattle as compared to 12, while it declined in Nagaland (1.06 lakhs) by predominates except Siri in Sikkim. Birth weight winter season, the animals are mostly kept in other indicine breeds. 50.88% during the same period. Cattle in this and adult body weight ranged from 10-20 kg and closed houses to provide shelter to the animals region were reared for milk, meat, bullock power 150-250 kg in cows and 200-350 kg in bull/bullocks, from extreme cold and wind. Most often, animal As a general practice, the farmers keep 2-4 housing is separate from owner’s house but in few breedable cows and use village bulls for breeding cases it is also part of owner’s dwellings. The of their cows. Two or three good quality males closed housing has poor sanitation without (lungto) are kept in the village for the breeding proper drainage and also has no ventilation or purpose. In the entire area surveyed, breeding in light facility. The animals are generally left for Ladakhi cattle is through natural mating while 7

7 grazing after morning milking and return to their grazing in jungle or hill top. The average age at ﬁrst 1 1 -

- respective home in evening. As a general feeding calving and age at which bull start serving is round 6 6 practice, one person of the community (in 48 months. The Ladakhi cattle is observed to be a 1 1 0 0

rotation) accompanies all the animals of the seasonal and regular breeder. Invariably, the 2 2

village to grazing area for whole of the day. The females of Ladakhi cattle give birth every year and T T R

R lactating cows additionally provided with feed produce a total of 10-14 calves in its life span. O

O Siri cattle of Sikkim Tho-Tho cattle of Nagaland called Thuchu that includes left over of the food P P

Indigenous Cattle of Sikkim, Meghalaya and E

E (rice/raw vegetables/sattu etc.) along with local R

R Nagaland states

barley straw. Mahalanobis distances between different breeds/populations by Canonical discriminate analysis L L A

A The North East states of India (Arunachal Pradesh,

Under the rural management system of Ladakh, Tripura Mizoram Manipur Sikkim Meghalaya Nagaland State U U Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, N

N the daily milk yield of Ladakhi cow ranged from 2-5 0 Tripura

Sikkim and Tripura) representing 3.78% of N N litres. Average fat percentage, SNF, protein and 8.45432 0 Mizoram A

A crossbred cattle (0.934 million), 6.57% of 4.47216 4.70288 0 Manipur lactose of Ladakhi cow milk was estimated to be R R Indigenous cattle (10.553 million) and 6.20% of

15.4032 6.35477 4.88826 0 Sikkim G

G 5.24±0.29, 8.99±0.11, 3.27±0.03, 4.92±0.07, total Indian cattle (11.487 million) of the country. A A respectively. Lactation length of more than 300 2.51033 6.71094 2.03087 9.51618 0 Meghalaya B

B Information on cattle germ plasm from these

5.40603 4.72772 0.75504 5.11138 3.18107 0 Nagaland N N NBAGR ANNUAL REPORT 2016-17 18 individuals r correctly that diﬀerent c Meghalaya m s p M t height Multi- bigger c land A days, ranged service 10 kg, whileSiriproducingmoremilkandgoesupto respectively. h e h a o o Err

Nagaland

Meghalaya

Sikkim

Manipur

Mizoram

T S a e pair s a otal o rip t tat w p kg. t t s x h w or u l

e ara s e in i e a indigenous o l e m 120-180

V a

l f d c c of at The 5-6 ariate t o a than

u from a i l

period, n f o a t t m t

cattle by wither h bullock n s o t h N hours. l less e s s

a e b age and a i

88% d t the

ﬁ i Daily b g days p

s p i discriminate c 28-42 c s a y o

o than a a t populations

l Cattle ofMeghalaya d p at a p is dry and indigenous t T t a C Individual cowsclassiedintodifferentpopulationsofNEstates cattle i It u t n i may u ripura s n a o milk and l the 0.2619 (18.88) 119 (1.43) 2 (14.44) 13

0 (5.19) 8 (4.48) 3 (73.81) 93 T RESEARCH l d e l ﬁrst t n was a c ripura a n 80%. months,

o t t e Tho- period

o a n i i n b s o o most 15-20 n plough f yield c i

n y n observed c d of calving, e ( S lowest

It s a s Tho

1 s i

c l

k S 5

may

o r Sikkim w analysis k i d ranged . months, diﬀerentiating b o k of f cattle and 0 i 0.2836 (10.75) 68 (2.86) 4 (6.67) 6

0 (5.19) 8 (71.64) 48 (1.59) 2 Mizoram i e

150-210 m k of e s s 4 n around r k s c t NE

e be o ) r

i w Nagaland a m lactation (2.51).

v r m calving n that a a t e a concluded

states h (Siri) d of s n i from e l w n

i s showed

d respectively. d n a days, e i T e Meghalaya. g

a t

indigenous a 0.5 r r e c n i d t e s Individual p

a i e assigned t 1.0

o u showed a

ﬀ interval t d s acre by A length, 0.4805 (16.61) 105 (5.71) 10 (7.78) 7 (4.00) 1 (51.95) 80 (4.48) 3 (3.17) 4 Manipur r n s n t trait 90-120 l e

a i t to l a

g t a

e r i CCOMPLISHMENT l 82%, that that h h h t e n y

5.0 e e t s a o n t of in l s i i o d y s r t f . 1 a s o a w a R o p 9 l K Konkan R characteristics Konkan Konkan breed. region. s S a . i e n n n i 5 n h 0.1200 (5.85) 37 (1.43) 2 (4.44) 4 (88.00) 22 (3.25) 5 (5.97) 4

0 Sikkim f o a a g 7 k r e

x d d % i t

e i i 0 n n h r m 6

g K n

n e k

i s o g o 1 0 a ﬁ a a o b

a o ) a 1 f d s r f 9 c g n

n l n u

o t c m s a ,

i a t y The S u k a

l r o cattle region Tho- u , r n h cattle l l p i

i R o n a d e o y , n k p w t e

i r n z i g S i a l c c k s m

e s y p e h i

t i t

k t i . n c d

o results m 0.3889 (16.77) 106 (5.71) 10 (61.11) 55 (4.00) 1 (8.44) Tho 13 (10.45) 7 (15.87) 20 Meghalaya h n o i d

r i a s t h d c d

n e

o a t . , u o l of

T h a

s a h also.

are g o g ﬀ - o t a n 0 P r m

l u e f i i b

i f a e n Maharashtra

r h . o n e

can c d 1

M 9 e c e i M r d 6 3 y a

c Konkan Cow u e t t distributed 3 l

a s 5 a 0 t l a o e

r a n r were

u T i t v

n i % g h o c r h n y c t c l h d be e i e d

a f o

a o z g a o o e t r

r a r w n u

i a r a h f a - M d a S n t a T t

d r n g registered a s s i s i 0.1714 (31.17) 113 (82.86) 142 (5.56) 5 (4.00) 1 (25.97) 40 (2.99) 2 (5.56) 7 Nagaland

t r g e i h o supported n

1 a h g t

n e a h h R a

. o s n d h t S t i

i e t 8 a t n

n r h o

s r o h a w

s f 3 i a d a d o t t g e

u t r

d o o in

o i a h f c o a a s r d 1 g

i t r c d t n m o e 1 d s f ﬀ u e a e N a 8 k Thane,

h d

w w n l e r

t K s

a t g e b G o l ( r i c s h o g r e i z l 1 e

, as u v a s , u a o r

a n r e -

c d by n o e l t e 3 0 e

s a l l k

a t i a s s t

. e 0.2844 632 s 170 90 25 154 67 126 T

s . a l a c

t r s

/ t otal 7 e y n t

t D a e t b o t o n Palghar, d physical a a e 4 r

d l distinct a g c u a e l

i c i o t s a

l c s

t o e t c l e

k b e

( e f t r l t w a r a 6 o

c 1

u s s s a d a

1 t i t t e c .

. f l c . n t n . 3 e e h

l o o k 0 o r I e t l s 8 d d d d n e e e s s f r 1 f , .

Figures inparenthesesindicaterangeand Nisnumberofobservations b b t c t b f t l f a 7 a s i a n a u a h h o h n 2 g o v u r r

Ear Length

Horn Cir

Horn Length

Height atwither

Chest Gir

Body Length T c p r l ail withoutswit ail Withswit r i ace width ace length o rait % aunch Gir u e e i a l a l n c t m o m l u /

r w ) a i

s k h t c u l t c

f . e a t a . a c a a

n a e g

i T r p l n T n b n h e l s r i

s h f h s h r i d g m l

o e cumfer

m o e e h th o e a w e

n f a d 0 d

l th n c

. a a r n s a g . r , u r

o t

o 9 t o l ch

l e i s h T r c s g u l m a o 8 e

s d a Means (cms)alongwithS.Esformorpho-metrictraitsofKonkancattle t e

h ence r r t o

f o

ch i s a a s

a w a

c o

e m c ﬀ i ﬀ s l ( z f l a r s n s o

a 4 e e e i t a l e

b l v s a s RESEARCH (49-98) N=184 67.82±0.56 (59-108) N=198 85.37±0.59 (14-25) N=204 18.30±0.13 (8-24) N=176 14.11±0.21 (4-40) N=199 19.82±0.54 (14-28) N=203 19.43±0.14 (35-49) N=204 41.09±0.19 (120-170) N=204 141.05±0.71 (88-158) N=204 100.78±0.50 (117-162) N=204 134.10±0.60 (84-117) N=204 101.48±0.41 Cow 5 e r s h o d s r Konkan Bull l g e

. d a

a y e u e 1 2

s e c d t t p s n i -

r % f n . n 2 o i l t e

a t n o b o o

A . e g

i d 5 d p g r n u i f s m

t t n n

i d

g l e h a a i k e i n l w o

. l m o y

n n d e

g n i c e g f

G n i c d i

o a t t m s

s k

o r t i h a t

l s w r t o

a h s s y 5 f a n

h e r o

. z

f l a s p 3 a a l

i o c s i

r t m

% T d r n w e p (47-92) N=145 72.12±0.68 (58-115) N=160 92.10±0.85 (13-24) N=164 18.45±0.14 (9-28) N=147 19.05±0.25 (4-50) N=161 23.91±0.67 (18-28) N=163 23.13±0.15 (31-50) N=164 44.70±0.25 (102-186) N=164 151.71±1.07 (85-121) N=164 106.54±0.53 (110-179) N=164 146.55±0.95 (81-132) N=164 109.29±0.63 Bulls/Bullock c o

a c

a e w

h g a a e

h a n s n

f e y

( l k a

l e a c a o l m i i d 6 , s

y e s s m h e d n

r m

6 p m a h n g o , d t a a 4 a

d t % o h t e

u e

v e n m 4

l r e ) e w o n A l s a s t r a d . o

u i

9 s e n i

i u t n e m

l w c m

d r a w e

% CCOMPLISHMENT p v g 4 l a a p

b o

i e

e 5 l a l t t o o o u i i l w l l r o n h n e % y y s s t r f f ,

(35-83) N=65 60.54±1.20 (39-105) N=67 76.93±1.53 (14-23) N=67 17.54±0.22 (5-22) N=44 15.00±0.62 (2-48) N=52 13.60±1.34 (16-27) N=67 21.03±0.31 (29-49) N=67 38.82±0.52 (92-159) N=66 124.42±1.96 (56-111) N=67 94.60±1.13 (81-150) N=67 119.75±1.91 (59-117) N=67 92.43±1.36 Y oung Male d c o T 1 p a p w c s c b m t w b o m s f c b c w b b 7 o i u l o o a o t r e h e r p u a u r u u p i e h a e .

o o r g i r e t a m s l r c 2 e t l l e l e s ﬁ o r e v d i s t l l l i e d h s

s k a 1 t r s s s o e

. n l i i

p r h u i ± t e r t

a e u t v w n / . / u m a s

d t 2 a v

b a e b

r l 0 T

t s

e c

t a m y n

. l o a i c o

a s u m . u i

h y t

d o o 2

t w a s 3 i s r t T o r i c d

l f i l

m e c

3 o n f

r l 5

o a l f a h

m n e o b

o i o m e

o n s

n . l m n l w t a e a r m

l o

c h a n v

k d c

s r e ,

h e i

o l i

k U i

. d i k x u o a u c i g n e s s h (41-85) N=68 59.69±0.95 (45-98) N=70 75.79±1.17 (14-21) N=70 17.39±0.20 (9-19) N=29 12.41±0.49 (1-28) N=44 9.95±0.97 (15-25) N=70 17.91±0.23 (28-48) N=70 37.57±0.44 (91-146) N=70 121.81±1.61 (74-106) N=70 93.06±0.90 (86-140) N=70 118.09±1.44 (67-110) N=70 90.73±1.00 Y

o l n

c z e a f ) a

s t y s e oung Female

z d m f q

. o T o

y e n g

n a

)

a n s . v o a z d d h u h l b t

t ,

c s t i F - p i r w i e l i T

r r

h 6 n e u n e a o m e t m h e a e c

e c

. a h a s b

s d t

i r a o o a s l a a a w c n

e a a t a , s e i

i n T l o r . n

t e v l l w o a u n a c

d l

n l 2

v i s h

f s l a e e c T w s t w w c d s h 2

i d

e e

e a n

n n a r d h

k a e h 6 c w

a v a s e

l l i

b g (

e n t a

d d u . i m

h ( s e g w r m e 5 i a t a a e w

r d 2 t m e

o r e e e p 3 s r i i r o n a e r s e 3

n f l ,

w i o e o

e r ± e

o l

t d d u s o r r % S t d s s w n 4

d a h r 6 t

b e a t p e l e

a t

m r a

y s s 9 a e m r . i n a

w n r a u

i r

n a c 2 m a

l p / l p . e

r v a (13-68) N=96 41.47±0.95 (19-84) N=104 50.24±1.20 (7-19) N=104 14.52± 0.24 (10-14) N=2 12.00±1.41 (2-10) N=10 4.00±0.91 (10-26) N=104 15.11±0.24 s (16-39) N=104 27.69±0.49 (45-122) N=104 83.57±1.66 (52-96) N=104 72.91±1.03 (48-120) N=104 82.13±1.53 (40-95) N=104 66.85±1.21 Calves i s t i y m a l 2 e w o l 2

a i e m m o a t s e

c a o h

g l

a 7

d l m n l r g

h o t i w i o d e l d s

e h l h ± d x a n a

i i d e l a

a u o r , i w o i i

s t a a e l e , l t n

n l i e v n s

n , r m s k n e i t a e n r

. d u r s

g n e a

5 e i

s g d e s d o p

s p s

i s 6 o w a r y t 9 m n o e l

/ r i

t n r t p s a w a f o z n

i o r . s l m 5 r e i i s a r

e b c

u m a e a

z d t a T l m a o d K

% l b n n y u c c l h z ; a e i e c

h r o e o u u

g o )

2 d t r t . z a l r d t

b e t f i a .

o t n c n h 6 n g

l i v l w

e m e u w

l a T t t l a d w t T a t a % e k e a t

i i a

r i n h n o o n h e i h g a

e l c e t o t n t i i l a i y s d d o d n n d n n n h n e e e e k k l s s r . , , l l

NBAGR ANNUAL REPORT 2016-17 PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION 19 NBAGR ANNUAL REPORT 2016-17 18 individuals r correctly that diﬀerent c Meghalaya m s p M t height Multi- bigger c land A days, ranged service 10 kg, whileSiriproducingmoremilkandgoesupto respectively. h e h a o o Err

Nagaland

Meghalaya

Sikkim

Manipur

Mizoram

T S a e pair s a otal o rip t tat w p kg. t t s x h w or u l

e ara s e in i e a indigenous o l e m 120-180

V a

l f d c c of at The 5-6 ariate t o a than

u from a i l

period, n f o a t t m t

cattle by wither h bullock n s o t h N hours. l less e s s

a e b age and a i

88% d t the

ﬁ i Daily b g days p

s p i discriminate c 28-42 c s a y o

o than a a t populations

0 (5.19) 8 (4.48) 3 (73.81) 93 T RESEARCH l d e l ﬁrst t n was a c ripura a n 80%. months,

o t t e Tho- period

o a n i i n b s o o most 15-20 n plough f yield c i

n y n observed c d of calving, e ( S lowest

It s a s Tho

1 s i

c l

k S 5

may

o r Sikkim w analysis k i d ranged . months, diﬀerentiating b o k of f cattle and 0 i 0.2836 (10.75) 68 (2.86) 4 (6.67) 6

0 (5.19) 8 (71.64) 48 (1.59) 2 Mizoram i e

150-210 m k of e s s 4 n around r k s c t NE

e be o ) r

i w Nagaland a m lactation (2.51).

v r m calving n that a a t e a concluded

states h (Siri) d of s n i from e l w n

i s showed

d respectively. d n a days, e i T e Meghalaya. g

a t

indigenous a 0.5 r r e c n i d t e s Individual p

a i e assigned t 1.0

o u showed a

ﬀ interval t d s acre by A length, 0.4805 (16.61) 105 (5.71) 10 (7.78) 7 (4.00) 1 (51.95) 80 (4.48) 3 (3.17) 4 Manipur r n s n t trait 90-120 l e

a i t to l a

g t a

e r i CCOMPLISHMENT l 82%, that that h h h t e n y

0 Sikkim f o a a g 7 k r e

x d d % i t

e i i 0 n n h r m 6

g K n

n e k

i s o g o 1 0 a ﬁ a a o b

a o ) a 1 f d s r f 9 c g n

n l n u

o t c m s a ,

i a t y The S u k a

l r o cattle region Tho- u , r n h cattle l l p i

i R o n a d e o y , n k p w t e

i r n z i g S i a l c c k s m

e s y p e h i

t i t

k t i . n c d

o results m 0.3889 (16.77) 106 (5.71) 10 (61.11) 55 (4.00) 1 (8.44) Tho 13 (10.45) 7 (15.87) 20 Meghalaya h n o i d

r i a s t h d c d

n e

o a t . , u o l of

T h a

s a h also.

are g o g ﬀ - o t a n 0 P r m

l u e f i i b

i f a e n Maharashtra

r h . o n e

can c d 1

M 9 e c e i M r d 6 3 y a

c Konkan Cow u e t t distributed 3 l

a s 5 a 0 t l a o e

r a n r were

u T i t v

n i % g h o c r h n y c t c l h d be e i e d

a f o

a o z g a o o e t r

r a r w n u

i a r a h f a - M d a S n t a T t

d r n g registered a s s i s i 0.1714 (31.17) 113 (82.86) 142 (5.56) 5 (4.00) 1 (25.97) 40 (2.99) 2 (5.56) 7 Nagaland

t r g e i h o supported n

1 a h g t

n e a h h R a

. o s n d h t S t i

i e t 8 a t n

n r h o

s r o h a w

s f 3 i a d a d o t t g e

u t r

d o o in

o i a h f c o a a s r d 1 g

i t r c d t n m o e 1 d s f ﬀ u e a e N a 8 k Thane,

h d

w w n l e r

t K s

a t g e b G o l ( r i c s h o g r e i z l 1 e

, as u v a s , u a o r

a n r e -

c d by n o e l t e 3 0 e

s a l l k

a t i a s s t

. e 0.2844 632 s 170 90 25 154 67 126 T

s . a l a c

t r s

/ t otal 7 e y n t

t D a e t b o t o n Palghar, d physical a a e 4 r

d l distinct a g c u a e l

i c i o t s a

l c s

t o e t c l e

k b e

( e f t r l t w a r a 6 o

c 1

u s s s a d a

1 t i t t e c .

. f l c . n t n . 3 e e h

l o o k 0 o r I e t l s 8 d d d d n e e e s s f r 1 f , .

Figures inparenthesesindicaterangeand Nisnumberofobservations b b t c t b f t l f a 7 a s i a n a u a h h o h n 2 g o v u r r

Ear Length

Horn Cir

Horn Length

Height atwither

Chest Gir

Body Length T c p r l ail withoutswit ail Withswit r i ace width ace length o rait % aunch Gir u e e i a l a l n c t m o m l u /

r w ) a i

s k h t c u l t c

f . e a t a . a c a a

n a e g

i T r p l n T n b n h e l s r i

s h f h s h r i d g m l

o e cumfer

m o e e h th o e a w e

n f a d 0 d

l th n c

. a a r n s a g . r , u r

o t

o 9 t o l ch

l e i s h T r c s g u l m a o 8 e

s d a Means (cms)alongwithS.Esformorpho-metrictraitsofKonkancattle t e

h ence r r t o

f o

ch i s a a s

a w a

c o

e m c ﬀ i ﬀ s l ( z f l a r s n s o

a 4 e e e i t a l e

. d a

a y e u e 1 2

s e c d t t p s n i -

r % f n . n 2 o i l t e

a t n o b o o

A . e g

i d 5 d p g r n u i f s m

t t n n

i d

g l e h a a i k e i n l w o

. l m o y

n n d e

g n i c e g f

G n i c d i

o a t t m s

s k

o r t i h a t

l s w r t o

a h s s y 5 f a n

h e r o

. z

f l a s p 3 a a l

i o c s i

r t m

a c

a e w

h g a a e

h a n s n

f e y

( l k a

l e a c a o l m i i d 6 , s

y e s s m h e d n

r m

6 p m a h n g o , d t a a 4 a

d t % o h t e

u e

v e n m 4

l r e ) e w o n A l s a s t r a d . o

u i

9 s e n i

i u t n e m

l w c m

d r a w e

% CCOMPLISHMENT p v g 4 l a a p

b o

i e

e 5 l a l t t o o o u i i l w l l r o n h n e % y y s s t r f f ,

o o r g i r e t a m s l r c 2 e t l l e l e s ﬁ o r e v d i s t l l l i e d h s

s k a 1 t r s s s o e

. n l i i

p r h u i ± t e r t

a e u t v w n / . / u m a s

d t 2 a v

b a e b

r l 0 T

t s

e c

t a m y n

. l o a i c o

a s u m . u i

h y t

d o o 2

t w a s 3 i s r t T o r i c d

l f i l

m e c

3 o n f

r l 5

o a l f a h

m n e o b

o i o m e

o n s

n . l m n l w t a e a r m

l o

c h a n v

k d c

s r e ,

h e i

o l i

k U i

o l n

c z e a f ) a

s t y s e oung Female

z d m f q

. o T o

y e n g

n a

)

a n s . v o a z d d h u h l b t

t ,

c s t i F - p i r w i e l i T

r r

h 6 n e u n e a o m e t m h e a e c

e c

. a h a s b

s d t

i r a o o a s l a a a w c n

e a a t a , s e i

i n T l o r . n

t e v l l w o a u n a c

d l

n l 2

v i s h

f s l a e e c T w s t w w c d s h 2

i d

e e

e a n

n n a r d h

k a e h 6 c w

a v a s e

l l i

b g (

e n t a

d d u . i m

h ( s e g w r m e 5 i a t a a e w

r d 2 t m e

o r e e e p 3 s r i i r o n a e r s e 3

n f l ,

w i o e o

e r ± e

o l

t d d u s o r r % S t d s s w n 4

d a h r 6 t

b e a t p e l e

a t

m r a

y s s 9 a e m r . i n a

w n r a u

i r

n a c 2 m a

l p / l p . e

a i e m m o a t s e

c a o h

g l

a 7

d l m n l r g

h o t i w i o d e l d s

e h l h ± d x a n a

i i d e l a

a u o r , i w o i i

s t a a e l e , l t n

n l i e v n s

n , r m s k n e i t a e n r

. d u r s

g n e a

5 e i

s g d e s d o p

s p s

i s 6 o w a r y t 9 m n o e l

/ r i

t n r t p s a w a f o z n

i o r . s l m 5 r e i i s a r

e b c

u m a e a

z d t a T l m a o d K

% l b n n y u c c l h z ; a e i e c

h r o e o u u

g o )

2 d t r t . z a l r d t

b e t f i a .

o t n c n h 6 n g

l i v l w

e m e u w

l a T t t l a d w t T a t a % e k e a t

i i a

r i n h n o o n h e i h g a

e l c e t o t n t i i l a i y s d d o d n n d n n n h n e e e e k k l s s r . , , l l

NBAGR ANNUAL REPORT 2016-17 PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION 19 20 RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS 21

Bargur Buffalo of Tamil Nadu month, 6-month and 12-month of age were 4.0, (TL) were 72.51± 0.38, 72.93 ± 0.35, 86.88 ± 0.58, N O

23.8, 34.1 and 48.6 kg in male lambs and 3.5, 88.55 ± 0.69, 20.29 ± 0.10, 9.69 ± 0.10, 17.64 ± I Bargur buffaloes are being maintained by 21.6, 31.0 and 44.3 kg in female in Mouli 0.13 and 20.56 ± 0.26 cm respectively. Body Burgur Lingayat an indigenous Kanada speaking AT

whereas, the corresponding body weights were weight (BW) of lambs in the age groups of 0-1, 1- Z

community in the Bargur villages of Anthiyoor I 2.0, 18.2, 28.2 and 43.6 kg in male lambs and 2.5, 3, 3-6 and 9-12 months were ranges between 6- taluk in Erode district of western Tamil Nadu. The R 15.6, 21.5 and 29.4 kg in female in Yalaga. 13, 10-28, 15-34 and 28-51 kg respectively. The E

buffaloes are good in climbing hills and can T length of ear ranges from 14 to 23 cm. The fleece graze easily in hill terrain or in slopes. Bargur Chitarangi Sheep of Rajasthan C

of Chitarangi is of good carpet quality. The fibre A buffaloes are medium in size with coat colors The survey of Chitarangi sheep was conducted in diameter (micron), medulation% and staple R

varying from black to light brown and brownish A Ghadsana and Anupgarh tehsil of Sriganganagar length were 42.22 ± 0.10, 56.60 ± 4.22 and 5.90 black. The animals are maintained under zero Mouli Ram H

district of Rajasthan. The villages surveyed were ± 0.32 respectively. C input system of rearing where they were allowed

Mouli sheep are tall with deep body and long Shamaki, Anupnagar and 18MD of Anupgarh C

Dumba Sheep of Rajasthan I legs. Average body weight, length, height at Tehsil and 3MLD, 3GM Jantawali and 3GD of P

wither and chest girth were 41.4±1.43 kg, Ghadasana Tehsil. During the survey body Dumba is found mainly in Jaipur, Nagour and Y

cm and 89.7±0.9 cm in rams. Coat colour is white adults and 91 lambs) were recorded from 18 tehsil of Punjab and some parts especially E with or without brown spots/patches. A brown farmerʼs flock. Chitarangi is a carpet wool type Sitapur and Muzzfarnagar districts of UP. Main H P ring is present around the eyes. Nose line is roman. About 0.8% ewes and 25% rams were Body weight (kg) and biometry (cm) of adult Chitarangi sheep recorded as horned. Traits N BW BL Height CG PG FL FW EL TL Bargur Buﬀalo Yalaga animals are medium to large sized. Overall 121 48.05 ± 72.51 72.93 86.88 88.55 20.29 9.69 17.64 20.56 Average body weight, length, height at wither and 1.10 ±0.38 ± 0.35 ±0.58 ± 0.69 ± 0.10 ± 0.06 ± 0.13 ± 0.26 to graze in the forest area. The animals are Sex ** ** ** * NS ** ** NS ** chest girth were 33.9±0.5 kg, 69.2±0.5 cm, 74.0± housed either in a separate enclosure adjacent Male 24 55.25 76.13 77.17 89.17 91.17 21.50 10.42 18.04 22.42 0.3 cm and 77.3±0.3 cm in ewes, and 55.0±0.7 kg, to the farmersʼ house (80%) or in the harvested ± 2.80 ±1.05 ± 0.75 ± 1.32 ± 1.46 ± 0.26 ± 0.16 ± 0.38 ± 0.61 77.8±0.6 cm, 83.2±0.5 cm and 89.9±0.5 cm in fields with enclosures (20%). The animals are Female 97 46.25 71.62 71.89 83.32 87.91 19.99 9.51 17.55 20.10 rams. Coat colour is white and consisted of small ± 1.10 ± 0.35 ± 0.31 ± 0.63 ± 0.77 ± 0.08 ± 0.06 ± 0.14 ± 0.26 about 102.10±1.23 cm in height and are able to thick hair. Face is white, white with black or brown Range M 40-95 69-90 71-85 78-102 80-108 20-24 9-12 14-23 18-30 graze in the hilly terrain due its small size. The patches of varying size to complete black. Horns F 26-74 63-79 66-80 73-99 73-105 18-22 8-11 15-21 12-26 breeding males are called as Konan, majority of were present in 90% rams and 4 % ewes. Horns are the farmers (>95%) were practicing natural thick, corrugated and curved in rams. Tail is small sheep population, distributed in Fazilka & objective of rearing Dumba is for Qurbani mating of females with Konans. The animals are and thin. Udder is well developed. Muktsar districts of Punjab, Sri Ganga Nagar purpose/ earning of money during the Eid mainly reared for manure, milk and the male districts of Rajasthan and nearby areas. The Adult festival as they have great aesthetic and calves are sold for cara-beef. The milk yield of In Mouli, age at first lambing was about 13-18 body weight of males and females were 55.25 ± religious value. Fat-tailed sheep breeding is a the animals ranges from 1.5 to 2.0 liters per day months with a lambing rate of 70 to 80%. In 2.80 and 46.25 ± 1.10 kg, respectively which varies traditional and an important type of animal

and mainly used for house hold consumption in Yalaga, age at first lambing was 18-24 months. 7

7 from 40 to 95 kg in males and 26 to 74 kg in production in arid or semi-arid region. The coat 1 1 the form of curd and butter milk. The lambing percentage ranged from 70 to 95 % - - females. The overall body length (BL), height, colour is white and brown, however, some black 6 6 leading to a lambing interval of 12 to 16 months. 1

1 Lesser known Sheep Populations of chest girth (CG), paunch girth (PG), face length animals were also found. The patches of 0

0 Average estimated body weight at birth, 3-

(FL) , face width (FW), ear length and tail length different colors, shapes and sizes were also 2 2

Karnataka State

T T R

R Phenotypic and genetic characterization of O O

Mouli and Yalaga sheep populations of P P E E

Karnataka was accomplished under field R R

L conditions. Migration was reported in Mouli A A flocks from October/November to March/May. U U N

N Yalaga sheep are stationary. Sheep are N N

vaccinated against ET, PPR and FMD. The A A

farmers followed ITK for some common R R G G ailments like tympani, fracture, FMD etc. A A B B Yelga Ram Chitrangi Sheep Dumba Sheep N N 20 RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS 21

Bargur Buffalo of Tamil Nadu month, 6-month and 12-month of age were 4.0, (TL) were 72.51± 0.38, 72.93 ± 0.35, 86.88 ± 0.58, N O

whereas, the corresponding body weights were weight (BW) of lambs in the age groups of 0-1, 1- Z community in the Bargur villages of Anthiyoor I 2.0, 18.2, 28.2 and 43.6 kg in male lambs and 2.5, 3, 3-6 and 9-12 months were ranges between 6- taluk in Erode district of western Tamil Nadu. The R 15.6, 21.5 and 29.4 kg in female in Yalaga. 13, 10-28, 15-34 and 28-51 kg respectively. The E

buffaloes are good in climbing hills and can T length of ear ranges from 14 to 23 cm. The fleece graze easily in hill terrain or in slopes. Bargur Chitarangi Sheep of Rajasthan C

of Chitarangi is of good carpet quality. The fibre A buffaloes are medium in size with coat colors The survey of Chitarangi sheep was conducted in diameter (micron), medulation% and staple R

district of Rajasthan. The villages surveyed were ± 0.32 respectively. C input system of rearing where they were allowed

Mouli sheep are tall with deep body and long Shamaki, Anupnagar and 18MD of Anupgarh C

Dumba Sheep of Rajasthan I legs. Average body weight, length, height at Tehsil and 3MLD, 3GM Jantawali and 3GD of P

wither and chest girth were 41.4±1.43 kg, Ghadasana Tehsil. During the survey body Dumba is found mainly in Jaipur, Nagour and Y

77.0±0.8 cm, 79.3±0.5 cm, and 81.3± 0.7 cm in biometr y, phenotypic characters and Ajmer districts of Rajasthan. The animals of T O ewes, and 58.6±1.6 kg, 85.4±0.9 cm, 88.4±0.6 performance traits of about 212 animals (121 Dumba are also available in Delhi, Malerkotla N cm and 89.7±0.9 cm in rams. Coat colour is white adults and 91 lambs) were recorded from 18 tehsil of Punjab and some parts especially E with or without brown spots/patches. A brown farmerʼs flock. Chitarangi is a carpet wool type Sitapur and Muzzfarnagar districts of UP. Main H P ring is present around the eyes. Nose line is roman. About 0.8% ewes and 25% rams were Body weight (kg) and biometry (cm) of adult Chitarangi sheep recorded as horned. Traits N BW BL Height CG PG FL FW EL TL Bargur Buﬀalo Yalaga animals are medium to large sized. Overall 121 48.05 ± 72.51 72.93 86.88 88.55 20.29 9.69 17.64 20.56 Average body weight, length, height at wither and 1.10 ±0.38 ± 0.35 ±0.58 ± 0.69 ± 0.10 ± 0.06 ± 0.13 ± 0.26 to graze in the forest area. The animals are Sex ** ** ** * NS ** ** NS ** chest girth were 33.9±0.5 kg, 69.2±0.5 cm, 74.0± housed either in a separate enclosure adjacent Male 24 55.25 76.13 77.17 89.17 91.17 21.50 10.42 18.04 22.42 0.3 cm and 77.3±0.3 cm in ewes, and 55.0±0.7 kg, to the farmersʼ house (80%) or in the harvested ± 2.80 ±1.05 ± 0.75 ± 1.32 ± 1.46 ± 0.26 ± 0.16 ± 0.38 ± 0.61 77.8±0.6 cm, 83.2±0.5 cm and 89.9±0.5 cm in fields with enclosures (20%). The animals are Female 97 46.25 71.62 71.89 83.32 87.91 19.99 9.51 17.55 20.10 rams. Coat colour is white and consisted of small ± 1.10 ± 0.35 ± 0.31 ± 0.63 ± 0.77 ± 0.08 ± 0.06 ± 0.14 ± 0.26 about 102.10±1.23 cm in height and are able to thick hair. Face is white, white with black or brown Range M 40-95 69-90 71-85 78-102 80-108 20-24 9-12 14-23 18-30 graze in the hilly terrain due its small size. The patches of varying size to complete black. Horns F 26-74 63-79 66-80 73-99 73-105 18-22 8-11 15-21 12-26 breeding males are called as Konan, majority of were present in 90% rams and 4 % ewes. Horns are the farmers (>95%) were practicing natural thick, corrugated and curved in rams. Tail is small sheep population, distributed in Fazilka & objective of rearing Dumba is for Qurbani mating of females with Konans. The animals are and thin. Udder is well developed. Muktsar districts of Punjab, Sri Ganga Nagar purpose/ earning of money during the Eid mainly reared for manure, milk and the male districts of Rajasthan and nearby areas. The Adult festival as they have great aesthetic and calves are sold for cara-beef. The milk yield of In Mouli, age at first lambing was about 13-18 body weight of males and females were 55.25 ± religious value. Fat-tailed sheep breeding is a the animals ranges from 1.5 to 2.0 liters per day months with a lambing rate of 70 to 80%. In 2.80 and 46.25 ± 1.10 kg, respectively which varies traditional and an important type of animal

and mainly used for house hold consumption in Yalaga, age at first lambing was 18-24 months. 7

1 Lesser known Sheep Populations of chest girth (CG), paunch girth (PG), face length animals were also found. The patches of 0

0 Average estimated body weight at birth, 3-

(FL) , face width (FW), ear length and tail length different colors, shapes and sizes were also 2 2

Karnataka State

T T R

R Phenotypic and genetic characterization of O O

Mouli and Yalaga sheep populations of P P E E

Karnataka was accomplished under field R R

L conditions. Migration was reported in Mouli A A flocks from October/November to March/May. U U N

N Yalaga sheep are stationary. Sheep are N N

vaccinated against ET, PPR and FMD. The A A

farmers followed ITK for some common R R G G ailments like tympani, fracture, FMD etc. A A B B Yelga Ram Chitrangi Sheep Dumba Sheep N N 22 RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS 23

Body weight (kg) and biometry (cm) of adult Dumba Sheep N O

Traits N BW BL Height CG PG FL FW EL I Overall 64 73.79 73.89 77.97 95.14 96.36 21.56 9.56 18.75 AT ± 2.89 ±0.73 ± 0.64 ±0.92 ± 1.01 ± 0.24 ± 0.10 ± 0.28 Z Sex ** ** ** * * ** ** NS I Male 15 90.80 78.67 83.80 101.27 101.33 23.27 10.20 18.60 R E

± 5.53 ±1.44 ± 1.18 ± 1.90 ± 2.28 ± 0.32 ± 0.15 ± 0.41 T

Female 49 66.06 72.43 76.18 93.27 94.84 21.04 9.37 18.80 C

± 2.42 ± 0.74 ± 0.53 ± 0.90 ± 1.04 ± 0.25 ± 0.10 ± 0.35 A Range M 54-124 70-88 77-91 88-111 84-113 22-25 9-11 15-21 R F 47--96 65-86 66-84 81-109 80-108 19-29 8-11 9-26 A Nagaland long hair buck Nagaland Long Hair Doe H C noticed on body of Dumba sheep. The Discriminant analysis results showed that all the recorded through interaction with the goat 15.81±0.15, 8.44±0.53, 11.64±0.18, 9.50±0.16. C deposition of fat in the tail is distinct measured traits were significant (p<0.0001) in I keepers. Different colour variants viz. white with The average body weights (kg) in the age groups P

characteristics of this breed. Ears are large in discriminating the eight sheep breeds. They were Y black patches, black, brown with grey hair of of 1-3 month, 4-6 month, 7-12 month and adult size. The price of these animals is very high as found to have potential discriminatory power. The T

at the rate of Rs 60000 to 125000 and lambs @ Rs eight sheep breeds were highly significant (p < E proportionate body, straight nose line, for height at withers, body length, Chest/heart 25000-40000.The Adult body weight of males and 0.0001). The biggest was between Lonand and H

medium size, erected, horizontally placed ears. girth, paunch girth, face length, horn length, ear P females were 90.92 ± 6.39 and 66.33 ± 2.50 kg, Muzaffarnagri (81.0) and the least was between The horns in females are shorter, pointed, length and tail length in long hair adult male respectively which varies from 54 to 124 kg in Madgyal and Solapuri (1.3). The discriminant directed upward and then slightly backward goats were 48.43±1.52, 58.62±1.73, 71.24±2.21, males and 47 to 96 kg in females. The overall body analysis revealed that 453 (24.7%) individuals while that of males are thicker, longer, orienting 7 5 . 7 1 ± 2 . 2 0 , 1 6 . 1 9 ± 0 . 4 5 , 1 3 . 4 3 ± 1 . 7 4 , length, height, chest girth, paunch girth, face were misclassified in their source genetic groups. upward and backward. The wattles and beard 10.70±0.38, 9.71±0.29cm respectively whereas length, face width, ear length and tail length were The Marwari breed showed the least assignment are present in majority of goats. Muzzle is black/ for females the average measurements were 74.02± 0.79, 77.97 ± 0.68, 95.12 ± 0.94 96.44 ± error (0%) whilst the Solapuri sheep exhibited brown/ pinkish. The belly and legs below knee 4 5 . 7 1 ± 0 . 6 1 , 5 6 . 3 5 ± 0 . 8 1 , 6 8 . 7 1 ± 1 . 0 3 , 1.03, 21.42 ± 0.21, 9.51 ± 0.10 and 18.71 ± 0.30 cm maximum error level (44%). joint are black. The udder and teats are 77.44±1.40, 15.59±0.28, 7.79±0.71, 11.77±0.35, respectively. Body weight of lambs in the age The ANN model gave more than 99% assignment moderately developed. Udder is bowl shaped 9.24± 0.23cm respectively. The overall average groups of 1-3 and 3-6 months were ranges accuracy between various breed combinations of and teats are small and cone type. The under measurements irrespective of sex were between 11-32 and 23 -60 kg respectively. The Lonand, Solapuri, Madgyal, Kolhapuri and belly is black/white. Apart from long hair goats 4 6 . 7 5 ± 0 . 7 1 , 5 7 . 2 2 ± 0 . 8 3 , 6 9 . 6 7 ± 1 . 0 6 , animals are reared under intensive system of Sangamneri with Mar wari, Munjal and data was recorded on other kinds of goats 76.78±1.20, 15.82±0.24, 9.98±0.88, 11.35±0.27, feeding. Muzaffarnagri. The assignment accuracy between available in the districts visited. Goats, with 9.42±0.18cm respectively. The average body Classification of Indigenous Sheep based on breed combinations of Lonand, Solapuri, Madgyal, stripes on face were seen in Dimapur district. weight for adult males was 31.48±2.45kg and Morphometry using Classical and Heuristic Kolhapuri and Sangamneri varied between 68- The average measurements for height at females 25.79±1.05 kg. The overall body weight Methods 97%. Similarly the assignment accuracy of Munjal withers, body length, Chest/heart girth, paunch was 28.22±1.26 kg. Goats are maintained on and Muzaffarnagri breed were 84 and 90% girth, face length, horn length, ear length and extensive management by small and marginal Eight sheep breeds (Kolhapuri, Lonand, respectively. Overall, the ANN model performed tail length for adult Nagaland goats irrespective farmers. Goat houses are made of mud, Marwari, Munjal, Muzaffarnagri, Madgyal, 7 7 better than classical discriminant analysis. of their sex and colour were 46.12±0.45, concrete, bamboo sticks and wooden logs with 1 1 Sangamneri and Solapuri) were classified - - 5 6 . 9 4 ± 0 . 5 0 , 6 8 . 4 9 ± 0 . 6 6 , 7 7 . 7 7 ± 0 . 7 0 , no proper arrangement of electric and water 6 6 using Classical Discriminant Function Analysis Nagaland Long Hair Goat 1 1 supply. Goats depend on the local vegetation 0 0 and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model.

available in the jungle while at home they are fed 2 2 The study was focused to generate the data on

Sheep aging between 2-8 teeth, having been T T morphological, biometrical traits and with crushed maize. Goats love salt licking also. R R profiled on seven morphometric traits viz. The milk yield is 0.3 to 0.5 liters per day. The litter management of Nagaland long hair goat. Visits O O body weight, body length, height at withers, P P were taken to different parts of Zunheboto, size varies from 1 to 4. Hair obtained from the E E chest girth, paunch girth, ear length and tail R R Tuensang, Kiphire, Phek and plain area of Nagaland goats has commercial utility for the

length, were considered for the classification. L L D i m a p u r d i s t r i c t s o f N a g a l a n d a n d tribal people. It is used for beautification of A A ANN was tuned on number of hidden layers U U measurements were recorded from 255 animals garments, ornaments and weaponry. In view of N

N and number of neurons in each layer to consisting of different age groups of both sexes the distinct phenotype and commercial utility, N N provide better accuracy. The network was A A from 42 flocks belonging to different farmers. the long hair goat of Nagaland needs further designed with two hidden layers. Thirty R R Information on age at sexual maturity, age at Use of goat hair in ornaments and garments propagation and genetic improvement. G G experiments were conducted for each A A first conception, age at first kidding, kidding

combination of breeds. B B interval, gestation length, kidding pattern were N N 22 RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS 23

Body weight (kg) and biometry (cm) of adult Dumba Sheep N O

± 5.53 ±1.44 ± 1.18 ± 1.90 ± 2.28 ± 0.32 ± 0.15 ± 0.41 T

Female 49 66.06 72.43 76.18 93.27 94.84 21.04 9.37 18.80 C

long hair goats were seen. Long hair was present animals were 7.89±0.42, 12.97±0.39, 16.62±0.26 O claimed by sheep owners. Adult animals are sold Mahalanobis distances estimated between the in the adult males. Animals were having and 27.69±0.73 respectively. The mean values N at the rate of Rs 60000 to 125000 and lambs @ Rs eight sheep breeds were highly significant (p < E proportionate body, straight nose line, for height at withers, body length, Chest/heart 25000-40000.The Adult body weight of males and 0.0001). The biggest was between Lonand and H

available in the jungle while at home they are fed 2 2 The study was focused to generate the data on

combination of breeds. B B interval, gestation length, kidding pattern were N N NBAGR ANNUAL REPORT 2016-17 24

Body weight (kg) and biometry (cm) of Nagaland Goats RESEARCH TRAITS Age Group

0 to 3 Months 4 to 6 Months 6 to 12 Months Adults ( > 18months)

Females (16) Male(22) Overall(38) Females (15) Male(17) Overall (32) Females(9) Male(12) Overall (21) Females (86) Male (23) Overall (109)

HW 30.73±1.46 33.63±0.89 32.44±0.83 37.33±1.00 37.75±0.84 33.75±0.64 42.11±1.31 41.50±0.60 41.76±0.64 45.32±0.41 48.65±1.40 46.12±0.45

BL 39.45±1.95 41.19±0.63 40.48±0.87 45.53±1.21 46.00±0.61 45.77±0.66 49.78± 1.04 49.08±1.17 49.38±0.79 56.27±0.49 58.87±1.52 56.94±0.50 A CCOMPLISHMENT CG 46.09±2.21 47.56±0.75 46.96±0.99 52.87±1.09 52.81±1.08 52.84±0.75 57.22±1.39 58.58±0.91 58.00±0.78 67.52± .62 71.61±1.98 68.49±0.66

PG 48.55±2.20 54.63±1.19 52.15±1.26 58.53±1.45 57.88±1.59 58.19±1.06 65.33±0.97 65.42±1.12 65.38±0.75 77.81±0.75 75.70±2.07 77.77±0.70

FL 11.36±0.49 11.44± 0.22 11.41±0.23 12.80±0.30 12.19±0.26 12.48±0.20 14.00±0.53 13.83±0.53 13.90±0.37 16.49±0.84 16.30±0.43 15.81±0.15

HL 1.68±0.32 1.88±0.20 1.80±0.17 2.80±0.70 3.00±0.24 2.90±0.35 4.56± 0.63 5.42±0.65 5.05±0.46 7.14±0.43 13.13±1.60 8.44±0.53

EL 8.91±0.39 8.73±0.47 8.81±0.31 9.79±0.21 9.75±0.31 9.77±0.19 11.75±0.49 9.75±0.49 10.55±0.41 11.96±0.30 11.05±0.40 11.64±0.18

TL 6.82± 0.44 7.13±0.31 7.00±0.26 7.27±0.33 8.38±0.52 7.84±0.32 8.78±0.46 8.92±0.36 8.86±0.28 9.48± 0.19 9.65±0.34 9.50±0.16

B.wt 7.31±0.77 8.32±0.47 7.89±0.42 12.87±0.63 13.06±0.50 12.97±0.39 16.67±0.44 16.58±0.34 16.62±0.26 26.39±0.64 31.87±2.14 27.69±0.73 S

HW-Height at withers, BL- Body length, CG- Chest girth, PG- Paunch girth, FL- Face length, HL- Horn length, EL- Ear length, TL- Tail length, B.wt- Body weight Govt from a p r p ( ( l w t infestation d bispinosa ( s farmers Rathi, c D Malihabad Explorative Tick Genetic e o 7 e 4 t B o n u h o Horn Length Ear Length Body W T F TRAITS

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NBAGR ANNUAL REPORT 2016-17 CONSERVATION OF ANGR 25 NBAGR ANNUAL REPORT 2016-17 24