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Exploring Weak Scalability for FEM Calculations on a GPU-Enhanced Cluster
Exploring weak scalability for FEM calculations on a GPU-enhanced cluster Dominik G¨oddeke a,∗,1, Robert Strzodka b,2, Jamaludin Mohd-Yusof c, Patrick McCormick c,3, Sven H.M. Buijssen a, Matthias Grajewski a and Stefan Turek a aInstitute of Applied Mathematics, University of Dortmund bStanford University, Max Planck Center cComputer, Computational and Statistical Sciences Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory Abstract The first part of this paper surveys co-processor approaches for commodity based clusters in general, not only with respect to raw performance, but also in view of their system integration and power consumption. We then extend previous work on a small GPU cluster by exploring the heterogeneous hardware approach for a large-scale system with up to 160 nodes. Starting with a conventional commodity based cluster we leverage the high bandwidth of graphics processing units (GPUs) to increase the overall system bandwidth that is the decisive performance factor in this scenario. Thus, even the addition of low-end, out of date GPUs leads to improvements in both performance- and power-related metrics. Key words: graphics processors, heterogeneous computing, parallel multigrid solvers, commodity based clusters, Finite Elements PACS: 02.70.-c (Computational Techniques (Mathematics)), 02.70.Dc (Finite Element Analysis), 07.05.Bx (Computer Hardware and Languages), 89.20.Ff (Computer Science and Technology) ∗ Corresponding author. Address: Vogelpothsweg 87, 44227 Dortmund, Germany. Email: [email protected], phone: (+49) 231 755-7218, fax: -5933 1 Supported by the German Science Foundation (DFG), project TU102/22-1 2 Supported by a Max Planck Center for Visual Computing and Communication fellowship 3 Partially supported by the U.S. -
Lewis University Dr. James Girard Summer Undergraduate Research Program 2021 Faculty Mentor - Project Application
Lewis University Dr. James Girard Summer Undergraduate Research Program 2021 Faculty Mentor - Project Application Exploring the Use of High-level Parallel Abstractions and Parallel Computing for Functional and Gate-Level Simulation Acceleration Dr. Lucien Ngalamou Department of Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences Abstract System-on-Chip (SoC) complexity growth has multiplied non-stop, and time-to- market pressure has driven demand for innovation in simulation performance. Logic simulation is the primary method to verify the correctness of such systems. Logic simulation is used heavily to verify the functional correctness of a design for a broad range of abstraction levels. In mainstream industry verification methodologies, typical setups coordinate the validation e↵ort of a complex digital system by distributing logic simulation tasks among vast server farms for months at a time. Yet, the performance of logic simulation is not sufficient to satisfy the demand, leading to incomplete validation processes, escaped functional bugs, and continuous pressure on the EDA1 industry to develop faster simulation solutions. In this research, we will explore a solution that uses high-level parallel abstractions and parallel computing to boost the performance of logic simulation. 1Electronic Design Automation 1 1 Project Description 1.1 Introduction and Background SoC complexity is increasing rapidly, driven by demands in the mobile market, and in- creasingly by the fast-growth of assisted- and autonomous-driving applications. SoC teams utilize many verification technologies to address their complexity and time-to-market chal- lenges; however, logic simulation continues to be the foundation for all verification flows, and continues to account for more than 90% [10] of all verification workloads. -
Virtualization: Comparision of Windows and Linux
VIRTUALIZATION: COMPARISION OF WINDOWS AND LINUX Ms. Pooja Sharma Lecturer (I.T) PCE, Jaipur Email:[email protected] Charnaksh Jain IV yr (I.T) PCE, Jaipur [email protected] Abstract Full-Virtualization, Para-Virtualization, hyper- visior(Hyper-V), Guest Operating System, Host Virtualization as a concept is not new; computational Operating System. environment virtualization has been around since the first mainframe systems. But recently, the term 1. Introduction "virtualization" has become ubiquitous, representing any type of process obfuscation where a process is Virtualization provides a set of tools for increasing somehow removed from its physical operating flexibility and lowering costs, things that are environment. Because of this ambiguity, important in every enterprise and Information virtualization can almost be applied to any and all Technology organization. Virtualization solutions are parts of an IT infrastructure. For example, mobile becoming increasingly available and rich in features. device emulators are a form of virtualization because the hardware platform normally required to run the Since virtualization can provide significant benefits mobile operating system has been emulated, to your organization in multiple areas, you should be removing the OS binding from the hardware it was establishing pilots, developing expertise and putting written for. But this is just one example of one type virtualization technology to work now. of virtualization; there are many definitions of the In essence, virtualization increases flexibility by term "virtualization" floating around in the current decoupling an operating system and the services and lexicon, and all (or at least most) of them are correct, applications supported by that system from a specific which can be quite confusing. -
A Survey of Reconfigurable Processors
Hindawi Publishing Corporation VLSI Design Volume 2013, Article ID 683615, 18 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/683615 Review Article Ingredients of Adaptability: A Survey of Reconfigurable Processors Anupam Chattopadhyay MPSoC Architectures, UMIC Research Centre, RWTH Aachen University, Mies-van-der-Rohe Strasse 15, 52074 Aachen, Germany Correspondence should be addressed to Anupam Chattopadhyay; [email protected] Received 18 December 2012; Revised 14 May 2013; Accepted 1 June 2013 Academic Editor: Yann Thoma Copyright © 2013 Anupam Chattopadhyay. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For a design to survive unforeseen physical effects like aging, temperature variation, and/or emergence of new application standards, adaptability needs to be supported. Adaptability, in its complete strength, is present in reconfigurable processors, which makes it an important IP in modern System-on-Chips (SoCs). Reconfigurable processors have risen to prominence as a dominant computing platform across embedded, general-purpose, and high-performance application domains during the last decade. Significant advances have been made in many areas such as, identifying the advantages of reconfigurable platforms, their modeling, implementation flow and finally towards early commercial acceptance. This paper reviews these progresses from various perspectives with particular emphasis on fundamental challenges and their solutions. Empowered with the analysis of past, the future research roadmap is proposed. 1. Introduction Circuits (ASICs) in terms of flexibility and performance. Since this work, notable research has been done in accel- The changing technology landscape and fast evolution of erator design (application-specific processors), multicore application standards make it imperative for a design to homogeneous and heterogeneous System-on-Chip (SoC) be adaptable. -
Catalyst™ Software Suite Version 8.12 Release Notes
Catalyst™ Software Suite Version 8.12 Release Notes This release note provides information on the latest posting of AMD’s industry leading software suite, Catalyst™. This particular software suite updates both the AMD Display Driver, and the Catalyst™ Control Center. This unified driver has been further enhanced to provide the highest level of power, performance, and reliability. The AMD Catalyst™ software suite is the ultimate in performance and stability. This release note provides information on the following: • Web Content • AMD Product Support • Operating Systems Supported • New Features • Resolved Issues for the Windows Vista Operating System • Resolved Issues for the Windows XP Operating System • Known Issues Under the Windows Vista Operating System • Known Issues Under the Windows XP Operating System • Installing the Catalyst™ Vista Software Driver • Catalyst™ Crew Driver Feedback ATI Catalyst™ Release Note 1 Web Content The Catalyst™ Software Suite 8.12 contains the following: • Radeon™ display driver 8.561 • HydraVision™ for both Windows XP and Vista • HydraVision™ Basic Edition (Windows XP only) • WDM Driver Install Bundle • Southbridge/IXP Driver • Catalyst™ Control Center Version 8.561 Caution: The Catalyst™ software driver and the Catalyst™ Control Center can be downloaded independently of each other. However, for maximum stability and performance AMD recommends that both com- ponents be updated from the same Catalyst™ release Caution: The Catalyst™ Control Center requires that the Microsoft .NET Framework version 2.0 be installed. Without .NET version 2.0 installed, the Catalyst™ Control Center will not launch properly and the user will see an error message. Note: These release notes provide information on the Radeon™ dis- play driver only. -
AMD Catalyst™ 13.4 Windows® Release Notes • Back
Page 1 of 4 AMD Catalyst™ 13.4 Windows® Release Notes • Back Last Updated 7/9/2013 Article Number RN-WIN-C13.4 AMD Catalyst™ Software Suite Version 13.4 This article provides information on the latest posting of AMD’s Catalyst™ Software Suite, AMD Catalyst™ 13.4. This particular software suite updates the AMD Catalyst Display Driver and the AMD Catalyst Control Center / AMD Vision Engine Control Center. This unified driver has been updated, and is designed to provide enhanced performance and reliability. Package Contents The AMD Catalyst™ Software Suite, AMD Catalyst™ 13.4 contains the following: • AMD Catalyst™ Display Driver version 12.104 • HydraVision™ for Windows Vista® and Windows® 7 • Southbridge/IXP Driver • AMD Catalyst™ Control Center / AMD Vision Engine Control Center CAUTION! • The AMD Catalyst Control Center / AMD Vision Engine Control Center requires that the Microsoft® .NET Framework SP1 be installed for Windows Vista. Without .NET SP1 installed, the AMD Catalyst Control Center / AMD Vision Engine Control Center will not launch properly and the user will see an error message NOTES! • When installing the AMD Catalyst Driver for Windows operating system, the user must be logged on as Administrator, or have Administrator rights to complete the installation of the AMD Catalyst Driver • The AMD Catalyst 13.4 requires Windows 7 Service Pack 1 to be installed • These release notes provide information on the AMD Catalyst Display Driver only. For information on the AMD Multimedia Center™, HydraVision, HydraVision Basic Edition, Remote Wonder™, or the Southbridge/IXP driver, please refer to their respective release notes found at: http://support.amd.com/ • AMD Eyefinity technology is designed to give gamers access to high display resolutions. -
Introduction Hardware Acceleration Philosophy Popular Accelerators In
Special Purpose Accelerators Special Purpose Accelerators Introduction Recap: General purpose processors excel at various jobs, but are no Theme: Towards Reconfigurable High-Performance Computing mathftch for acce lera tors w hen dea ling w ith spec ilidtialized tas ks Lecture 4 Objectives: Platforms II: Special Purpose Accelerators Define the role and purpose of modern accelerators Provide information about General Purpose GPU computing Andrzej Nowak Contents: CERN openlab (Geneva, Switzerland) Hardware accelerators GPUs and general purpose computing on GPUs Related hardware and software technologies Inverted CERN School of Computing, 3-5 March 2008 1 iCSC2008, Andrzej Nowak, CERN openlab 2 iCSC2008, Andrzej Nowak, CERN openlab Special Purpose Accelerators Special Purpose Accelerators Hardware acceleration philosophy Popular accelerators in general Floating point units Old CPUs were really slow Embedded CPUs often don’t have a hardware FPU 1980’s PCs – the FPU was an optional add on, separate sockets for the 8087 coprocessor Video and image processing MPEG decoders DV decoders HD decoders Digital signal processing (including audio) Sound Blaster Live and friends 3 iCSC2008, Andrzej Nowak, CERN openlab 4 iCSC2008, Andrzej Nowak, CERN openlab Towards Reconfigurable High-Performance Computing Lecture 4 iCSC 2008 3-5 March 2008, CERN Special Purpose Accelerators 1 Special Purpose Accelerators Special Purpose Accelerators Mainstream accelerators today Integrated FPUs Realtime graphics GiGaming car ds Gaming physics -
ATI Radeon™ HD 5600 Series
ATI Radeon™ HD 5600 Series User Guide Part Number: 137-41761-10 ii © 2009 Advanced Micro Devices Inc. All rights reserved. The contents of this document are provided in connection with Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. (“AMD”) products. AMD makes no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this publication and reserves the right to discontinue or make changes to products, specifications, product descriptions, and documentation at any time without notice. No license, whether express, implied, arising by estoppel or otherwise, to any intellectual property rights is granted by this publication. Except as set forth in AMD’s Standard Terms and Conditions of Sale, AMD assumes no liability whatsoever, and disclaims any express or implied warranty, relating to its products including, but not limited to, the implied warranty of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or infringement of any intellectual property right. AMD’s products are not designed, intended, authorized or warranted for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or in other applications intended to support or sustain life, or in any other application in which the failure of AMD’s product could create a situation where personal injury, death, or severe property or environmental damage may occur. AMD reserves the right to discontinue or make changes to its products at any time without notice. Trademarks AMD, the AMD Arrow logo, ATI, the ATI logo, AMD Athlon, AMD LIVE!, AMD Phenom, AMD Sempron, AMD Turion, AMD64, All-in-Wonder, Avivo, Catalyst, CrossFireX, FirePro, FireStream, HyperMemory, OverDrive, PowerPlay, PowerXpress, Radeon, Remote Wonder, Stream, SurroundView, Theater, TV Wonder, The Ultimate Visual Experience, and combinations thereof are trademarks of Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. -
Torrenza and the Pareto Distribution
CoEHT Symposium February 16, 2007 Douglas O’Flaherty The Heterogeneous Processing Imperative ≤ 1981 Single16-bit 486 Core x8 By the end of Spreadsheets,the decade,6 word-processing homogenous PERF. So 2 multi-core1990s becomes increasingly inadequate f tw 32-bit a Single r e AMD64 Core E-mail, GUI, PowerPoint,C web browsers om p l Dual- ex i Opteron ty Java, XML, web a services CoE HT Symposia n C d PERF. D ore 2000s i ve 64-bit rsi 3D, digital mediat Single Core y ER/PERF. POW 64-bit ogeneous HD, DRM HomMulti-CPU essing DIVERSITY 2010s The End of “One Size Fits All” Computing Platform Co-Proc HeterogeneousCPU+xPU Industry Landscape: The Insight Gap Accelerators Devices optimized to enhance the performance on a particular function “The Insight Gap” Data Driven X86 PerformanceComputing Time 3 CoE HT Symposia Torrenza and the Pareto Distribution • New features are introduced in niche markets y Some features will never reach broad market appeal, but will have stable niche markets over time y The sum of those niche market opportunities is itself a considerable market opportunity • Features with broad market appeal are quickly moved up the value chain y FPGA to custom logic on add-in board y Custom logic integrated into chipset y For very high value features, chipset logic moves into processor • Our goals for Torrenza y Enable new markets by changing system economics with a standard platform y Evaluate new features for their potential in the mass market % of Target Market Value Migration Mass New Features Enter Market in Niches Market Niche Markets ◄ General Features Specialized Features ► 4 CoE HT Symposia Early vs. -
What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory
What Every Programmer Should Know About Memory Ulrich Drepper Red Hat, Inc. [email protected] November 21, 2007 Abstract As CPU cores become both faster and more numerous, the limiting factor for most programs is now, and will be for some time, memory access. Hardware designers have come up with ever more sophisticated memory handling and acceleration techniques–such as CPU caches–but these cannot work optimally without some help from the programmer. Unfortunately, neither the structure nor the cost of using the memory subsystem of a computer or the caches on CPUs is well understood by most programmers. This paper explains the structure of memory subsys- tems in use on modern commodity hardware, illustrating why CPU caches were developed, how they work, and what programs should do to achieve optimal performance by utilizing them. 1 Introduction day these changes mainly come in the following forms: In the early days computers were much simpler. The var- • RAM hardware design (speed and parallelism). ious components of a system, such as the CPU, memory, mass storage, and network interfaces, were developed to- • Memory controller designs. gether and, as a result, were quite balanced in their per- • CPU caches. formance. For example, the memory and network inter- faces were not (much) faster than the CPU at providing • Direct memory access (DMA) for devices. data. This situation changed once the basic structure of com- For the most part, this document will deal with CPU puters stabilized and hardware developers concentrated caches and some effects of memory controller design. on optimizing individual subsystems. Suddenly the per- In the process of exploring these topics, we will explore formance of some components of the computer fell sig- DMA and bring it into the larger picture. -
Nvidia-Geforce GF2 MX200 GF2 MX400 GF2 Ti GF2 Ultra
nVidia-Geforce Core Clock Speed Texels/sec Pixels/sec Memory Interface Memory Speed Memory Bandwidth GF2 MX200 175 Mhz 700 Million 350 Million 64-bit SDR 32/64 MB 166 Mhz 1.3 GB/sec GF2 MX400 200 Mhz 800 Million 400 Million 128-bit SDR 32/64 MB 166 Mhz 2.7 GB/sec GF2 Ti 250 Mhz 1 Billion 1 Billion 128-bit DDR 64 MB 200/400 Mhz 6.4 GB/sec GF2 Ultra 250 Mhz 1 Billion 1 Billion 128-bit DDR 64 MB 230/460 Mhz 7.4 GB/sec GF3 200 Mhz 1.6 Billion 800 Million 128-bit DDR 64 MB 230/460 Mhz 7.4 GB/sec GF3 Ti 200 175 Mhz 1.4 Billion 700 Million 128-bit DDR 64/128 MB 175/350 Mhz 6.4 GB/sec GF3 Ti 500 240 Mhz 1.92 Billion 960 Million 128-bit DDR 64/128 MB 250/500 Mhz 8.0 GB/sec GF4 MX420 250 Mhz 1 Billion 500 Million 128-bit SDR 32/64 MB 166 Mhz 2.7 GB/sec GF4 MX440-SE 250 Mhz 1 Billion 500 Million 128-bit DDR 64/128 MB 165/330 Mhz 5.3 GB/sec GF4 MX440 270 Mhz 1.08 Billion 540 Million 128-bit DDR 64/128 MB 200/400 Mhz 6.4 GB/sec GF4 MX440 8X 275 Mhz 1.1 Billion 550 Million 128-bit DDR 64/128 MB 256/512 Mhz 8.2 GB/sec GF4 MX460 300 Mhz 1.2 Billion 600 Million 128-bit DDR 64 MB 275/550 Mhz 8.8 GB/sec GF4 Ti 4200 250 Mhz 2 Billion 1 Billion 128-bit DDR 64/128 MB 250/500 Mhz 8.0 GB/sec GF4 Ti 4200 8X 250 Mhz 2 Billion 1 Billion 128-bit DDR 64/128 MB 256/512 Mhz 8.2 GB/sec GF4 Ti 4400 275 Mhz 2.2 Billion 1.1 Billion 128-bit DDR 128 MB 275/550 Mhz 8.8 GB/sec GF4 Ti4400 8X 275 Mhz 2.2 Billion 1.1 Billion 128-bit DDR 128 MB 275/550 Mhz 8.8 GB/sec GF4 Ti 4600 300 Mhz 2.4 Billion 1.2 Billion 128-bit DDR 128 MB 325/650 Mhz 10.4 GB/sec GF4 Ti 4600 8X 300 Mhz 2.4 -
Catalyst™ Software Suite Version 9.4 Release Notes
Catalyst™ Software Suite Version 9.4 Release Notes This release note provides information on the latest posting of AMD’s industry leading software suite, Catalyst™. This particular software suite updates both the AMD Display Driver, and the Catalyst™ Control Center. This unified driver has been further enhanced to provide the highest level of power, performance, and reliability. The AMD Catalyst™ software suite is the ultimate in performance and stability. For exclusive Catalyst™ updates follow Catalyst Maker on Twitter. This release note provides information on the following: z Web Content z AMD Product Support z Operating Systems Supported z New Features z Resolved Issues for the Windows Vista Operating System z Resolved Issues for the Windows XP Operating System z Resolved Issues for the Windows 7 Operating System z Known Issues Under the Windows Vista Operating System z Known Issues Under the Windows XP Operating System z Known Issues Under the Windows 7 Operating System z Installing the Catalyst™ Vista Software Driver z Catalyst™ Crew Driver Feedback ATI Catalyst™ Release Note Version 9.4 1 Web Content The Catalyst™ Software Suite 9.4 contains the following: z Radeon™ display driver 8.60 z HydraVision™ for both Windows XP and Vista z HydraVision™ Basic Edition (Windows XP only) z WDM Driver Install Bundle z Southbridge/IXP Driver z Catalyst™ Control Center Version 8.60 Caution: The Catalyst™ software driver and the Catalyst™ Control Center can be downloaded independently of each other. However, for maximum stability and performance AMD recommends that both components be updated from the same Catalyst™ release. Caution: The Catalyst™ Control Center requires that the Microsoft .NET Framework version 2.0 be installed.