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Revista Catalana De Micología, 22 Revista Catalana de Micologia, vol. 22: 5-14; 1999. 5 ECOLOGIA E TASSONOMIA DEL GENERE RHODOCYBE R. MAIRE (BASIDIOMYCETES, ENTOLOMATACEAE) IN SARDEGNA M. CONTU via Poletti n°34; 07026 Olbia (SS), Italia ABSTRACT. Ecology and taxonomy of the genus Rhodocybe (Basidiomycetes, Entolomataceae) in Sardinia. The species of the genus Rhodocybe occurring in Sardinia are keyed-in, described and taxonomically discussed. At the time being 16 entities are known to occurr in the Isle. Key words: Basidiomycotina, Agaricales, Rhodocybe, Sardinia. RIASSUNTO. Ecologia e tassonomia del genere Rhodocybe (Basidiomycetes, Entolomataceae) in Sardegna. Le specie del genere Rhodocybe crescenti in Sardegna sono introdotte in chiave, descritte e tassonomicamente discusse. Attualmente sono 16 le specie la cui presenza è nota nell'Isola. INTRODUZIONE Ii genere Rhodocybe data al 1926: esso fu introdotto da R. Maire per sistemare tassonomicamente l'Agaricus caelatus Fries, una piccola specie grigiastra, a portamento clitociboide, dotata di spore rosa in massa e di cistidi con pigmento interno. I limiti generici indicati dallo studioso francese furono, tuttavia, ben presto allargati e, oggigiorno, la moderna dottrina micologica accoglie correntemente la concezione di SINGER (1986), alla quale ci si rifà, peraltro, anche nel presente lavoro. Gil studi compiuti in diverse regioni geografiche (per un efficace repertorio degli stessi si vedan°, in particolare, BARON!, 1981 e BARONI & HALLING, 1992) hanno da tempo dimostrato che il numero di specie ascrivibili a questo genere è considerevolmente piú grande di quanto supposto ab origine e che, inoltre, esistono svariate entità ancora non descritte o da inquadrare in modo soddisfacente. Le specie europee, peraltro, nonostante l'aggiornata trattazione di MOSER (1986), aumentan° col passare del tempo e con l'esplorazione di biotopi per lungo tempo trascurati dai micologi, in guisa che risulta difficile dispone, attualmente, di una chiave aggiornata per un soddisfacente approccio alla loro determinazione. Per quanto concerne l'area mediterranea, i dati disponibili alio stato sembrano ancora incompleti, nonostante l'importanza dei lavori pubblicati soprattutto da MALENCON & BERTAULT (1975). Una prima chiave per l'inquadramento di quelle riscontrate in Sardegna fino al 1996 è stata proposta recentemente dal sottoscritto (CONTU, 1998). La necessità di pubblicare dati più organici sull'ecologia e la diffusione di Rhodocybe in Sardegna ha costituito lo stimolo a redigere questa comunicazione la quale, ovviamente, deve ritenersi del tutto incompleta anche per la sola micoflora isolana, sulla cm conoscenza, a mio avviso, si è ben lontani dall'aver raggiunto risultati appaganti. MATERIALI E METODI Tutte le descrizioni riportate sono state desunte dallo studio di materiale fresco o di collezioni d'erbario provenienti dalla Sardegna; le stesse, sovente, risultano dalla combinazione di entrambi i tipi di studio. I preparati microscopici rigonfiati, ove occorrente, con KOH al 5%, sono stati osservati in Phloxin B o in Rosso Congo Ammoniacale. Le collezioni d'erbario sono attualmente conservate negli erbari Z+ZT (Zurigo) e CAG (Cagliari). La nomenclatura utilizzata è quella di BARONI (1981). La sistematica adottata, viceversa, è quella di SINGER (1986). In luogo di appesantire il testo inserendo i dati relativi alle collezioni studiate, la cui lista è disponibile a richiesta, ho ritenuto opportuno indicare solamente le aree geografiche di rinvenimento delle singole specie, facendo 6 Revista Catalana de Micologia, vol. 22: 5-14; 1999. riferimento alle provincie neue quali è suddiviso il territorio regionale, di conseguenza le seguenti abbreviazioni sono state utilizzate: CA = Cagliari, SS = Sassari, NU = Nuoro, OR Oristano. RISULTATI E DISCUSSIONE Prima della presente comunicazione erano note per la flora micologica dell'Isola 15 specie (CONTU, 1998); ad esse se 'è recentemente aggiunta una, R. hirneola, onde il numero dei taxa riconosciuti assomma a 16. Questi, sotto il profilo sistematico, possono essere inquadrati nelle seguenti "coupures" infrageneriche: 1 ife con giunti a fibbia sez. Rhodophana 1* ife senza giunti a fibbia 2 2 cheilo e pleurocistidi presenti e ben differenziati sez. Rhodocybe 2* pleurocistidi assenti, cellule marginali talora presenti sez. Decurrentes Nel prosieguo vengono proposte le chiavi per la determinazione delle entità appartenenti alle singole sezioni, con le descrizioni di ciascuno dei taxa basate sul materiale studiato. Sezione Rhodophana (Kühner) Singer, Sydowia beih. 7: 95 (1973). Chiave per le singole specie: 1 spore subglobose, 5-6, 7 x 4-5 pm, sporocarpi grigiastri R. peculiaris 1* spore ellissoidi o amigdaliformi 2 2 sporocarpi brunastri fino a bruno-miele, molto impallidenti R. melleopallens 2* sporocarpi da aranciati a fulvo-rossastri 3 3 spore 7-9 x 5-6 .im, taglia media, odore forte R. nitellina 3* spore 4, 5-6, 7 x 3, 7-4, 5 pm, taglia gracile, odore nullo R. cuprea Rhodocybe peculiaris Bon et Contu, Doc. Mycol. 81: 44 (1991). Cappello 1,5-2,5 cm, spianato, centro depresso, non umbonato, non striato, leggermente tomentoso- feltrato, grigio-cinerognolo, copen°, al centro, da un velo araneoso biancastro. Lamelle poco fitte, pin o meno marcatamente decorrenti, dapprima grigiastre, poi grigio-giallastre ed infine grigio-rosate. Gambo 2-3 x 0,2-0,3 cm, cilindrico, leggermente fibrilloso, concolore al cappello o lievemente scuro alla base. Carne tenace, un poco elastica, grigiastra pallida; odore e sapore poco marcati. Sporata grigiastra. Spore 5-6,7 x 4-5 mm, subglobose o largamente ellissoidi, a parete leggermente ondulata. Basidi 24-30 x 6-8,5 mm, 4sporici, clavati, con fibbie. Cellule marginali 20-45 x 2-5 mm, lageniformi o fusiformi, a collo ben differenziato, sottile. Rivestimento pileico formato da una cutis di ife cilindriche confusamente erette, pigmento intraparietale ed incrostante. Fibbie diffuse. Habitat: a piccoli gruppi, presso Quercus suber L. e Q. ilex L. Autunno. Molto rara. (CA). Entita conosciuta da una sola raccolta ma ben caratterizzata sia macro che micromorfologicamente (BON & CONTU, 1991). R. griseospora (Pears.) P.D. Orton, che parimenti possiede sporata grigiastra, differisce per le colorazioni pin brunastre, le ¡fe prive di giunti a fibbia e le spore maggiori, piü allungate e con ornamentazione decisamente pin marcata, evocante quella di R. nitellina (PEGLER & YOUNG, 1975: 26). Molto recentemente in Gallura, nella parte settentrionale dell'Isola, su frustuli di legno, ho osservato un'entità avente spore di profilo simile ma con colorazioni grigio-bmne nel cappello e beige-ocra nel gambo, taglio lamellare privo di cellule marginali, basidi più slanciati e rivestimento pileico a struttura piü marcatamente cutiforme. Si tratta, senza dubbio, di una nuova specie probabilmente ancora pin vicina, soprattutto per l'habitat lignicolo, a R. mycenoides Singer (R, inquilina Contu, nom. prov, in sched.). Rhodocybe melleopallens P.D. Orton, Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 43: 380 (1960). Cappello 1,5-2,5 cm, spianato, centro sovente depresso e, talora, leggermente ed ottusamente umbonato, da bruno-castano cupo a miele-ocra pallido, per tempo umido striato al margine. Lamelle poco fitte, adnato-decorrenti, giallo-ocracee, a riflessi rosa nell'adulto. Gambo 2-3 x 0,3-0,5 cm, Revista Catalana de Micologia, vol. 22: 5-14; 1999. 7 clavato, fibrilloso-striolato, concolore al cappello. Carne tenace, ocra pallida; odore e sapore nettamente farinosi. Sporata rosa. Spore 6-7,5 x 4-5,2 gm, ellisso-ovoidi o subamigdaliformi, angolose. Basidi 20-35 x 7-9 um, 4sporici, clavati, con fibbie. Cellule marginali non differenziate. Rivestimento pileico formato da una cutis di ife cilindriche parallele; pigmento incrostante. Fibbie frequenti. Habitat: a piccoli gruppi, talora cespitosa, presso Quercus ilex L. Autunno. Rara. (OR, SS). Facilmente riconoscibile per le colorazioni bruno-miele, marcatamente impallidenti. R. hispanica (MORENO & ESTEVE-RAVENTOS, 1987), della quale ho studiato un paratypus, differisce, fra l'altro, per le spore molto più grandi ed allungate. Rhodocybe nitellina (Fr.) Singer, Mycologia 38: 688 (1946). Agaricus nitellinus Fries, Epicrisis: 80, 1838; Collybia nitellina (Fr.) Quél., Item. Soc. Emul. Montb., ser. II, 5: 434, 1875; Rhodopaxillus nitellinus (Fr.) Singer, Ann. Mycol. 34: 332, 1936. Cappello 1,5-3 cm, spianato, sovente depresso al centro, non umbonato, liscio, da aranciato a fulvo- rossastro, striato a tempo molto umido. Lamelle fitte, adnate, aranciate pallide. Gambo 5-7 x 0,2-0,3 cm, clavato, leggermente fibrilloso, concolore al cappello o piü pallido. Carne elastica, aranciata pallida; odore e sapore forti, di farina rancida. Sporata rosa. Spore 7-9 x 5-6 im, ellissoidi o ellisso- ovoidi, finemente asperulate. Basidi 20-30 x 6-7,5 gm, 4sporici, clavati, con fibbie. Cellule marginali poco differenziate. Rivestimento pileico composto da una cutis di ife cilindriche parallele; pigmento incrostante. Fibbie frequenti. Habitat: a piccoli gnippi, in luoghi umidi presso Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. Quercus suber L. e Q. ilex L. Autunno. Poco comune. (CA, NU, SS). Entità relativamente variabile dal punto di vista macromorfologico (assumente la facies di Collybia o, addirittura, di Laccaria) ma sempre ben riconoscibile per 1' odore forte, poco gradevole e per l'aspetto microscopico. R. griseospora (Pearson) P.D. Orton, assai discutibilmente sinorümizzata da NOORDELOOS (1983: 45), differirebbe soprattutto per le colorazioni piü miele-brunastre, la sporata grigiastra e le ife
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