Mycosphere
Clitopilus rubroparvulus (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes), a new species from the Canary Islands (Spain)
Vizzini A1*, Dähncke RM2 and Contu M3
1Dipartimento di Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Torino, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, 10125-Torino, Italy 2Finca Los Castañeros, 38710 Breña Alta-La Palma (Islas Canarias), España 3Via Marmilla 12, 07026-Olbia (Sassari), Italy
Vizzini A, Dähncke RM, Contu M. 2011 – Clitopilus rubroparvulus (Basidiomycota, Agaricomy- cetes), a new species from the Canary Islands (Spain). Mycosphere 2(4), 291–295.
Clitopilus rubroparvulus is described as a new species belonging to the subgenus Rhodophana on the basis of a collection from La Palma, Canary Islands. The new species grows on mosses and is known only from a single site. A colour illustration of fresh basidiomata of the type-collection and line drawings are also provided.
Key words – Agaricales – Entolomataceae – taxonomy
Article Information Received 11 May 2011 Accepted 23 May 2011 Published online 10 August 2011 *Corresponding author: Alfredo Vizzini – e-mail – [email protected]
Introduction R.M. Dähncke in La Palma Island during recent The complex of the orange reddish spe- years. cies of Clitopilus subgenus Rhodophana The aim of the present paper is to des- (Kühner) Contu (the nitellinus-complex) was, cribe this novel species, based on its very pecu- until now, represented in the Canary Islands by liar macro- and micromorphological features, only two species, viz. C. nitellinus (Fr.) Noor- and to provide a colour slide of the type del. & Co-David and the recently described C. collection. canariensis Dähncke, Vizzini & Contu (Vizzini Due to the small basidiomata, the overall et al. 2011). Another member of subg. Rhodo- reddish orange tinges, odourless and tasteless phana was found in the mycological collection context, the new species is reminiscent of a of R.M. Dähncke, but it does not show orange little Laccaria, i.e. L. pumila Fayod or L. reddish colours and seems to be close to C. tetraspora Singer, but its spore morphology is melleopallens (P.D. Orton) Noordel. & Co- typical of the Entolomataceae Kotl. & Pouzar. David (material studied by M. Contu). According to our experience the nitelli- Methods nus-complex (species characterized by basidio- The macromorphological descriptions mata with a collybioid to mycenoid habit, follow the detailed field notes taken on fresh orange-red colourations and presence of clamp- material. Microscopical observations were connections) deserves more careful studies made from dried material revived in 5% KOH because it encompasses several related but dif- and observed in ammoniacal Congo red and ferent species which have not received a name phloxine. Spore size is expressed both as a until now; an example is the tiny, muscicolous range and mean value based on 40 randomly species which is here proposed as new, found chosen spores. These abbreviations are used: Q among the collections of Clitopilus made by = the quotient of spore length by spore width;
291 Qm = the mean of Q values. The type collec- Fibulae praesentes sed haud numerosae. tion of the new species has been deposited in Hyphae oleiferae absentes. TO (Herbarium generale del Dipartimento di Habitat – gregaria ad muscos. Autum- Biologia Vegetale, Università degli Studi di nalis. Torino, Italy). The new species epithet was Holotypus – Hispania, Insulae Canariae, deposited in MycoBank (www.mycobank.org). La Palma, Lomo Hoyo de Rehielo, 1300 m Nomenclature and taxonomy follow Co- a.s.l., 27.10.2010, leg. R.M. Dähncke (TO David et al. (2009) and Contu (2009), and, as a HG2287). consequence, the genus Rhodocybe Maire is Pileus 5–12 mm broad, convex, usually considered as a subgenus of Clitopilus (Fr. ex slightly umbonate, sometimes depressed to- Rabenh.) P. Kumm. emend. Co-David & Noor- wards the centre, orange-fulvous, then paler, del. Taxa previously placed in Rhodocybe hygrophanus and becoming pale rosy buff, section Rhodophana (Kühner) Singer, will now smooth, glabrous, dry, opaque, translucently be considered as members of Clitopilus striate. Lamellae moderately thick, distant, un- subgenus Rhodophana (Kühner) Contu (Contu cinate-adnate, with lamellulae, whitish cream, 2009). then pinkish, with a concolorous edge. Stipe 10–15 × 1–2 mm, central, terete, mostly clavate Results but also cylindrical-equal, dry, glabrous, prui- nose at apex, smooth elsewhere, concolorous Clitopilus rubroparvulus Dähncke, Contu & with the pileus or slightly paler, with a white Vizzini, sp. nov. Figs 1–4 basal tomentum, without rhizomorphs. Context MycoBank MB 561534 very scarce and thin, pale, whitish, unchanging; Etymology – The specific epithet, smell and taste fungoid, not distinctive. Spore derived from the Latin adjectives ruber, rubră, print not obtained. rubrum (red) and parvulus, parvulă, parvulum Spores (4–)5–6.5 × (2.5–)3–4.5 µm (n = (small, tiny), refers to the orange-reddish and 40), average 5.9 × 4.0 µm, Q = 1.33–1.66 small basidiomes. (1.83), Qm = 1.48, hyaline, ellipsoid in profile Pileus 5–12 mm latus, parce carnosus, view, ovoidal to subamygdaliform in face-view, convexus vel depressus, leviter umbonatus, rounded in polar view, distinctly undulate- opacus, siccus, hygrophanus, aurantio-fulvus verrucose and with an ornamentation vel aurantius, ad medium rubro-brunneus vel reminding of that of C. nitellinus, wall thick obscure fulvus, iove pluvio striatus. Lamellae and evenly cyanophilic, inamyloid, with a pa- modice confertae vel distantes, uncinato-adna- tent apiculus of the Entolomataceae-type (Co- tae, cremeo-albidae deinde carneolae. Stipes David et al. 2009), and one or more oil drops 10–15 × 1–2 mm, cylindricus vel clavatus, su- (Fig. 2). Basidia 20–30 × 7–8 µm, tetrasporic, perne albo-pruinatus, aliunde levis, pileo con- clavate, sometimes clamped (Fig. 3). Subhyme- color. Caro subincospicua, fragilis, plerumque nium consisting of hyphoid or inflate elements; albida, immutabilis; odor fungicus; sapor simi- hymenophoral trama regular, made up of lis. Sporae (4–)5–6.5 × (2.5–)3–4.5 µm, hyali- cylindrical, hyaline, thick-walled hyphae, up to nae, ovoideae vel subamygdaliformes, rugoso- 35 µm wide in the central stratum. Cheilocy- undulatae vel verrucoso-angulatae, guttulatae. stidia, pleurocystidia and pseudocystidia ab- Basidia 20–30 × 7–8 µm, tetraspora, saepe sent. Pileal surface (pileipellis) two-layered: fibulata. Lamellarum trama regularis, ex hyphis suprapellis as an ixocutis consisting of radially usque ad 35 µm latis constituta. Pleurocystidia arranged to tightly interwoven, gelified, en- atque cheilocystidia nulla. Pilei cutis ex hyphis crusted, and cylindrical hyphae, 2–7(–8) µm cylindricis subparallelis, in suprapelle haud wide (Fig. 4a); subpellis well differentiated, gelatis, 2–7(–8) µm latis, constituta; subpellis made up of larger elements, up to 30 µm wide, ex hyphis cylindricis subparallelis, usque ad 30 and pseudoparenchimatic for places (Fig. 4b). µm latis, constituta; pigmento intracellulari et Stipital surface (stipitipellis) consisting of a incrustanti. Caulocystidia versiformes, caespi- xerocutis of parallel, with an orange intraparie- tosa, clavata vel fusiformes, usque ad 6 µm lata. tal pigment; caulocystidia up to 6 µm wide,
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Figs 1–4 – Clitopilus rubroparvulus (TO HG2287, holotypus). 1 Basidiomata. 2 Spores. 3 Basidia. 4 Pileipellis (a suprapellis, b subpellis). Bars 1 = 10 mm, 2–3 = 10 µm, 4 = 20 µm. versiform, clavate to fusiform. Clamp connec- C. nitellinus, according to the specialistic tions present but not abundant, sometimes not literature (Baroni 1981, Noordeloos 1988) well formed. Thromboplerous hyphae absent. clearly differs by having medium-sized basi- Habitat – in small groups, not caespitose, diomata (pileus 10–25 mm broad), a context on mosses. Autumn. with a rancid-mealy smell and larger spores, Distribution – until now known only easily reaching 9 µm in length. from the Canary Islands (La Palma Island). C. melleopallens (P.D. Orton) Noordel. Material examined – Spain, Canary & Co-David has spores measuring 4.5–7 × 3–4 Islands, La Palma, Hoyo de Rehielo, 1300 m µm and thus similar to those of C. rubropar- a.s.l., 27.10.2010, leg. R.M. Dähncke, (TO vulus, but they are not so heavily ornamented, HG2287, holotype). the pileus tinges are melleous brown and the context has a mealy smell (Orton 1960, Discussion Noordeloos 1983, 1988), whilst C. cupreus (J. In the field, C. rubroparvulus looks like Favre ex Contu) Contu has darker tinges both small, umbonate, striate basidiomata of C. ca- in pileus and stipe, lacks an umbo at the pileus nariensis but the smaller, heavily ornamented centre, has slightly longer and larger basidio- spores and the fertile lamellar edge, devoid of spores and does not have a two-layered pilei- any kind of cystidioid elements are fully diag- pellis (Favre 1960, Consiglio & Contu 2006). nostic.
293 We were not able to find any other clamp Consiglio G, Contu M. 2006 – Rhodocybe cu- -bearing Clitopilus species exhibiting the pecu- prea (Basidiomycetes, Entolomataceae). liar complex, macro- and micromorphological Una specie critica della sezione Rhodo- features of C. rubroparvulus (Singer & Digilio phana. Rivista di Micologia 49, 129–135. 1951, Horak 1978, 1979, Baroni 1981, Baroni Consiglio G, Contu M. 2008 – Rhodocybe & Redhead 1985, Noordeloos 1983, 1988, hausknechtii, una nuova specie della Baroni & Largent 1989, Contu & Bon 1991, sezione Rhodophana dall’ Italia setten- Baroni & Halling 1992, Baroni & Horak 1994, trionale. Rivista di Micologia 51, 15–21. Esteve-Raventós 2001, Baroni & Gates 2006, Contu M. 2009 – Studi sul genere Clitopilus Bidaud & Contu 2007, Consiglio & Contu (incl. Rhodocybe) 1. Prima segnalazione 2008, Henkel et al. 2010) and so consider it in Italia di Clitopilus blancii comb. nov., unique in the genus as a whole. nuove raccolte di Clitopilus giovanellae, iconografia di Clitopilus carneolus comb. Acknowledgements nov. e ulteriori nuove combinazioni. Bol- We are very grateful to Dr. L. Gugliel- lettino AMER 77–78, 15–31. mone (University of Turin, Italy) for depositing Contu M, Bon M. 1991 – Champignons de the type collection in TO. Sardaigne (trois nouvelles espèces). Documents Mycologiques 81, 41–45. References Esteve-Raventós F. 2001 – Rhodocybe subcae- spitosa sp. nov. (Entolomataceae, Agari- Baroni TJ. 1981 – A revision of the genus Rho- cales) found in Spain. A.M.B., Italy. docybe Maire (Agaricales). Nova Hedwi- Centro Studi Micologici, Micologia 2000 gia, Beih. 67, 1–194. (AMB), 177–183. Baroni TJ, Gates GM. 2006 – New species of Favre J. 1960 – Catalogue descriptif des Cham- Rhodocybe (Entolomataceae, Agaricales) pignons Supérieurs de la Zone Subalpine from Tasmania. Australian Systematic du Parc National Suisse. Ergebn. Wiss. Botany 19, 343–358. Untersuch. Schweiz. Natn. Parks 6, 323– Baroni TJ, Halling R. 1992 – New species of 610. Rhodocybe from South America with a Henkel TW, Aime MC, Largent DL, Baroni TJ. key to species. Mycologia 84, 411–421. 2010 – The Entolomataceae of the Baroni TJ, Horak E. 1994 – Entolomataceae in Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana III: new North America III: new taxa, new combi- species of Rhodocybe. Mycoscience 51, nations and notes on species of Rhodo- 23–27. cybe. Mycologia 86, 138–145. Horak E. 1978 – Notes on Rhodocybe Maire. Baroni TJ, Largent DL. 1989 – The genus Rho- Sydowia 31, 58–80. docybe: new combinations and a revised Horak E. 1979 – Fungi agaricini Novazelan- key to section Rhodophana in North diae VII. Rhodocybe Maire. New Zealand America. Mycotaxon 34, 47–53. Journal of Botany 17, 275–281. Baroni TJ, Redhead SA. 1985 – Clitopilus fus- Noordeloos ME. 1983 – Notulae ad floram cogelatinosus and Rhodocybe carlottae agaricinam neerlandicam. I-III. Marasmi- new species in the Entolomataceae (Aga- ellus, Macrocystidia and Rhodocybe. Per- ricales) from Canada. Canadian Journal soonia 12, 29–49. of Botany 64, 1450–1452. Noordeloos ME. 1988 – Rhodocybe Maire. In: Bidaud A, Contu M. 2007 – Rhodocybe infun- Flora Agaricina Neerlandica 1 (eds C Bas, dibuliformis, una nuova specie della sez. ThW Kuyper, ME Noordeloos, EC Rhodophana raccolta in Francia. Rivista Vellinga). AA Balkema, Rotterdam, The di Micologia 50, 313–318. Netherlands 77–82. Co-David D, Langeveld D, Noordeloos ME. Orton PD. 1960 – New check list of British 2009 – Molecular phylogeny and spore Agarics and Boleti, part III (keys to Cre- evolution of Entolomataceae. Persoonia pidotus, Deconica, Flocculina, Hygro- 23, 147–176. phorus, Naucoria, Pluteus and Volvaria).
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Transactions of the British Mycological Vizzini A, Contu M, Dähncke RM. 2011 – Cli- Society 43, 159–439. topilus canariensis (Basidiomycota, En- Singer R, Digilio L. 1951 – Pródromo de la tolomataceae), a new species in the C. Flora Agaricina Argentina. Lilloa 25, 1– nitellinus-complex (Clitopilus subg. Rho- 462. dophana) from the Canary Islands (Spain). Brittonia, in press.
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