DOCSLIB.ORG

Calendars and the History of Time

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Calendars and the History of Time Level 1 - 1 Calendars and the History of Time Rob Waring Series Editor Rob Waring Contents Time for All ............................................................. 4 A Calendar in the Head .......................................... 6 The Egyptian Calendar ........................................... 7 Calendars Based on the Moon ................................ 8 A Calendar from Rome ........................................... 9 The Julian Calendar ................................................ 10 The Gregorian Calendar ......................................... 12 Time Is Not the Same for Everyone ....................... 13 Level 1 - 1 Date Formats ........................................................... 14 Calendars and the History of Time Rob Waring What Are BC and AD? ............................................ 15 © 2017 Seed Learning, Inc. Different Systems .................................................... 16 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, ....................................... stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any Can We Go Back in Time? 17 means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. Comprehension Questions ........................................... 18 Series Editor: Rob Waring Acquisitions Editor: Liana Robinson Glossary ...................................................................... Copy Editor: Casey Malarcher 19 Cover/Interior Design: Andy Roh World History Timeline ................................................. 21 ISBN: 978-1-9464-5200-9 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 21 20 19 18 17 Time for All All living things understand time. We notice the coming and going of days, seasons, and years. We get old, we age, and we die. Time is all around us. Old and young Time moves on, Kyoto Waiting for rain Being able to understand time and predict when it would rain, or be hot or cold, was very important to farmers and hunters. We needed a schedule of time to record this, so we invented the first calendars. Crops 4 5 A Calendar in the Head The Egyptian Calendar The first calendars were in our One of the earliest calendars heads. People counted the days, came from Egypt. It had 12 every new moon, or the days in months of 30 days. Each month the seasons. But this was not good had three weeks, and each week enough to predict when to plant had 10 days. Counting days crops or bring the animals in for The Karnak Temple, winter. Luxor, Egypt The four seasons An Egyptian calendar, Karnak, Egypt 6 7 Comprehension Questions Glossary 1. How do we understand time? 6. The Julian calendar… ancient very old (a) By the years (a) had a “leap month”. (b) By the seasons (b) is still used today. Anno Domini referring to years after Jesus Christ was born (c) By the changes each day (c) was invented in 29 BC. (d) All of the above (d) had 365 days. Babylonian concerning the ancient city of Babylon 2. Why was it important to record 7. Today we use the … calendar. time? (a) Egyptian BC referring to the years before Jesus Christ was born (a) So we could make a (b) Babylonian calendar (c) Julian Buddhist referring to the religious teachings of Buddha (b) To plant crops (d) Gregorian (c) To predict old age calendar a schedule of dates that shows a year (d) To view the moon 8. Time zones are measured… (a) from London. 3. The first calendars… complicated not simple or easy (b) from Tokyo. (a) came from Europe. (c) from Paris. (b) were in our heads. (d) from Los Angeles. crop a plant or plant product that is grown by farmers (c) decided the seasons. 9. What year is 2020 AD in the (d) had 30 months. Egyptian concerning Egypt Buddhist calendar? 4. How long was the Egyptian (a) 1020 week? Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) the point at which time zones are (b) 1896 (a) 7 days measured from (c) 2020 (b) 10 days (d) 2564 (c) A month equator the imaginary line equal in distance from the North and (d) We don’t know. 10. Where is the International Date Line? South Pole 5. The Babylonians used … to (a) In London calculate the calendar. (b) In the Pacific Ocean founder a person who starts something (a) days (c) On the equator (b) seasons (d) In Rome inaccurate not correct, accurate, or true (c) the moon (d) the sun invent to create something through thought leap a large jump phase a particular period or stage during a process of change 10. 9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. (b) (d) (a) (d) (d) (c) (b) (b) (b) (d) Key predict to say that an event will happen in the future 18 19 World History Timeline Image Credit/Pages ©Shutterstock: front cover, 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 middle, 10 bottom, 11 bottom, 12, 13 bottom This chart shows a rough overview of world history. ©iStock: back cover, 11 top, 13 top, 15 bottom, 16 bottom, 17 bottom Some of the dates have been simplifi ed. Wikimedia: 9 top, bottom, 10 top, 15 top, 16 top World History Timeline World History Timeline 3000 BC 2900 BC 2800 BC 2700 BC 2600 BC 2500 BC 2400 BC 2300 BC 2200 BC 2100 BC 2000 BC Pyramids of Giza (built c. 2550-2490 BC) Gudea of Lagash Mediterranean Sea Jerusalem Damietta Gaza Rosetta Dead Sea (c. 2144-2124 BC) Rafah Alexandria Buto Sais Tanis Pelusium Naukratis Busiris Narmer, Egyptian King N Wadi Natrun NW NE Bubastis W E Nile Delta SW SE Merimda Great Bitter S Lake Heliopolis Sahure, Egyptian King 01(km) 00 Cairo 06(mi) 0 Giza Memphis Saqqara Helwan Sinai (c. 3000 BC) Dahshur Timna Faiyum Lower Lake MoerisMeydum (c. 2487-2475 BC) Lahun Egypt Herakleopolis Serabit al-Khadim Gulf of Suez Nile river Bahariya Oasis Gulf of Aqaba Beni Hasan Hermopolis Amarna Asyut Badari Eastern Desert Qau Western Desert Akhmim Red Sea Thinis Abydos Nile river Dendera Quseir Kharga Oasis Naqada Koptos Wadi Hammamat Thebes (Luxor and Karnak) Dakhla Oasis Tod Upper Hierakonpolis Egypt Edfu Kom Ombo Aswan First Cataract Bernike Dunqul Oasis Sargon the Great, Nabta Playa Wadi Allaqi Abu Simbel Akkadian King Buhen Second Cataract Kush Wadi Gabgaba (c. 2340-2284 BC) Nubian Desert Third Cataract Kerma Nile river Kawa Fourth Cataract Indus Valley Napata Gebel Barkal Fifth Cataract Civilization Meroe Cuneiform (c. 3000 BC-100 AD) Old Egyptian Kingdom (c. 2686 BC) Ur III Dynasty (c. 2112-2004 BC) 2900 BC 2800 BC 2700 BC 2600 BC 2500 BC 2400 BC 2300 BC 2200 BC 2100 BC 2000 BC Xia Dynasty Gutian Dynasty Elam (Iran) 5000 BC Mesopotamia (Sumerians) Akkadian Empire Ur III Dynasty Assyria (Early Period) 3100 BC Early Dynastic Period of Egypt Old Egyptian Kingdom Middle Egyptian Kingdom 3650 BC Minoan Civilization (Crete) Minoan Civilization (Crete) 1st Intermediate Period Indus Valley Civilization (India) 3000 BC Early Bronze Age 2900 BC 2800 BC 2700 BC 2600 BC 2500 BC 2400 BC 2300 BC 2200 BC 2100 BC 2000 BC.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In Wadi Allaqi, Egypt
    ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION AND MANAGEMENT OF PLANTS IN WADI ALLAQI, EGYPT FINAL REPORT IDRC OQ w W1.44 Trent University AUGUST 1998 ENVIRONMENTAL VALUATION AND-MANAGEMENT OF PLANTS IN WADI ALLAQI, EGYPT Final report Editors: Belal, A.E. , B. Leith, J. Solway and 1. Springuel Submitted To INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH CENTRE (IDRC) CANADA File: 95-100"1/02 127-01 UNIT OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT, SOUTH VALLEY UNIVERSITY, ASWAN, EGYPT A-RC hf v 5 91, 5 7 By Acknowledgements The Project team of both South Valley and Trent Universities wish to thank the International Development Research Center (IDRC) Ottawa, Canada, for supporting the project with funding and for visiting the site. We also thank the staff of the IDRC Cairo Office for their assistance. This report is based upon the knowledge, hard work, and support of many people and institutions. We thank the British Council for the support they have provided in training many members of the team and UNESCO for providing support for the Allaqi project and Biosphere Reserve. We appreciate the good working relationship that we have developed with the Egyptian Environment Affairs Agency. Dr. M. Kassas of Cairo University has provided valuable intellectual direction for the project. We thank C. Fararldi who has assisted the project in numerous ways and Gordon Dickinson for writing notes on establishing the visitor center in Wadi Allaqi We wish to thank the research offices of Trent University and South Valley University. We are deeply grateful to the residents of Wadi Allaqi for their help and continued support and patience towards our project.
    [Show full text]
  • Egypt: National Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation
    i,_._ ' Ministry of State for the Environment Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Department of Nature Conservation National Biodiversity Unit Egypt: National Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation January, 1998 Egypt: National Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation* Part 1: Introduction Part 2: Goals and Guiding Principles Part 3: Components of the National Plan of Action Part 4: The National Programmes of Action Annex: Programmes, fact sheets Illl_llIBl_l_l_lllIM MWmIllm _ WBlllllIBlllllllIBllll_llll_lllllllllllllllllIBl_l * This document incorporates the outcome of sessions of extensive discussion held at Aswan, Qena, Sohag, Assyut, EI-Minya, Beni Suef, Faiyum, Cairo, Ain Shams, Helwan, Tanta, Zagazig, Benha, Mansoura and Damietta between March and May, 1997, and a national conference held in Cairo: 26 -27 November 1997. 3 FOREWORD Concern with, and interest in, the study of wild species of plants and animals and observing their life cycles and ecological behaviour as related to natural phenomena was part of the cultural traditions of Egypt throughout its long history. In Pharaonic Egypt certain species were sacramented (e.g. the sacred ibis, sacred scarab, etc.) or protected as public property because of their economic importance (e.g. papyrus: material for state monopolized paper industry). In recent history laws protected certain species of animals, but protection of natural habitats with their ecological attributes and assemblages of plants and animals (nature reserves) remained beyond the interest of government. The United Nations, with the assistance of the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) published lists of nature reserves worldwide, and Egypt was not mentioned in these lists till the late 1970s.
    [Show full text]
  • Mathematics in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia
    Mathematics in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Mathematics in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Waseda University, SILS, History of Mathematics Mathematics in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Outline Introduction Egyptian mathematics Egyptian numbers Egyptian computation Some example problems Babylonian Mathematics Babylonian numbers Babylonian computation Some example problems Mathematics in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Introduction How do historians divide up history? The large scale periodization used for (Western) history is the following: I Ancient: the distant past to, say, 5th or 6th century ce I Medieval: 6th to, say, 15th or 16th century I Modern: 16th century to the present Mathematics in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Introduction Ancient cultures around the Mediterranean Mathematics in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Introduction How do we study ancient history? I What are our ancient sources? I material objects I images I texts a. found as ancient material objects b. transmitted by tradition I What is the condition of the sources? I Wherever possible, we focus on reading and understanding texts. I When we study objects, without any textual support or evidence, it is very easy to be mislead, or to have very open-ended and unverifiable interpretations. Mathematics in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Introduction How can we interpret these objects without texts?1 1 The pyramids of Giza. Mathematics in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia Introduction Or how about these?2 2 Stonehenge in Wiltshire, England. Mathematics in Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia
    [Show full text]
  • Index of Sources
    Cambridge University Press 0521819245 - Land and Power in Ptolemaic Egypt: The Structure of Land Tenure J. G. Manning Index More information Index of sources GREEK PAPYRI P. Grenf. i 10 187 BGU 11 171 1374 188 P. Grenf. ii 1730 47 23 157, 198 C.Ord. Ptol. 5-10 179 P. Hal. 196 P. Adler P. Haun. Inv. 407 46, 76, 81, 88, 90, 97, 152, 387 160, 196 787 P. Hibeh 22 887 29 187 9 224 P. K oln¨ 12 89 4 186 169 P. Amh. 7 313 169 33 53 P. Lille 40 185 1 112 44 157 3 157 49 94, 155 10 55 P. Bingen 36 57 11 107 P. Cairo Zen. 1 59001 179 47 112 P. Cairo Zen. 2 P. Lond. 881 174 59155 112 P. Lond. Inv. 2850 173 59245 109 P. Lond. iii 59292 113 206 224 P. Col. Zen. 1206 224 83 139 P. Lond. vii 120 178 1954 108, 113, 115 P. Dion. 18 191 2015 179 P. Edfou 886, 160 P. Magd. 253 P. Elephantine P. Mich. Zen. 168 25 112 10 85, 163 111 114 11 163 P. Oxy. 12 84, 163 xlvi 3285 19 14 161 P. Paris 19 85 63 180 20 78 65 172 28 84, 157 P. Petr. P. Gen. iii ii 4 (11) 107 128 170 ii 6 107 132 137 ii 9 (4) 107 P. Gr. Dublin ined. 167 ii 13, 18a 104 325 © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521819245 - Land and Power in Ptolemaic Egypt: The Structure of Land Tenure J.
    [Show full text]
  • Rejuvenation of Dry Paleochannels in Arid Regions in NE Africa: a Geological and Geomorphological Study
    Arab J Geosci (2017) 10:14 DOI 10.1007/s12517-016-2793-z ARABGU2016 Rejuvenation of dry paleochannels in arid regions in NE Africa: a geological and geomorphological study Bahay Issawi1 & Emad S. Sallam2 Received: 20 June 2016 /Accepted: 5 December 2016 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2016 Abstract Although the River Nile Basin receives annually ca. and west of Aswan. The nearly flat Sahara west of the Nile 1600 billion cubic meters of rainfall, yet some countries within Valley rises gradually westward until it reaches Gebel the Basin are suffering much from lack of water. The great Uweinat in the triple junction between Egypt, Sudan, and changes in the physiography of the Nile Basin are well Libya. Gebel Uweinat has an elevation of 1900 m.a.s.l. sloping displayed on its many high mountains, mostly basement rocks northward towards the Gilf Kebir Plateau, which is that are overlain by clastic sediments and capped by volcanics 1100 m.a.s.l. The high mountains and plateaus in the southern in eastern and western Sudan. The central part of the Nile Basin and western Egypt slope gradually northward where the Qattara is nearly flat including volcanics in the Bayuda Mountains and Depression is located near the Mediterranean coast. The depres- volcanic cones and plateaus in southwestern Egypt. The high sion is −134 m.b.s.l., which is the lowest natural point in Africa. mountains bordering the Nile Basin range in elevation from All these physiographic features in Sudan and Egypt are related 3300 to 4600 m.a.s.l. in the Ethiopian volcanic plateau in the to (i) the separation of South America from Africa, which east to ca.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Remote Sensing in Exploration for Uranium Mineralization in Gabal El Sela Area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt
    The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (2013) 16, 199–210 National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences The Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Sciences www.elsevier.com/locate/ejrs www.sciencedirect.com RESEARCH PAPER Application of remote sensing in exploration for uranium mineralization in Gabal El Sela area, South Eastern Desert, Egypt Talaat M. Ramadan a,*, Tarek M. Ibrahim b, Abu Deif Said c, Moustafa Baiumi b a National Authority for Remote Sensing and Space Sciences (NARSS), Cairo, Egypt b Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo, Egypt c Faculty of Sciences, Zagazig University, Egypt Received 23 October 2013; accepted 3 November 2013 Available online 16 December 2013 KEYWORDS Abstract This research aims at integrating remote sensing data and field studies to prospect for Biotite granites; radioactive materials at Gabal El Sela area, South Eastern Desert of Egypt. This area is a part Landsat ETM+; of the Arabo-Nubian shield, which is constituted by Late Precambrian basement rocks and devel- Uranium mineralizations; oped during the Pan African tectono-thermal event. Geological interpretation of Landsat ETM+ Alteration zones; image and field studies revealed that the study area is mainly covered by ophiolitic ultramafic rocks, Quartz veins; intermediate metavolocanics, granodiorites, biotite granites and garnetiferous muscovite granites. Eastern desert These rocks are injected by pegmatitic and quartz veins and cut by acidic and basic dykes. The pro- cessed Landsat ETM+ data enable also to identify uraniferous alteration zones hosted in the gra- nitic rocks (using band ratio 5/7, 4/5, 3/1 in RGB, density slicing and supervised classification techniques).
    [Show full text]
  • Vanishing Knowledge of Plant Species in the Wadi Allaqi Desert Area of Egypt Hassan Abdou, Hanaa ; Yacoub, Hoda A; Gerkema, Menno P.; Swart, Jac a A
    University of Groningen Vanishing Knowledge of Plant Species in the Wadi Allaqi Desert Area of Egypt Hassan Abdou, Hanaa ; Yacoub, Hoda A; Gerkema, Menno P.; Swart, Jac A A Published in: Human ecology DOI: 10.1007/s10745-016-9826-9 IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2016 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Hassan Abdou, H., Yacoub, H. A., Gerkema, M. P., & Swart, J. A. A. (2016). Vanishing Knowledge of Plant Species in the Wadi Allaqi Desert Area of Egypt. Human ecology, 44(4), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-016-9826-9 Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 23-09-2021 Hum Ecol (2016) 44:493–504 DOI 10.1007/s10745-016-9826-9 Vanishing Knowledge of Plant Species in the Wadi Allaqi Desert Area of Egypt Hanaa A.
    [Show full text]
  • Management Plan for Wadi El-Gemal–Hamata
    MOBIS Task Order No. 263-M-00-03-00002-00 U.S. Agency for International Development Program Support Unit Egyptian Environmental Policy Program Management Plan for Wadi El-Gemal–Hamata IUCN Category II National Park Submited by: Dr. Sherif Baha El Din May 2003 International Resources Group with Winrock International Washington, DC Management Plan for Wadi El-Gemal–Hamata Protected Area Table of Contents ﺧﻄﺄ! ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﻌﺮّﻓﺔ. .................................................................................Acknowledgements Lists of Figures, Tables, and Maps ...................................................................................... vii Figures .............................................................................................................................. vii Tables ............................................................................................................................... vii Maps ................................................................................................................................. vii Acronyms and Abbreviations.............................................................................................. viii ١ .................................................................................................................Executive Summary ١.............................................................................Management Framework and Apparatus ٢.........................................................................................................Resources
    [Show full text]
  • CBD Strategy and Action Plan
    I EGYPTIAN BIODIVERSITY STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN (2015 – 2030) January 2016 II CREDIT This work was produced through UNDP, GEF, PIMS no. 4864. Project manager Dr. Tarek A Temraz, MSc, PhD. Marine Ecology & Pollution Marine Science Department Suez Canal University [email protected] Scientific Committee 1- Professor Hamdallah Zedan Head of the National Biodiversity committee and the Former Assistant Secretary General of the United Nation /CBD Executive Secretary. 2- Professor Mostafa Fouda Minster of Environment Advisor for Nature Conservation 333-3--- Professor Mohamed Saber National Research Center- Biodiversity Expert& NBSAP Consultant 4- Engineer Wahed Salama Former Manager of Nature Conservation Sector, EEAA 555-5--- Dr Khaled Allam Harhash Manager of Genetic Resources Department, EEAA 6- Dr Tarek A Temraz NBSAP, Project Manager III IV ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The NBSAP would like to take the opportunity to thank all the staff in the Nature Conservation Sector (NCS) for their true support and endless help particularly the protected area staff for providing data and information during the preparation of the strategy and the economic valuations studies of the goods and services provided by natural ecosystems within protected area. The NBSAP project manager would like to extend his sincere gratitude to all the stake holders participated in all the 19 meetings and workshops to formulate this strategy. The participatory approach followed during the preparation of this strategy necessitate the participation of wide array of specialist and focused groups and this wasn’t achievable without support of the administration authorities represented in different ministries, research institutes, universities and governmental agencies, to all of those we thank their unconditioned and extended support.
    [Show full text]
  • Arab Republic of Egypt
    Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency Nature Conservation Sector Action Plan for Implementing the Convention on Biological Diversity’s Programme of Work on Protected Areas Arab Republic of Egypt Submitted to the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity March, 2012 By Dr. Khaled Allam HARHASH Table of contents: PoWPA Focal Point................................................................................................................................. 7 Lead implementing agency ...................................................................................................................... 7 Multi-stakeholder committee ................................................................................................................... 7 National Targets and Vision for Protected Areas ...................................................................................... 8 Coverage ................................................................................................................................................. 9 Description and background .................................................................................................................... 9 Governance types .................................................................................................................................... 9 Key threats .............................................................................................................................................. 9 Barriers
    [Show full text]
  • The Migration of the White Stork in Egypt and Adjacent Areas
    THE MIGRATION OF THE WHITE STORK IN EGYPT AND ADJACENT AREAS CHARLES A. REED Department of Anthropology University of Illinois at Chicago Circle Chicago, Illinois 60680 and Field Museum of Natural History Chicago, Illinois 60605 AND THOMAS E. LOVEJOY Department of Biology Yale University New Haven, Connecticut 06520 Observations on the spring migration of the Africa and southwestern Asia passes across White Stork (Ciconiu ciconia) were under- the narrow Straits of Jubal, at the southern taken in 1962 by the authors as part of the end of the Gulf of Suez. Numerous observa- research of the Yale University Prehistoric Ex- tions, particularly from passing ships, of the pedition to Nubia (Reed 1966), at the sugges- mass, low-level fights of C. ciconiu across this tion of S. Dillon Ripley, then director of the strip of water during both late summer and Peabody Museum at Yale University. Data spring migrations have been summarized by continued to be assembled during 1964 and Schiiz ( 1955, 1959b ) . 1965 by the senior author and by various other During the spring migration, large numbers Expedition personnel: Heinz Walter, Chris of storks have been observed flying north Maser, Jorg Biel, Eric Wendt, Ingo Gabriel, along the Nile at Khartoum, Sudan (Mathias- Ibrahim Helmy, Maxine Kleindienst, Robert son 1963). However, little has previously been Orlins, Peter Banks, and Robert Giegengack, recorded of their route between this point and to all of whom we are indebted for numerous Aswan. Meinertzhagen (1930) postulated that observations and suggestions. autumn migrants did not reach the Nile in In 1962-1963, Expedition members were in large numbers north of Wadi Halfa.
    [Show full text]
  • EGYPT Ministry of Higher Education
    Arab Republic of EGYPT Ministry of Higher Education Egyptian National UNESCO Commission (UNESCO – ALECSO – ISESCO) Egyptian National MAB Committee NATIONAL REPORT EGYPT 7, Ibrahim Aboul-Naga St., ext from Abbas El-Akkad St., Madinat Nasr, Cairo website http://www.egnatcom.org.eg email: [email protected] 2016-2017 April 2017 I- Winners of Egyptian MAB Young Scientists Research Awards Offered by the Ministry of Higher Education: The following six research projects were selected by the Egyptian National MAB Committee and each was offered a sum of 5000 LE: 1. Mr. Hany Saber Mohamed. South Valley University. Research Title: Species Composition and Distribution of Soil Algae in Wadi Allaqi Biosphere Reserve (South Eastern Desert,Egypt). 2. Miss. Areig Yehia Abdel Aty. Wadi Allaqi Biosphere Reserve Research Title: The impact of environmental changes on the gene flow of the critically endangered Medemia argun, Wadi Allaqi Bioshere Reserve 3. DR. Abdul Allah Anter Saber, Ain Shams University. Research Title: Combined detailed molecular, morphological, and cophysiological study on an interesting species of the genus Cloniophora tiffany Cloniophoraceae, Ulvales) from Wadi El-Rayan Protected Area (El-Fayium). 4. Miss. Heba Salah El Din Sayed. Cairo University . Research Title: Development controls in rocky islands in Aswan. 5. Iman Abdel Azim Abdel Rahman. Cairo University. Research Title: Using and evaluating the ENVI- met Model to simulat the impact of global warming on the micro climate of Bioshere Reserves (case study: Some Nile Islands). 6. Mr. Hazem Taha Abdel Hamid. Marine Pollution Research Institute. Research Title: Environmental study for monitoring the impact of human activities on biodiversity of Burullus Lake, Egypt.
    [Show full text]