Index of Sources

Cambridge University Press 0521819245 - Land and Power in Ptolemaic Egypt: The Structure of Land Tenure J. G. Manning Index More information

Index of sources

GREEK PAPYRI P. Grenf. i 10 187 BGU 11 171 1374 188 P. Grenf. ii 1730 47 23 157, 198 C.Ord. Ptol. 5-10 179 P. Hal. 196 P. Adler P. Haun. Inv. 407 46, 76, 81, 88, 90, 97, 152, 387 160, 196 787 P. Hibeh 22 887 29 187 9 224 P. K oln¨ 12 89 4 186 169 P. Amh. 7 313 169 33 53 P. Lille 40 185 1 112 44 157 3 157 49 94, 155 10 55 P. Bingen 36 57 11 107 P. Cairo Zen. 1 59001 179 47 112 P. Cairo Zen. 2 P. Lond. 881 174 59155 112 P. Lond. Inv. 2850 173 59245 109 P. Lond. iii 59292 113 206 224 P. Col. Zen. 1206 224 83 139 P. Lond. vii 120 178 1954 108, 113, 115 P. Dion. 18 191 2015 179 P. Edfou 886, 160 P. Magd. 253 P. Elephantine P. Mich. Zen. 168 25 112 10 85, 163 111 114 11 163 P. Oxy. 12 84, 163 xlvi 3285 19 14 161 P. Paris 19 85 63 180 20 78 65 172 28 84, 157 P. Petr. P. Gen. iii ii 4 (11) 107 128 170 ii 6 107 132 137 ii 9 (4) 107 P. Gr. Dublin ined. 167 ii 13, 18a 104

325

326 Index of sources

P. Petr. (cont.) SB 16 12821 159 ii 39e3 104 UPZ i ii 42 H 8(f) 107 14 4 iii 18 179 59 169 iii 43 (2) 107, 117, 160 60 169 iii 49 105 110 157, 171 iii 75 116 UPZ ii P. R e v. 32, 44, 57, 102, 112, 141–142, 160-162 167, 197 154 P. Rein. 18 56 P. Ryl. 572 54 DEMOTIC EGYPTIAN AND P. Strassb. ii HIERATIC PAPYRI 81 224, 225 89 224 P. Adl. P. Tebt. i 287 546, 55, 76, 171, 181, 189 787 6 160 13 87 10 120, 121 15 87 26 115, 125 16 87 27 157 22 188 61 125, 160 23 197 62 109 P. Berl. 63 109 3119 24 72 55, 125 13539 41 73 152 13540 41 74 125 P. Berl. Dem. i 75 125 13538 188 79 169 13543 41 112 145 13544 188 P. Tebt iii 13587 188 703 44, 93, 95, 141, 142–143, 145, 15522 138, 152, 187 153 15527 166, 188 820 179 P. Berl. Dem. ii P. Tebt. iv 3113 173 1103 55 3114 217 1104 55 3146 211 1105 123 P. Bib. Nat. 215 42 1107 55 P. B M 1201 173 1108 109 P. B M 1202 173 1109 109 P. B M 10117 172, 178, 224 1110 109 P. B M 10463 212 1114 14 P. B M 10560 109 1115 109 P. B M 10601 202 1119 124 P. Boston 38.2063a 211 1120 124 P. Brit. Mus. i P. U C 1592 123 10528 144 P. Yale 36 154 10536 173 PSI 4 10537 173 354 104, 111 P. Brit. Mus. iv 422 108 1 213 PSI 5 502 114 22 189 SB 5 26 155, 212 8033 168 27 212 8243 + P. Mich. Inv. 3098 105 44 191 SB 8 9681 165, 167, 170 P. B M F A 38.2063b 90, 93

Index of sources 327

P. Brussels E 8254 173 2424 94 P. Cairo 2431 224 50098 + 102 198 2433 222 50099 198 7128 172, 217 P. Carlsb. 7833 A 147 236 19 7833 B 147 309 92 7845 A 147 310 92 7856 139, 175 P. Carnarvon 9416 220 1 169, 211, 223 P. Mallawi 602/10 205 2 169, 211, 223 P. Mattha 18–19, 222 P. dem. Heidelberg 1289 151 P. Moscow P. Dion. 1 191 113 211 P. EgSocPap 211 123 179 P. Eleph. Dem. P. Padua 188 184 P. Rein. 494 284 P. Ryl. 384 9 186 984 15 217 10 84 19 220 12 84 24 220 20 84 P. Siut 28 84 10575 169, 190 P. Fam. Theb. 10591 19, 92, 169, 204, 205 2 220 10595 202 19 188 10597 87, 197, 202 P. Hausw. P. To r. 1 177, 217 246 172 2 172, 224, 225 247 172 3 208 P. Tor. Amenothes 17 191 5 198, 219 P. Tor. Botti 681 3 161 792 4 218 8 172, 224 7 223 9 172 28 221 10 93 P. Warsaw 148.288 189 11 82, 83, 86, 176, 208 UPZ I, 6a(= P. Louvre 2414) 18 13 208, 223 15 81 16 80, 81, 193, 208 GREEK AND DEMOTIC 18 80, 82, 86, 220, 224 OSTRACA 25 208 P. Heid. O. dem. Firenze 8693 231 723 93 O. Hess i 190 P. K oln¨ 7 166 O. Hor 3 169 P. Lille Dem. O. Tait Bodl. i 47 164 117 200 O. Zurich¨ 1894 173 118 153 120 199 OTHER SOURCES P. Loeb 5 189 Arist. Oec. ii 2.33, 1352a 16 43 45 198 Arrian 52 202 3.1.343 P. Louvre 3.5.2-343, 65 2410 198 3.5.532, 43

328 Index of sources

Ath. Deip. 5197c-203b 138 17.1.46 170 Curt. 4.8.443 17.1.51 92 Diod. Sic. 1.31 40 1.75 53 INSCRIPTIONS 1.79 39 3.12.1-334 Cairo CG 22186 68 18.39.543 Cairo CG 22187 68 31.246 Cairo temp. nr. 17/3/46/168 31.15 170 Famine Stela 75 31.17 170 Louvre C 122 68 Herodot. OGIS 54 ( = Porph., F.Gr. Hist 260 F 43) 141 2.36 173 OGIS 56 68 2.129 99 OGIS 90 133, 166, 169 2.148 100 OGIS 194 37 2.161-163 39 Philensis II 165, 169 2.164 39 Port Said inv. No. 493 68 2.168 50 SatrapStela 42 2.169-174 39 S. Aswan 1057 69 2.177-179 39, 53 S. Louvre C 101 173 2.181-181 39 3.91 100 Joseph. AJ 15.90-91 240 EGYPTIAN TEXTS AP. 2.58 240 Just. Epit. 8.5.7-6.238 “Cambyses Romance” 40 Livy 45 46, 170 Edfou Olympiodorus, History frag. 37 80 iv, 8 167 Paus. vi, 199-201 49, 146 1.6.344 vii, 6 167 2.9.337, 170 Graffito Aswan dem. 43 168 Philostratus, Life of Apollonios Graffito Wadi Hammamat 87 105 170 Karnak Ostracon 32, 77, 148–149, 155 Pliny, HN Nitocris Adoption Stela 40 5.10.58 30, 65 O. Gardiner 86 71 6.33.168 34, 74 P. Boulaq X 222 6.170 97 P. Harageh 3 146 Polyb. P. Harris 171 5.65 45 P. Reinhardt 35, 71 5.107.1-345 P. Valençay 135, 78, 120 29.27 170 P. Wilbour 57, 79, 147, 195 29.67 46 S. BM 37982 155 Seneca Nat.Q. 4.2.16 231 S. BM 59205 155 St. Jerome, Commentary on the Book of Daniel S. Naples 1035 140 xi.5 135, 141 TT 75 146 Strabo 17.1.13 135 17.1.35 100 OTHER SOURCES 17.1.37 100 17.1.45 34 Genesis 47 57

General index

Abydos 7, 31, 33, 65, 165 of Kleon 106 Adler papyri 92 of Menches 16, 22, 23, 46, 102, 125, 145, 151, administrative centers 70 152, 181 agency 26, 130 of Milon 20, 34, 84, 160 agents of the state, local 156 of Osoreris 20 agoranomos 24, 187, 238 of Panas 20 Alexander the Great 4, 43 of Psenminis 20 Alexandria 7, 14, 36, 46, 105, 111, 121, Theban Choachyte 20, 186 125, 131, 150, 153, 154, 163, 178, of Totoes 20 232, 240 of Zenon 16, 18, 22, 23, 44, 102, 106, 110–118, economy of 104, 118, 157 125, 141 entrance of Augustus in 47 Armant (Hermonthis) 35, 96, 155, 191 excavations of 47 Arsinoe (town of) 111 “Grand Procession” in 138–139 Arsinoe II 57, 97, 102 meeting of priests in 166 artabieia 60 merchants in 51 Artaxerxes III 42 Amasis 39, 53 Aryandes 41 Amenemhat I 100 Ashurbanipal 39 Amenemhat III 100, 101 Assyrians 33 Amyrtaeus 42 Aswan 7, 29–30, 31, 33, 34, 65, 206 anachoresis¯ 116 “men of ” 191 Antaiopolis 35 Asyut 99, 167, 190 antigrapheus 137, 144 probate dispute from 197 Antiochos I 219 athariyya-transfer 196 Antiochos III 45 Athens 42 Antiochos IV 45, 46, 59, 159, 169, 171, auction 160–161 236 of land 80, 83, 84, 85, 90, 95, 129–130, 131, Antonius, M. 47 156, 171, 190, 204, 209 Apollonius 105, 106, 110, 112, 113–114 of tax farming agreements 144 apomoira 53, 56–57, 58, 92 Augustus 47, 135, 240 Apries 71 institutional reorganization of Egypt under Archimedean screw 30 241 architektos 106 Archive Bagnall, Roger 16, 21, 22, 165 Asyut 83 Bahr Yusef 31, 38, 99 of Boethos 70 Baines, John 69 of Dryton 87, 191 banks 50, 65, 67, 85, 94, 96, 131, 139, 144, 173, Family 20, 23 189 Hauswaldt 20, 224 barley 29–30, 73 of Heroninus 109 Barramiya 66 of Horus son of Nechoutes 87 basilikos grammateus 52, 67, 121, 137, 154

329

330 General index

basin irrigation 28, 31, 72, 183 cropreport 58, 153 flood basin 72 cult, dynastic 51 beer-making 118 Beni Hasan 32 Daimachos (the stratêgos) 167 Berenike (port) 34, 72, 74 Darius I 41, 42, 71, 74, 76, 106, 185, 199 Berenike II 68, 162 Darius II 42, 76 Bingen, Jean 12, 23, 115, 130, 142, 192, Delta 7, 16, 32, 42, 69, 168, 174 201 Decree of Horemheb 185, 195 Bir ’Iayyan 66, 86 demotic 7, 40, 173–177 Birket Qarun 99 ostraca 20 Blemmyes 72, 74, 81 conveyances of land 227 Bocchoris 174 decline of 238 boundary descriptions 185 tax receipts 227 boundary stela 155 Demotic Chronicle 41, 42 Braudel, Fernand 14, 28 Dendera 34, 47, 78, 90, 91, 240 British Raj 5 diadochoi 44 diamisthosis¯ 18 cabbage 116 Diodorus Siculus 13 cadastral survey 74, 76, 77, 78 dioikêtês 52, 105, 110, 121, 125, 137, 143, 145, 154, Cambyses 40–41 171 canal 28–30, 73, 112, 116 Dionysios Petoserapis 159, 170, 171 maintenance of 30, 107 Dionysios son of Kephalas 191 digging of 107 diverging devolution 221 Canopus Decree 68, 69, 162 divorce 222 Caria 57, 110 Dodekaschoinos 165 Carians 51 Donker van Heel, Koen 199 cartonnage 18 dream of Nectanebo 43 cash crop 117 Cassius Dio 241 eco-zone 31 census 53, 103, 122, 133 economic institutions 6 cession document 212 economic performance 7 Chaonnophris 165, 168 economic power 9, 10, 25, 50, 106, 123, 129, 130, “Chief of fields” 189 136, 139, 146, 151, 156–157, 158, 184, 226, China 229, 232, 234, 236, 238, 240 Han period 13, 118 economic rights 88, 193 Song period contracts 219 “Economie´ royale” 4, 21, 22, 24, 130, 141, 201, Choachyte-priests 35, 94, 175 231, 233 chrematistai¯ 53, 54 economic sociology 184 circulation tax (enkuklion) 172 economy Clarysse, Willy 12 command 49 Cleopatra I 45 customary 49 Cleopatra II 45, 46, 76, 119 market 49 Cleopatra III 46, 76, 119 monetization of 134 Cleopatra VII 35, 47 Edfu 19, 25, 34, 43, 65, 66, 69, 73, 96 coinage 4, 40 connection to Dendera 78 colonialism 5 documents from 171 model of 6 hub of caravan traffic 74 command economy 136 land in 74, 77 contracts land measurement of 151 demotic Egyptian law of 210, 211 priests of 161 Greek six-witness type 187 funerary stelae of 234 witnesses to 213 Ptolemaic presence 74 Coptos-Berenike road 66 revolt in 165 Cosmas Indicopleustes 141 scribal family from 186 Crawford, Dorothy 23 texts from 74

General index 331

Edfu donation text 19, 26, 71, 73, 74, 151 granaries 65 “efficiency thesis” 222 at Alexandria 145 eisagogeusˆ 54, 202, 204 royal 139 ekphorion 59 state 156 El-Kab 78 Granovetter, Mark 11 Elephantine 33, 65, 72, 73, 78, 84, 96 grapheion 150 priest in 138 “Greek born in Egypt” 224 Temple building in 168 Grenfell, B. P. 101, 119 Elephants 34, 81 Guran 103 hunters of 84 Gurob 22, 103 Ellickson, Robert 227 gymnasia 110 emmer 30, 73, 105, 116 enforcement cost 11 Hakoris 191, 199 eparourion 58 Hall, John W. 6 epigraphê 60 Hapy 28 epistatês 52, 54, 67, 85, 156 Haronnophris 168 epistratêgos 230 Harsiesis 170 Ergamenes II 165 harvest tax 59, 88, 163, 189, 199 Esarhaddon 39 receipts 71 Esna 240 Hathor of Dendera 78 Estphenis 84 Hauswaldt papyri 20, 79, 93, 207 Eulaios 45 Hawara 100 Euphronios 163 Heichelheim, Fritz 22 Hekanakhte papers 89 Fayyum 6, 7, 8, 12, 13, 14–15, 22, 23, 32, 38–39, Herakleides 113 66–67 Herakleopolis 170 census of 47 herdsmen 81, 83, 90, 92, 223 Greek papyri from 136 Hermias legal case 197 leases of land in 55 Hermopolis (Tuna el-Gebel) 18 reclamation of 29–30, 44, 98, 103–107, Herodas 159, 180 138 Herodotus 39, 42, 173 royal land in 72 Hibeh papyri 22 soldiers in 70 Hideyoshi, Toyotami 150 survey of land 145 Hierakonpolis 78 fenugreek 30 Higo rebellion 167 Festival of the Joyous Union 78 Hohfeld, W. Newcomb 194 Finley, Moses 11, 21, 89 Horos son of Psemminis 90 flax 30 horse breeding 114 fodder 30 HorusofEdfu 68, 83 fruit trees 88, 92, 143 Hunt, A. S. 101, 119 taxation of 92 Hurst, Phoebe 119 Hydraulic hypothesis 183 gardens 73 hyperetai¯ 204 garlic 116 hypologos 59 gê idiotikos¯ 196 Gebel es-Silsileh 31, 72, 80, 81, 209 ibadiyya (“untilled”) land 197 Gebelein 97 ideological power 157, 158, 236 Geertz, Clifford 184 ideology 140 Gellner, Ernest 131–133, 165 Egyptian 137 and model of cultural isolation 192, 228, of kingship 229 232 religious 71 gift estate 111, 112, 116 royal 51, 239 gold-mining 72, 81 IEMP model 9 grain shipment 143 Inaros 42 grain tax 59, 60 inheritance 233

332 General index

irrigation 99, 229 royal 38, 78, 81, 88, 120, 122, 123, 124, 144, machine 86 149, 153, 157–158, 159, 177, 179, 191, 200 technology 86 tenants on 197 Isis size of plots 207 estate at Philae 68 of soldiers 180 Iulius Caesar, C. 47 “spear-won” 158 split holdings of 224 Japan 6 survey of 57, 65, 89, 129–130, 146–148, 151, 181 Tokugawa period 58 survey of, in Japan 152 Jeme 35, 189 taxation of 150 Jews 51 liability of village 180 temple estate 54, 88, 122, 124, 149, 161, 193, Kallimachos (1) 34 233 Kallimachos (2) 230, 240 laokritai 53, 54, 231, 238 Kallimachos decree 37, 237 leases Karanis 20 demotic contracts of 198 Karnak 34, 68 hereditary 194 katochos 18 prodomatic 200 Kaunos 110 Saite 199, 207 Kerkeosiris 22, 23, 46, 103, 119–121, 123–124, lector-priests 35 125, 181 legumes 30 Khabbabash 43, 76 Lenaios 45 Kharga oasis 74 lentils 30, 118 Khnum 41 lesonis 84, 152 estate at Elephantine 68 Lewis, Napthali 192 KhnumhotepII 32, 100, 185 el-Lisht 100 Kleomenes 43–44 local elite 69 Kleon 103, 106, 107 Lochos (the stratêgos) 87 Kleruch(s) 22, 38, 56, 70, 86, 97, 106, 107, 112, lock-in 24 114, 116–117, 119, 122, 123, 227 logeutês 144 koinodikion 53 komarch 52, 137 machimoi 39, 42 komogrammateus¯ 52, 137, 185 Manetho 39, 140 Koptos 34, 36 Mann, Michael 9, 10, 134, 236 Krokodilopolis 87, 97, 107 markets 11 Krokodilopolis (in Upper Egypt) 169, Marx, Karl 183 191 Mazakes 43 Medinet Habu 155 Lahun gap 99, 104 Medjay 72 Lake Moeris 99, 104 Meeks, Dimitri 26, 76, 77, 78 land Megabarians 81 conveyance of 50 Memphis 7, 8, 29–30, 36, 43, 51, 99 demotic sale of, form of 212 economy of 104, 118 family-held 209 high priests 51 idioktêtos 227 Menches 218 “in release” 56 merides 108 kleruchic 54, 122, 123, 178–180, 201 Mes, inscription of 197 measurement 147 Metjen 100 ownershipof 93 Middle Egypt 34 orchard 57 migration effect 49 price of 219 military power 136 private 72, 89, 177 Milon 84, 163 registers 119 Mohammed Ali 5, 235 registration of 129–130, 146–148 monetization 116

General index 333

monographos 24 land in 180, 197 mortgage 15 scribes of 187 muriarourai 106, 112 tax collection in 168 Pedubastis, cycle of stories of 39 Nag el-Hassaya 234 Pelusium 43 Narmouthis 108, 115 battle of 40 nationalism 165 Pemsais 168 Naukratis 43 Persian empire 4, 40–42 Necho 106 administration 9, 50, 140, 150 Nectanebo, General 50 period 60, 150, 176 Nectanebo I 42 “Persian of the descent” 188, 201 Nectanebo II 42, 43, 74, 76 Peteharsemtheus son of Panebkhounis 192 New Institutional Economics 11, 185 Petiese, petition of 185 Nile river 27 Petosiris 91 “caging effects” of 132 Petrie papyri 16, 22 flood of 28–30, 51, 77, 143, 147, 152, 170, 240 Pherendates 41 gradient of 183 Philadelphia 22, 109, 111, 112, 113, 118 inter-annual variability of 28 philanthropa 115 nomarch 52, 115, 137 PhilipII 38 nome 31–32 PhilipV 45 Edfu 67, 77, 88, 163, 209 Philotas 86 Esna 77 Phoenix (the dioikêtês?) 150 Herakleopolite 8, 17, 22, 35, 38, 54, 103, 117, Piye 72 170 Piye stela 39 Hermopolite 191 Pliny 30 Menelaite 32 political power 130, 158 Ombite 70, 77 Polybius 13, 44, 45, 60, 135 Oxyrhynchite 8, 13, 38, 54, 117, 201 historical model of 230 Pathyrite 67, 77, 95, 155 Popilius Laenas, C. 46 Phthemphouth 32 poppy cultivation 114 Xoite 32 population growth 49 North, Douglass 10, 145 praktor¯ 84, 85, 163 Nubia 33, 80, 81 Preaux,´ Claire 4, 12, 15, 21, 22, 130, 178, 180, 239 Nubians 72, 165 principal-agent problem 11, 136, 142 property oikonomos 52, 67, 137, 143, 144, 153 family dispute over 222 oil crops 113, 142 movement within family 223 olive 116 private 4, 11, 130, 180, 183, 227 Ombos 72 contingent claim on 217 Oracle of the Potter 166, 170, 228 rights 10, 11, 24, 177 orchard 28–30, 93, 116 enforcement of 188 Oriental despotism 5, 107, 158 theory 194 Oxyrhynchus 28 prostagma 148–149 Psammetichus I 39, 172, 174–175 Packman, Zola 60 Ptah 8 Palestine 111 Ptolemaic state, the 3, 6 palm trees 30, 73, 82, 87, 88, 92, 93 agency in 8 Panakestor 114 development of 6, 8 papyri neoclassical model of 10, 11 Greek administrative 7 structure of 7 parachoresis¯ 124, 179 Ptolemaieia 138 pastophoros-priests 35, 90, 189 Ptolemais (modern El-Manshah) 14, 17, 36, 51, path dependence 24 65, 67, 96, 97, 105, 161, 168, 191, 202, Pathyris 16, 37, 59, 87, 88, 93, 169, 191 227, 235

334 General index

Ptolemais Euergetis 121 Rome 46, 234 Ptolemy as satrap 76, 77 Rosetta stone (Memphis decree) 19, 45, 133, Ptolemy I Soter 16, 36, 43–44, 65, 76, 100, 104, 166, 171, 180 106, 140, 227, 235 Rostovtzeff, Michael 12, 21, 22, 23, 55, 60, 89, army of 109 117, 118, 124, 160, 233 settlement of Fayyum under 108 and model of the “Oriental” state 177 and taxation 145 and nationalization of land 157 Ptolemy II Philadelphus 18, 22, 34, 44, 67, 77, and planned economy model 154 102, 110, 125, 229, 235 and private property 177–178 and annual revenue under 135 and war 141 and billeting of soldiers 96 royal cult 140 and decree setting maximum interest rate 139 royal farmer 54–56, 81, 120, 123, 180 and Eastern desert 66, 74 and economy 140, 141, 144 Saint Jerome 141 and Fayyum 104, 106, 110 Sais 174 and Karnak Ostracon 148 Saite period 8, 173 military campaigns of Second Syrian War sale tax 219 149 salt tax 103, 141 and P. Rev. 141, 142 Samuel, Alan 23, 67, 130 Ptolemy III Euergetes 9, 44, 51, 68, 86, 108, 233 saqiya 30, 73 and Canopus Decree 138, 162 Saqqara 68 and Fayyum 110 SatrapStela 43, 76 and Syrian wars 122 seasonal mortality 28 and P. Tebt. 83, 142 Schnebel, Michael 22 and Third Syrian war 141 scribe, village 120, 122, 125, 145, 148, 151 Ptolemy IV Philopator 36, 44–45, 163 disloyalty of 148 and Syrian wars 122 inspection of ﬁelds by 150 Ptolemy V Epiphanes 45, 166, 171 notary 176 Ptolemy VI Philometor 45, 46, 170, 171 royal 181 Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II 45, 46, 76, 92, 119, Seleucid dynasty 49 148, 171 Seleucid economy 15 taxation during reign of 173 bureaucratic structure of 52 Ptolemy X Alexander I 46, 76 Senpoeris 94–95, 155, 181, 234 Ptolemy XII Auletes 47, 135 Sesostris II 100, 101 Sesostris III 31 Qasr el-Sagha 100 share contract 58 Qasr Ibrim 80 Shaw, Brent 158 Qena 33 sheep 116 Quaegebeur, Jan 240 Sobek 100 priests of 185 Raphia, battle of 38, 45, 50, 172 social caging 28 Ray, John 176 social networks 11, 184–186, 228 receipts social power 3, 4, 6, 25, 134, 183 of granary tax 58–59 Soknebtunis 100

r–rh //w of land holding (dem. ) 163 Soknopaiou Nesos 176 Red Sea 34, 44, 72 soldiers 70, 104, 143, 156, 169, 191, 195, 202, 225, trade routes 34, 40, 66, 74, 162 231 region 31 Somtuefnakht 140 registration Sosibius 44 of documents 83, 238 state revenue economy 4 agents of 138 Rhodon son of Lysimachos 66, 86, 192 local agents of, adding costs 136 Roman administration 26, 237 neoclassical model of 10, 11, 136, 161 Roman law 237 strong state model 4 Romanization 23 theory of 5

General index 335

stathmos 178 Theodoros 106 status groups 187 Tholthis 201 Strabo 36 Thompson, Dorothy 12, 105 stratêgos 52, 54, 56, 137, 156, 237 Thoth 146 sunklêros 179 Tokugawa Japan 132–133, 151 support staff 71 land survey during 151 survey of fields 122, 145 toparch 52, 137 Swedberg, Richard 11 topogrammateus 52, 137, 185 synod, priestly 45 Totman, Conrad 10 synodal decrees 231 transactions costs 12, 222 syntaxis 237, 238 Syron Kome 109 Udjahorresnet, stela of 41 unrest Talit 125 and erosion of royal control over land 135 taxation 4 rural 8, 59, 119, 156, 228, 230 collectors 141 Theban 20, 59, 68, 70, 87, 90, 97, 130, 156, farmers 53, 141, 144, 172 161, 164–169, 187, 211 farming 49, 50, 118, 144 of land 31 Verhoogt, Arthur 12, 23, 121 receipts 67, 141 Vidal-Naquet, Pierre 23 Tazza Farnese 240 vineyard 29–30, 116 Tebtunis 20, 23, 100, 106, 108, 119, viticulture 113, 116, 124 176 technology, irrigation 5 Wadi Allaqi 34, 97 temple, Egyptian 26, 161, 231, 232, 240 Wadi el-Shatt el-Rigal 80 building 85 war-making 141 endowment land 75 weaving 114 estates 32, 50, 147, 184, 227 Weber, Max 9, 129, 183, 227 of Amun 35, 39, 68, 71, 147, 149, 175, 189, ideal type of centralized, rational state 135 199, 223, 232 Weni 33 of Amun at Hibis 41 Wepwawet 190, 202 of Horus of Edfu 41, 47, 71, 72, 74, 77 wheat 73, 78, 104, 116, 118, 124, 232 building of 13, 162, 163 White Chapel of Sesostris I 150 finances of building 84 wills 222 amount of land in Egypt recorded in 146, witness-copy instrument 171, 213 152 Wittfogel, Karl 158, 183, 233 of Khnum at Elephantine 186 women of Ptah at Memphis 68 as buyers and sellers of land 218 treasury of 176 economic status of 94 of Soknebtunis 20 in demotic contracts 218 Theban 40 as possessors of land 221 temple, Jewish 42 and real division of land 221 Theadelphia 109, 111 wool 104 Thebaid 6, 7, 8, 13, 14 Ptolemaic administration of 67 Xenon son of Dionysios 84, 85 Thebarch 138, 152, 161, 186 Xerxes 41 Thebes 19, 20, 24, 34–35, 36, 37, 39, 69, 72, 78, 84, 100 Zenon papyri 16, 18, 22, 102