March 20, 2001 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE 4053 of the House, the following Members Is that not a great way to describe only 5 decades before by Patrick will be recognized for 5 minutes each. democracy? Henry, embodied the Greek patriots’ f The best way to express the feeling of unmitigated desire to be free. the Hellenic community is the Greek News of the Greek revolution met MARKING 180TH ANNIVERSARY OF National Anthem that tells of their with widespread feelings of compassion GREECE’S DECLARATION OF struggle for independence. in the United States. The Founding Fa- INDEPENDENCE FROM THE I thank the Federation of Hellenic thers eagerly expressed sentiments of OTTOMAN EMPIRE Societies of Greater New York for all support for the fledgling uprising. Sev- The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a of the contributions they have made to eral American Presidents, including previous order of the House, the gentle- our community and in their efforts to James Monroe and John Quincy woman from New York (Mrs. MALONEY) make each year’s Greek Independence Adams, conveyed their support for the is recognized for 5 minutes. Day celebration more exciting than the revolution through their annual mes- Mrs. MALONEY of New York. Madam last. I know that I will remember this sages to Congress. William Harrison, Speaker, I rise to recognize the coun- year. Zeto E Eleftheria. Long live free- our ninth President, expressed his be- try where democracy was born and dom in Greece and in the entire world. lief in freedom for Greece saying, ‘‘We where democracy returned 180 years must send our free will offering. The f ago. ‘Star-spangled Banner,’ ’’ he went on to March 25, 2001, marks the 180 anni- CELEBRATING GREEK say, ‘‘must wave in the Aegean, a mes- versary of Greece’s declaration of inde- INDEPENDENCE DAY senger for eternity and friendship to pendence from the Ottoman Empire. The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mrs. Greece.’’ Before then, Greece had been ruled by BIGGERT). Under a previous order of the Various Members of Congress also the Ottoman Empire for almost 400 House, the gentleman from Florida showed a keen interest in the Greek years, during which time Greeks were (Mr. BILIRAKIS) is recognized for 5 min- struggle for autonomy. Henry Clay, deprived of their civil rights. utes. who in 1825 became Secretary of State, It is with great pride that Hellenic Mr. BILIRAKIS. Madam Speaker, was a champion of Greece’s fight for Americans recount the stories of how today I, too, proudly rise to celebrate independence. Among the most vocal their ancestors in Greece stood to- Greek Independence Day and the was Daniel Webster from Massachu- gether and fought against repression strong ties that bind the nations of setts, who frequently aroused the sym- by continuing to educate Greek chil- Greece and the United States. pathetic interests of his colleagues and dren in their culture, their language, It was 180 years ago when the people other Americans in the Greek revolu- and their religion, even under the of Greece began a journey that would tion. It should not surprise us that the threat of death. mark the symbolic rebirth of democ- Founding Fathers would express such This year, the Federation of Hellenic racy in the land where those principles keen support for Greek independence, Societies of Greater New York has as to human dignity were first espoused. for they themselves had been inspired its parade theme the Hellenic-Amer- The word ‘‘democracy’’ stems from two by the ancient Greeks and their own ican educational system. It is espe- Greek words: ‘‘demos,’’ meaning ‘‘of struggle for freedom. As Thomas Jef- cially important that they are paying the people’’ and ‘‘kratos,’’ meaning ferson once said, ‘‘To the ancient tribute to education, cultural heritage, ‘‘power’’ and ‘‘strength.’’ On this anni- Greeks, we are all indebted for the religious learning, and the Hellenic- versary, it is the power and strength of light which led ourselves, the Amer- American values and ideals that are the Greek people and their courage and ican colonists, out of gothic darkness.’’ taught in the United States Hellenic Our two nations share a brotherhood commitment to the principles of parochial schools. bonded by the common blood of democ- human government and self-determina- racy, birthed by Lady Liberty, and b 1845 tion that we celebrate. committed to the ideal that each indi- Revolutions embody a sense of her- Education has always been the key vidual deserves the right of self-deter- oism, bringing forth the greatness of to preserving Hellenic culture, values, mination. and religion. the human spirit in the struggle We all know that the price of liberty This year I have the honor of being against oppression. It was Thomas Jef- can be very high. History is replete selected grand marshal, along with the ferson who said that, and I quote, ‘‘one with the names of the millions who gentleman from Florida (Mr. BILI- man with courage is a majority.’’ have sacrificed for it. Socrates, Plato, RAKIS), who cochairs the Hellenic Cau- Quoting Jefferson on the anniversary Pericles, and many other great schol- cus with me, and Assemblyman Mi- of Greek independence is particularly ars throughout history warned that we chael Giannaris from New York and appropriate. Jefferson and the rest of maintain democracy only at great cost. California Secretary of State Phillip the Founding Fathers looked back to The freedom we enjoy today is due to a Ajjedilis and Honorary Grand Marshal the teachings of ancient Greek philoso- large degree to the sacrifices made by Lucas Tsilas. We will have the privi- phers for inspiration as they sought to men and women in the past in Greece, lege of marching with many members craft a strong democratic state. And in in America, and all over the world. of my Astoria community, the largest 1821, it was the Founding Fathers of Madam Speaker, on this 180th birth- Hellenic community outside of Athens. our Nation to whom the Greeks looked day of Greek independence, when we The Hellenic and Phil-Hellenic com- for inspiration as they began their celebrate the restoration of democracy munity has a great deal to celebrate. journey toward freedom. to the land of its conception, we also They will celebrate the coming Olym- Encouraged by the American revolu- celebrate the triumph of the human pics and the continued efforts of the tion, the Greeks began their rebellion spirit and the strength of man’s will. Hellenic Caucus to seek a peaceful un- after 4 centuries of Turkish oppression, The goals and values that the people of derstanding with Turkey on the issues facing what appeared to be insur- Greece share with the people of the of the Greek Islands and Cyprus occu- mountable odds. Like the United United States reaffirm our common pation. Here in the United States, we States, Greece faced the prospect of democratic heritage. This occasion often take democracy for granted. In having to defeat an empire to obtain also serves to remind us that we must the world, there are still countries liberty. Many lives were sacrificed at never take for granted the right to de- fighting for basic human rights. On the altar of freedom. In the face of im- termine our own fate. this day of Greek independence, let us pending defeat, the Greek people Remembering the sacrifice of the remember the words of Plato, and I showed great courage and rallied brave Greeks who gave their lives for quote: ‘‘Democracy is a charming form around the battle cry, ‘‘Eleftheria I liberty helps us all realize, Madam of government, full of variety and dis- Thanatos,’’ liberty or death. Speaker, how important it is to be an order, and dispensing a kind of equality Similar words, ‘‘Give me liberty or active participant in our own democ- to equals and unequals alike.’’ give me death,’’ spoken in America racy, and that is why we honor those

VerDate jul 14 2003 19:55 Feb 11, 2005 Jkt 089102 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 0688 Sfmt 0634 E:\BR01\H20MR1.000 H20MR1 4054 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE March 20, 2001 who secured independence for Greece so Greek leaders, but the intent of the society they learned that Turkish troops were fast ap- many years ago. was to seek freedom for Greece and her peo- proaching their village, they began to dance Madam Speaker, today I proudly rise to cel- ple. the ‘‘Syrtos,’’ a patriotic Greek dance. One by ebrate Greek Independence Day and the The group planned a secret uprising for one, rather than face torture or enslavement at strong ties that bind the nation of Greece and 1821 to be led by Ypsilantis. He and 4,500 the hands of the Turks, they committed sui- the United States. volunteers assembled near the Russian border cide by throwing themselves and their children One hundred and eighty years ago, the peo- to launch an insurrection against the Turks. off Mount Zalongo. They chose to die rather ple of Greece began a journey that would The Turkish army massacred the ill-prepared than surrender their freedom. mark the symbolic rebirth of democracy in the Greek volunteers, and Ypsilantis was caught The sacrifice of the Suliotes was repeated in land where those principles to human dignity and placed in prison, where he subsequently the Arkadi Monastery of Crete. Hundreds of were first espoused. The word democracy died. However, the first bells of liberty had non-combatants, mainly the families of the stems from two Greek words; demos, meaning been rung, and Greek independence would Cretan freedom fighters, had taken refuge in of the people, and kratos, meaning power and not be stopped. the Monastery to escape Turkish reprisals. strength. On this anniversary, it is the power When news of Greeks uprisings spread, the The Turkish army was informed that the Mon- and strength of the Greek people and their Turks killed Greek clergymen, clerics, and laity astery was used by the Cretan freedom fight- courage and commitment to the principles of in a frightening display of force. In a vicious ers as an arsenal for their war material, and human government and self-determination that act of vengeance, the Turks invaded the is- they set out to seize it. As the Turkish troops we celebrate. land of Chios and slaughtered 25,000 of the were closing in, the priest gathered all the ref- Revolutions are often violent affairs. They local residents. The invaders enslaved half the ugees in the cellar around him. With their con- come about when a people, who have too island’s population of 100,000. sent, he set fire to the gunpowder kegs stored long suffered under the yoke of oppression Althought many lives were sacrificed at the there, killing all but a few. The ruins of the and been denied the very basic tenets of altar of freedom, the Greek people rallied Arkadi Monastery, like the ruins of our Alamo, human dignity, rise up in the name of self-de- around the battle cry ‘‘Eleftheria I Thanatos’’— still stand as a monument to liberty. termination. The concepts of self-determina- liberty or death. Those same words, spoken in News of the Greek revolution met with wide- tion and revolution were first espoused by the America only five decades before by Patrick spread feelings of compassion in the United ancient Greek philosophers. Men such as Ar- Henry, who said: ‘‘Give me liberty or give me States. The Founding Fathers, eagerly ex- istotle, Socrates, Plato, and Euripides devel- death,’’ embodied the Greek patriots’ unmiti- pressed sentiments of support for the fledgling oped the then-unique notion that men could, if gated desire to be free. uprising. Several American Presidents, includ- Another heroic Greek whom many believe left to their own devices, lead themselves rath- ing James Monroe and John Quincy Adams, was the most important figure in the revolution er than be subject to the will of a sovereign. conveyed their support for the revolution was Theodoros Kolokotronis. Kolokotronis was It was Aristotle who said: ‘‘We make war that through their annual messages to Congress. the leader of the Klephts, a group of rebellious we may live in peace.’’ On March 25, 1821, William Harrison, our ninth president, ex- and resilient Greeks who refused to submit to Archbishop Germanos of Patras embodied the Turkish subjugation. Kolokotronis used military pressed his belief in freedom for Greece, say- spirit of those words when he raised the flag strategy he learned while in the service of the ing: ‘‘We must send our free will offering. ‘The of freedom and was the first to declare Greece English Army to organize a force of over 7,000 Star-spangled Banner’ must wave in the Ae- free. men. The Klephts swooped down on the Turks gean . . . a messenger of fraternity and Revolutions also embody a sense of her- from their mountain strongholds, battering their friendship to Greece.’’ oism, bringing forth the greatness of the oppressors into submission. Various Members of Congress also showed human spirit in the struggle against oppres- One battle in particular, where Kolokotronis a keen interest in the Greeks’ struggle for au- sion. It was Thomas Jefferson who said that, led his vastly outnumbered forces against the tonomy. Henry Clay, who in 1825 became ‘‘One man with courage is a majority.’’ Quoting Turks, stands out. The Turks had invaded the Secretary of State, was a champion of Jefferson on the anniversary of Greek inde- Peloponnese with 30,000 men. Kolokotronis Greece’s fight for independence. Among the pendence is particularly appropriate. Jefferson, led his force, which was outnumbered by a most vocal was Daniel Webster from Massa- and the rest of the Founding Fathers, looked ratio of 4 to 1, against the Turkish army. A chusetts, who frequently roused the sympa- back to the teachings of ancient Greek phi- fierce battle ensued and many lives were lost, thetic interest of his colleagues and other losophers for inspiration as they sought to but after a few weeks, the Turks were forced Americans in the Greek revolution. craft a strong democratic state. And in 1821, to retreat. Kolokotronis is a revered Greek It should not surprise us that the Founding it was the Founding Fathers of our nation to leader, because he embodied the hopes and Fathers would express such keen support for whom the Greeks looked for inspiration as dreams of the common man, while displaying Greek independence, for they themselves had they began their journey toward freedom. extraordinary courage and moral fiber in the been inspired by the ancient Greeks in their The history of Greek Independence, like that face of overwhelming odds. own struggle for freedom. As Thomas Jeffer- of the American Revolution, is filled with many Athanasios Diakos was another legendary son once said, ‘‘To the ancient Greeks . . . stories of courage and heroism. There are hero, a priest, a patriot, and a soldier. He led we are all indebted for the light which led our- many parallels between the American and 500 of his men in a noble stand against 8,000 selves . . . American colonists, out of gothic Greek Revolutions. I would like to take the op- Ottoman soldiers. Diakos’ men were wiped out darkness.’’ Our two nations share a brother- portunity to recount some of these tales with and he fell into the enemy’s hands, where he hood bonded by the common blood of democ- you now. was severely tortured before his death. He is racy, birthed by Lady Liberty, and committed Encouraged by the American Revolution, the image of a Greek who gave all for love of to the ideal that each individual deserves the the Greeks began their rebellion after four faith and homeland. right to self-determination. centuries of Turkish oppression, facing what While individual acts of bravery and leader- We all know that the price of liberty can be appeared to be insurmountable odds. Both na- ship are often noted, the Greek Revolution very high—history is replete with the names of tions faced the prospect of having to defeat an was remarkable for the bravery and fortitude the millions who have sacrificed for it. Soc- empire to obtain liberty. And if Samuel Adams, displayed by the typical Greek citizen. This he- rates, Plato, Pericles, and many other great the American revolutionary leader who lighted roic ideal of sacrifice and service is best dem- scholars throughout history warned that we the first spark of rebellion by leading the Bos- onstrated through the story of the Suliotes, vil- maintain democracy only at great cost. The ton Tea Party, had a Greek counterpart, that lagers who took refuge from Turkish authori- freedom we enjoy today is due to a large de- man would be Alexander Ypsilantis. ties in the mountains of Epiros. The fiercely gree to the sacrifices made by men and Ypsilantis was a Greek who was born in patriotic Suliotes bravely fought the Turks in women in the past—in Greece, in America, Istanbul, and whose family was later exiled to several battles. News of their victories spread and all over the world. Russia. Ypsilantis served in the Russian army, throughout the region and encouraged other Madam Speaker, on this 180th birthday of and it was there, during his military service, villages to revolt. The Turkish Army acted Greek Independence, when we celebrate the that he became involved with a secret society swiftly and with overwhelming force to quell restoration of democracy to the land of its con- called the ‘‘Philike Hetairia’’ which translated the Suliote uprising. ception, we also celebrate the triumph of the means ‘‘friendly society.’’ The ‘‘friendly soci- The Suliote women were alone as their hus- human spirit and the strength of man’s will. ety’’ was made up of merchants and other bands battled the Turks at the front. When The goals and values that the people of

VerDate jul 14 2003 19:55 Feb 11, 2005 Jkt 089102 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 0688 Sfmt 9920 E:\BR01\H20MR1.000 H20MR1 March 20, 2001 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE 4055 Greece share with the people of the United of freedom and independence for the people of Greek Independence. I want to thank Con- States reaffirms our common democratic herit- of Greece. Like the Fourth of July, Greek gressman BILIRAKIS and Congresswoman age. This occasion also serves to remind us Independence Day reminds us of our duty to MALONEY for their leadership in organizing to- that we must never take for granted the right defend freedom—whatever the cost. day’s tributes. They are an inspiration to all of to determine our own fate. Every year at this time, my colleagues and us in Congress. As Aristotle stated: ‘‘If liberty and equality, I reflect and remember the great influence Mr. KENNEDY of Rhode Island. Madam as is thought by some are chiefly to be found Greece and Greek democracy had on the Speaker, it is with great pride that I join with in democracy, they will be best attained when founders of the United States. This year, I my colleagues in celebration of the 180th an- all persons alike share in the government to would like to underscore the fact that Greece, niversary of Greek independence. At this time, the utmost.’’ the first democracy, continues its march to be- I would like to thank my colleagues from Flor- Remembering the sacrifice of the brave come fully integrated into the European Union. ida and New York who have once again Greeks who gave their lives for liberty helps On January 1, 2001, Greece became the shown great leadership in initiating this Spe- us all realize how important it is to be an ac- twelfth member of the European Monetary cial Order and organizing the Congressional tive participant in our own democracy. That is Union—the euro-zone. Shops in Greece, Caucus on Hellenic Issues. why we honor those who secured independ- ahead of the required deadlines, are already Greece has often been called the ‘‘cradle of ence for Greece so many years ago. displaying prices in the old drachmas and new democracy,’’ and rightfully so. In an address Ms. PELOSI. Madam Speaker, I rise today euros. Euro banknotes will begin to circulate in that could have been written by one of our in honor of the 180th anniversary of the revo- January 2002, with the drachma, Europe’s old- founding fathers, Pericles wrote over 2,000 lution that freed the Greek people from the est currency, ceasing to be legal tender the years ago, ‘‘Our Constitution is called a de- Ottoman Empire. Although there are no final following March. I myself am sentimental mocracy because power is in the hands not of victories in the long struggle to extend the about seeing an end to the drachma, but I ad- the minority, but of the whole people . . . equal principles of equality and democracy, we mire and respect the economic progress and before the law.’’ The dream that was born so should take advantage of this opportunity to financial stability Greece has demonstrated in many years ago in ancient Athens is still alive celebrate the triumphs of freedom over tyr- order to meet the criteria of membership in the and well today, here in the United States, and anny. European Monetary Union. around the world. I would like to thank the co-Chairs of the The recent achievements of the Greek Without the example of Greece, the United Congressional Caucus on Hellenic Issues, economy were praised by the U.S. Ambas- States might not even be in existence today. Congresswoman CAROLYN MALONEY and Con- sador to Greece, Nicholas Burns, at a late- As we looked to them for inspiration and guid- gressman MICHAEL BILIRAKIS, for their efforts January business conference in Thessaloniki. ance in our early, fragile years, so they looked to organize these statements for Greek Inde- Greece, he said, was an example to all its to us on March 25, 1821, when they shook off pendence Day. For almost 400 years (1453–1821), the northern neighbors who look forward to mem- the repressive bonds of the Ottoman Empire Greek people lived under the brutal domina- bers in the European Union. Ambassador and declared themselves a democracy once tion of the Ottoman Empire. This dark period Burns spoke of the interest now evidenced by again. Since then, they have developed into a was characterized by the denial of all civil American businesses in investment in Greece, strong ally and stabilizing force in their region rights, the closing of Greek schools and especially its northern region. U.S. invest- of the world. churches, and rampant kidnappings of Chris- ments in Greece currently total $2.2 billion, The United States has felt the impact of tian and Jewish children. The Greek Revolu- while bilateral trade increased by some 20 Greece in many other ways, most notably in tion marked the beginning of the struggle that percent. the dedication and hard work of its sons and freed the Greek people and reestablished de- So we celebrate today not just the glorious daughters who have immigrated to our nation. mocracy in Greece. past of Greece, but the promising future. These immigrants have contributed greatly to Since their war of independence, Greece I also want to say a few words about the their communities. In my home state of Rhode has been a strong ally to the United States. In contributions of Greek-Americans to our own Island, there are thriving Greek communities in turn, the U.S. has opened its heart to mul- society and communities. In Worcester, there Providence, Pawtucket and Newport. There— titudes of Greek immigrants. The contributions is no better example of this rich heritage than as they have done across the United States— of the Greek community in the United States the parish of St. Spyridon Greek Orthodox they became active participants in their com- are immeasurable. Greek-Americans have Church and the leadership of the Reverend munity, and we are richer today because of played a significant role in all aspects of Dean N. Paleologos. Located at 102 Russell their great contributions. American life including our arts, sports, medi- Street in Worcester, Massachusetts, St. Because of all that Greece has given to not cine, religion, and politics. In the House of Spyridon is known for its many services and only the United States, but also the entire Representatives, the children of Greek immi- contributions to the community. In addition to world, it is fitting that we honor our strong ally grants have brought their legacy and inspira- running two schools and hosting a food bank, and its sons and daughters within our nation. tion. Congress has been made a better place the church is the home for a number of neigh- Once again, I commend my colleagues for for their contributions. borhood gatherings and meetings where plans their dedication in making this annual Special In San Francisco, the Greek-American com- are made to meet the needs of the commu- Order possible, and look forward to continuing munity is a vital, historic, and vibrant compo- nity. Father Paleologos is an active member in my work with the Hellenic Caucus. nent of our world-renowned diversity. The so- the Worcester Interfaith Council, a coordi- Mr. DIAZ-BALART. Madam Speaker, a dec- cial fabric of San Francisco has benefited from nating group for public action and service by laration of independence is much more than the civic leadership of our late Mayor George the religious community. one man standing his ground against another, Christopher, former Mayor and HUD Regional And St. Spyridon’s parish also knows how or a woman raising a flag in protest, or even Director Art Agnos, and former Golden Gate to celebrate Greek Independence and Greek signatures on a written statement. A declara- Bridge District Board Member Stephan C. heritage. Every two years, more than 60,000 tion of independence is the heart and soul of Leonoudakis. visitors participate in the church’s Greek Fes- democracy. Throughout history, people have Ancient and modern Greece stand as exam- tival. This year, on March 25, the Worcester stood in the face of oppression and demanded ples to people around the world of overcoming Greek community will join the Greek Parade in to be heard. tyranny. They taught the world that the su- Boston, which is supported by the Greek Con- It was ancient Greece that originated the preme power to govern is vested in the people sulate, many Greek and American organiza- basic concept of democracy, in which the su- through self-governance. Wherever tyranny tions, and by the Metropolitan Metahodios. On preme power to govern is vested in the peo- and ethnic cleansing occur, the principles of April 1, 2001, St. Spyridon’s Greek School will ple. The United States adopted this philosophy equality and democracy are also under siege. celebrate Greek Independence Day with a in the framing of our government, and in 1821 As a member of the Congressional Caucus special Doxology, honoring both Greece and your ancestors enshrined this philosophy in on Hellenic Issues, I am proud to stand in rec- America, and by hosting a community program their pursuit of freedom. ognition of the 180th anniversary of Greek of poetry, songs and traditional dances. On March 25, 1821, the Greek people de- Independence Day. On behalf of the more than 1,000 families of clared their independence from the Ottoman Mr. McGOVERN. Madam Speaker, I rise Worcester who celebrate their Greek heritage, Empire. Although true freedom was not today and to speak with pride about 180 years I am honored to be able to support 180 years earned for many years, it was March 25, 1821

VerDate jul 14 2003 19:55 Feb 11, 2005 Jkt 089102 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 0688 Sfmt 9920 E:\BR01\H20MR1.000 H20MR1 4056 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE March 20, 2001 that will be remembered for all time. These the games attracted about 245 athletes to par- friendly competition, and we can come to- brave men and women will forever remain a ticipate in 43 events. At the Sydney 2000 gether in friendship even during the most dif- symbol to the people of Greece and to many Games, more than 10,000 athletes took part in ficult of times. With that, I would like to thank around the globe. 300 events. The Olympic Movement has sur- my colleagues for holding this special order The United States and Greece have been at vived wars, boycotts and terrorism to become and once again congratulate Greece on the the forefront of efforts to promote freedom, de- a symbol of the ability of the people of all na- anniversary of its independence and all of the mocracy and human rights throughout the tions to come together in peace and friend- gifts it has given us. world. These common ideals have forged a ship. And in 2004, the games return to their Mr. KNOLLENBERG. Madam Speaker, I bond between the people of Greece and the home. rise today to celebrate the 180th anniversary United States. It is only appropriate that Amer- Madam Speaker, I am proud to represent a of Greek independence. One hundred and ica join in celebration with all Greek-Ameri- large and active Greek-American community eighty years ago, after nearly 400 years of op- cans on this special occasion. in the Fifth District of Massachusetts. U.S. par- pression under the Ottoman Empire, the cour- It is important to teach America’s youth ticipation in Cyprus settlement efforts, the fight age and commitment to freedom of the Greek about the many different backgrounds that for freedom and human rights for the people people prevailed in a revolution for independ- combine to create our American Heritage, and of Cyprus, the inclusion of Greece in the Visa ence. It is an honor today to celebrate Greek today it is appropriate to highlight Greek- Waiver Pilot Program, and the presentation of Independence Day in the House of Represent- American heritage. the Congressional Gold medal to His All Holi- atives. We have reached a period in time that rivals ness Patriarch Bartholomew have all been pri- Greece and the Greek people have made no other. There are more democratic nations orities for the Greek-American community and remarkable contributions to the United States than ever before, but we must continue to worthy initiatives I’ve been proud to support. I and societies throughout the world. The make certain that those people still living will continue to fight for the interests of Greece achievements of Greek civilization in art, archi- under the hand of oppressive governments, and Greek-Americans and encourage other tecture, science, philosophy, mathematics, and such as the occupied 40% of the beautiful is- Members of Congress to join me. literature have become legacies for nations land of Cyprus, have the tools and resources Mr. LANGEVIN. Madam Speaker, I rise across the globe. In addition, and most impor- necessary to achieve their own self-determina- today in proud recognition of the 180th anni- tantly, the Greek commitment to freedom and tion. versary of Greek Independence. This is a the birth of democracy remains an essential I would like to extend my best wishes to all great day, for it commemorates the return of contribution for which we as Americans are Greek-Americans on this day of celebration. democracy to this, the cradle of Western Civili- eternally grateful. Mr. MEEHAN. Madam Speaker, I rise today zation, after nearly four hundred years of for- Greek civilization has inspired the American in celebration of Greek independence from the eign trade. passion for truth, justice, and the rule of law Ottoman Empire. March 25, 2001 will mark the Greece has always been proud and inde- by the will of the people. The forefathers of 180th anniversary of the start of Greece’s pendent by nature. Its people were a powerful our nation recognized the spirit and idealism struggle for independence from the Turks. force both culturally and militarily, as evi- of ancient Greece when fighting for American The struggle of the Greek people against denced by the works of Homer and the mul- independence and drafting our Constitution. the Ottoman Empire exemplifies the remark- titude of Greek philosophers. The pinnacle of Forty-five years after our own revolution for able ability of a people to overcome all obsta- Greek influence was Alexander the Great and independence, this tradition and commitment cles if the will to endure is strong enough and his unification of the eastern Mediterranean to freedom was carried forward by the Greek the goal, freedom, bright enough. and ancient Middle East. Greek culture was people through their successful revolutionary The parallels between the United States and spread throughout the new empire and for the struggle for sovereignty. Greece are substantial. American political first time, people were communicating with a Greek Americans can take pride today in thought was influenced just as much by Greek common language, sharing ideas in a way the contributions of Greek culture and in their philosophy as the Greek revolution of 1821 never before possible. This hellenization was ancestors’ sacrifice. The effects of the vibrant was inspired by the American fight for freedom an idea that transformed every place it Greek people can be witnesses throughout the in 1776. In fact, Greek intellectuals used the touched. United States in our government, culture, and U.S. Constitution as the basis for its own con- Nearly two thousand years later, another im- economy, as well as in our commitment to stitution in the 1820’s. portant concept from ancient Greece came to freedom and democracy throughout the world. Moreover, the common struggles of our the forefront of modern thought. The concept We, as Americans, are grateful for these gifts. countries have given rise to a bond that spans of ‘‘rule by the people,’’ an alien idea in a time Madam Speaker, it is important for us to the generations. The United States and still dominated by kings and queens, gained recognize and celebrate this day together with Greece have long-standing historical, political, prominence in the young United States. This Greece to reaffirm our common democratic and cultural ties based on a common heritage, was the desire of the framers of our Constitu- heritage. I am proud to join in this celebration shared democratic values, and alliances dur- tion, and they found their inspiration in the and offer my congratulations to Greece and ing World War II, the Korean War, the Cold principles of the polis of Athens. Greeks throughout the world on this very spe- War and the Persian Gulf War. Thirty years later, in 1821, spurred on by cial day. Greece is a country of 11.5 million citizens. the American example, the people of Greece Mr. ACKERMAN. Madam Speaker, I would Its gross domestic product measures approxi- acted upon a desire to be free. The Ottoman like to add my voice to those of my colleagues mately $120.25 billion per year, and it is esti- Turks had conquered the region in 1453, in the House of Representatives in celebration mated that Greece’s economy will grow at a bringing an end to over a thousand years of of Greek Independence Day, March 25th. All rate of five percent annually over the next few rule by the Orthodox-Christian Byzantine Em- of us who love liberty are justified in noting years. Furthermore, Greece has major export pire and its resurgence of Greek culture. After this important day. Greece is the birthplace of markets in the United States, Germany, Italy, a bloody eleven-year war, Greece was finally the democratic ideal, the principle upon which France and the United Kingdom. And as we free once again. all our work here depends. The genius of the all know, Greece has among the richest cul- In the modern era, one of the most impor- American republic and the concept of liberty, tural histories of all nations. The Greek lan- tant reminders of Greek heritage is the Olym- which sustained our fight for independence, guage dates back at least 3,500 years and pic Games, which are finally returning to their cannot be separated from the great works of university education, including books, is free. origins in Athens in 2004 for the 25th Summer the philosophers of ancient Greece. The citizens of Greece are now preparing to Olympic Games. Every four years, the Olym- Every ethnic group in the United States can host the 2004 Olympic Games, an honor that pics have symbolized peace and excellence claim a special bond to our nation’s essence. holds particular historical significance for them. for people the world over, reassuring us that But Greek-Americans can take special pride in Beginning in 776 B.C., the Olympic Games even the smallest nation can compete on an knowing that our constitution’s organizing prin- were held in the valley of Olympia in Greece equal ground with the largest country. ciple, ‘‘a government of the people, by the every four years for almost 1200 years. The Madam Speaker, it is this feeling that I be- people and for the people’’ came to our modern Olympic Games were created by lieve is the greatest contribution Greece has shores from the heart of the Aegean. Baron Pierre de Coubertin and inspired by the given to our world. We are all equal, whether Madam Speaker, Greece has been a friend ancient games. First staged in 1896 in Athens, it is in our democratic government, or in and ally to the United States longer than many

VerDate jul 14 2003 19:55 Feb 11, 2005 Jkt 089102 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 0688 Sfmt 9920 E:\BR01\H20MR1.000 H20MR1 March 20, 2001 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE 4057 countries have been in existence. And, pendence Day is a celebration for both Greek descent; it is a day that should also honor our through immigration, our nation has been the and American freedom. own nation’s democratic principles. great beneficiary of the strength, wisdom and I would like to thank the other members of Greece and the United States have shared creativity of Greece’s sons and daughters. Mil- the Congressional Caucus on Hellenic Issues, a common past. We have fought wars to- lions of Americans who can trace their family and particularly the co-chairs, my friend, the gether, we are NATO partners, we maintain roots back to Greece have contributed in gentleman from Florida (Mr. BILIRAKIS) and my sound diplomatic relations. We are successful countless ways, large and small, to the great- friend, the gentlewoman from New York (Mrs. partners on the world stage. ness, prosperity and harmony of the United MALONEY), for their efforts in organizing this fit- The citizens of the United States are eager States. ting tribute. to celebrate the Games of the 28th Olympiad I believe the influence of Greece on our na- Mr. SHERMAN. Madam Speaker, on March in Athens. tion is underappreciated because it is so ubiq- 25th, 1821, 180 years ago this week, the Therefore, all Americans celebrate Greek uitous. We see it in our nation’s architecture, Greek people declared their independence, Independence Day, for it is the commemora- it surrounds us in our theater and humanities, throwing off the yoke of four centuries of Otto- tion of all that we believe in, and all that our it is instilled in our national intellect at all of man oppression. forefathers fought for—life, liberty, and the our great universities. We need only look Greek freedom fighters looked to the Amer- pursuit of happiness. around this chamber to sense how critical ican revolution and American democracy for Mrs. MORELLA. Madam Speaker, I rise Greece’s legacy to our country has been. inspiration, and adopted their own declaration today in recognition of Greek Independence Madam Speaker, I want to thank my col- of independence. Our Founding Fathers in Day. One hundred and eighty years ago leagues, Representative MICHAEL BILIRAKIS turn were guided by the democratic principles Greece began the struggle against the Otto- and Representative CAROLYN MALONEY, for that first arose in Greece. They took to heart man empire that would lead to their independ- helping to organize this salute to Greek Inde- the ideals of ancient Greece, the birthplace of ence. Americans have celebrated our connec- pendence Day. I know that the whole House democracy. tion with Greece throughout our history. Thom- will join me in congratulating the Greek peo- This is a day for us to reflect on the vital al- as Jefferson once said, ‘‘. . . To the ancient ple, and all Americans of Hellenic descent, on liance between Greece and the United States Greeks . . . we are all indebted for the light and to pay our debt to Hellenic ideals and to this special occasion. which led ourselves [American colonists] out Mrs. KELLY. Madam Speaker, I rise today Hellenic culture. It is a day for Greek Ameri- of Gothic darkness.’’ to join my colleagues to commemorate the cans to take pride in the independence of Our nations have a common democratic 180th Anniversary of the Greek revolution. In Greece and in the ancient culture of all Hel- bond that have led us to look to one another 1821, the Greeks, after nearly 400 years of lenes. for examples for our governing bodies. It is of Since its liberation, Greece has stood by slavery under the Ottoman Empire took up course the philosophies of the ancient Greeks America. It is my hope and belief that the arms and fought for their freedom. March 25, that inspired our founding fathers to pursue United Sates will continue to stand by its ally. 1821 marked the beginning of this Greek revo- freedom through the Declaration of Independ- Greece is one of three nations in the world be- lution and their struggle for independence. ence. In turn it is this same document that the yond the former British Empire that has been For many centuries, Greece, the birthplace Greeks used to declare their freedom from the allied with the United States in every major of democracy, was subject to foreign domina- Ottoman Empire. international conflict of this century. One out of tion and political control under the Ottoman It is not only our form of government that we every 9 Greeks lost their lives fighting the Empire. Unfortunately, the Greeks did not have learned from the Greeks. One only has Nazis during World War II. And through U.S. enjoy the freedoms given in a democracy and to look around our nation’s capital to see how generosity, through the Marshall plan, Greece so, with a strong determination for liberty, they we have been influenced by Greek art. From was able to rebuild its war-ravaged economy. began a lengthy crusade. When the fighting We must also remember that there remain the Capitol building to the Lincoln and Jeffer- began, Greece came under fire in several problems in the eastern Mediterranean, prob- son Memorials, we have incorporated their areas ranging from its Northern province of lems between Greece and the successor to its styles. In addition, a large part of our culture Macedonia, to a near-war that began over the former colonial master, Turkey. We must work has been shaped by ancient Greek philosophy island of Imia near the coast-land of Turkey. to bring peace to the Aegean and the eastern and their approach to science. In recent his- The prospects for the rebels’ success were Mediterranean. tory Greece has been 1 of only 3 nation’s that not always promising. In fact, they were aided I hope that our new Administration will use have allied with the United States in every by several of their European neighbors who its considerable influence with Ankara to con- major international conflict. During World War came to their assistance. England, France and vince the leadership there to support a peace- II, 600,000 Greeks gave their lives in the fight Russia sent their naval fleets to help defuse ful and just resolution to the outstanding prob- for freedom. the Egyptian navy, which was helping the lems between our two allies. Most importantly, The contributions that Greek-Americans Ottoman Turks exploit internal strife within the I hope that our government can convince the have made in communities around the United Greek ranks. These nations came together to Turkish side to negotiate in good faith on the States are to be commended. Greek-Ameri- break the bonds of the Ottomans’ tyranny, and continued occupation and division of Cyprus. cans commonly establish groups that form ties help the Greek people win the right of self de- Madam Speaker, again, I want to urge all to maintain appreciation of their cultural herit- termination. On March 22, 1829, Greece my colleagues to pay tribute to Greek Inde- age, provide opportunities for social inter- emerged from their fierce campaign for de- pendence and to all of the contributions made action, while preserving traditions and the mocracy and created the modern Greek state. by Hellenes throughout history. Greek language for future generations. Addi- Here in the United States we owe a debt of Mr. SCHROCK. Madam Speaker, I rise tionally, the contributions that Greek-Ameri- gratitude to the many Greeks whose labor has today to commemorate the 180th Anniversary cans have made in the business community helped to build this great nation. Throughout of Greek Independence Day. are unsurpassed. Through the utilization of the our history, the United States and Greece Over 200 years ago, our Founding Fathers American tradition of small, family owned busi- have shared a unique bond in that both na- turned to the scholarly teachings of ancient nesses the Greek-American community has tions have struggled for the right to freedom Greek philosophers and statesmen in order to prospered. and self-governance. Clearly, our Founding form ‘‘a more perfect Union.’’ These inspira- Madam Speaker, the eighth congressional Fathers had a deep admiration for the ancient tional teachings about the virtues of democ- district of Maryland, which I represent, has the Greeks who championed their own independ- racy served as the basis of our own represent- 17th largest population of Greek-Americans in ence and modeled the American form of gov- ative form of government. the United States. I am proud of the contribu- ernment upon the principles of Greek democ- On March 25, 1821, these teachings came tions that these community leaders have made racy. The ideology of Greece can be found in full circle when the Greeks fought to regain to Montgomery County and our nation. I join our own Constitution and these common the freedom, liberty, and individual rights they with them in celebrating Greek Independence ideals have promoted a strong bond between first taught to the world. Now, 180 years later, Day and urge my colleagues to join me in rec- our two nations. We share a similar devotion the Greek system of democracy is in full force ognizing the achievements of Greek-Ameri- for additional nations to join in our mutual val- and serves as an inspiration to us all. cans. ues, goals and respect by embracing the The celebration of Greek Independence Day Mr. LANTOS. Madam Speaker, I rise today rights and liberties we hold dear. Greek Inde- should not be reserved to only those of Greek to join in marking the 180th anniversary of the

VerDate jul 14 2003 19:55 Feb 11, 2005 Jkt 089102 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 0688 Sfmt 9920 E:\BR01\H20MR1.000 H20MR1 4058 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE March 20, 2001 independence of Greece today. The winning independence after eight years of all-out war in Greece’s struggle for autonomy. And over of independence almost two centuries ago and four centuries of oppression. the years, we have worked side-by-side with marked the culmination of struggle of the In their fight for independence, the Greeks Greek leaders to oppose tyranny and oppres- Greek people to restore the ideals of democ- looked to the American Revolution as their sion and advance the cause of democracy racy established by their ancestors. ideal, even translating the Declaration of Inde- worldwide. In 1821, under the leadership of Alexandros pendence and using it as their own. In an But our ties with Greece do not end with Ypsilantis, the Greek people fought together to 1821 address, Greek Commander in Chief this shared commitment to the principles of establish Greek sovereignty. The courageous Petros Mavromichalis said to American citi- democracy. Indeed, today more than 1 million efforts of Ypsilantis planted a seed in the zens, ‘‘. . . it is in your land that liberty has people of Greek descent live in the United hearts of the Greek people. This seed grew fixed her abode . . . trusting that in imitating States. These men and women have made in- into a flourishing movement that led to reli- you, we shall imitate our ancestors and be numerable contributions to our society and gious freedom, a reinvigorated sense of cul- thought worthy of them if we succeed in re- way of life, and for this we thank them. tural and national identity, and the long await- sembling you . . .’’ Colleagues, please join me in saluting the ed return to the democratic ideals born in An- While the Greeks may have looked to the people of Greece for their tremendous com- cient Greece. American Revolution as a blueprint for their mitment to democracy and the principles that Madam Speaker, while we are here today to own revolution, it is us, the citizens of the helped to found our nation. pay tribute to the anniversary of Greek Inde- United States, who will forever be in debt to Mrs. CAPPS. Madam Speaker, as a mem- pendence, I want also to pay tribute to the the Greeks. For it is they who forged the very ber of the Hellenic Caucus I am pleased to Greek-American community, which offers us a notion of democracy. And without that notion, address the House in recognition of the 180th cultural bridge between our two countries. This the United States may have never come to be anniversary of the revolution that freed the community justly takes pride that Greek ideals what it is today. In the words of Thomas Jef- Greek people from the Ottoman Empire. This contributed to America’s revolution even be- ferson, ‘‘. . . to the ancient Greeks . . . we Sunday, on March 25th, people of Greek herit- fore the Greeks themselves had the oppor- are all indebted for the light which led our- age all over the world will celebrate Greek tunity to succeed in their campaign for free- selves out of Gothic darkness . . .’’ Independence Day. dom. It is important for us to commemorate It is my hope that the relationship between In 1821, the Greeks rose up against the op- this day together to reaffirm our common the people of Greece and the people of Amer- pressive Ottoman Empire, which had occupied democratic heritage. ica will continue to advance our understanding Greece for nearly four centuries. This was the The Founding Fathers of our nation were in- of democracy and that the hardships experi- beginning of a successful struggle for freedom spired and motivated by the Athenian model of enced by those in both countries will offer and independence. The Greek people sought democracy. In 370 B.C., Plato wrote in The hope to all nations struggling for justice today. the right to govern themselves and to deter- Republic, ‘‘Democracy is a charming form of I urge my colleagues to join me today in mine their own destiny. government, full of variety and disorder, and commending those of Greek heritage for all It is important that we recognize this day not dispensing a kind of equality to equals and they have overcome and for all they have con- only because the Greek people are a vibrant unequals alike.’’ As participants in a represent- tributed in the hope of making the world community which has made lasting contribu- ative democracy, those of us in this Congress around them better for everyone. tions to the United States, but also because recognize our great debt to the ancient Greek Ms. SANCHEZ. Madam Speaker, I rise the ancient Greeks forged the notion of de- philosophers who provided much of the foun- today to recognize the great nation of Greece mocracy. They believed in the right of self- dation of American democracy. and celebrate with its citizens 180 years of governance—one of the pillars of our great Madam Speaker, I invite my colleagues to independence from the Ottoman Empire. nation. In fact, when forming a fledgling de- join me in observing Greek Independence When we think about democracy in Greece, mocracy, our Founding Fathers relied heavily Day. As a member of the Congressional Cau- inevitably our thoughts drift to the country’s on the political wisdom of the ancient Greeks. cus on Hellenic Issues, I take this opportunity venerable ancients: Solon, the lawmaker who Thomas Jefferson once called ancient Greece to salute the Greek people for their historic framed Athens’ constitution; the philosopher ‘‘the light which led ourselves out of Gothic achievement of independence nearly two cen- Socrates and his disciple Plato; Pericles, the darkness.’’ turies ago, and I recommit myself to work for leader of democratic politics in Athens. These This day is doubly significant for many in closer ties between the people of the United men helped shape our concepts of philosophy, Greece and for Greek-Americans, because it States and the people of Greece. art, science and drama. Their writings and was on this day in the Orthodox calendar that Mr. NADLER. Madam Speaker, I rise today teachings influenced generations of great the archangel Gabriel appeared to Mary and to commemorate Greek Independence Day. thinkers and are still in use at colleges and announced that she was pregnant with the di- March 25, 2001 marks the 180th anniversary universities around the world today. They pro- vine child. Churches in Greece celebrate the of the beginning of the revolution which freed vided the basis for our founding fathers’ es- Festival of the Annunciation with pomp and the Greek people from the Ottoman Empire— says and treaties on life, liberty and the pur- circumstance, and Greek Independence Day a struggle that would last without relief for suit of happiness. is celebrated with parades and celebrations in eight years. However, despite the fact that these men cities across Greece and the United States. For nearly 400 years, Greece remained helped develop the ideals of democracy that Greek Independence Day is historically sig- under the control of this oppressive regime. we Americans hold so dear, it was not until nificant in other ways as well. It marks the first During this time, they were stripped of all civil 1821 that the Greek people declared inde- major war of liberation after the American rights. Their schools were closed down, their pendence and moved from beneath the thumb Revolution. It was also the first successful young boys were kidnapped and raised as of the Ottoman Empire. This movement struggle for independence from the Ottoman Muslems to serve in the Turkish army, and marked the beginning of true democratic free- Empire. millions of their people were executed as the dom within the modern nation of Greece, and Madam Speaker, I am pleased that we have Ottoman Empire sought to maintain control. it is this courageous action that we honor taken time out today to recognize this very im- But the people of Greece persevered. They today. portant day in Greek history. began secretly educating their children in The rebellion began in March 1821 when Mr. GEKAS. Madam Speaker, three years churches and chapels across the country. By Alexandros Ypsilantis, the leader of the revolu- before Prince Ypsilantis and Archbishop the early 1800’s, the Greeks’ desire for inde- tionary Philiki Etaireia crossed the Prut River Germanos embarked on thier crusades to lib- pendence was fueled by this continued edu- into Turkish-held Moldavia with a small force erate Greece from the Ottomans, the English cation. They became deeply interested in their of troops. Although Ypsilantis was defeated, poet Lord Byron released the fourth canto of ancient past and their folk culture. In 1814, his actions sparked a number of revolts his work Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage. Two lines Greek merchants in Odessa, Russia, formed against the Turks on March 25, 1821, the tra- from that work resonate powerfully with me on the Friendly Society which eventually orga- ditional date of Greek independence. this the 180th Greek Independence Day: nized a movement against the Ottoman Turks The Greeks’ struggle for freedom inspired ‘‘Yet Freedom, yet thy banner, torn, but fly- that led to a Greek revolt. Fighting with what many Americans, who left our country to fight ing, was once described as ‘‘suicidal courage de- for Greece’s Independence. Our great Con- Streams like the thunder-storm against the spite meager resources’’, the Greeks won their gress also sent money and supplies to assist wind.’’

VerDate jul 14 2003 19:55 Feb 11, 2005 Jkt 089102 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 0688 Sfmt 9920 E:\BR01\H20MR1.000 H20MR1 March 20, 2001 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE 4059 Of course, Bryon was a passionate And where are they? and where are thou, History tells us that it was the ancient philhellene who tirelessly promoted the cause My country? On thy voiceless shore Greeks who developed the concept of democ- of Greek independence. In fact, few may actu- The heroic lay is tuneless now— racy. In itself, democracy was a revolutionary The heroic bosom beats no more! ally know, but the renowned romantic poet And must thy lyre, so long devine, ideal, placing the power to govern in the was named commander-in-chief of the Greek Degenerate into hands like mine? hands of the people. After 2,500 years, man- Army of Independence in January of 1824 in ’Tis something, in the dearth of fame, kind is only beginning to grasp the magnitude recognition of his enormous contributions to Though link’d among a fetter’d race, of what the ancient Greeks achieved. Through the cause of freedom and liberty for all To feel at least a patriot’s shame, dozens of generations, through the rise and Greeks. Even as I sing, suffuse my face; fall of great empires, through wars and Byron eloquently conveyed the undying For what is left the poet here? plagues, through depressions and economic yearning for liberty that beat in the breast of For Greeks a blush—For Greece a tear. revolutions, through the triumphs and travails every Greek two centuries ago. Like a call to Must we but weep o’er days more blest? of human affairs, one thing has endured: the arms, the words of his poems inflamed the Must we but blush?—Our fathers bled. dream of democracy. spirit of Freedom within patriots throughout the Earth! render back from out thy breast Greek-Americans have enriched our country A remnant of our Spartan dead! Balkans. And, Byron’s ability to recruit a regi- enormously, in every profession, in every re- ment of liberation troops, and fund many oth- Of the three hundred grant but three, To make a new Thermoplyae! gion, in every walk of life. Cities across Amer- ers, served to take these emboldened men to ica take their names from such places as Ath- victory. By 1829, the Ottoman sultan had been What, silent still? and silent all? Ah! no;—the voices of the dead ens and Corinth and Delphi and Sparta. forced to sign the Treaty of Adrianople liber- Sound like a distant torrent’s fall, And of course, our country would not exist ating Greece and insuring that the birthplace And answer, ‘Let one living head, if the ancient Greek city-states had not devel- of democracy would be set on a path of But one arise,—we come, we come!’ oped the world’s most revolutionary idea—de- democratic renewal herself. ’Tis but the living who are dumb. mocracy. Our founding fathers studied history On this day every year, Greeks celebrate In vain—in vain: strike other chords; closely and revered deeply the works of the the momentous acts that led to the birth of the Fill high the cup with Samian wine! ancient Greeks. Thomas Jefferson, the author Hellenic Republic. Over one million Greek Leave battles to the Turkish hordes, of the Declaration of Independence, once ob- Americans join in that celebration. I am proud And shed the blood of Scio’s vine! Hark! rising to the ignoble call— served, ‘‘Greece was the first of civilized na- to do so this year, as well. tions, presenting examples of what man Yet, I want to take this moment to thank and How answers each bold Bacchanal! You have the Pyrrhic dance as yet; should be.’’ celebrate those Americans, Britons and others Although democracy is a significant com- who adopted the cause of Greece as their Where is the Pyrrhic phalanx gone? Of two such lessons, why forget mon value that strengthens the bond between own. While Lord Byron lost his life in the The nobler and the manlier one? the United States and Greece, we must real- cause of Greek Independence, succumbing to You have the letters Cadmus gave— ize there is more to this relationship. Greece’s an illness he recklessly disregarded earlier to Think ye he meant them for a slave? major role in World War II provided tremen- join the Greek crusade, he was not the only Fill high the bowl with Samian wine! dous setbacks to the Axis offensive. Further- philhellene to sacrifice greatly that the Greek We will not think of themes like these! more, Greece remained an important ally people may live free of foreign tyranny. With- It made Anacreon’s song devine: throughout the Cold War and the struggle to out all of them, Greece would not have re- He served—but served Polycrates— promote our democratic values around the turned to the fold of free nations. Without them A tyrant; but our masters then Were still, at least, our countrymen. globe. the land that birthed democracy, in a very real Today, the United States and Greece are sense, would have died under the weight of The tyrant of the Chersonese Was freedom’s best and bravest friend; leaders in the pursuit to promote democracy, foreign oppression. human rights, freedom, and peace. President So on this joyful day, let me say thank you That tyrant was Miltiades! Oh! that the present hour would lend Clinton referred to Greece as ‘‘a beacon of de- to the philhellenes, as a Greek American, and Another despot of the kind! mocracy, a regional leader for stability, pros- as one who cherishes the inalienable right of Such chains as his were sure to bind. perity and freedom.’’ all men to live free. Fill high the bowl with Samian wine! Greece has been a friend and ally for more Madam Speaker, I submit a recitation of an- On Suli’s rock, and Parga’s shore, than the last century and we will stand by her other poem. A poem the late Lord Byron wrote Exists the remnant of a line to peacefully resolve the situation in Cyprus in lament of an enslaved Greece. Could the Such as the Doric mothers bore; and other challenges that the twenty-first cen- Commander in Chief have truly known how And there, perhaps, some seed is sown, The Heracleidan blood might own. tury may bring. profoundly thankful generations to come would So today, I am proud to join with Greek Trust not for freedom to the Franks— be for his words and deeds? Americans and the Greek people in celebra- THE ISLES OF GREECE They have a king who buys and sells; In native swords, and native ranks, tion of Greek Independence Day, reaffirming (By Lord Byron) The only hope of courage dwells: the democratic principles from which our two ‘‘The isles of Greece, the isles of Greece! But Turkish force, and Lation fraud, nations were born and which have shaped our Where burning Sappho loved and sung, Would break your shield, however broad. world. America and Greece have special re- Where grew the arts of war and peace, Fill high the bowl with Samian wine! sponsibilities in this quest—the United States Where Delos rose and Phoebus sprung! Our virgins dance beneath the shade— Eternal summer gilds them yet, as the world’s strongest democracy, Greece I see their glorious black eyes shine; But all, except their sun, is set. as the world’s first. But if we engage fully in But gazing on each glowing maid, the changing world beyond our borders, we The Scian and the Teian muse, My own the burning tear-drop laves, The hero’s harp, the lover’s lute, To think such breasts must suckle slaves. can build a future in which all nations enjoy Have found the fame your shores refuse: prosperity, democracy, and peace. Place me on Sunium’s marbled steep, Mr. COYNE. Madam Speaker, I am honored Their place of birth alone is mute Where nothing, saves the waves and I, To sounds which echo further west May hear our mutual murmurs sweep; today to join in this special order commemo- Then your sires’ ‘Islands of the Blest.’ There, swan-like, let me sing and die: rating the 180th anniversary of Greece’s inde- The mountains look on Marathon— A land of slaves shall ne’er be mine— pendence from the Ottoman Empire. And Marathon looks on to sea; Dash down yon cup of Samian wine.’’ 180 years ago, in 1831, Greek patriots rose And musing there an hour alone, Mr. BAIRD. Madam Speaker, I rise today to up against their Ottoman overlords in a long I dream’d that Greece might still be free; and bloody revolution that lasted nearly eight For standing on the Persians’ grave, take a moment to observe the 180th anniver- I could not deem myself a slave. sary of Greek Independence Day. March 25th, years. The cause of Greek independence re- quired great courage, perseverance and sac- A king sate on the rocky brow 1821, marked the beginning of the revolution Which looks o’er the sea-born Salamis; that freed the Greek people from the Ottoman rifice. The Greek people experienced frequent And ships, by thousands, lay below, Empire. Indeed, today should be a inter- adversity and hardships, but their struggle And men in nations;—all were his! national celebration not just of Greek freedom continued. Many brave men and women lost He counted them at break of day— and independence, but it should be a celebra- their lives in this fight, and freedom was not And when the sun set where were they? tion democracy throughout the world. won without considerable cost. In the end,

VerDate jul 14 2003 19:55 Feb 11, 2005 Jkt 089102 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 0688 Sfmt 9920 E:\BR01\H20MR1.000 H20MR1 4060 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD—HOUSE March 20, 2001 however, the Greek people never wavered in common democratic heritage of Greeks and It is my hope that this spirit of rising their struggle for freedom, and the land that Americans. above differences will serve to inspire was once the cradle of democracy was again Mr. WAXMAN. Madam Speaker, I am other nations as we move forward into free. pleased to join my colleagues in celebrating the 21st century. This day is very special to the people of 180 years of Greek Independence. On behalf of the people of the 6th America because Greece and the United March 25, the official Greek independence Congressional District of Massachu- States have much in common. Our shared day, is a proud day for Greeks across the setts, I wish to extend congratulations democratic ideals have formed a basis for a world. It is a powerful reminder of the strength to the people of Greece and all of the strong and sustained friendship. Furthermore, and determination inspired by the ideals of people of Greek heritage in the United the writings of early Greek philosophers like freedom and self governance, and an impor- States on this important holiday. Plato and Polybius were adopted by many pa- tant opportunity for Congress to rise and rec- I am honored to have been selected to triots of the American Revolution, who used ognize the shared values and goals between be an honorary grand marshal in this their words as inspiration. Even today, Greece Greece and the United States. year’s independence day parade in Bos- remains one of our most loyal partners and Greece is a remarkable country with an ex- ton. I look forward to sharing in the democratic allies in the global community. ceptional past and a tremendous future. Its celebration once again with my con- In recognition of this historic event, the proud heritage as the ancient founder of de- stituents. It is my hope that the new House has repeatedly observed this annual mocracy has evolved with great accomplish- millennium will bring forth many more commemoration of Greek independence. Re- ments like the war of independence, member- years of positive and productive rela- cently, the Senate passed a resolution desig- ship in NATO, and partnership in the Euro- tions between the United States and nating March 25, 2001, as ‘‘Greek Independ- pean Union. Greece. ence Day: A National Day of Celebration of I join my colleagues in recognition of this f Greek and American Democracy’’. special occasion and the strong U.S.-Greece Madam Speaker, it is only appropriate that LESSONS OF GREEK relationship. The ties between our two coun- INDEPENDENCE we recognize these Greek patriots who shed tries are underscored by strategic economic, blood for the same principles of freedom and The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a military, and diplomatic ties, and are contin- previous order of the House, the gen- self-government that inspired the patriots of ually enhanced by the activism of vibrant Hel- tleman from Connecticut (Mr. SIM- our own revolution here in America. Con- lenic-American communities across the United sequently, it is appropriate that all of us, as MONS) is recognized for 5 minutes. States. Americans, share in the celebration of this mo- Mr. SIMMONS. Madam Speaker, I mentous occasion. I am honored to join my f stand here today in a Chamber that has colleagues in commemorating the 180th anni- HONORING THE 180TH ANNIVER- for centuries witnessed on a daily basis versary of Greek independence. SARY OF GREEK INDEPENDENCE the dreams and the fruits of American independence. Today, we remember Mr. MENENDEZ. Madam Speaker, I rise The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under a that it was March 25, 1821, that the today to honor the 180th Anniversary of Greek previous order of the House, the gen- Greeks rose up to seek their independ- Independence Day. The annual celebration tleman from Massachusetts (Mr. commemorates the day the Greek people took ence. As has always been the case, the TIERNEY) is recognized for 5 minutes. up arms against the Ottoman Empire in 1821. price of that independence was high. Mr. TIERNEY. Madam Speaker, I Greek independence is a matter of And today, it stands as the defining moment in rise today and join my colleagues who the establishment and preservation of modern special interest to me because of my spoke just prior to me in honor of the family and, in particular, my wife, democratic ideals espoused by Greek society. 180th anniversary of the Greek inde- The Greek and American people share a Heidi. My wife, Heidi, is the great, pendence. As a Member of the congres- common heritage that cannot be overlooked. great granddaughter of a young 4-year- sional caucus on Hellenic issues, I once The foundation of America’s democracy is old survivor of the Battle of again join those colleagues and others based on the democratic principles estab- Missolongi. For those of my colleagues lished by the ancient Greeks. The political and in paying tribute to the nation of who recall those events, it was philosophical beliefs of the ancient Greeks en- Greece and its people. Missolongi that rose up against Otto- abled our Founding Fathers to craft a Con- As we all know, as was so eloquently man rule. It was Missolongi that cap- stitution and to establish a government that put forth by the gentleman from Flor- tured the attention of Lord Byron, and holds high the ideals of equality and justice. ida (Mr. BILIRAKIS) and the gentle- it was Missolongi where some of the During its struggle for independence, Greece woman from New York (Mrs. harshest battles of Greek independence looked to the Declaration of Independence MALONEY), ancient Greece was the were fought. and the American Revolution for inspiration. fountain of democratic ideals and val- When Missolongi finally fell, the sur- The annual Greek Independence Day pa- ues for the rest of the world, and her vivors numbered only a few thousand rade will be held on Sunday, March 25, 2001. modern counterpart has been steadfast women and children, one of them the 4- On that day, the streets of New York City will in ensuring that the philosophic tradi- year-old great, great grandmother of overflow with the pride and passion of the tions of the past are actively practiced. my wife, Catherine, or Haidine, ‘‘the Greek-American community. Greek Independ- Today, we celebrate the triumph of forsaken one,’’ as she was known. She ence Day is not only significant because it the ideal of self-government in recog- was impressed into the household of an marks the beginning of the liberation of nizing the achievements of the Greeks Egyptian admiral and relocated to Al- Greece from Ottoman rule, but also because who so valiantly fought for independ- exandria, Egypt, where 3 years later, at it presents an opportunity for all Greek-Ameri- ence. We also recognize the debt of the age of 7, she came to the attention cans to reflect on the important economic and gratitude that the citizens of the of a British diplomat. The British dip- cultural contributions their community has United States and many other nations lomat offered to buy her out of slavery, made to American society. owe for the ideals upon which the but the offer was refused, until a few It is especially comforting to see the support American democratic experiment is months later, she became sick, at and guidance that the National Coordinated based. which point the offer was accepted and Effort of Helenes and the Federation of Hel- Greece, at the juncture between con- the sick little girl was delivered to the lenic Societies, as well as other Greek-Amer- tinents, continues to be actively in- diplomat’s family. He and his wife ican organizations provide their community volved in the international commu- nursed her back to health, they relo- members—ensuring that past accomplish- nity, maintaining excellent relations cated to England where she was adopt- ments are celebrated and commemorated, with the United States, Europe and ed, educated, raised up, and eventually while also ensuring future success by pro- other nations. We all remember the re- married to the son of an admiral. They viding opportunities for advancement in edu- cent response to the devastating earth- relocated to Canada and eventually to cation and the workplace. quake in Turkey as an example of the the United States. Today, I ask my colleagues to join me in commitment of goodwill that the So, Madam Speaker, the story of honoring Greek Independence Day and the Greek people continually demonstrate. Greek independence is also the story of

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