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CINEMA COMPARAT/IVE CINEMA VOLUME V · Nº10 · 2017 THE STAR SYSTEM IN EUROPE: STAR STUDIES TODAY Editors: Gonzalo de Lucas (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) and Albert Elduque (University of Reading). Associate Editors: Núria Bou (Universitat Pompeu Fabra) and Xavier Pérez (Universitat Pompeu Fabra). Advisory Board: Dudley Andrew (Yale University, United States), Jordi Balló (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain), Raymond Bellour (Université Sorbonne-Paris III, France), Francisco Javier Benavente (Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Nicole Brenez (Université Paris 1-Panthéon-Sorbonne, France), Maeve Connolly (Dun Laoghaire Institut of Art, Design and Technology, Irleland), Thomas Elsaesser (University of Amsterdam, Netherlands), Gino Frezza (Università de Salerno, Italy), Chris Fujiwara (Edinburgh International Film Festival, United Kingdom), Jane Gaines (Columbia University, United States), Haden Guest (Harvard University, United States), Tom Gunning (University of Chicago, United States), John MacKay (Yale University, United States), Adrian Martin (Monash University, Australia), Cezar Migliorin (Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brasil), Alejandro Montiel (Universitat de València), Meaghan Morris (University of Sidney, Australia and Lignan University, Hong Kong), Raffaelle Pinto (Universitat de Barcelona), Ivan Pintor (Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Àngel Quintana (Universitat de Girona, Spain), Joan Ramon Resina (Stanford University, United States), Eduardo A.Russo (Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina), Glòria Salvadó (Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Yuri Tsivian (University of Chicago, United States), Vicente Sánchez Biosca (Universitat de València, Spain), Jenaro Talens (Université de Genève, Switzerland and Universitat de València, Spain), Michael Witt (Roehampton University, United Kingdom). Contributors: María Adell, Vicente J. Benet, Marga Carnicé Mur, Fernando Ganzo, Rebecca Anne Peters, Fang Qi, Martin Shingler. Translators: Michael Bunn, Anna Rosenberg, Martin Boyd, Fernando Ganzo, Robert Prieto, Albert Elduque, Anna Piñol. Original design and layout: Pau Masaló (original design), Núria Gómez Gabriel (website and PDF layouts). Acknowledgements: Axelle Ropert, Eva Woods Peiró, Marta Verheyen Maynau. Publisher: Aesthetic Research of Audiovisual Media Group (CINEMA), Department of Communication, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF). This issue has been funded with the economic support of Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, from research project “El cuerpo erótico de la actriz bajo los fascismos: España, Italia y Alemania (1939-1945)” (CSO2013-43631-P). Place of publication: Universitat Pompeu Fabra. Communication Poblenou Campus. Roc Boronat, 138 08018, Barcelona (Spain). E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.upf.edu/comparativecinema Cinema Comparat/ive Cinema, Volume 5, No. 10, «The star system in Europe. Star studies today», Barcelona, 2017. Depósito Legal: B.29702-2012 ISSN: 2014-8933 Some rights are reserved. Pulished by Universitat Pompeu Fabra and the Observatory of European Contemporary Cinema under a Creative Commons License. (Reconocimiento – NoComercial – Compartirigual 3.0 Unported). Cover Photo: La carrosse d’or (1952) Presentation Cinema Comparat/ive Cinema is a biannual publication founded Cinema Comparat/ive Cinema is an open access scientific in 2012. It is edited by Colectivo de Investigación Estética de los journal recognized by international indexes such as DOAJ Medios Audiovisuales (CINEMA) at the Universitat Pompeu (Directory of Open Access Journals) and Latindex (Regional Fabra (UPF), and focuses on comparative cinema and the Information System for Online Scientific Journals of Latin reception and interpretation of film in different social and America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal). political contexts. Each issue investigates the conceptual and formal relationships between films, material processes and Finally, each issue of the journal is complemented by production and exhibition practices, the history of ideas and documentary materials and texts published online, which film criticism. facilitate and enrich the topics studied in each volume, thus establishing links between longer research projects and Cinema Comparat/ive Cinema addresses an original area monographic focuses throughout this process. of research, developing a series of methodologies for a comparative study of cinema. With this aim, it also explores the relationship between cinema and comparative literature as well as other contemporary arts such as painting, photography, music or dance, and audio-visual media. Cinema Comparat/ive Cinema is published in three languages: Catalan, Spanish and English. The journal is biannual and the numbers are published in summer and winter. The journal is peer-reviewed and uses internal and external evaluation committees. The journal will also accept visual essays on the topic raised in the issue, both as part of a written article or as an autonomous work. Table of contents EDITORIAL The star system in Europe. Star studies today by Núria Bou and Xavier Pérez .......................................................................................7 ARTICLES Star Studies in Europe by Martin Shingler ....................................................................................................................................................9 To capture the ephemeral by Christian Viviani ...........................................................................................................................................17 Types of stardom during Franco regime: some dominant formulas by Vicente J. Benet...........................................................................26 Perspectives, models and figures of the study of Italian divismo by Marga Carnicé Mur..........................................................................36 FILMS UNDER DISCUSSION. INTERVIEWS White Gypsies: An interview with Eva Woods Peiró by María Adell.......................................................................................................46 A train that derails, does it exist a European star system? A conversation with Axelle Ropert by Fernando Ganzo......................................................................................................................................................................................54 DOCUMENTS The 7 families game: The families of actresses by Axelle Ropert..................................................................................................................65 Cinema and its actors by García Figar ........................................................................................................................................................70 Asking the directors: What foreign actor’s personality corresponds to...? by Josefina de la Torre..................................................................................................................................................................................72 REVIEWS GODART, Caroline. The Dimensions of Difference: Space, Time and Bodies in Women’s Cinema and Continental Philosophy by Fang Qi ...................................................................................................................... 76 BRADATAN, Costica; UNGUREANU, Camil (eds.) Cinema and Sacrifice by Rebecca Anne Peters ............................................... 78 EDITORIAL · Cinema Comparat/ive Cinema · Vol. V· No 10 · 2017 · 7 The star system in Europe. Star studies today Núria Bou and Xavier Pérez In the interview with Axelle Ropert included in this whether actor studies ‘will ever succeed in achieving scientific monographic issue, the French filmmaker and critic reveals a objectivity’, given that this still-incipient field has a tendency childhood experience that many of us will be able to identify towards the irrational and the unexpected. Indeed, stars vary with: from film to film and they adopt different techniques according to their characters: they are polysemic images, difficult to pin ‘I ended up in cinema because of the power of actors and down. But even if they live in different scenarios, wear clothes actresses. During summers in the countryside with my from past centuries or portray, from one movie to the next, grandparents, the only way to watch movies was on television. different nationalities and ideologies, star studies theorists and That’s how I discoveredSingin’ in the Rain (Stanley Donen and historians encourage us to study them as texts. Tytti Soila, in the Gene Kelly, 1952) at age ten. It was an aesthetic revelation: the introduction to the book Stellar Encounters: Stardom in Popular discovery of a universe of extraordinary actors and actresses. European Cinema, paraphrases Judith Butler by suggesting During this initiation period, the director’s name was the last that ‘stardom is not one but many, and to understand the thing I was interested in.’ phenomenon in this sense, we need to know its genealogies, its variations, its differences and its constructions on palimpsests.’ That Edenic phase — when the childhood of the viewer first surrendered to the captivating power of the star system — That child-like fascination for movie stars that Axelle established some revealing rituals that were imbued with an Ropert recalls in the aforementioned interview was rooted, encyclopedic zeal. Throughout the years, the photograph completely and utterly, in the story that emerged from classical and program collections, the collectible cards, the TV series Hollywood’s ‘dream factory’.