Legacy Way Tunnel

Groundwater Level Monitoring Transurban Limited 28-Mar-2018 Doc No. 001

Legacy Way Tunnel

Groundwater Level Monitoring (February 2018)

28-Mar-2018 Prepared for – Transurban Limited – ABN: 96 098 143 410 AECOM Groundwater Level Monitoring Legacy Way Tunnel

Legacy Way Tunnel Groundwater Level Monitoring (February 2018)

Client: Transurban Limited

ABN: 96 098 143 410

Prepared by

AECOM Australia Pty Ltd Level 8, 540 Wickham Street, PO Box 1307, Fortitude Valley QLD 4006, Australia T +61 7 3553 2000 F +61 7 3553 2050 www.aecom.com ABN 20 093 846 925

28-Mar-2018

Job No.: 60558039

AECOM in Australia and New Zealand is certified to ISO9001, ISO14001 AS/NZS4801 and OHSAS18001.

AECOM has prepared this document for the sole use of the Client and for a specific purpose, each as expressly stated in the document. No other party should rely on this document without the prior written consent of AECOM. AECOM undertakes no duty, nor accepts any responsibility, to any third party who may rely upon or use this document. This document has been prepared based on the Client’s description of its requirements and AECOM’s experience, having regard to assumptions that AECOM can reasonably be expected to make in accordance with sound professional principles. AECOM may also have relied upon information provided by the Client and other third parties to prepare this document, some of which may not have been verified. Subject to the above conditions, this document may be transmitted, reproduced or disseminated only in its entirety.

28-Mar-2018 Prepared for – Transurban Limited – ABN: 96 098 143 410 AECOM Groundwater Level Monitoring Legacy Way Tunnel

Quality Information

Document Legacy Way Tunnel

Ref 60558039

Date 28-Mar-2018

Prepared by Janelle Passier

Reviewed by Mark Stewart

Revision History

Authorised Rev Revision Date Details Name/Position Signature

0 26-Mar-2018 DRAFT Mark Stewart Associate Director 1 28-Mar-2018 FINAL Mark Stewart Associate Director

28-Mar-2018 Prepared for – Transurban Limited – ABN: 96 098 143 410 AECOM Groundwater Level Monitoring Legacy Way Tunnel

Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Existing Environment 1 1.2 Topography 1 1.3 Surface Drainage 1 1.4 Rainfall 1 1.5 Geology 2 1.6 Groundwater 2 2.0 Groundwater Level Monitoring 2 2.1 Level loggers 4 2.2 Static Groundwater Levels 5 3.0 Groundwater Level Logger Results 5 3.1 Tunnel alignment 5 3.2 Western Portal 5 3.3 Eastern Portal 5 4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations 9 5.0 Standard Limitations 10 Appendix A Manual Water Level Measurements Field Records A

List of Tables Table 1 Summary of rainfall in proximity to the Legacy Way Tunnel 1 Table 2 Summary of groundwater level monitoring locations 4 Table 3 Summary of manual groundwater level/elevation measurements (February 2018) 6

List of Figures Figure 1 Legacy Way Tunnel groundwater level monitoring locations 3 Figure 2 Groundwater elevations within alluvium along the main Legacy Way Tunnel alignment 7 Figure 3 Groundwater elevations within bedrock along the main Legacy Way Tunnel alignment 7 Figure 4 Groundwater elevations long the western extent of Legacy Way Tunnel alignment 8 Figure 5 Groundwater elevations long the eastern extent of Legacy Way Tunnel alignment 8

28-Mar-2018 Prepared for – Transurban Limited – ABN: 96 098 143 410 AECOM Groundwater Level Monitoring 1 Legacy Way Tunnel

1.0 Introduction Construction of the Legacy Way Tunnel started in April 2011 and the tunnel opened to traffic on 25 June 2015. Transurban Limited (Transurban) is, as part of the Coordinator General's conditions for the Operation and Maintenance phase of the Legacy Way Tunnel, required to monitor groundwater levels in existing monitoring bores along the tunnel alignment. Monitoring of groundwater levels is required for a period of 5 years post-construction. Groundwater ingress into the tunnel is monitored to ensure compliance with tunnel specifications. Transurban commissioned AECOM Australia Pty Ltd (AECOM) to assess the latest groundwater level monitoring data obtained monthly from existing monitoring bores along the tunnel alignment. The objective of the groundwater level monitoring is to assess changes to groundwater levels and identify any ongoing drawdown in the surrounding area as a result of groundwater ingress into the tunnel, including the potential for inflow to occur from the Brisbane River.

1.1 Existing Environment The Legacy Way Tunnel is situated below the inner western suburbs of Brisbane, which includes the suburbs of Toowong, Auchenflower, Milton, Paddington, Red Hill, Kelvin Grove, and Herston (see Figure 1).

1.2 Topography The topography of the surrounding and overlying area is characterised by a series of steep ridges and spurs dissected by linear valleys. The ground surface elevations range from approximately 70 metres above Australian Height Datum (mAHD) near the intersection of Musgrave Road and Kelvin Grove Road (near the eastern tunnel portal) and 50 mAHD near the intersection of Frederick Street and Birdwood Terrace (near the western tunnel portal). The lowest point is mid-tunnel (< 5 mAHD) at Gregory Park, Rosalie. Along the tunnel alignment, the ground surfaces is higher in the west and northwest and falls toward the east and southeast (i.e. to the Brisbane River).

1.3 Surface Drainage The Legacy Way Tunnel is located within two sub-basins, informally referred to as the Brisbane and Enoggera Creek sub-catchments. Most of the tunnel alignment is located within the Brisbane sub- basin, with the eastern most extent of the tunnel located within the Enoggera Creek sub-basin. These sub-catchment areas are drained by a number of small creeks that drain into the Brisbane River. The sub-basins are part of the Lower Brisbane River Catchment that hosts a number of surface water tributaries, including Bellbowrie, Breakfast, Bulimba, Cubberla, Enoggera and Toowong creeks. Within the immediate vicinity of the tunnel, most surface waters are drained via Toowong Creek and Enoggera Creek.

1.4 Rainfall The Brisbane area is characterised by a sub-tropical climate. Rainfall occurs predominantly throughout the summer months (December to February). The mean annual rainfall in proximity to the tunnel is summarised in Table 1. Table 1 Summary of rainfall in proximity to the Legacy Way Tunnel

Mean Annual Rainfall Source Location Station Period (mm)

Brisbane 040913 1999-2018 (Jan) 1,021.6 Bureau of Toowong Bowls Club 040245 1898-2014 (Sept) 1,090.4 Meteorology (BOM) Brisbane Botanic Gardens 040976 2005-2018 (Jan) 1,154.8 Mt Coot-Tha

28-Mar-2018 Prepared for – Transurban Limited – ABN: 96 098 143 410 AECOM Groundwater Level Monitoring 2 Legacy Way Tunnel

1.5 Geology The geology intersected within the Legacy Way Tunnel comprises two low grade metamorphic rock units, namely the Bunya Phyllite and the Neranleigh-Fernvale Beds. The Bunya Phyllite occupies the area along the alignment up to approximately Musgrave Road at the Normanby Fiveways. Further east, the alignment lies within the Neranleigh-Fernvale Beds. The Bunya Phyllite formation consists of phyllite, minor arenites and basic volcanics regionally metamorphosed to greenschist grade. The phyllites are usually dark blue to black and consist principally of quartz, albite, muscovite and chlorite. The Neranleigh-Fernvale Beds overlies the Bunya Phyllite, and comprises shale, chert, jasper, feldspathic and lithic arenite, conglomerate, and basic volcanics. Typical arenites consist of sericite, chlorite, quartz and epidote with accessory zircon. Near the of the tunnel portals, minor surficial deposits of Quaternary-aged alluvium are present consisting of undifferentiated gravel, sand, silt, mud and clay. Based on exposed road cuttings, soils within the vicinity of the tunnel are thin and largely derived from the Bunya Phyllite.

1.6 Groundwater Groundwater resources are associated with the following hydrostratigraphic units:  Bunya Phyllite  Neranleigh-Fernvale Beds  Unconsolidated alluvium sediments. Pre-construction depth to groundwater was generally between 3 metres below ground level (mBGL) and 10 mBGL within the Bunya Phyllite and Neranleigh-Fernvale beds. Depths to water table of greater than 10 metres was recorded at locations of elevated topography (e.g. at NL2-06 and NL2- 14). Groundwater levels within the basement rock aquifers were measured to respond rapidly to rainfall recharge downslope of topographically elevated areas and where deep drainage from water supply infrastructure (i.e. mains, stormwater) and drainage lines occur. Groundwater levels measured within the alluvium were (pre-construction) relatively shallow (< 9 mBGL). Groundwater recharge to these areas is likely to be relatively rapid following rainfall events (unconfined aquifers) and is expected to gradually decline following cessation due to evapotranspiration and limited effective storage.

2.0 Groundwater Level Monitoring Groundwater level data is currently collected by SAS Laboratory, on behalf Transurban, on a monthly basis. SAS Laboratory downloads the groundwater level measurements, recorded automatically at 4 or 12 hourly intervals, from the groundwater level loggers installed in each of the monitoring bores. AECOM uses this monthly data to generate groundwater hydrographs, which are used to assess temporal and spatial groundwater recovery / dewatering trends

28-Mar-2018 Prepared for – Transurban Limited – ABN: 96 098 143 410 TRE E NE S E AD E DY T T C AR T A E E P E T S R T E R E E C U E E R R H E T E N R E T T S H C R A C

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ET GU A E LE S H R S E R T P D T E N R D P US T EE G S C T W E T A E 1 E R E C X S E D VERSION: ET N T TBO D U K R W E B B K R N OOD U IGH E S E S T O TO TO RE O N CK D RO ET L RO A 1 AD D A Filename: O:\Bus_Lines\WIS\Team - T&DS\1_Business_Development\ProjectsWithoutANumber_2017\60522188\02_MXDs\60522188_F1_A3L_MonitoringBoreLocations.mxd A3 size AECOM Groundwater Level Monitoring 4 Legacy Way Tunnel

2.1 Level loggers The data was derived from 20 automated groundwater level loggers (Solinst) and manual water level measurements (i.e. static groundwater levels). The groundwater level monitoring locations are summarised in Table 2 and shown in Figure 1Error! Reference source not found.. The groundwater level loggers measure the total pressure acting on a transducer at their zero point/sensor. The total pressure is a combination of the column of water lying above the logger pressure sensor (i.e. height of water column) and the atmospheric (barometric) pressure acting on the water surface. The groundwater level logger data is barometrically and temperature compensated to obtain true height of water column measurements. All groundwater level logger data was converted to groundwater elevations in mAHD, utilising the measured depth of deployment of the logger, the recorded water column level and the measured depth to water below well casing. The complete post-construction groundwater level data (from April 2015 to July 2017) was not available at the time of reporting due to change in service providers and associated commercial matters related to project data hand-over. As such, the groundwater level data obtained during the February 2018 monitoring event were compared to manual water level readings (where possible) obtained during the construction phase. Table 2 Summary of groundwater level monitoring locations

Alignment Location Bore ID Geological Unit

Traffic Island, Western Mt Coot-Tha Rd, NL2-02 Bedrock Toowong West Round about end, Western Freeway, Toowong NL3-05S Alluvium

Anzac park near bike track and creek, Toowong NL3-16 Alluvium

Cemetery - bottom, Toowong BH108 Bedrock

Cemetery, Toowong BH320 Bedrock

Thorpe Street, Toowong NL2-12 Bedrock

Birdwood Tce, Auchenflower Open Bore – Bedrock and NL2-14 Alluvium

Road outside of Civic Video, Rosalie BH309 Bedrock

Baroona Road bus stop, Rosalie BH311 Bedrock

Elizabeth Street, Rosalie BH312 Bedrock

Baroona Road across from school (next to Main BH313 Bedrock BH313A), Rosalie Baroona Road across from school (next to BH313A Alluvium BH313), Rosalie

Gregory Park, Rosalie NL4- HG10 Alluvium

Ellena St, Paddington NL4- HG6A Alluvium

Ellena St, Paddington NL4-5 Bedrock

Gregory Park, Rosalie NL4-A2 Bedrock

Upper Clifton Tce, Red Hill NL2-06 Bedrock

Lower Clifton Tce, Red Hill NL2-09 Bedrock

Victoria Park Road, Kelvin Grove BH221 Bedrock East Inner City Bypass BH222 Bedrock

28-Mar-2018 Prepared for – Transurban Limited – ABN: 96 098 143 410 AECOM Groundwater Level Monitoring 5 Legacy Way Tunnel

2.2 Static Groundwater Levels Manual groundwater level readings obtained during February 2018 are summarised in Table 3. It was noted that the level logger data was not able to be downloaded for BH309 and NL2-02. Field records of the manual water level measurements are provided in Appendix A.

3.0 Groundwater Level Logger Results Hydrographs of groundwater level elevations against rainfall with time are shown Figure 2 to Figure 5. The rainfall data was obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology’s Brisbane Botanic Gardens Mt Coot- Tha Station (040976) (Table 1).

3.1 Tunnel alignment Groundwater bores monitoring the alluvial (NL4-HG10, BH313A and NL4-HG6A) and basement rock (e.g. BH108, BH320, NL2-06 and NL2-09) aquifers along the tunnel alignment are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, respectively. The groundwater elevations within these areas are recognised to be stable and consistent over the reported monitoring period with previous observations. Notably, the groundwater elevations within the alluvium (BH313A) and bedrock (BH313, NL2-06 and NL2-09) show increases in groundwater elevation in response to rainfall recharge and gradually declines (during periods due to limited effective storage within the alluvium). Predictive groundwater modelling completed for the construction phase (Northern Link, Technical Report 4, Groundwater, June 2008) showed that groundwater level drawdown cone was predicted to develop in the fractured bedrock aquifer approximately 100 metres in width either side of the tunnel alignment one year after construction. The greatest drawdown was predicted to occur within the alluvium at the mid-point of the tunnel alignment (close to Fernberg Road). The post-construction monitoring data collected to date indicate that the groundwater elevations measured in monitoring bores located near the mid-point of the tunnel alignment (BH309, BH311, BH312, BH313 and BH313A) have similar trends and range compared to values observed during the construction phase It is noted that recovery of water levels is ongoing.

3.2 Western Portal The trend in groundwater elevations measured at the western extent of the tunnel at NL2-02 (bedrock), NL3-05S (alluvium) and NL3-16 (alluvium) are consistent with previous monitoring events (Figure 4). The groundwater elevations respond to rainfall recharge downslope of topographically elevated areas (e.g. NL2-02) and where surface water and drainage lines occurs (e.g. local creeks and Mount Coot-Tha Quarry and Brisbane Botanic Garden ponds).

3.3 Eastern Portal Groundwater level monitoring of the eastern portion of the tunnel shows that the groundwater elevations (at BH221 and BH222) have remained relatively constant since April 2017 with no marked fluctuations observed due to rainfall recharge. A decline in groundwater elevation (up to 2.76 mAHD) was observed on 27 September 2017 at BH222 (Figure 5); however, the rebound in groundwater elevation was rapid returning to levels consistent with those observed in July 2017. The measured groundwater elevation was within the range observed between 26 July 2012 to 22 April 2015 (15.36 mAHD to 19.96 mAHD; n =42) during the construction phase.

The post-construction monitoring data collected to date indicate that the inflow of surface water from the Brisbane River into the aquifer and subsequently to the tunnel as a consequence of groundwater drawdown during the operation of the tunnel is unlikely to be occurring. The gradient of the potentiometric surface in the alluvium and fractured rock aquifer is towards the river due to a zone of slightly elevated groundwater between the tunnel and the Brisbane River (e.g. as measured in NL3-16, NL4-HG10 and NL2-12).

28-Mar-2018 Prepared for – Transurban Limited – ABN: 96 098 143 410 AECOM Groundwater Level Monitoring 6 Legacy Way Tunnel

Table 3 Summary of manual groundwater level/elevation measurements (February 2018)

Alignment West Main East

02 16 12 14 06 09

- 05S - - - - -

HG10

HG6A

Bore ID -

NL4

BH108 BH320 BH309 BH311 BH312 BH313 BH221 BH222

NL2 NL3 NL2 NL2 NL2 NL2

NL4

BH313A

NL3

NL4

& &

Geological Unit

Bedrock Bedrock Bedrock Bedrock Bedrock Bedrock Bedrock Bedrock Bedrock Bedrock Bedrock Bedrock Bedrock Bedrock

Alluvium Alluvium Alluvium Alluvium Alluvium Alluvium Bedrock Bedrock

TOC (mAHD) 25.78 25.01 18.94 23.65 47.00 26.07 47.00 4.10 3.70 4.10 4.00 3.80 2.20 5.58 5.64 2.24 63.93 41.36 29.32 23.85

February 2018

Water Level (mBTOC) 9.51 8.70 3.25 5.15 29.00 7.31 31.50 2.67 2.48 2.98 3.48 3.41 1.86 3.14 0.99 1.32 26.60 7.90 10.40 5.09

Water Elevation (mAHD) 16.27 16.31 15.69 18.50 18.00 18.76 15.50 1.43 1.22 1.12 0.52 0.39 0.34 2.44 4.65 0.92 37.33 33.46 18.92 18.76 mAHD = metres Australian Height Datum mBTOC = metres below top of casing “--“ = not measured due to site accessibility constraints at the time of field work

28-Mar-2018 Prepared for – Transurban Limited – ABN: 96 098 143 410 AECOM Groundwater Level Monitoring 7 Legacy Way Tunnel

Figure 2 Groundwater elevations within alluvium along the main Legacy Way Tunnel alignment

Figure 3 Groundwater elevations within bedrock along the main Legacy Way Tunnel alignment

28-Mar-2018 Prepared for – Transurban Limited – ABN: 96 098 143 410 AECOM Groundwater Level Monitoring 8 Legacy Way Tunnel

Figure 4 Groundwater elevations long the western extent of Legacy Way Tunnel alignment

Figure 5 Groundwater elevations long the eastern extent of Legacy Way Tunnel alignment

28-Mar-2018 Prepared for – Transurban Limited – ABN: 96 098 143 410 AECOM Groundwater Level Monitoring 9 Legacy Way Tunnel

4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations The temporal and spatial trends in groundwater elevations along the Legacy Way Tunnel alignment, and relationships between rainfall and groundwater ingress into the tunnel within the alluvium and bedrock are consistent with historical (over the past year) observations. The inflow of surface water from the Brisbane River into the aquifer and subsequently to the tunnel as a consequence of groundwater drawdown during the operation of the tunnel is unlikely to be occurring. As such, no mitigation measures are required at this point in time to minimise the extent of groundwater level drawdown in the surrounding area as a result of inflow to the tunnel. It is recommended that monitoring continue at all current sites to assess changes to groundwater levels and identify any ongoing drawdown the surrounding area and associated potential impacts.

28-Mar-2018 Prepared for – Transurban Limited – ABN: 96 098 143 410 AECOM Groundwater Level Monitoring 10 Legacy Way Tunnel

5.0 Standard Limitations AECOM Consulting Services (NZ) Limited (AECOM) has prepared this report in accordance with the usual care and thoroughness of the consulting profession for the use of Transurban Limited and only those third parties who have been authorised in writing by AECOM to rely on this Report. It is based on generally accepted practices and standards at the time it was prepared. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to the professional advice included in this Report. It is prepared in accordance with the scope of work and for the purpose outlined in the contract dated 25 September 2017 (Purchase Order C2250-R1). Where this Report indicates that information has been provided to AECOM by third parties, AECOM has made no independent verification of this information except as expressly stated in the Report. AECOM assumes no liability for any inaccuracies in or omissions to that information. This Report was prepared between 23 March and 26 March 2018 and is based on the conditions encountered and information reviewed at the time of preparation. AECOM disclaims responsibility for any changes that may have occurred after this time. This Report should be read in full. No responsibility is accepted for use of any part of this report in any other context or for any other purpose or by third parties. This Report does not purport to give legal advice. Legal advice can only be given by qualified legal practitioners. Except as required by law, no third party may use or rely on this Report unless otherwise agreed by AECOM in writing. Where such agreement is provided, AECOM will provide a letter of reliance to the agreed third party in the form required by AECOM. To the extent permitted by law, AECOM expressly disclaims and excludes liability for any loss, damage, cost or expenses suffered by any third party relating to or resulting from the use of, or reliance on, any information contained in this Report. AECOM does not admit that any action, liability or claim may exist or be available to any third party. Except as specifically stated in this section, AECOM does not authorise the use of this Report by any third party. It is the responsibility of third parties to independently make inquiries or seek advice in relation to their particular requirements and proposed use of the site. Any estimates of potential costs which have been provided are presented as estimates only as at the date of the Report. Any cost estimates that have been provided may therefore vary from actual costs at the time of expenditure.

28-Mar-2018 Prepared for – Transurban Limited – ABN: 96 098 143 410 AECOM Groundwater Level Monitoring Legacy Way Tunnel

Appendix A

Manual Water Level Measurements Field Records

28-Mar-2018 Prepared for – Transurban Limited – ABN: 96 098 143 410 LABORATORY REPORT

Client: Michael Coombes Transurban Queensland 7 Brandl Street Coopers Plains QLD 4113

Job Name: Legacy Way Monthly Groundwater Levels

Sampled By: SAS Laboratory Sampling Method: Grab Sample Matrix: Aqueous Batch Number: 18/01521 Registration Date: 20 February 2018 Date of Report: 27 February 2018

PLEASE NOTE: 1. The results refer only to the samples tested. 2. All sampling performed by SAS Laboratory is in accordance with In-house Method F.001. 3. This document shall not be reproduced except in full, without written approval from SAS Laboratory. 4. Method with * indicates NATA accreditation does not cover the performance of this service. Page 1 of 2 Client: Transurban Queensland Batch Number: 18/01521 Job Name: Legacy Way Monthly Groundwater Levels Report Date: 27/02/18

Method Test Units LOR 18/01521/1 18/01521/2 18/01521/3 18/01521/4 18/01521/5 18/01521/6 18/01521/7 18/01521/8 18/01521/9 18/01521/10 NL2-02 NL3-05S NL3-16 BH108 BH320 NL2-12 NL2-14 BH309 BH311 BH312 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 04:34 04:24 09:48 09:18 09:31 08:12 07:39 05:25 05:38 04:53 Hire - Traffic Control Complete [NR] [NR] [NR] [NR] [NR] [NR] [NR] [NR] [NR] Misc. * Groundwater Level m 0.1 9.51 8.70 3.25 5.15 29.0 7.31 31.5 2.67 2.48 2.98

Method Test Units LOR 18/01521/11 18/01521/12 18/01521/13 18/01521/14 18/01521/15 18/01521/16 18/01521/17 18/01521/18 18/01521/19 18/01521/20 BH313 BH313A NL4-HG10 NL4-HG6A NL4-5 NL4-A2 NL2-06 NL2-09 BH221 BH222 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 20/02/2018 06:06 05:54 08:24 05:16 04:58 08:28 06:23 06:35 06:47 07:16 Misc. * Groundwater Level m 0.1 3.48 3.41 1.86 3.14 0.990 1.32 26.6 7.90 10.4 5.09

[ND] - Not Detected [NR] - Not Required [NT] - Not Tested

18/01521/1: NL2-02 - Deep data logger sonde missing, shallow data logger sonde still attached.

18/01521/8: BH309 - Cap, wire and data logger sonde is missing.