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Academic Degrees Index academic degrees: juren degree, 57, 58, 65, 146; of Zhang Shicheng, 178–184, 66, 90, 205, 228n27, 229n37; selling 191–192, 196–197, 253n57 of, 26 Board of Personnel: Like tiben and, 5, 27, activism. See elite activism; elite activism: 29–31, 228n14; punishments and, hydraulic works and; elite activism: 42; regulations, 35–39, 228n26; role in local public works; state of, 24, 33–34 agriculture: irrigated- fi eld, 204, 205; Well Board of Rites: enshrinement and, Field system, 44 109–113, 115; Like shishu and, 5, Antony, Robert, 231n3 28–29, 115, 116, 228n14; with arches. See memorial arches memorial arches or jingbiao, 24, 26, 28–29, 34; role of, 37, 242n49 baiguan yeshi (private histories), 145 Board of Works, 43–44 Baimao River, 52, 54, 56, 67–68, 97, 98 Bol, Peter, 239n2, 251n30 “bandits” (zei), 171, 196, 252n35 Book of Odes, 164 bans: on visual images, 128–129, 139, books, 254n4; forbidden books, 145–146, 244n27, 244n30 154, 168–169; printing, 136, 143, Bao Shichen (1775–1855), 203 168–169; private book collectors, Bei Yong, 187 168–169; Zhang Shicheng in private Beijing: First Historical Archives in, 5, 17, literature, 173–180. See also 29; Imperial Academy of Beijing, biographies; local literature: private 126, 132; infl uence, 246n20 Boxer Uprising, 250n3 benevolent halls: elite with, 51, 74; bridges, 27, 32, 34, 60, 67, 165 famine relief and, 98–102, 239nn131, brief story of many heroes at the beginning 132,133, 239n135; growth of, 16; state of our dynasty, A (Qian Qianyi), and, 40 179–180, 196, 252n36 biographies, 245n43, 245n50; censorship Buddhism, 127, 131, 135–136, 193 with, 116; gazetteers and, 85, 148; with portraits and shrines, 123–124, Cai Erda, 136 131–142; as private local literature, Cai Weichuan, 85 274 Index Cai Yuanpei, 136 Compendium of the Complete Library of Carroll, Peter J., 245n59 the Four Trea suries, 155–160, 185 censorship: enshrinement and, 116; compilations: gazetteers and “private,” forbidden books, 145–146, 154, 147–148 168–169; gazetteers and, 150–151, 154; concubines, 187–188, 189–190, 194, 197, of literati, 12–13, 19, 116, 146, 173–174 253n63 Chang Yuchun, 175, 182 Confucian Temples, 27, 90–91, 125; Changshu County: Baimao River, 52, 54, tablets in, 126–127, 244n39; visual 56, 67–68; Fushantang (1836), 70–71 images and, 126–130, 132, 135, 137, charitable estates, 98–102, 238n126, 139, 243nn14,15 239n133 Confucianism: Neo- Confucianism, 113, charitable schools, 27, 48, 66 126, 159, 177, 194, 251n30; shrines, 19, charity granaries (yicang), 78, 90, 235n10, 125, 131, 132, 244n27, 245n59 235n15 Confucius, 126–128, 137, 145, Chen Dashi, 183, 192 243nn14,15 Chen Dashou (js 1595), 148–149, 150 conservancy. See under hydraulic works Chen Hongmou, 11 contributions. See elite contributions Chen Ji, 180 control. See under hydraulic works; state Chen Luan (1786–1839), 67, 68, 69, 72, corruption: enshrinement and, 115; with 233n57 granaries, 46; hydraulic works and, Chen Peizhi, 189–190 58, 64, 232n38; of state, 1–2 Chen Youliang, 187, 252n35 corvée labor. See under labor Cheng Bangxian (1767–1832, js 1802), culture: elite activism and, 18; literati 86–87 cultural practices, 226n33; state Cheng Hao (1032–85), 159 control over, 147 Cheng Yi (1033–1107), 126, 159 Chenghua Emperor, 244n26 Da Qing huidian (Collected statutes of children: famine relief and, 86, 96, 98 the Great Qing): on contribution China Upside Down (Lin Man- houng), rewards regulations, 31–33; Jiaqing 237n90 edition, 33, 34, 228n21; Qianlong Chongjun Jiangnan shuili quanshu, edition, 32–33, 34, 228n19 233n57 Dade reign (1297–1307), 127 Chongzhen period (1628–44), 129, 134 danzhou (gruel by porter), 96, 98 Christianity, 136 Daoguang Emperor, 10, 230n65; civil ser vice examination, 174 benevolent halls under, 100; charity coffi ns, 86, 93, 97–98, 100, 173 granaries under, 235n15; with elite Cohen, Paul A., 6–7, 250n3 contributions, 29, 31, 40; elite in Collected statutes of the Great Qing. See public works and change under, Da Qing huidian 45–49; enshrinement under, 120–121, Collection of literature of Suzhou prefecture 122; Grand Canal crisis and, 8; juren (Gu Yuan), 163, 165, 167, 249n60 degrees and, 229n37; with Opium collections: poetry, 154, 249n79 War (1839–1842), 9; with state, collectors: private book, 168–169 power, and local elite, 4–5, 13, 26; commodities: economy and, 25; with waterworks management under, 52, transit tax, 51 62–73.
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