NEWSLETTER Volume 40, N Umber 1 Spring 2019
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
The Assignment of Grammatical Gender in German: Testing Optimal Gender Assignment Theory
The Assignment of Grammatical Gender in German: Testing Optimal Gender Assignment Theory Emma Charlotte Corteen Trinity Hall September 2018 This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The Assignment of Grammatical Gender in German: Testing Optimal Gender Assignment Theory Emma Charlotte Corteen Abstract The assignment of grammatical gender in German is a notoriously problematic phenomenon due to the apparent opacity of the gender assignment system (e.g. Comrie 1999: 461). Various models of German gender assignment have been proposed (e.g. Spitz 1965, Köpcke 1982, Corbett 1991, Wegener 1995), but none of these is able to account for all of the German data. This thesis investigates a relatively under-explored, recent approach to German gender assignment in the form of Optimal Gender Assignment Theory (OGAT), proposed by Rice (2006). Using the framework of Optimality Theory, OGAT claims that the form and meaning of a noun are of equal importance with respect to its gender. This is formally represented by the crucial equal ranking of all gender assignment constraints in a block of GENDER FEATURES, which is in turn ranked above a default markedness hierarchy *NEUTER » *FEMININE » *MASCULINE, which is based on category size. A key weakness of OGAT is that it does not specify what constitutes a valid GENDER FEATURES constraint. This means that, in theory, any constraint can be proposed ad hoc to ensure that an OGAT analysis yields the correct result. In order to prevent any constraints based on ‘postfactum rationalisations’ (Comrie 1999: 461) from being included in the investigation, the GENDER FEATURES constraints which have been proposed in the literature for German are assessed according to six criteria suggested by Enger (2009), which seek to determine whether there is independent evidence for a GENDER FEATURES constraint. -
Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present (Impact: Studies in Language and Society)
<DOCINFO AUTHOR ""TITLE "Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present"SUBJECT "Impact 18"KEYWORDS ""SIZE HEIGHT "220"WIDTH "150"VOFFSET "4"> Germanic Standardizations Impact: Studies in language and society impact publishes monographs, collective volumes, and text books on topics in sociolinguistics. The scope of the series is broad, with special emphasis on areas such as language planning and language policies; language conflict and language death; language standards and language change; dialectology; diglossia; discourse studies; language and social identity (gender, ethnicity, class, ideology); and history and methods of sociolinguistics. General Editor Associate Editor Annick De Houwer Elizabeth Lanza University of Antwerp University of Oslo Advisory Board Ulrich Ammon William Labov Gerhard Mercator University University of Pennsylvania Jan Blommaert Joseph Lo Bianco Ghent University The Australian National University Paul Drew Peter Nelde University of York Catholic University Brussels Anna Escobar Dennis Preston University of Illinois at Urbana Michigan State University Guus Extra Jeanine Treffers-Daller Tilburg University University of the West of England Margarita Hidalgo Vic Webb San Diego State University University of Pretoria Richard A. Hudson University College London Volume 18 Germanic Standardizations: Past to Present Edited by Ana Deumert and Wim Vandenbussche Germanic Standardizations Past to Present Edited by Ana Deumert Monash University Wim Vandenbussche Vrije Universiteit Brussel/FWO-Vlaanderen John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam/Philadelphia TM The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements 8 of American National Standard for Information Sciences – Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ansi z39.48-1984. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Germanic standardizations : past to present / edited by Ana Deumert, Wim Vandenbussche. -
Immigrant Languages and Education: Wisconsin's German Schools
chapter 3 Immigrant Languages and Education Wisconsin’s German Schools antje petty n the second half of the nineteenth century, the Wisconsin land- scape was dotted with public, private, and parochial schools where I children and grandchildren of immigrants were taught in German, Norwegian, Polish, or other older immigrant languages that are de - scribed in chapter 2. Today, the language of instruction in Wisconsin schools is almost exclusively English, but the state still has large immi- grant communities with families who speak Hmong or Spanish (chap- ters 8 and 9), and the question of how to teach immigrant children is as current as it was 100 or 150 years ago. While the languages have changed, basic issues remain: Should Wisconsin children be taught in English only, in their native tongue, or in a bilingual setting? How im - portant is the language of instruction for “quality education” and content learning? What role does the school language play in the integration, acculturation, and “Americanization” process? And how important is the language spoken in the classroom for the maintenance of ethnic identity and cultural heritage? This chapter explores the example of schooling among German-speaking immigrants and their descendants in Wisconsin, the largest non-English-speaking population in the state’s early history.1 Education patterns in some other language communities such as Norwegian or Polish were generally similar, although the popu - lations were smaller populations.2 Still smaller groups, though, such as West Frisians, who numbered only a few hundred, lacked institutional 37 38 antje petty support and infrastructure like church services or a press and did not have schools teaching their language. -
Pani Profesor Ewie Siatkowskiej Poświęcamy Ten Tom Z Okazji Osiemdziesiątych Urodzin — Uczniowie, Współpracownicy I Przyjaciele (Fot
Pani Profesor Ewie Siatkowskiej poświęcamy ten tom z okazji osiemdziesiątych urodzin — uczniowie, współpracownicy i przyjaciele (Fot. Zofia Waślicka) Prof. dr hab. Ewa Siatkowska UNIWERSYTET WARSZAWSKI INSTYTUT SLAWISTYKI ZACHODNIEJ I POŁUDNIOWEJ ZESZYTY ŁUŻYCKIE TOM 44 Przenikanie się języków i kultur w przeszłości i we współczesności Warszawa 2010 Zespół Redakcyjny: Elżbieta Wrocławska (red. nacz.), Ignacy Doliński (z-ca red. nacz.), Zdzisław Kłos (sekr. red.) Rada Redakcyjna: Rafał Leszczyński (Łódź), Jerzy Molas (Warszawa), Włodzimierz Pianka (Warszawa), Dietrich Scholze (Budyšin / Bautzen), Ewa Siatkowska (Warszawa), Sonja Wölke (Budyšin / Bautzen), Krzysz- tof Wrocławski (Warszawa), Jadwiga Zieniukowa (Warszawa) Recenzenci tomu: Krzysztof Wrocławski, Mariola Jakubowicz, Jadwiga Zieniukowa Opracowanie komputerowe: Ignacy Doliński Tłumaczenie streszczeń artykułów: Alfred Měškank (A.M.) i Autorzy Redaktorzy tomu: Ignacy Doliński, Elżbieta Wrocławska Ilustracja na okładce: Akwarela Měrćina Nowaka-Njechorńskiego Bój z paliwaku (‘Walka ze smokiem’), przedruk z: A. Krawc-Dźěwiński, Serb- scy tworjacy wuměłcy (Artyści łużyccy), Budyšin 1975, s. 63 Adres redakcji: Instytut Slawistyki Zachodniej i Południowej Uniwersy- tetu Warszawskiego, ul. Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsza- wa; e-mail: [email protected]; http://iszip.uw.edu.pl Wydanie publikacji dofinansowane przez Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnic- twa Wyższego Na Liście czasopism punktowanych Ministerstwa Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego za r. 2010 „Zeszyty Łużyckie” zostały wymienione -
From Semantics to Dialectometry
Contents Preface ix Subjunctions as discourse markers? Stancetaking on the topic ‘insubordi- nate subordination’ Werner Abraham Two-layer networks, non-linear separation, and human learning R. Harald Baayen & Peter Hendrix John’s car repaired. Variation in the position of past participles in the ver- bal cluster in Duth Sjef Barbiers, Hans Bennis & Lote Dros-Hendriks Perception of word stress Leonor van der Bij, Dicky Gilbers & Wolfgang Kehrein Empirical evidence for discourse markers at the lexical level Jelke Bloem Verb phrase ellipsis and sloppy identity: a corpus-based investigation Johan Bos 7 7 Om-omission Gosse Bouma 8 Neural semantics Harm Brouwer, Mathew W. Crocker & Noortje J. Venhuizen 7 9 Liberating Dialectology J. K. Chambers 8 0 A new library for construction of automata Jan Daciuk 9 Generating English paraphrases from logic Dan Flickinger 99 Contents Use and possible improvement of UNESCO’s Atlas of the World’s Lan- guages in Danger Tjeerd de Graaf 09 Assessing smoothing parameters in dialectometry Jack Grieve 9 Finding dialect areas by means of bootstrap clustering Wilbert Heeringa 7 An acoustic analysis of English vowels produced by speakers of seven dif- ferent native-language bakgrounds Vincent J. van Heuven & Charlote S. Gooskens 7 Impersonal passives in German: some corpus evidence Erhard Hinrichs 9 7 In Hülle und Fülle – quantiication at a distance in German, Duth and English Jack Hoeksema 9 8 he interpretation of Duth direct speeh reports by Frisian-Duth bilin- guals Franziska Köder, J. W. van der Meer & Jennifer Spenader 7 9 Mining for parsing failures Daniël de Kok & Gertjan van Noord 8 0 Looking for meaning in names Stasinos Konstantopoulos 9 Second thoughts about the Chomskyan revolution Jan Koster 99 Good maps William A. -
Niederdeutsch
Literaturliste: Niederdeutsch Abteilung für Niederdeutsche Sprache und Literatur Germanistisches Seminar der CAU Kiel Stand: August 2012 1. Allgemeines 1.1. Zeitschriften Niederdeutsches Jahrbuch. Jahrbuch des Vereins für niederdeutsche Sprachforschung. 1 (1875) ff. http://www.vnds.de/ Niederdeutsches Korrespondenzblatt. Korrespondenzblatt des Vereins für niederdeutsche Sprachforschung. 1 (1877) ff. Niederdeutsches Wort. 1 (1960) ff. Niederdeutsche Mitteilungen. 1 (1945)-30 (1974). Quickborn. Zeitschrift für plattdeutsche Sprache und Literatur. 1 (1907) ff. [Die Titel haben sich im Laufe der Zeit teilweise mehrfach geändert!] De Kennung. Zeitschrift für plattdeutsche Gemeindearbeit. 1 (1978) ff. 1.2. Bibliographien Bichel, Ulf / Bichel, Inge: Klaus-Groth-Bibliographie. Kiel 2009, 609 S. Niederdeutsche Bibliographie. In: Niederdeutsches Korrespondenzblatt 77 (1970) ff. Ausführliche Personalbibliographien finden sich z.B. in den Festschriften für Jan Goossens, Hubertus Menke, Dieter Möhn, Robert Peters, Irmtraud Rösler, Dieter Stellmacher u.a. In der UB sind diese unter den Freihandfachnummern ger 200: (Kürzel) zu finden, z.B. ger 200: men (Festschrift Menke). In der FB Germanistik sind diese unter der Signatur N 01 (Kürzel) zu finden, z.B. N 01 men 010 (Festschrift Menke). 1.3. Handbücher und Gesamtdarstellungen zur niederdeutschen Sprache und Literatur Cordes, Gerhard / Möhn, Dieter (Hrsg.): Handbuch zur niederdeutschen Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft. Berlin 1983. Föllner, Ursula (Hrsg.): Niederdeutsch. Sprache und Literatur der Region. Frankfurt/M. 2001. Goossens, Jan (Hrsg.): Niederdeutsch. Sprache und Literatur. Bd. 1: Sprache. 2., verb. u. um einen bibliograph. Nachtrag erw. Aufl. Neumünster 1983. Peters, Robert: Die Bedeutung des Niederdeutschen für die deutsche Sprachgeschichte. In: Jahrbuch für Germanistische Sprachgeschichte. (2010) S. 237-253 Schuppenhauer, Claus (Hrsg.): Niederdeutsch. Fünf Vorträge zur Einführung. Eine Gemeinschaftsveranstaltung der Universität Bremen und des Instituts für niederdeutsche Sprache Wintersemester 1985/86. -
National Minorities, Minority and Regional Languages in Germany
National minorities, minority and regional languages in Germany National minorities, minority and regional languages in Germany 2 Contents Foreword . 4 Welcome . 6 Settlement areas . 8 Language areas . 9 Introduction . 10 The Danish minority . 12 The Frisian ethnic group . 20 The German Sinti and Roma . 32 The Sorbian people . 40 Regional language Lower German . 50 Annex I . Institutions and bodies . 59 II . Legal basis . 64 III . Addresses . 74 Publication data . 81 Near the Reichstag building, along the Spree promenade in Berlin, Dani Karavan‘s installation “Basic Law 49” shows the articles of Germany‘s 1949 constitution on 19 glass panes. Photo: © Jens Kalaene/dpa “ No person shall be favoured or disfavoured because of sex, parentage, race, language, homeland and origin, faith, or religious or political opinions.” Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany, Art. 3 (3), first sentence. 4 Foreword Four officially recognized national minorities live in Germany: the Danish minority, the Frisian ethnic group, the German Sinti and Roma, and the Sorbian people. The members of national minorities are German na- tionals and therefore part of the German legal order. They enjoy all rights and freedoms granted under the Basic Law without any restrictions. This brochure describes the history, the settlement areas and the organizations of the national minorities in Germany and explores how they see themselves Dr Thomas de Maizière, Member and how they live while trying to preserve their cultural of the German Bundestag roots. Each of the four minorities identifies itself in Federal Minister of the Interior particular through its own language. As language is an Photo: © Press and Information Office of the Federal Government important part of their identity, it deserves particular protection. -
Vocalisations: Evidence from Germanic Gary Taylor-Raebel A
Vocalisations: Evidence from Germanic Gary Taylor-Raebel A thesis submitted for the degree of doctor of philosophy Department of Language and Linguistics University of Essex October 2016 Abstract A vocalisation may be described as a historical linguistic change where a sound which is formerly consonantal within a language becomes pronounced as a vowel. Although vocalisations have occurred sporadically in many languages they are particularly prevalent in the history of Germanic languages and have affected sounds from all places of articulation. This study will address two main questions. The first is why vocalisations happen so regularly in Germanic languages in comparison with other language families. The second is what exactly happens in the vocalisation process. For the first question there will be a discussion of the concept of ‘drift’ where related languages undergo similar changes independently and this will therefore describe the features of the earliest Germanic languages which have been the basis for later changes. The second question will include a comprehensive presentation of vocalisations which have occurred in Germanic languages with a description of underlying features in each of the sounds which have vocalised. When considering phonological changes a degree of phonetic information must necessarily be included which may be irrelevant synchronically, but forms the basis of the change diachronically. A phonological representation of vocalisations must therefore address how best to display the phonological information whilst allowing for the inclusion of relevant diachronic phonetic information. Vocalisations involve a small articulatory change, but using a model which describes vowels and consonants with separate terminology would conceal the subtleness of change in a vocalisation. -
Sebastian Walter: Enameling of German Immigrants
Volume 28 No 1 • Winter 2018–2019 Germans at Old World Wisconsin Catherine Dallas Traditional German beer brewing demonstration at Old World Wisconsin ust as St. Patrick’s Day brings out drink, religious and political view- the Irish in everyone, Wiscon- points, and strong cultural identities Jsinites overwhelmingly embrace that still dominate the Badger State in the Gemütlichkeit that surrounds a a way we now lump together as “Ger- INSIDE host of German celebrations. Let’s man.” The state’s German immigrants face it, we couldn’t tell the story of are represented here at Old World • Annual Meeting 2019 Wisconsin without telling the story Wisconsin (OWW) on three different • Sebastian Walter: Enameling of German immigrants. People from Wisconsin farmsteads settled in the Pioneer and Benefactor 30-plus German states and city- 1860s, 1870s, and 1880s. The farm- • CD Review: Alpine Dreaming: states, speaking different dialects, and steads are composites—made up of The Helvetia Records Story, practicing distinctly different tradi- original buildings from thirteen dif- 1920–1924 tions immigrated to Wisconsin in the ferent German immigrant families all • Upcoming Events 19th century. By 1900, almost a third brought together here to preserve the • SGAS Symposium Program of all Wisconsinites had been born in structures themselves and to immerse a German state. They brought with our guests in their rich nineteenth- • Annual Meeting Registration them a diverse repertoire of food and Form Continued on page 8 Greetings, Friends in the context of local history and currently producing the material for culture, past and present. The post- the posters and working with a local and Readers! ers will address a number of topics, graphic designer. -
Die Sprache Der Danziger Bei Günter Grass
ACTA UNIVERSITATIS LODZIENSIS FOLIA GERMANICA 12, 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1427-9665.12.11 Joanna Bednarska-Kociołek*1 DIE SPRACHE DER DANZIGER BEI GÜNTER GRASS Bis zum Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges trafen sich in der Stadt Gdańsk (polnisch), Gduńsk (kaschubisch), Danzig (deutsch), Gedania, Dantiscum (lateinisch) ver- schiedene Kulturen, obwohl die Stadt nie wirklich multikulturell war. Sie war ethnisch eher eine homogene Stadt, in der vor allem Danziger deutscher Abstam- mung (über 90%) lebten, aber zugleich auch viele Minderheiten, die gezwungen waren, ob sie es wollten oder auch nicht, untereinander zu interagieren. Es exis- tierte hier jahrhundertelang eine „Wir-Gemeinschaft“ (Hobsbawm 1998, S.7). Das Phänomen des Lokalpatriotismus wurde im Werk von Günter Grass oft illustriert. In seinen Werken spielt die Charakteristik der kleinbürgerlichen Gesellschaft von Danzig eine wesentliche Rolle. Grass zeigt, wie die Kleinbürger wohnten, arbei- teten, wie sie ihre Freizeit verbrachten. Er zeigt, dass mehrere hier lebende Menschen sich nicht als Deutsche oder Polen fühlten, sondern einfach als Danziger. Dies beeinflusste auch die Sprachen, die hier benutzt wurden. Die Amtssprache in der Freien Stadt Danzig war Deutsch. Zugleich sprach man aber zu Hause andere Sprachen: Polnisch, Jiddisch, Kaschu- bisch und vor allem eine Mischsprache – Danziger Missingsch. Mischsprache ist in der Linguistik ein Oberbegriff für Sprachen, die durch intensiven Kontakt zwischen zwei (selten mehr) Sprachen entstanden sind und deutliche Eigenschaf- ten beider Ausgangssprachen in sich vereinen. Das sog. Danziger Missingsch ist eine Stadtmundart aus Niederdeutsch und Hochdeutsch. Deutsche Kleinbürger in Danzig, so wie sie von Grass gezeigt wurden, sprachen diese spezifische Sprache: Missingsch. (Tolksdorf 1985, S. 326) Es wurde als Umgangssprache im deutschen kleinbürgerlichen Milieu von Danzig benutzt. -
Volkskundler in Der Deutschen Demokratischen
ÖSTERREICHISCHE AKADEMIE DER WISSENSCHAFTEN und ÖSTERREICHISCHES MUSEUM FÜR VOLKSKUNDE MITTEILUNGEN DES INSTITUTS FÜR GEGENWARTSVOLKSKUNDE SONDERBAND 4 zugleich VERÖFFENTLICHUNGEN DES ÖSTERREICHISCHEN MUSEUMS FÜR VOLKSKUNDE BAND XXV VOLKSKUNDLER IN DER DEUTSCHEN DEMOKRATISCHEN REPUBLIK HEUTE Nach den Unterlagen des bio-bibliographischen Lexikons der Volkskundler im deutschsprachigen Raum des Instituts für Gegenwartsvolkskunde der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften bearbeitet von MICHAEL MARTISCHNIG SELBSTVERLAG DES ÖSTERREICHISCHEN MUSEUMS FÜR VOLKSKUNDE Wien 1990 MITTEILUNGEN DES INSTITUTS FÜR GEGENWARTS VOLKSKUNDE Nr.l LEOPOLD SCHMIDT, Probleme der Gegen warts Volkskunde. Vortrag in der Gesamtsitzung der Akademie am 25. Oktober 1973. (So. Anzeiger 110), Wien 1973, 22 S. Nr.2 HELENE GRUNN, Brauchtum der Fabriksarbeiter. Beobachtungen in der VÖEST-Alpine AG. (So. Anzeiger 111), Wien 1974, 24 S., 11 Abb. Nr.3 LEOPOLD SCHMIDT, Trachtenforschung und Gegenwartsvolks kunde. (So. Anzeiger 111), Wien 1974, 24 S. Nr.4 LEOPOLD SCHMIDT, Hochzeitsbrauchtum im Wandel der Gegen wart. (SBph 308/4), Wien 1976, 60 S., 2 Abb. Nr.5 LEOPOLD SCHMIDT, Volksbrauch in der Karikatur. (So. Anzei ger 114), Wien 1977, 40 S., 16 Abb. Nr.6 LEOPOLD SCHMIDT, Johann Reinhard Bünker und die Erfor schung des Volkserzählgutes im Burgenland. (So. Anzeiger 115), Wien 1978, 24 S. Nr.7 LEOPOLD SCHMIDT, Fortschritte der burgenländischen Volks schauspielforschung. (So. Anzeiger 117), Wien 1980, 20 S. Nr.8 HELGA THIEL, Ein Frauenball in Mönchhof, Burgenland. Bericht zu einer Feldstudie des Phonogrammarchivs der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. (So. Anzeiger 117), Wien 1980, 16 S., 2 Abb. Nr.9 MICHAEL MARTISCHNIG, Vereine als Träger von Volkskultur in der Gegenwart am Beispiel Mattersburg. (SBph 392), Wien 1982, 180 S., 16 Abb. -
Becoming American Without Learning English
Linguistic Marginalities: Becoming American without Learning English MIRANDA E. WILKERSON AND JOSEPH SALMONS Introduction National identity in the United States is intertwined tightly in the popular mind with language, though we have no official national language. Those who cannot speak English are depicted as not American—regardless of their citizenship, actions, and/or identities. In a recent speech, former Representative Tom Tancredo asserted that “people who could not even spell the word ‘vote’ or say it in English” were responsible for the results of the 2008 elections.1 Interpretations of history propel the myth as well, as with U.S. English, Inc.: “Immigrants of many nationalities built our nation, but the ‘melting pot’ melded us into one people. This long tradition of assimilation has always included the adoption of English as the common means of communication.”2 This appeal to language as a key unifier of US identity is widespread.3 U.S. English, Inc., argues further for the economic marginality of non- English speakers: “Life without English proficiency in the United States is a life of low- skilled, low-paying jobs. Knowledge of English leads to the realization of the American dream of increased economic opportunity and the ability to become a more productive member of society, which benefits everyone.”4 Michael Reagan put it starkly for earlier immigrants: “It was a case of sink or swim. If you couldn’t speak English, you couldn’t get by, go to school, get a job, or become a citizen and vote.”5 This and similar rhetoric seeks to portray non-English speakers in the US as profoundly marginal along demographic, economic, geographic, and social parameters.