Finnish municipalities’ climate targets and measures Deloitte 2018 Published in Finnish on 12.10.2018 Contents Summary Background and data sources of the analysis GHG emissions of Finland’s 50 largest municipalities Climate targets of Finland’s 50 largest municipalities Relationship between climate targets and planned measures Measures available to municipalities Challenges and enablers of communal climate efforts Supporting communal climate efforts SUMMARY Municipalities’ climate targets and measures - summary - Many of Finland’s largest municipalities have more ambitious climate targets than those set by the Finnish government – Municipalities currently act as trendsetters in national climate policy. - The climate targets of Finnish local authorities have grown significantly more ambitious in recent years – More than a quarter of Finns currently live in municipalities that are aiming to be carbon neutral by 2030. – In order to attain the targets they have set, local authorities need comparable emission data and information on the emission effects, costs and benefits of different measures. – The transport and agricultural sectors especially are in need of measures at the national level to achieve emission reductions. - How challenging it is to tackle climate change varies between municipalities, and local authorities possess much untapped potential regarding the means they have to make an impact through their climate efforts. - In large municipalities, the emission reductions needed to attain the climate targets require large investments in heating and transport, while smaller municipalities face challenges in allocating resources to organising climate efforts - The climate criteria for zoning and public procurement are underused means of realising emission reductions. - Various support networks, strategic and communicative support, and funding are all available to local authorities for implementing their climate efforts. - The roles and division of labour of the parties tackling climate change should be clarified in order to make national climate efforts and their co-ordination more effective. BACKGROUND AND DATA SOURCES OF THE ANALYSIS Background and data sources of the analysis Background Work stage Data sources Deliverables Public GHG emission data Final report In 2018, Sitra launched a Examining the • National emissions: Statistics Finland group of projects under the GHG emissions of • Benviroc Oy’s CO2 reports obtained from the municipalities Climate solutions focus area municipalities • HINKU calculation data from the Finnish Environment Institute in order to mitigate climate change and support Public materials, press releases and newsletters from local international, national and authorities municipal climate policies. Municipalities’ • Local authority strategies and action plans climate measures • Joint municipal authorities’ strategies and action plans Appendix 1: This analysis carried out by and targets • Local authority press releases and decision agendas Climate measures Deloitte presents the status • Local authorities’ co-ordinators and environmental managers for of emissions, climate targets climate efforts and climate measures in Interviews with specialists and previous studies Finnish municipalities, the Identifying the • Interviews with specialists measures available to local available climate • Previous studies and publications on the climate efforts of authorities for tackling measures municipalities • Local authorities’ action plans climate change, and the challenges and enablers for Appendix 2: local authorities in their Interviews with specialists and previous studies Municipality profiles climate efforts. Interviews Challenges and • Interviews with specialists representing municipal decision- with 20 specialists, enablers for makers, regional councils and other public bodies including people who carry climate efforts • Previous studies and publications on the climate efforts of out climate efforts for local municipalities authorities and work as Interviews with specialists experts for bodies who Support • Local authorities’ co-ordinators and environmental support the local mechanisms managers for climate efforts authorities, make this a very • Specialists from regional councils and other public bodies comprehensive analysis. GHG EMISSIONS OF THE 50 LARGEST MUNICIPALITIES OF FINLAND The analysis covered 50 of the largest municipalities, which are home to 70% of the population of Finland Rovaniemi Tornio Kemi 261 of the smallest municipalities, not included in the analysis Oulu 30% Raahe Kajaani Kokkola Population of Iisalmi Finland Vaasa Siilinjärvi Seinäjoki Kuopio Joensuu 4% Kurikka Jyväskylä 66% 7 of the 50 largest municipalities, Mikkeli no emissions data available Savonlinna Ylöjärvi Tampere Pori Kangasala Nokia Lempäälä Imatra Rauma Sastamala Lahti Hollola Hämeenlinna Lappeenranta Riihimäki Kouvola 43 of the 50 largest municipalities, Raisio Hyvinkää Järvenpää Turku Kotka Vihti Porvoo emissions data available Kaarina SaloLohja Vantaa Nurmijärvi, Tuusula, Kerava Raasepori Helsinki Kirkko- Espoo nummi The emission comparisons are based on public data collected from various sources Data for the emission comparison Included municipalities that belong to - The emission comparison in this analysis was mainly carried out climate networks using Benviroc Oy’s CO2 reports, which were obtained directly from the municipalities. 10 HINKU municipalities - In addition, the data on five municipalities was collected from HINKU calculations.These municipalities are Pori, Lohja, Raasepori, Porvoo and Iisalmi (Iisalmi is not a HINKU 9 FISU municipalities municipality, the data for Iisalmi was specifically calculated through a separate project). - For seven of the municipalities, comparable emission data was 12 Covenant of Mayors not available for this analysis. municipalities – These municipalities are Kajaani, Savonlinna, Nokia, Kangasala, Lempäälä, Siilinjärvi and Tornio. 9 Circwaste municipalities - The data from the HINKU calculations are not directly comparable with the CO2 reports. – Fully consistent comparability is only achieved with transport, 7 KUUMA municipalities where the data from both the Benviroc and HINKU calculations come from calculations made by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. - Although emission monitoring can be carried out in Finland up to a weekly level and there is a large amount of calculation data available, there are significant differences in the municipal emission calculation models and there is no uniform calculation that would cover all municipalities in Finland (October 2018). The 50 largest municipalities account for one third of Finland’s emissions and half of emissions from transport Emissions in 2015, million tonnes of CO2 equivalents 2 55 6 35% Rest of Finland 6 43 of the50 largest municipalities1 16% 5 11 32% 7 48% 18 29% 40% Energy Fuel use Tansport Oil heating Industrial Agriculture Waste Emissions industry of industry and processes and management combined and other fuel use product use construction 1) From among the 50 largest municipalities in Finland, Kajaani, Savonlinna, Nokia, Kangasala, Lempäälä, Siilinjärvi and Tornio were not reviewed as a result of a lack of emissions data. No emissions from industry, work machines, ports or airports have been allocated to the municipalities. Sources: CO2 reports of municipalities (Benviroc Oy), HINKU emissions accounting (Finnish Environment Institute), Statistics Finland Transport and heating account for three quarters of the emissions of municipalities Emissions distribution of 5 % waste management 12 % electricity use of consumers Finland’s 50 largest 6 % agriculture municipalities in 2015 (15.9 Mt CO2-eq.) 5 % electrical heating 34 % road transport 28 % district heating 10 % oil heating 1) From among the 50 largest municipalities in Finland, Kajaani, Savonlinna, Nokia, Kangasala, Lempäälä, Siilinjärvi and Tornio were not reviewed as a result of a lack of emissions data. No emissions from industry, work machines, ports or airports have been allocated to the municipalities. Sources: CO2 reports of municipalities (Benviroc Oy), HINKU emissions accounting (Finnish Environment Institute), Statistics Finland 20 cities with 50,000 or more inhabitants account for 22% of Finland’s emissions The GHG emissions of Finland’s 50 largest municipalities, by sector, in 2015 kt CO2-eq. (the order of the municipalities is based on the number of inhabitants) 12 % of Finland’s emissions 10 % of Finland’s emissions 7 % of Finland’s emissions 2.184 > 50,000 inhabitants < 50,000 inhabitants 1.078 933 835 808 718 622 589 561 405 336 459 361 344 415 246 400 248 264 307 188 170 146 256 238 222 210 192 239 123 152 159 126 155 159 127 156 124 86 132 152 109 149 Pori Salo Oulu Vihti Kemi Lohja Lahti Vaasa Kotka Nokia Espoo Turku Raisio Raahe Tornio Imatra Iisalmi Kerava Vantaa Porvoo Rauma Kuopio Mikkeli Kajaani Ylöjärvi Hollola Kaarina Kurikka Tuusula Kokkola Kouvola Joensuu Helsinki Tampere Seinäjoki Hyvinkää Jyväskylä Siilinjärvi Lempäälä Riihimäki Raasepori Sastamala Kangasala Järvenpää Rovaniemi Nurmijärvi Savonlinna Hämeenlinna Lappeenranta Kirkkonummi Waste management Road transport District heating Electricity use of consumers Agriculture Oil heating Electrical heating Sources: CO2 reports of municipalities (Benviroc Oy), HINKU emissions accounting (Finnish Environment HINKU accounting Institute), inhabitant count 31.12.2014 (Local Finland) Rural municipalities where agriculture is a major industry get high emissions per capita The